List of abbreviations
AAC ADP/ATP translocase (some authors use ANT) ACK Acetate kinase ACS Acetyl-CoA-synthetase [ADP]-ACS Acetyl-CoA-synthetase (ADP-forming) ADH Alcohol dehydrogenase ADHE Bifunctional alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase E ADP Adenosine diphosphate ALDH Aldehyde dehydrogenase AMP Adenosine monophosphate AN Alternative NADH dehydrogenase (rotenone-insensitive) aNar Assimilatory nitrate reductase aNir Assimilatory nitrite reductase AOX Alternative oxidase APS Adenosine-5´-phosphosulfate ASCT Acetate:succinate CoA-transferase ASCT IA Acetate:succinate CoA-transferase of the IA protein subfamily ASCT IB Acetate:succinate CoA-transferase of the IB protein subfamily ASCT IC Acetate:succinate CoA-transferase of the IC protein subfamily ATP Adenosine triphosphate ATP-PEPCK ATP-dependent phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase BIF Banded iron formation CBS Cystathionine-β-synthase CoA Coenzyme A CSE Cystathionine-γ-lyase DHAP Dihydroxyacetone phosphate DHOD Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid dNar Dissimilatory nitrate reductase dNir Dissimilatory nitrite reductase ETF Electron-transferring flavoprotein ETF: RO Electron-transferring flavoprotein:rhodoquinone oxidoreductase FAD Flavin adenine dinucleotide
FADH2 Reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide Fdh Formate dehydrogenase FDP Flavodiiron proteins Fdx Ferredoxin Fe Iron Fe-S cluster Iron−sulfur cluster Fe-S protein Iron−sulfur protein FMN Flavin mononucleotide FRD Membrane-bound fumarate reductase G3P Glycerol-3-phosphate GAP Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate GDP Guanosine diphosphate GOE Great oxidation event GPDH Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GTP Guanosine triphosphate https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110612417-205 XVI List of abbreviations
GTP-PEPCK GTP-dependent phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase hDNA Hydrogenosomal DNA, hydrogenosomal genome HIF Hypoxia-inducible factor HydEFG [FeFe]-hydrogenase maturases ISC pathway Biosynthetic pathway of iron−sulfur cluster formation ITP Inosine triphosphate kDNA Kinetoplast DNA, mitochondrial genome of trypanosomatids LDH Lactate dehydrogenase LECA Last eukaryotic common ancestor LGT Lateral (horizontal) gene transfer MDH Malate dehydrogenase NAD+-MDH NAD+-dependent malate dehydrogenase ME Malic enzyme (decarboxylating malate dehydrogenase) MLOs Mitochondria-like organelles MOB-CoA 2-Methyl-3-oxobutanoyl-CoA MOP-CoA 2-Methyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA MQ Menaquinone mRNA Messenger RNA MROs Mitochondria-related organelles mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial genome NAD+ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADP+ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NoR Nitric-oxide reductase (alternative abbreviation NO-reductase P450nor) NTT Nucleotide transporter OMO Organelles of mitochondrial origin P450nor Cytochrome P450 NO-reductase PAL Present atmospheric level of oxygen PAPS 3´-Phosphoadenosine-5´-phosphosulfate PAP Adenosine-3´,5´-bisphosphate PAT Phosphate:acetyltransferase (phosphotransacetylase)
Pi Inorganic phosphate
PPi Pyrophosphate (inorganic diphosphate) PDH Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex or pyruvate dehydrogenase PDC Pyruvate decarboxylase PEPCK Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ITP/GTP-PEPCK ITP/GTP-dependent Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
PPi-PEPCK PPi-dependent phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase PFL Pyruvate formate lyase PFL-AE Pyruvate formate lyase activation enzyme PFO, PFOR Pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase PGA 3-phosphoglycerate PNO Pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase PNT Pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase pO2 Partial pressure of oxygen in the environment PPDK Pyruvate:orthophosphate dikinase (pyruvate phosphate dikinase)
PPi Pyrophosphate PTA Phosphotransacetylase (phosphate acetyltransferase) List of abbreviations XVII
Q Generic quinone of unknown structure QFR Quinol:fumarate reductase MCF Mitochondrial carrier family RQ Rhodoquinone RNA Ribonucleic acid ROS Reactive oxygen species rRNA Ribosomal RNA SCS Succinyl-CoA-synthetase (succinate thiokinase) SD Sulfur dioxygenase SQR Sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase ST Sulfurtransferase STK Succinate thiokinase (succinyl-CoA-synthetase) SUF A pathway of iron−sulfur cluster formation TIM Translocator inner Membrane TOM Translocator outer Membrane TPP Thiamine pyrophosphate tRNA Transfer RNA UQ Ubiquinone VDAC Mitochondrial porin, voltage-dependent anion channel WHO World Health Organization