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Estimating the Costs of Gender-Based Violence in the European Union Report

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Estimating the Costs of Gender-Based Violence in the European Union Report MH-04-14-745-EN-1 MH-04-14-745-EN-1 EstimatingEstimating the the costs costs of of gender-basedgender-based violence violence in in ReportReport thethe European European Union Union http://eige.europa.euhttp://eige.europa.eu Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2014 ISBN 978-92-9218-499-5 doi:10.2839/79629 © European Institute for Gender Equality, 2014 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. European Institute for Gender Equality Estimating the costs of gender-based violence in the European Union The publication of this report was prepared by Sylvia Walby and Philippa Olive from Lancaster University and coordi- nated by the European Institute for Gender Equality’s gender-based violence team. The report provides an analysis of methodological options on the cost of gender-based violence and intimate part- ner violence, by studying different literatures and studies, and provides recommendations. It includes a case study on the cost of intimate partner violence against women in the UK during 2012 and provides a calculation of the costs in the EU. The report does not necessarily reflect the opinion or position of the European Institute for Gender Equality, and no responsibility is taken by any persons for the use of the information contained in this publication. Neither the European Institute for Gender Equality nor any person acting on its behalf can be held responsible for any use made of the information contained in this publication. The European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) is an autonomous body of the European Union, established to contribute to and strengthen the promotion of gender equality, including gender mainstreaming in all EU policies and the resulting national policies, and the fight against discrimination based on sex, as well as to raise EU citizens’ awareness of gender equality. Further information can be found on EIGE’s website (http://www.eige.europa.eu). Gedimino pr. 16 LT-01103 Vilnius LITHUANIA Tel. +370 52157444 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.eige.europa.eu http://www.twitter.com/eurogender http://www.facebook.com/eige.europa.eu http://www.youtube.com/eurogender 3 Foreword Gender-based violence is perceived as one of the most severe forms of gender inequality and it remains one of the most pervasive human rights violations of modern time. It is an issue that affects women disproportionally as it is directly connected with the unequal distribution of power between women and men; thus, it has a profound effect on families, communities and societies as a whole. The elimination of gender-based violence and the protection of victims/survivors is a stated goal of the European Union and one of the future key areas of work for the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE). Identifying the economic costs of gender-based violence will contribute to bet- ter informed decision-making in this area and support the comprehensive process of policy development. This report aims to analyse and assess the methodological options in the existing literature and studies on the costs to society of intimate partner violence. The European Commission and the Member States are taking steps to develop policies to combat all forms of gender-based violence. An accurate understanding of the costs of gender- based violence can guide EU Member States on which approaches to take while developing policies. It must be remembered that gender-based violence knows no geographical boundaries, no ethnic differences, class distinction or age limits and that such costs are borne by individuals and by the whole of society. The report looks at costs of lost economic output, health, legal services, social welfare, specialised services, and the physical and emo- tional impact on victims. Additionally, the report presents a case study on the cost of gender-based and intimate partner violence in the United Kingdom (2012) which later comes to serve as the basis for extrapolation of the costs of gender-based and intimate partner violence for each Member State. The findings of the study clearly show that the impact of gender-based violence on economies and society is sig- nificant; a holistic approach involving all stakeholders focused on the elimination of gender-based violence is funda- mental to addressing the root causes. This report will support policymakers and relevant institutions in their efforts. Virginija Langbakk Director The European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) 4 Estimating the costs of gender-based violence in the European Union Contents Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................3 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................10 Country Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ 11 Executive Summary .....................................................................................................................................12 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Lost Economic Output ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Health Services ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Legal Sector ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 13 Social Welfare ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 13 Personal Costs .......................................................................................................................................................................................14 Specialised Services ...........................................................................................................................................................................14 Physical and Emotional Impact ..................................................................................................................................................14 Data Availability .................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Methodological Options ................................................................................................................................................................ 15 Feasibility ..................................................................................................................................................................................................16 Future .........................................................................................................................................................................................................16 Case Study ...............................................................................................................................................................................................16 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................17 1.1 Purpose of the Study .............................................................................................................................................................. 17 1.2 The Policy Context ................................................................................................................................................................... 17 1.3 Why Analyse the Economic Costs of Gender-Based Violence? ..................................................................... 17 1.4 Costing Intimate Partner Violence in the EU-28 .....................................................................................................18 1.5 Defining Intimate Partner Violence ................................................................................................................................18 1.6 Methodology .............................................................................................................................................................................. 19 1.7 Study Format
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