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ESSEX SOCIETY FOR ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY (Founded as the Essex Archaeological Society in 1852) Digitisation Project ESSEX ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY NEWS WINTER 1984 TO AUTUMN 1987 (Nos. 89 to lOO) 2014 ESAH REF: N1089100 ISSN 0305-8530 Essex Archaeology and History News r,------- - ~ -- ------) \ \ I I I Winter 1984 ESSEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY NEWS LETTER NUMB ER 89 WINTER 1984 EDITOR Bill Liddell 17 Tensing Gardens Billericay Editorial Board M Crellin, K Crowe, V Gray, E Sellers, I Thompson, R Wood. ---000--- CONTENTS Editorial Page 1 Society Events 2 Society Record 4 Recent Work: County Archa·eological Unit 8 Southend Area News 15 Books: Notes and Reviews 18 Christmas Crossword 24 New Members and Inside Society Officers back cover ---ooo--- THE COVER ILLUSTRATIONS By courtesy of the County Archaeologist Front:- Cremation urn, probably early 6th century, from Springfield Lyons cemetery. Height 22.5 ems. Drawn by S Holden. Back:- Silver ring from a mid 6th century pit. Diameter 25 ems. S Holden. A pair of gilded alloy ,aucer brooches, mid 6th century, and the front plate of a composite saucer brooch of gilded copper alloy, mid 5th century. all c. 3.5cms diameter. S Tyler ---000--- THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED IN THIS PUBLICATION ARE THOSE OF THE INDIVIDUALS WRITING THEM AND NOT NECESSARILY THOSE OF THE ESSEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND ITS OFFICERS. ---000--- Published from:- 1 Chignall Road Chelmsford CM1 2JA EDITORIAL 1 A MERRY CHRISTMAS TO ALL SOCIETY MEMBERS and to you and the Society the wish of a good New Year. To help you enjoy 'every free moment• in the midst of those annual revels, which others insist upon, the Society has managed to produce not only this, your favourite quarterly packed with lively information, but also a volume of Essex Archaeology and History printing at this very moment. What better gifts with which to celebrate quietly? For do not they offer a record of work done, analysis achieved and results presented as well as news of pleasures to come in the new year? In addition we provide notes of books to read and reviews of a few which might be worthwhile. The Christmas Crossword, compiled by our President, is an innovation we are sure will be welcomed as a lively addition to our offerings. No photographs in this issue, I am afraid,but the cost of reproduction makes that an occasional luxury until we double our membership. We are particularly pleased with this edition for only cost prevents us providing an even larger magazine. Copy is flooding in, archaeology and history in Essex have never been livelier, and we welcome more. Society News and Record are intended not only for ourselves but are available to every other society in the county. Please send the information;we shall try to publish in time but remember our press dates 1 November, 1 February, 1 May and 1 August. SUGGESTED NEW YEAR RWSOLUTIONS. To proselytise and enrol at least one new member for EAS. To write up an account of your work for publication in the Newsletter. To join actively in the Society's work: we need a Heritage Conservation committee. 2 COMING EVENTS Third Annual Morant Lecture This will be given by Mr Paul Drury, for so long the 'father' of Roman Chelmsford. His subject will be Iron Age and Roman Essex: A Personal Review of the Image of Rescue Archaeology, 1970-1985 It is on Friday 22 March 1985 at 7.30 pm in Christ church, New London Road, Chelmsford, and refreshments will be served afterwards. The Mary Rose An illustrated lecture by Commander Peter Whitlock of the Mary Rose Trust, a naval historian and formerly responsible for HMS Victory, will be given on Friday 19 April 1985 at 7o30 pm in the Main Hall, Colchester Institute, Sheepen Road, Colchester. This lecture is jointly sponsored by the EAS and the Colchester Engineering Society, and we hope members will giV•3 their support. ---ooo--- PHOTOGRAPHS WANTED. Have you a photographic print or coloured slide in your collection which shows members at an EAS event? Would you loan it to us so we can make a copy and an enlargement? We are hoping to produce a display board showing EAS activities, which could be used for publicity purposes. Please contact the President, Andrew Phillips (Telephone number Colchester 46775 Evenings). ---ooo--- British Archaeological Reports has a new address: 5 Centremead, Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 OES. 3 The Colchester Archaeological Trust is currently excav ating a site to the rear of the Gilberd School on North Hill. It ·is hoped by Spring t.o have excavated two barrack blocks of the Roman Legionary Fortress. So far a medieval lime kiln and a furnace probably used for metalworking have been uncovered. The site appears to have been a largely unoccupied one after the first century. There is a well-defined burn level from the Boudiccan Revolt, with burnt timbers and other well preserved pre-Boudiccan evidence. Some 41 coins have been found and an unusual artefact with a medusa head. ---ooo--- After months of waiting, demolition is to proceed on Colchester's historic Lion Walk Church. The £2 million redevelopment aims to retain the tower and spire, but replace the church by a new building with shops down- - stairs and church above. The Colchester Archaeological .Trust expect to find Roman and Saxon .remains similar to those uncovered during the 1971-74 Lion Walk Shopping' Precinct development. ---ooo--- The University of Essex is trafficking with 'furreners'. Under an agreement announced in Ipswich Town Hall, the university is to develop resource-sharing links with museums and galleries in Suffolk. For example, Essex students will. have access to the skeletal collections at the Suffolk Biological Record Centre, while they in turn will have access to the university's electron microscopes and oral and social history centres. Lots of skeletons there, we believe. --ooo--- The Stour Valley Railway Preservation Society is restoring its 1880 goods shed at the Cappel & Wakes Colne Station with 2~1 litres of Dulux ~aint provided free by ICI. The shed will become an exhibition area. 4 ESSEX NEWS . Coalhouse Fort On 22 September, members of the EAS spent an excell ent afternoon at Coalhouse Fort together with the Friends of Historic Essex, whose President, Mr Aubrey Saunders, had organised the event. We were given a brief history of the fort by Mr Victor Smith, Research Officer of the Coalhouse Fort Project, before dividing into smaller groups for guided tours of the whole site. From the five foot reinforced concrete roof there was a view of the wide sweep of river at this point, so it was easy to understand why this spot had been chosen for fortifications, from the Henry VIII blockhouse to the searchlight and radar installations of the present century. The main interest of our visit was the nine teenth century fort which is currently being restored. It was interest·ing to note the progress made since our first visit in 1976. Fear of French attack in the second half of the last century led to rapid develop ments in weaponry. (see EAS Newsletter Autumn 1984) Fortunately never fired in anger, these nineteenth ~entury 'deterrents' were matched by even stronger and better fortifications. The casemates make ide~l exhibition rooms - one is already occupied by the Essex Historical Aircraft Association whose exhibits were explained by Roger Pickett and Brian Sadler. A tour of the subterranean connecting tunnels with their alcoves and intersections lit by nightlights was reminiscent of the Paris catacombs. We were glad to reach the September sunlight and the most welcome tea provided by the ladies of St Catherine 1 s, the attractive eighteenth century chuooh on the hill, noted for its alternating circular and octagonal piers and ear~y decoration. Our very warm thanks go to the Friends and Mr Saunders for such an enjoyable and entertaining afternoon. 5 We were very pleased that our party included members of the Castle Point Archaeology Group who asked whether they may join an event taking place on their home ground. This is just the kind of association with local groups that the EAS welcomes. Margaret Cornwall Little Wenham and Polstead Saturday 21 July was a splendid afternoon, with glorious weathere Members gathered at remote Little Wenham, deep in .Suffolk, and were immediately attracted by the very fine-, large sixteenth century thatched barn, one of the three important buildings grouped together at a characteristic East Anglian site - manor, church and barn. A broad spring-fed moat and buttressed brick outer walls protected the well preserved late 13C fortified manor house, built of brick, with some flint, and caen stone pointing. The house was carefully designed to provide an impenetrable ground floor, protected by long slit windows which gave ventilation and some light. The first floor living accommodation, originally reached by ladder, still shows many typical medieval features - inset window seats, a garderobe drain, a huge fireplace, and pointed windows reflecting the church architecture of the period. Across delightful gardens we came to the church of St Lawrence built by the same mason as the house and now in the care of the Redundant Churches Trust. It con tai'ns remains of wall paintings and late 15C brasses and an Elizabethan memorial to members of the Brews family who lived at Little Wenham from medieval times to 1700, when it was sold to Thurston, the prominent Co~chester lawyer. The Society is most grateful to the present owner, Major Binny, for a rare opportunity to see this set of buildings and for his detailed descriptions as he showed us round. The usual fine tea awaited us at Polstead Village Hall, 6 and then we visited the church set high above the village with its ancient ponds, which gave it its Saxon name.