1L AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE * * JOURNAL * *

VOL. XII DECEMBER, 1935 No. 12 he knows he may be president

"Attentive” that’s the word most guests use when And what’s that to you? Just this.Their "Yes, sirs” they’re speaking about our service. But not long are said just a bit more sprucely than you hear ago, one of our guests expressed it differently. them elsewhere..."Floor, please” sounds a trifle Nodding toward a smart little bell boy, he said, warmer..."Good morning,sir—it’s7:30”comes over "That kid’s as eager to please as if he owned a lot the wire a little more hospitably...room service is a of stock in your hotel. I bet he’ll get somewhere! little quicker...table service a little more courteous. And that remark moved us to let you in on a secret Small things, if you will—but you like them, ...the secret of why all our employes show don’t you? And this same spirit of ser¬ such a warm personal interest in what¬ vice animates the bigger things that are ever work they are doing—and in you. 2o^> reduction done for your comfort and convenience Each and every one of them knows to diplomatic and at the Hotel New Yorker. One of that if he’s better than his job, he’ll get consular service these "bigger thi ngs” is the manage¬ ment that makes it possible to give you a better job. And that rule goes right up NOTE: the special rate the ladder to the top.That’s why they’re reduction applies only such a very wide range of very reason¬ to rooms on which the able prices in rooms and restaurants. all "career men” who work in our hotel. rate is $4- a day or more. HOTEL NEW YORKER 34TH STREET AT EIGHTH AVENUE • CITY Directed by National Hotel Management Company, Inc. • Ralph Hitz, President Private Tunnel from Station

OTHER HOTELS UNDER SAME D1RECTON: HOTEL LEXINGTON, NEW YORK • NETHERLAND PLAZA, CINCINNATI . BO O K-CA D I LLAC, DETROIT • THE ADOLPHUS, DALLAS • HOTEL VAN CLEVE, DAYTON JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

CONTENTS COVER PICTURE Photograph from Vice Consul Lee Worley View from the Governor’s Palace of the elevator WOODWARD & LOTHROP connecting the lower city with the upper, Bahia. 10th, 11th, F and G Streets THE WELL OF THE SEVEN LAZY ONES WASHINGTON, D. C., U. S. A. By Helen Evelyn Pillsbury 669 "A Store Worthy of The Nation’s Capital”

THE PRESIDENT’S GREETINGS _ 672 THE SECRETARY’S GREETINGS _____ 673 We are all ready AMBASSADOR JOSEPH H. CHOATE By Emily Bax 674 to do your BY THE SANDS OF DEE By Katherine Buxbaum 676 AIR NAVIGATION WEEK CHRISTMAS By Rex Martin 678 LEGATION INTO EMBASSY 682 SHOPPING WHAT’S NEW IN WASHINGTON By Lonnelle Davison 685

IcDIMS ONG before even a sprig of holly By Burton H. Larnore 690 makes its appearance, Woodward TRUTHFUL FISHERMAN 691 8C Lothrop has been "behind the scenes”—diving into the excelsior of in¬ PICTORIAL SUPPLEMENT 691 numerable big packing cases and crates —looking for delightful, practical, and PRIZE CONTEST RESULTS _ 692 above all NEW Christmas presents—and NEWS FROM THE DEPARTMENT 693 you benefit by the results.

NEW CHIEF OF LA 695 Simply write to us—give us your Christ¬ NEWS FROM THE FIELD 696 mas Shopping List—or very good descrip¬ tions of the persons for whom you want A POLITICAL BOOKSHELF us to choose gifts—and, almost the min¬ Cyril Wynne, Review Editor ute your order is received, our Personal Policies and Opinions at Paris, 1919 Shoppers will spring into action—choos¬ Reviewed by C. W 698 ing, packing, wrapping (festively for very little more), and rushing them off to their John Jay: Defender of Liberty destinations at the proper date. A nice Reviewed by E. Wilder Spaulding 699 idea is for you to enclose your greeting FOREICN SERVICE CHANGES 700 cards with your order, unless you wish us to choose them, too. OUR METHODS OF GIVING EFFECT TO INTER¬ NATIONAL LAWS AND TREATIES (Conclu¬ sion)—By the Honorable Fred K. Nielsen 708 •5® BIRTHS 713

MARRIAGES _ 713 Mrs. Tolson will be IN MEMORIAM 713 most happy to help you SERVICE VISITORS 736 —simply address her at Woodward & Lothrop, TEN YEARS AGO IN THE JOURNAL 736 Washington, D. C., U. S. A. Issued monthly bv American Foreign Service Associa¬ tion, Department of State, Washington, D. C. Entered as second-class matter , 1934, at the Post Office, in Washington, D. C., under the Act of March 3, 1879. 665 No matter what point you want to reach telegraph, cable and radio communica¬ ...whether it be in 80,000 places in the tions under a single management. United States or Canada* or in all the Postal Telegraph will speed your world beyond, send your message via message to the other end of the town Postal Telegraph. or the other end of the world . . . with For Postal Telegraph is the only accuracy ... with dependability. And re¬ American telegraph company that offers member, when you send a message via a world-wide service of coordinated Postal Telegraph by telephone, charges * Through the Canadian Pacific Railway Telegraphs will appear on your telephone bill.

THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM festal Telegraph

Commercial ail Umerica Cables Cables ttlackay Radio

666 To ^Patronize Our cAdvertisers Is to Insure a Tigger and better 'Journal for Our Service.

INDEX OF ADVERTISERS American Security and Trust Company 701 Atlas Engraving Co. 733 Bacardi, Santiago de 735 0cr BALTIMORE MAIL Baltimore Mail Line. . 667 Cathay Hotel— 735 & and from, Chase National Bank : 702 f UROPE Continental Hotel—Paris 735 Crillon, Hotel—Paris 735 Diplomatic and Consular Institute, The 728 Expect more solid travel comfort and travel Dunapalota Hotel—Budapest 735 pleasure — more room and unrestricted Federal Storage Company 723 freedom — the right traveling companions. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co 668 et Choiseul Hotel—Paris 735 Expect more and get more the year ’round Ceneral Motors Export Co 718 — at lower rates. Sail from or debark at Goodyear Tire & Rubber Export Company . 705 Grace, W. R., and Company 721 Baltimore — an hour distant from Wash¬ Harris and Ewing 730 ington. Staterooms all outside on upper Hungaria Hotel—Budapest 735 decks, all with hot and cold running water, International Telephone & Telegraph Co 666 60% with private baths. Spotless cleanli¬ Le Boissy D’Anglas Restaurant—Paris 735 Manhattan Storage and Warehouse Co 702 ness. Fine food. Varied menus. Choice Martinique Hotel 727 wines and liquors at moderate prices. Mayflower Hotel - 703 Merchants Transfer and Storage Company 731 Special consideration given officials Metropole Hotel—Shanghai 735 Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of Amer¬ in United States Foreign Service. ica, Inc. 727 Munson S.S. Lines . 722 AA Minimum Rates A ^ National Geographic Magazine . 711 JJ> | One Way • Round Trip J) | Q J New England Mutual Life Insurance Co 730 New Yorker Hotel II Cover Pagani’s Restaurant—London 735 Weekly Sailings To and From Europe Palace-Ambassadeurs Hotel— 735 Pan-American Airways, Inc 706 BALTIMORE NORFOLK LONDON Park Hotel—Shanghai 735 HAVRE HAMBURG Plaza Hotel 709 Rockwefeller Center III Cover Roudybush Foreign Service School 730 Sapp, Earle W., C.L.U 730 Savoy-Plaza Hotel 709 Sea Captains’ Shop, The—Shanghai 735 Security Storage Company of Washington 701 Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., Inc 715 Strasbourg, Restaurant Brasserie de—Marseilles 735 Swift & Co., Inc 729 Tyner, Miss E. J 730 BALTIMORE Underwood Elliott Fisher Company 707 United Fruit Company 706 United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company.. 727 United States Lines 725 MAIL LINE United States Steel Products Co _ 721 313 N. Charles St., Balto. 743 14th St., N. W., Wash. von Zielinski, Carl M. J 728 Waldorf-Astoria Hotel IV Cover Associated with—United States and American Merchant Lines to Willard Hotel 722 Europe; Panama Pacific Line to California. 1 Broadway, New York. Woodward and Lothrop 665 667 THE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

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668 VOL. XII, No. 12 WASHINGTON, D. C. DECEMBER, 1935

The Well of the Seven Lazy Ones By HELEN EVELYN PILLSBURY

| ''HE Well of the Seven Lazy Ones” stands to- Seven Lazy Ones.” An iron lantern, overhanging 1 day in the ancient city of Bremen, , the entrance to the street and lighted because of the and around it cluster seven workshops. Here a fog, seems to cast fantastic shadows over the brick silversmith, a wood worker, a potter, an enamel arcade. Then we see that they are not shadows but worker, a turner, a ceramic worker and a weaver that the bricks actually curve in and out in definite are pioneers in a growing movement to carry over patterns, quite unlike the plain brick surfaces to the “earth” quality of the original raw material which we are accustomed. into the finished product. We hear the sound of music, a ’cello playing a A silver cake box retains the look of molten Beethoven sonata, and the clinking of glasses as metal. A wooden bowl makes one think of deep we pass under the arch into the narrow street. forest aisles. A piece of pottery savors of the Clefts rounding into tow¬ earth. No home can be quite prosaic once the in¬ ers, domes in miniature, fluence of “The Well of the Seven Lazy Ones” has facades, gables, balconies, touched it. The work is of the earth, earthy. Such gnome-like figures and objets (Tart in a home give perspective. Walls vivid designs play riot seem to fall away so that one may catch a glimpse with the brick fronts of of giant Cyprus the buildings. Bricks cut stretching out into facets like jewels catch crooked arms in the light through the rain. the moonlight, of Here is a lively spirit sel¬ sunken clay pits, dom met in architecture. deep red and yel¬ This bold departure BRONZE CAT low, of silver from accustomed archi¬ BY WORKERS streaming before tectural form OF THE “WELL” life began. springs from GROUP It is in the a heritage of Bottchestrasse independence. (street of the Ever since the Mid¬ coopers), as dle Ages the mari¬ queer a thorough¬ time city of Bremen fare as one is has enjoyed the po¬ likely to come litical autonomy of upon in a a “free city” within month’s t rav¬ the German Reich. eling, that we From the 13th to find “The the 17th century, Well of the with other cities in year 1587. He turned this house into a museum, then added Nos. 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9 in quick succession. At the end of the street stand the two newest houses: the , dedicated to the sunken continent and characterized by a huge carving repre¬ senting a large oakwood wheel with a cross and a tortured man on it, and the Robinson House, dedicated to Rob¬ inson Crusoe, whose ancestors came from Bremen and bore the name of Kreutzner. In the latter building is a jolly little coffee slube inlaid with fifteenth century tiles where caffeinless coffee is served to the visitor, for it is by taking the caffein out of coffee that Herr Roselius, one of Germany’s shrewdest coffee tasters, has made his fortune. Thus the Bottchestrasse is a curious mixture of mediaeval and ultra-modern architecture. The architect of the new houses, , is a leader of the industrial arts movement and it is under his supervision that the hand¬ craft work is carried on. “Art,” he explains, “belongs to no epoch. We have a unity of feeling here which runs through everything from the mid¬ dle ages to the present day.” In the courtyard of the first building on the right of the entrance, the Paula Becker Modersohn house, we find “The Well of the Seven Lazy Ones.” It de¬ rives its name from a legend of seven lazy fellows who were too indolent to carry water in buckets from the river, Weser, to Bremen, and so dug the first Ru'd. Stickelmann, Bremen well. Such creative laziness is the THE WELL OF THE SEVEN LAZY ONES THE PLASTIC QUALITY OF THE BRICK WORK IS NOTEWORTHY. the Hanseatic League, Bremen waged successful wars against and , eventually ob¬ taining supremacy of the Baltic Sea. A gallant city, Bremen, and a suitable fountainhead for this new movement in industrial art. There is a close relationship between the work of “The Seven Lazy Ones” and the Bottchestrasse itself, for everything — museums, restaurants, art galleries, shops and workrooms—is owned by one man, Ludwig Roselius. Herr Roselius is a patron Hans Pries. Bremen of the arts after the manner of the early princes. SANDALWOOD BOWL. THE GOLD AND In 1904 he first acquired Bottchestrasse No. 6, RED-BROWN MARKINGS OF NATURE WERE which, so its cornerstone says, dates back to the BROUGHT OUT BY THE ARTIST. JHE AMERICAN FOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

mother of progress. Around the well are the seven work¬ shops. First, the workshop of Franze Bolze, silversmith; then Walter Mersmann, turner; Frederick Schanze, wood work¬ er; Jan Boon, ceramics; Otto Meyei-, potter, and his brother, Emil Meyer, enamel worker; and Hermann Draber, weaver. Nearby are the show rooms gleaming with jewels, glass and metal. The workers are chosen for their skill and genius. Opened in 1927, the workshops have come to represent a school sup¬ planting in Germany the so- called “modern art” develop¬ COFFEE SERVICE OF SILVER AND EBONY ment which originated in that country and pos¬ sibly reached its climax in the buildings and deco¬ rations of the Century of Progress in . lies at the earth’s heart, yet straight lines have their charm. Each artist in his own workshop plies his trade Many advocates of the modern art movement proudly as did the guild worker of old. “We work believe that an object derives its beauty from its to create living things,” explained Otto Meyer, the potter, “to bring the richness which is in nature ability to meet a purpose, that everything ex¬ traneous to the purpose of utility should be into the homes of men and lessen the monotony of eliminated, leaving straight lines. everyday living. Utility, on the other hand, is not of paramount “Instead of glazing pottery, for instance, a proc¬ importance to the seven lazy ones. They are alike ess which changes its original character, we use fanatics in an effort to preserve the innate beauty earth colors for ornament. We do nothing to de¬ of the material with which they work. Idea, form, stroy the direct earthiness of the material. If in¬ ornament and utility are sacrificed to this. The stead of being painted with earth colors, the pot¬ result is that each creation, whether it be of metal, tery is subjected to glazing, its natural beauty is clay or wood, radiates the original freshness of covered as by a cobweb. Looking at these pieces its organic base. of pottery one understands why such vessels were once religious symbols for primitive nature wor¬ THE POTTER BURNED IN THE DESIGNS, IN shippers.” “EARTH”COLORS As the potter works to pre¬ serve the original beauty of the clay, so the wood worker carves and polishes most carefully that he may not alter the glori¬ ous colors, lines and patterns ingrained in the wood itself. Each artist, working in his par¬ ticular medium, thinks always of the beauty of the raw mate¬ rial. A curve to the Bremen art¬ ists is beautiful even if it is not the shortest distance be¬ tween two points. Hence come the interesting combinations of curves and angles which char¬ acterize their work. A curve 671 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON

TO ALL MEMBERS OF THE FOREIGN SERVICE

Many years of close observation of the functioning of the Foreign Service justifies me in saying to you in all frankness that I am highly gratified with the fine spirit of devotion to the public interest and the splendid morale, some¬ times in the face of serious difficulties, which you have shown. Together we have carried into effect several impor¬ tant constructive measures for the strengthening of the Ser¬ vice. With the aid of the Congress we shall make further advances always with a view to promoting the growth of our Foreign Service organization into a more compact, coordinated and adequately maintained agency progressively more effective in giving to all the interests of our people abroad the pro¬ tection that may be essential. You have responded to the responsibilities placed upon you in a manner that inspires me with confidence for the future.

As this holiday season approaches, it gives me es¬ pecial pleasure to extend to all of you in the light of my observation of your devotion to the interests of our people, my best wishes for Christmas and the New Year. THE SECRETARY OF STATE

WASHINGTON

TO THE FOREIGN SERVICE

To the members of the Foreign Service I send my warmest Christmas greetings and my best wishes for the coming year. Through¬

out the year now closing you have met your

increasingly heavy responsibilities with

conspicuous efficiency and discharged your duties with ability and distinction. Your record is an admirable one and I am proud to be associated with you in the splendid

work you are accomplishing for our people and our country. Ambassador Joseph H. Choate

As SEEN BY A LOWLY MEMBER OF HIS STAFF

By EMILY BAX

T NEVER understood idea what he was in 1 him in the least. The JOURNAL takes pleasure in pub¬ England for. I don’t How could I, a young lishing another of Miss Emily Bax s know what I expected inexperienced, unedu¬ accounts of her “Embassy Days.” to see when I was usher¬ cated girl—English at ed into his office that t h a t—know anything first time, notebook in about a great American like Mr. Choate? But in hand, a bit pensive because I knew no shorthand spite of that I am sure that he is one of the great¬ and it seemed to be expected. He gave me a est—if not the greatest man I have ever met. searching, rather caustic glance as Frank intro¬ I don’t understand how I knew then how great duced me. “Do you know stenography?” he he was. No one had ever told me much about asked. “Oh—you mean shorthand—not very well” him, hut true greatness cannot be hidden even I faltered. “But I can write on the typewriter from the foolish. Neither do I know why I liked from dictation?” him, for I often had an impression that behind “Can you? That’s splendid. We’ll go into the his politeness he was laughing at me, and when other room then and work there—Shall we?” he asked me a question—as he sometimes did— This last unnecessary question, and the sudden that he was somehow hoping to get amusement smile that accompanied it changed my world. I out of the answer, and this led me to say things rose to my feet, almost tripping with relief and that I didn’t mean. “Do you know how to spell preceded him to my desk. This was no efficiency ‘Elihu’?” he asked me one day, preparing to expert, no stuffed shirt, hut a man who under¬ write a letter to Mr. Root. I knew perfectly well stood my pathetic ignorance and didn’t mind. I how to spell it but heard myself saying, “No.” shouldn’t have to pretend with him. Not that He looked up and said sorrowfully, “\ou dont! I put it in those words, but that was the gist of it. How sad! It’s in the Bible.” And there I sat, And so dozens of times he came into the little knowing it, and “letting him get away with it.” room I shared with Mr. Carter, the Counselor of He had a habit too of staring at me unwinking, Embassy, and dictated despatches and cables and lost in thought and not seeing me at all, and I many amusing letters to his friends who lived in would find my head being drawn back farther and New York and Boston, and principally in a place farther until 1 had forcibly to release myself from called Stockbridge where his home was and which this curious magnetism. In short, it was the he loved. In time 1 grew to know many of these impact upon inexperienced defenseless youth of people so that now when I come across their a great complex personality, with inexperienced names in the newspapers I feel a friendly thrill youth feeling all the insecurity, uncertainty, desire as though I really knew them in the flesh instead to please and fascination of such an encounter. of only as phantoms of the typewritten word. Mr. Choate, that great New England lawyer There was much correspondence then with Mr. who was Ambassador to Great Britain from 1899 John LaFarge about the great window which he to 1905 had been more than four years in London was making for the Chapel at Southwark Cathe¬ when I first went to the Embassy. My predeces¬ dral that Mr. Choate and Mr. William Phillips, sor, an American girl, had returned to the United his secretary, were restoring together as a me¬ States ill and I had been installed in her place. morial to John Harvard who had been baptized America was hardly more than a glamorous name there. The glass for the window had to be to me, and its people a combination of the charac¬ shipped over to Mr. LaFarge, and then there was ters in the Wide Wide World, Elsie Dinsmore and the making of the window and the shipping of it Little Women, and as to the American Rebellion back. And there was much other correspondence —so called in my history book—it seemed to be about the chapel as it evolved from being the a great fuss about a bit of tea. Boston took itself mere repository for the vestments of the Cathe¬ very seriously even then. dral clergy into the beautiful Chapel where Har¬ Mr. Choate was therefore the first American vard men could pay respect to the founder of Ambassador I had met, and I had not the remotest their University. 674 All Mr. Choate’s letters were urbane, substan¬ to learn about America and diplomacy as fast as tial, “meaty” to use a phrase that is hard to I could, and perhaps it is not to be wondered at better—not the thin talky missives of the cautious, that I fell upon the banquet that was generously but rather brief letters that contained everything spread before me and swallowed everything in¬ necessary. Many of them were written to Mr. discriminately, delightedly, with everybody at the Hay and Mr. Theodore Roosevelt and many to Embassy contributing to help me. eminent lawyers, and to friends in such places as Mr. Choate was a robust, sarcastic, salty, mel¬ Salem, Marble¬ low individual head, Boston, about whom Beverly in many stories are Massachusetts told, stories —to me ever that are true afterwards and show his words of ro¬ character much mance telling of better than im¬ a different and pressive o r a- lovelier Ameri¬ tions could ever ca than I had do. When he ever suspected. grew stout, as he I also learned did in his later American h i s- years, he said tory from mak¬ that it was so ing copies from that he could the beautifully meet the Eng- clear manu¬ 1 i s h half-way. script of Mr. In his speeches Choate’s famous he was always Address given contrasting the in England on Lion with the Abraham Lin¬ Eagle, and got coln, Ralph into trouble in Waldo Emer¬ the United son’s Education States by saying in America and that when the others (the British lion is 0 r i g i n a 1 s of about to roar some of which even the Ameri¬ 1 have among can eagle should my treasures) hold its peace. and I soon dis- He never tired covered that of teasing the when M r. English people, Choate d i d n’t who thoroughly approve of any¬ © Bradley Studios, New York City. Reproduced by special permission. enjoyed it, for thing he didn’t most English MR. CHOATE AT THE AGE OF 84 YEARS hesitate to ex¬ people love to press himself in he teased, and unmistakable language. It was from one of his Ad¬ do not respond nearly so well to profes¬ dresses that I learned about Tammany Hall, and his sional politeness in speeches—or indeed at any scorching denunciation made a great impression time. “How do we know that George Washington on me. I was—and still am—greedy for educa¬ could throw a dollar across the Potomac?” he tion, and it came to me then faster than I could would ask, and then, after a brief pause, “Because possibly assimilate it. I was awed and almost he chucked a sovereign across the Atlantic.” And despairing at the vast depths of my ignorance, as when on one occasion he stood up to address a I jumped, like Eliza, from one isolated fact to large assemblage at the annual Fourth of July another across great expanses of emptiness, trying (Continued to page 703) 675 Bj the Sands of Dee By KATHERINE BUXBAUM

THE tourists who travel without prescribed Thrift and Compromise advised us that we might itinerary are a small but happy brotherhood. see something of northeastern Wales en route to There is something exhilarating about leaving the the port. choice of the next stopping place to Lady Luck, We consulted Baedecker and rejected a place who general¬ called Mold. ly plays fair, It was in our especially in territory, but the British as a place- Isles, where name it did every nook not intrigue and corner us; we want¬ are packed ed something with interest really Welsh if not with sounding, beauty, and something, usually with preferably, both. To beginning those whose with “double tour is not L.” And then exclusively it was that dedicated to we found the sightseeing name Llang¬ and visiting ollen, accom¬ shrines, I panied by recommend the uninspir¬ this desul¬ ing comment tory method; that it was and yet, “a neat town, whenever I noted for its speak in flannel and praise of beer.” It was such gam¬ only a short bling, I re¬ distance from flect that by Shrewsbury the same tok¬ and Chester, en we might places we have missed wished to see, Llangollen. and it was On an even¬ very near to ing in mid- . July we sat In one way in our Lon¬ it seemed a don lodging, pity to stake allocating our chances our remain- THE LADIES OF LLANGOLLEN of “seeing ing pound Wales” on notes. The “peep at Wales,” on which I had insist¬ such practical considerations, but the choice had one ed, would have to be just that, we decided, since we romantic element, one besides the double L; the were sailing home from Liverpool in a week’s town was situated on the River Dee. time. Although Wales is a small country there “0 Mary, go and call the cattle home would be neither time nor money for going about Across the sands of Dee;” much, but the genius—or rather the genii—of we chanted dreamily, and went on searching the JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICEJOURNAL springs of memory for more of the lovely lines: ollen and soon the bus driver had set us down “Oh! is it weed or fish or floating hair—• in the heart of the town itself. A drowned maiden’s hair The straggling street with its tiny shops, kept Among the nets at sea? by a legion of Joneses assisted now and then by Was never salmon yet that shone so fair a Williams or a Roberts, had no beauty that one Above the stakes on Dee.” should desire it. There was not even an ivy-clad church tower to be seen (St. Collen’s stands in a The seasoned traveler has learned not to expect by-street) ; instead there was a long line of “chap¬ too much at once of scenes he approaches for the els,” as architecturally ugly as we of the dissenting first time. He realizes that he may have to woo bodies have usually thought it meet to build. For the landscape, coming gradually upon its vaunted beauty, one must look either down or up, and

LLANGOLLEN beauty, perhaps seeking long before he finds. standing on the fourteenth century bridge we did Welsh mountains and Welsh were, we look—down at the Dee, brawling over its rocky knew, among the greatest charms awaiting us, but bed or lingering in pools where children waded; we were not prepared for the suddenness with and up at the high, green-bosomed hills, so gentle which these appeared. Scarcely had we left be¬ in their aspect except where escarpments of beet¬ hind the placid Shropshire landscape and crossed ling rocks interrupted their rolling course. On the the Welsh marshes at Shrewsbury, until the hills summit of one of the highest, and overlooking the of the Berwyn Range loomed up before us. Short¬ town, was the ruin of Dinas Bran. We were con¬ ly, too, our fellow travelers in the bus were point¬ tent. Llangollen would do very well for a so¬ ing out Chirk which appeared through an journ. Now to find a “bed and breakfast place.” opening in the trees, and speculating on the dis¬ The shrunken American dollar had caused us, tance to a castle ruin which they referred to as during the whole of our trip, to eschew hotels. Dinas Bran. And then, almost before we knew it, Even those inns, whose names remind one of Mr. we were dropping down into the Yale of Liang- (Continued to page 725) 677 Air Navigation Week

By REX MARTIN, Assistant Director, Bureau of Air Commerce, Department of Commerce

“And to encourage the study of ways and means by which aerial transportation can contribute more effectively to the social and economic progress of the human race.”—From the proclamation by the President of the United States declaring the week of October 14, 1935, Air Navigation Week.

SOCIAL progress is based on the opportunity Photo courtesy of Halsey E. Crosby, New York City afforded for human contact. ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA, SEEN FROM AN Human contact is likewise the prime essential EASTERN AIRLINES PLANE for economic progress. One must sustain the other. not be confined to the borders of a single nation, Hence the rate of social and economic progress but rather must it be extended to all nations, if of a nation is the rate at which its transportation each nation is to benefit thereby. and communications systems are developed. The rate of progress and the method of progress The social between nations is essentially the same as between and economic individuals. progress of the The airplane, because of its speed, has increased “human race,” the rate at which mass progress is possible. however, can¬ Human contacts need no longer be confined to neighboring counties, states, adjoining countries, or even continents. Social and economic progress between na¬ tions is being accel¬ erated ; witness the human contact

THE DELEGATES ARRIVING BY WAY OF MIAMI TRAVELED IN “SHIPS” OF THIS TYPE. FROM THE MOST DISTANT PARTS OF SOUTH AMERICA THE TRIP WAS MADE IN EIGHT DAYS. EVEN FASTER SERVICE IS REPORTED TO BE PLANNED 678 between nations of the Western Hemisphere during any of the older methods of transportation. Air Navigation Week with the aid of the airplane. Wings over the Americas brought each of them Representatives from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, a new viewpoint from which their own problems Canada, Chile, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, El might be observed with an increased knowledge as Salvador, Haiti, , Peru, and Uruguay, were basis for comparisons. brought to our borders by Pan American Airways, There is no substitute for experience, and no

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Verne O. Williams, Miami DELEGATES GATHER IN MIAMI Dince the majority of the delegates entered the United States at Miami, the initial welcoming ceremonies were held there by city organizations and by representatives of various branches of the United States Government, several of whom were sent from Washington for this purpose. Further welcomings were held at Washington by high officials of the government. From left to right: A. Calvo, Colombian Consul; Capt. France, E. A. L.; Frank Kelly, Asst. City Mgr.; Mr. , E. A. L.; L. L. Lee, City Manager; Capt. Hyde, U. S. Army, Retired; Lt. Com. Olson, U. S. Coast Guard; Alexander Orr, City Commissioner; Maj. Gen. Lathan Collins, 0. R. C.; Capt. Andrews, U. S. Army; Andrew Heermance, City Aviation; W. 0. Snyder, Div. Mgr., PAA; Com. Morehouse, U. S. Navy; Commander Recavarren, Peruvian delegate; Lt. Geo. Haynes; Dr. Goncalvez, Argentine delegate; Herbert S. Bursley, Dept, of State, Washington; J. E. Yonge, Miami attorney; Mr. Eisemnayer, Airport Association; Charles Fequiere, Haitian delegate; Alvin Preil, Supt. of Air Maintenance, Dept of Commerce, Washington; Juan R. Rivero T., Bolivian dele¬ gate; Ralph Higgs, U. S. Weather Bureau; Luis Marques, delegate from Uruguay; City Commissioner Sewell; Dr. Crillo, delegate from Brazil; H. W. Toomey, Div. Engr., PAA; Col. Luis Ardois, Cuban Tourist Commissioner; Ralph Tatum, All American Manoeuvers; C. T. Hansen, City Aviation; G. A. Shoemaker, City Aviation; A. E. Curtis, Public Relations Representative, PAA. whence they were flown to Washington by Amer¬ knowledge so profound as that gained by personal ican Airlines, Braniff Airways, and Eastern Air experience. The written word may be misunder¬ Lines. stood among men whose efforts are directed toward Through these courtesies, men of many nations economic progress, but show these same men con¬ had an opportunity to contact men of other na¬ crete examples which they can analyze in person tions in less time than would ordinarily have been and understanding is rapidly achieved. required to contact men of their own countries had Air Navigation Week was replete with concrete they been moving within their own borders by examples: 679 On Monday, October 14th, our guests were re¬ the Secretary’s statement “Those of us who are en¬ ceived by Secretary Wallace of the Department of gaged in the work of diplomacy * * * realize that Agriculture* and Secretary Roper of the Depart¬ our labors in the interest of international comity ment of Commerce. must, if they are to be effective, be supported sin¬ After short addresses of welcome by both Sec¬ cerely and intelligently by the millions of people retaries a response was made by Senor Mendes for whom we have the temerity to speak. * * * Goncalvez, Director of Civil Aeronautics of Argen¬ Today diplomacy must seek a much wider, a much tina. The party then proceeded to the office of more comprehensive, field of activity. Our duties the Director of Air Commerce. Here elaborate and functions now are not confined to negotiation charts had been prepared for the purpose of clari¬ alone; they broaden into unremitting effort to bring fying the organization of the Bureau of Air Com¬ the peoples of the western world, with common merce. Descriptions of the various aids provided ideals, common aspiration, common purposes and for air navigation were also given, together with common interests, into a more intimate and coopera¬ factual data as to the numbers in operation. This tive relationship, to understand each other even more meeting was sympatheti¬ more or less cally and to an account strive with of what was neighborly to be shown spirit for in a con¬ the solution crete form of problems during the common to week. The us all.” meeting Note that then ad¬ Secre¬ journed to tary Hull the Pan stressed the American necessity Union, for “inti¬ where be¬ mate and fore lunch¬ cooperative eon we lis¬ relation¬ tened to an ship * * * address b y for the so- the Honor- 1 u t i o n of a b 1 e Cor¬ problems dell Hull. common to Secretary of us all.” State, at the After a second gen¬ delightful eral assem¬ luncheon as bly of the guests of Pan Ameri- the Pan c a n Insti¬ A merican tute of Ge- Union, w e o g r a p h y returned to and ft i s- the Bureau tory. of Air Com- Signifi- m e r c e , cant was where a mo¬ tion picture * Secretary “Safety on Wallace lias jurisdiction the Federal over the weath- Skyways” e r Bureau which fur¬ was shown. nishes weather (Continued to reports along the airways. RIO DE JANEIRO FROM THE AIR page 714) 680

Legation Into Embassy

SEPTEMBER 17, 1935, marked the beginning of dent Lin Sen. Entering the audience hall by a new era in diplomatic representation be¬ a door in the center, he found himself in a very tween the United States and China. On that date large room, the President standing alone in front the status of the United States diplomatic mission of and under a large photograph of Sun Yat Sen. to China was changed from that of Legation to On the President’s right hand stood Dr. Wang Embassy. The preceding era began in 1859 when Ching-wei, President of the Executive Yuan, and the first American Minister to China, Mr. Everett, therefore Prime Minister of the Republic, Acting arrived to arrange the exchange of ratifications of Minister for Foreign Affairs. Lined up on the the treaty of 1854. President’s right were the military officers of the The newly appointed Ambassador, Mr. Nelson President’s household, while on the President’s Trusler Johnson, and his staff, the civilians in stiff left, the place of honor in China, stood the civil evening dress and the Army and Naval officers in officials of the President’s household. uniform, awaited the arrival of the Presidential Entering the room with Admiral Mao as master cars in the old building on San Pai Lou at Nan¬ of ceremonies, the Ambassador, accompanied after king which has so hospitably housed America’s an interval by his suite, stopped and bowed. Walk¬ representation in Nanking since 1903. At a little ing five paces further, the Ambassador again before 11 A. M. the cars arrived with Admiral stopped and bowed. A third stop was made about Mao Chung-fang and twenty feet before the Mr. Liu Nai-fan from President and a third the President’s office to and last bow was made. escort the American offi¬ All bows were returned cials to Government by the President. The House. The party, pre¬ Ambassador then made ceded by motor police¬ a short speech and pre¬ men, made quite a pa¬ sented his letter of cred¬ rade over the two miles ence. The President or more to the Govern¬ read a reply. The Presi¬ ment House. The streets dent and the Ambas¬ near the old office of sador then shook hands the Embassy were lined and had a brief conver¬ with people. Police sation. The Ambassador and gendarmes at inter¬ presented his staff to vals stood at attention the President. along the entire route. The whole party then Arrived at Govern¬ retired, backing from ment House, the Ambas¬ the room, and bowing sadorial party was as it had done on en¬ greeted at the entrance tering, to have its pic¬ sby a fan-fare of trump¬ ture taken with the ets and by troops lined President in the corri¬ up at salute. Next came dor outside. The Presi¬ the National Govern¬ dent joined the party in ment band, which played the reception room for the American national a conversation, then the air, during which the Ambassador and his Ambassadorial party staff were entertained at stood at salute. The luncheon by the Presi¬ party then proceeded to dent. the reception room in The ceremony was Government House and dignified and impressive after a short interval, throughout. As the Am¬ was led to the hall Photo from Cecil B. Lyon bassadorial party left where the Ambassador PLACING THE NEW COAT OF ARMS Government House, the was presented to Presi¬ AMERICAN EMBASSY, PEIPING. band played the Chinese 682 ^HE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL 13

national air, while the party stood at attention. It namely one sent by Hadrian to the Chinese Gov- was then saluted by soldiers and a fanfare of era having begun in Peiping, the seat of govern¬ trumpets as it left the gates. The five cars pa¬ ment established by the Tartar and Mongol con¬ raded back through the streets as before, with querors of China. police and gendarmes at intervals standing at Incident to the elevation of the American diplo¬ salute, and the new era had begun. matic mission in China to an Embassy, the Amer¬ It is interesting that the new era in diplomatic ican Consulate General at Nanking was closed representation between the United States and China effective September 17 and the Nanking Consular should have had its initiation in Nanking, where District incorporated into the Shanghai Consular tradition says the first Embassy from the West, District.

AMBASSADOR NELSON TRUSLER JOHNSON PRESENTS HIS CREDENTIALS Left to right, bottom row, Mr. Liu Nai-fan, Section Chief of the Bureau of Ceremonies; General Lu Chao, Director of the Department of Military Affairs of the National Government; the Honorable Nelson Trusler Johnson, American Ambassador; His Excellency, Mr. Lin Sen, Chairman of the National Government; His Excellency, Dr. Wang Ching- wei, President of the Executive Yuan and Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs; Wei Hwai, Director of the Depart¬ ment of Civil Affairs of the National Government; Mao Chung-fang, Chief of the Bureau of Ceremonies. Second row, Mr. -min T. S. Lynn, Chief of Protocol of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Willys R. Peck, Counselor of Em¬ bassy; Frank P. Lockhart, Counselor of Embassy; Dr. Li Sheng-wu, Director of the Department of General Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Third row, Mr. Li Yu-chu, Sub-section Chief of the Bureau of Ceremonies; George Atcheson, Jr., Second Secretary of Embassy; Julean Arnold, Commercial Attache of Embassy; Lieut.-Colo- nel Joseph W. Stilwell, Military Attache of Embassy; Captain Thomas M. Shock, Naval Attache of Embassy. Fourth row, Mr. Hsiao Tung-ming, Member of the Bureau of Protocol of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; John Carter Vincent, Second Secretary of Embassy; Kenneth J. Yearns, Third Secretary of Embassy; Douglas Jenkins, Jr., Third Secretary of Embassy; Captain William E. Crist, Assistant Military Attache. 683 Photo by Horydczak THE ARLINGTON MEMORIAL AMPHITHEATRE IN “PHOTO¬ SCULPTURE.” THIS CAMERA STUDY, BY HORYDCZAK, HAS MUCH OF THE QUALITY OF A BAS-RELIEF. IT IS PRO¬ DUCED BY PRINTING A POSITIVE AND A NEGATIVE PLATE AT THE SAME TIME 684 What's New in Washington?

By LONNELLE DAVISON

DO you want to buy a lighthouse, trace a crook, an impressive mass of limestone and granite, topped pry into the habits of the boll weevil, or by red roofs. On Capitol Hill there’s a shining count the unemployed? Whatever your interest, U. S. Supreme Court Building, a new House Office from farming to foreign trade, from early Ameri¬ structure, a renovated Senate Building. Back of cana to the latest technical invention, Uncle Sam Agriculture’s Administrative Headquarters is an not only has a word for it but a place as well, “Extensible” Building, already twice as big as the somewhere in one of the scores of public build¬ parent structure; while toward the end of Constitu¬ ings, new and old, in which the nation’s growing tion Avenue at river’s edge, the U. S. Public Health business is housed. Service also has itself brand new quarters. Capitalites take for granted the recent mush¬ Even the Washington Monument has had a bath, room expansion of official Washington. But to one the scaffolding used for the purpose giving rise to returning after an absence of several years to find a story current in police circles here. “Why,’ said his taxi forsaking old Pennsylvania Avenue for a a man brought to jail protesting his own innocence broad new artery called Constitution Avenue, the and the general guilt of everyone else, “they’re city presents a startlingly new face—in appear¬ so crooked they’ve crated up the Monument to ance, as Dorothy Parker once described a very ship it away for sale!” young bride, as new as a peeled egg. From a window of the Washington obelisk look Gone are the old landmarks in the shadow of over the Federal Triangle, toward the Capitol. the Capitol, the cheap flop houses, and most of the There is the Commerce Building, stretching three curio shops whose dusty souvenirs delighted pre¬ blocks to form the triangle’s horizontal base. depression tourists. Gone too is our meager China¬ town dozing on lower Pennsylvania Avenue (both COMMERCE AND COMPANY Chinese, according to that old wheeze, having You think the “magnificent distances” that char¬ packed u p acterized and depart¬ the village ed) . capital have From the moved in¬ site of his¬ side its toric Center buildings, Market all when you the way up consider to the Trea- that Com¬ sury, a merce alone group of has 24,500 new build¬ feet of cor¬ ings known ridor length as the “Fed¬ in its seven eral Trian- stories ; g 1 e,” cut more than like some 27,000,000 mamm oth cubic feet piece of pie of space in between all; some Pennsyl¬ 3,000 rooms vania and and 34 ele¬ Constitu¬ vators (and tion Ave¬ that hardly nues, flaunts enough to 685 DETAILS ON THE FOLGER - SHAKES¬ PEARE LIBRARY

Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, its compilation and distribution of econom¬ ic data, its technical services. But do they know that the big Com¬ merce Building also houses the Bureau of Air Commerce — of fast-growing value to civil flying, air mail and air express — an organization which has just completed an air¬ mapping survey of the whole United States? That here is the Census Bureau, and the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey whose charts protect the mariner along our shores? The Patent Office, annually filing some 62,000 ap¬ plications for mechani¬ cal and design patents, trade marks, etc? And the Bureaus of Fisher¬ ies; of Lighthouses; Navigation and Steam¬ boat Inspection; and the NR A? Practically every of¬ fice machine known to Photo by Horydczak man is used in Com¬ merce to carry on its move its thousands of employees who swarm in and diversified work. Along its halls echoes a ceaseless out like bees of a giant beehive). Figures are industrial symphony made up of mechanical voices dull, but how else can you gauge the magnitude of ranging from the typewriter and adding machine to Commerce? Eighty miles of concrete piling to punching, sorting and tabulating machines. Through support the building; 16,400 tons of structural half open doors you see equipment for experts— steel; 2,000 carloads of Indiana limestone in its photographic materials, shelves of law books, wall construction; thousands of tons of stone and marble maps showing population, airports, commodity shipped from Minnesota. Missouri, Vermont — in movements. itself no mean problem; 27,000 tons of North Caro¬ There’s the “machine that thinks,” the Coast and lina and West Virginia terra cotta; still more tons Geodetic tide-predicting apparatus which auto¬ of tiling, and millions of bricks! matically gives times and heights of the tide for ‘"The Department of Commerce,” says a facade any part of the world and for any year. And a inscription, . . stimulates progress of America 14-ton camera, the world’s largest and most accu¬ upon land and sea and in the air . . Its corri¬ rate of its kind, used for map reproduction. dors hum with an amazing variety of activities to Visitors gasp at the huge cafeteria which seats further that progress. Consuls know all about the nearly a thousand employees. Hundreds come 686 every day and Sunday to see the modern aquarium, If the casual tourist fails to find in the “classi¬ next door to the cafeteria. Some are interested in cal dignity” of this structure much to remind him lobby exhibits, in the scientific library, or in the of hard, practical life in mine and factory, he can consolidated Department Library containing more at least see drama in the human story told in than 200,000 publications. Others are content paintings of the Public Works Art Project hung merely to stand outside and compare great dimen¬ along first-floor corridors, and in its vivid exhibit sions of this building with other, near great, rivals. tracing the development of American labor. The That’s Commerce. Some once said it was too painful transition period between agriculturalism big; that its usefulness would never justify the and industrialism, the swift evolution of the ma¬ cost. One thing is certain, there is no grass grow¬ chine age, economic upheavals that shook the ing in its halls. workers’ world, and individual heroism and toil THE WORKER’S VOICE bringing gradual progress—all these are part of Across the street from the big fellow of the the exhibit, a graphic presentation of the always Triangle is the “baby” Department, headed by the dramatic struggle between man and his created only woman to hold a cabinet post. For the first machines against an opposing environment. time in its 22 years of life, the Labor Department By a novel architectural arrangement, Labor is now has quarters of its own in which to carry on joined with its twin, the Interstate Commerce its vital work, touching the lives of men, women Commission, by a Connecting Wing, in itself an and children. Here in one place, at last, is its entity. Yet, though both buildings shine with excellent library, holding what has been called the newness, duplicating east and west wings of what most comprehensive collection of labor and social seems to be one giant building, inside they are as welfare material in the country, to which are regu¬ different in feeling as the work they do. “The larly added official journals and various social Children’s Bureau,” “Women’s Bureau,” “U. S. statistics from 57 nations. Employment and Conciliation Service,” names on

Photo by Horydczak THE NEW UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT BUILDING 687 Labor’s roster, have the sound of human relations, against such abstractions as “Finance,” “Statistics,” and “Valuation” of Interstate Commerce. Joining the two, the Connecting Wing belongs to neither. Here is a gold and cream and blue audi¬ torium for Government use, with a seating capac¬ ity of some 2,000, dwarfing even the formerly “largest” assembly room of Commerce, while in its basement, a “help yourself” lunchroom mav ac¬ commodate another two thousand. The new Washington, you reflect, knows only big numbers!

AT THE SIGN OF THE STAMP Large figures are popular, too, in the new Post Office Building next door, where “Big Jim” Far¬ ley, they boast, has lifted that Department out of the red into the black. Visitors delight in the spacious, odd-shaped in¬ ner courts; its cloister-like arcades with swinging bronze lamps; in the varied symbolism of outside building decorations. One’s admiration for this $10,000,000 structure (with its splendid sweep of curved architecture) is only slightly tempered by certain difficulties encountered in finding the way about it, and by a slight dizziness caused by watch¬ ing an apparently reasonable corridor curve out of sight. On the second floor, too, indented archways have a habit of popping up to bar passage, neces¬ sitating climbing to the third floor and descending on the other side—only to find the number sought in another part of the building. But to your enthusiastic stamp collector, such obstacles are nothing compared with the pleasure in a philatelic exhibit on the sixth floor. “They nearly lose their minds,” said the young curator, “over this collection of authentic reproductions of paintings from which now rare stamps were made.” Here is the original record book of stamp shipments to postmasters dated July 1, 1847; a collection of all U. S. stamps from 1847 to date, and of foreign stamps for the last four years; as well as that famous cancellation machine used by the Byrd Expedition in the Antarctic. There are even the latest issues of philatelic magazines stacked on a convenient table. . . . “They don’t encourage sightseers here,” said a man at the Federal Temple of Taxes—the Internal

Photo by Horydezak THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT FIRST GREETS THE VISITOR GAZING UPON THE CAPITAL’S SKYLINE FROM A DISTANCE. THIS GREAT SHAFT IS MIRRORED IN THE SMOOTH WATERS OF THE REFLECTING POOL, WHILE THE LI¬ BRARY OF CONGRESS. THE NEW NATIONAL MUSEUM, AND OTHER LARGE GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS ARE IN THE DISTANCE

688 Photo by Horydczak AN UNUSUAL VIEW OF THE UNITED STATES CAPITOL FROM THE EAGLE ATOP THE NEW ARCHIVES BUILDING

Revenue Building. “People who call usually have business. Anyway, we’ve no exciting exhibits to show the public generally.” Yet the building it¬ self, first of the group to be completed in 1930, attracts its quota of interest, even in competition with the much discussed headquarters of Justice.

POPULAR JUSTICE In a driving rain we scurried across from the Tenth Street door of Internal Revenue to Washing¬ ton’s most widely advertised Department. Hardly a man, woman or child hut has heard of the “G. Men” with their amazing record of crime smash¬ ing.* And the Bureau of Investigation is, after all, only one of the capable organizations—includ¬ ing the Bureau of Prisons, responsible for 19 Fed¬ eral camps, reformatories, and prisons—whose ac¬ tivities reach out over the nation from the new Justice Building, occupying a solid city block. In the rain, its smooth blocks of gray-streaked limestone, its dark granite-faced entrances, its dull aluminum window frames and massive doors blend somberly into blurred outlines of the structure’s severe right-angle design. By contrast, inside cheer¬ ful lights reflect blue, cream and silver decorated ceilings, shining metal decorations, gleaming ele¬ vators. Bright mosaic work and symbolic lobby figures tell of events from the world’s legal his¬ tory. “And it isn’t finished yet,” they say. In places splashes of color only partly complete outlines; wall spaces have been left for extensive murals. You smell wet plaster and see big canvases still covering a few spots. “I watched this building grow from a hole in the ground,” said an official. “Because of that un¬ derground stream—the old Tiber that ran through town—we had to use extra caissons and piles for its foundation. Even now automatic pumps are always on duty to force out water when it gets to a certain level. “As each floor was finished we moved in, be¬ ginning with the seventh. When we were all set¬ tled,” he continued, “we had to choose between a garage and a cafeteria. A 150-car garage beneath that three-ton aluminum fountain you see dripping in the rain out there in our big court, was the result!” Modern equipment and time-saving devices tes¬ tify to the Department’s interest in usefulness as (Continued to page 719)

*See “Uncle Sam’s School for Sleuths,” in the August, 1935, FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL.

689 Icdims

By BURTON H. LAMORE, Department of State

THE icdim is a hitherto unclassified (but very self) with blood. That is why he gives the trans¬ well known) predatory monster, so called lator a pain in the neck. Being always taken by because of its feeding cry, “I could do it myself.” surprise and therefore unprepared for defense, There is, by the way, a sub-species known as translators fear the ambulatory icdim even more “Icadims” (I could almost do it myself), but in than the hermit icdim. The ambulatory icdim has this discussion the word “Icdim” includes both. a slight variation of the customary feeding cry, Among the characteristics by which it may i. e. “I could do it myself in a jiffy.” Strictly be readily identified is the disproportionately speaking, they should be called “icdimiajs,” but small size of the brain comparable to that of an we will not draw the line so closely, unless it is earth worm. Translators are absolutely indis¬ around the monster’s neck. pensable to icdims. This fact may be summed The migratory icdim. up by the expression, “No translators, no icdims, but the converse of this proposition is not true. So called because it is connected with supposed¬ In fact, translators would be immeasurably strong¬ ly temporary agencies and comes from a distance. er, happier, and healthier without the icdims. Most icdims of this variety come from New York There are several traits in common between to which it is devoutly hoped they will soon re¬ icdims and vampires. Both feed on human blood, turn. It is noted for its great ferocity and self as¬ but the icdim ingests only the blood of trans¬ surance, the latter being due to the almost com¬ lators. There are some marked differ¬ plete absence of a brain. Its habits are ences, however. The vampire sleeps dur¬ much the same as those of the ambulatory ing the day, which is precisely tbe time icdim only more so. In other words, its when the icdim is most active. The vam¬ characteristics are like everything coming pire’s bite is likely to prove fatal in a from New York, greatly exaggerated. It short time, while the icdim’s bite merely even has the ability to stun its victim over saps the vitality of its victim and shortens the phone by adding the mystic words, his life. The first symptom of the icdim’s “And make it snappy.” bite is a prodigious and very annoying swelling A magnificent specimen of the migratory icdim of the head, strangely enough, not of the trans¬ is on exhibition at the translator’s headquarters. lator’s, but of the icdim’s head. It measures seven feet from stem to stern, the head being smaller than that of a chicken. Just SPECIES AND VARIETIES how it was ambushed and killed will never be The hermit icdim. known. From the foregoing, it might appear that the The hermit icdim practices something akin translator is completely at the mercy of the icdim, to voodooism. It is well known that, in order to but such is not the case. The former has at his exercise his malignant influence, the voodoo doc¬ disposal a simple and very effective means of de¬ tor or priest must have in his possession some¬ flating his oppressor. If, immediately after the thing that has formed a part of his victim’s body icdim approaches him with its customary cry, “I or has been in close contact with it, such as could do it myself,” the translator replies sharply, strands of hair, nail parings, combs, etc. “Then, why don’t you,” the effect is like that of a Likewise, the hermit icdim must have in his crucifix on a vampire. He will turn ashen gray, possession some of the translator’s work. This shrivel to about one-third his normal size, in¬ enables him to summon the translator at will to continently turn tail and flee. his lair. Once within reach, the icdim falls upon At this point the question arises as to why, the translator with his dreadful cry, and does not when so simple a form of exorcism is available, loosen his hold until the victim totters out, faint the translator tolerates the attacks of the icdim. from loss of blood. The answer is not easy, but it must be borne in The ambulatory icdim. mind that the appearance of a blood swollen icdim Unlike the hermit icdim, the ambulatory vic¬ is so terrifying to a translator, that he sometimes tim goes in search of his prey, fastens himself on lacks the presence of mind to recall the magic the translator’s throat, and gorges himself (or her¬ formula. 690 It may also be asked why translators who have PICTORIAL SERVICE REGISTER not memorized this formula do not simply shoot the icdims on sight, and have done with them. The publication is contemplated, possibly in We must remember, however, that silver bullets the early part of 1936, of a complete pictorial are not always available and that the law, in this register of the American Foreign Service, as a sup¬ respect, is somewhat backward, as there are still plement to one of the regular issues of the legal provisions in effect which interfere with the JOURNAL. translator’s freedom of action in the matter. There The present plans cover a supplement containing is reason to suppose, however, that remedial leg¬ photographs of the officer personnel of the For¬ islation on this point is in course of preparation, eign Service and its establishments abroad. It and that some day there will be an icdimless would include the photographs of the President, world in which translators will thrive as they the Secretary of State, the Under Secretary, the have never thriven before. Assistant Secretaries, the chiefs of the various Di¬ visions of the Department, all Ambassadors and Ministers, all Foreign Service Officers (Career) and all non-career officers, as well as pictures of TRUTHFUL FISHERMAN every Embassy, Legation, and consular office. To THE EDITOR: Although the initial estimates indicate that the You kindly asked me for an account of my win¬ cost of production of a pictorial register would ning of a prize locally for catching a BIG fish, as be several thousand dollars, the JOURNAL staff is reported in the local papers (ordinary, not Extra, now working on a plan whereby it is hoped to be edition). Here is the fish story, in the form of a able to furnish every officer in the American For¬ synopsis. eign Service with a copy gratis. A part of this Third prize was taken in a contest held by a plan calls for the cooperation of each officer to local fishing-goods store, for catching a five-pound the extent of donating his photograph and each rock fish in the Severn River in Maryland. post donating a picture of its building. The fish was caught by trolling (a sport equal The JOURNAL requests, therefore, that every of¬ to that of looking for that circular instruction you ficer and every office in the Foreign Service for¬ once saw) from a small rowboat manned by the ward as soon as possible pictures prepared ac¬ Brandt family. Crew nearly lost overboard in cording to the following specifications: excitement. Photographs (Officers). To be of recent date, of uni¬ form size, two inches wide and three inches long, Boat immediately headed for home with one of covering head and shoulders, and preferably with glossy the family sitting on the fish to it from jump¬ finish for publication purposes. Two of the leading ing overboard. Fish entirely out of breath when photographers in Washington have indicated that if an officer has his photograph on file with them they will, boat reached shore. Crew nearly so. at his request and upon receipt of $2.00 from him for¬ Fish placed on exhibition over week-end at ward to the JOURNAL a photograph 2 inches by 3 inches country store. Entire neighborhood aroused by in dimension, for publication purposes. Many officers may find this a convenient procedure to follow. Each catch. Meetings held during which old residents photo should have the pertinent officer’s name printed referred to their oft-repeated statements that there lightly in pencil on the reverse side. were fish in that river and resolutions passed to Pictures (Buildings). Pictures of exteriors of embassies, go fishing in the morning, provided the sun was missions and consular offices preferably should be about well up, the water calm, the rod and tackle could 3 inches by 5 inches, with glossy finish. They should be found, the fish were biting and there was noth¬ be clearly but lightly labelled on the reverse side in pencil. Brief descriptions should accompany the pic¬ ing else to do. tures of buildings to include appropriate information Fish brought to Washington and entered in the such as the part occupied by the Foreign Service, contest. Priced for mounting. Price $18. Fish whether occupied by more than one branch of the For¬ eign Service or other United States Government Service, for dinner, instead. whether government owned, and whether used for resi¬ GEORGE L. BRANDT. dence. If a good picture is not already available it is believed that through the cooperation of, and with a P. S. First and second prize-winners caught small expense to, the officers at the post a satisfactory nine-pound rock fish in other waters near Wash¬ picture may be obtained. ington. The great difference in size between the All correspondence regarding the SUPPLE¬ first and second-prize winning fish and the third MENT should be addressed to C. Paul Fletcher, prize-winning fish was mainly due to the fact that Treasurer of the JOURNAL, who will edit the Sup¬ only three fish were entered in the contest. plement in cooperation with the other members of G. L. B. the magazine’s staff. 691 PRIZE ESSAY COMPETITION Prizes in the essay competition were awarded on November 14, 1935, as follows: 1. The Utility of a Trained and Permanent For¬ eign Service: Vol. XII 935 First Prize: . Allen, Vice Consul, Pat¬ ras, Greece. $1,500.00. PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AMERICAN FOREIGN Second Prize: G. Howland Shaw, Counselor of SERVICE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. Embassy, Istanbul, Turkey. $1,000.00.

The American Foreign Service Journal is open to subscrip¬ Third Prize: Leo D. Sturgeon, Foreign Service tion in the United States and abroad at the rate of $4.00 a Officer, Class 6, Department of State, year, or 35 cents a copy, payable to the American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State, Washington, D. C. Washington (now at Manchester). $350.00. This publication vs not official and material appearing herein 2. The Causes and Effects of Government Con¬ represents only the personal opinions of its authors, or of indi¬ viduals quoted, unless otherwise specifically indicated. trol of Foreign Exchange:

Copyright, 1935, by the American Foreign Service Association First Prize: James W. Gantenbein, Third Sec¬ retary of Legation, Santo Domingo, Domi¬ nican Republic. $1,500.00. JOURNAL STAFF Second Prize: Wm. Ware Adams, Vice Consul, Berlin, Germany. $1,000.00. HERBERT S. BURSLEY Editor Third Prize: Homer Brett, Consul, Rotterdam, PAUL H. ALLING The . $350.00. HOWARD BUCKNELL, JR. — ^Editorial Board Announcement of the competition, open only to LOWELL C. PINKERTON .. Foreign Service Officers on active duty, including HARRY A. MCBRIDE ... .Business Manager those officers promoted to the rank of Ambassador C. PAUL FLETCHER Treasurer and Minister and on active duty, was made on February 2, 1935. Prior to July 1, 1935, the clos¬ The American Foreign ing date, 37 essays were received by the judges Service Association on the first of the subjects mentioned above and 30 on the subject of foreign exchange. The awards were paid from funds made avail¬ The American Foreign Service Association is an unofficial and able to the Honorable Robert Woods Bliss, for¬ voluntary association of the members of The Foreign Service merly Ambassador to Argentina. of the United States. It was formed for the purpose of fos. tering esprit de corps among the members of the Foreign Serv¬ All of the essays were read and graded by ice and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its members for the improvement of the Service. each member of the Committee of Judges: The Honorable Newton D. Baker Honorary President The Honorable Robert Woods Bliss CORDELL HULL , Secretary of State The Honorable William Y. Elliott The Honorable Irwin Laughlin Honorary Vice-Presidents The Honorable William Phillips WILLIAM PHILLIPS.— Under Secretary of State It is understood to have been tlie consensus of WILBUR J. CARR Assistant Secretary of State opinion of the Judges that the experiment offered ROBERT WALTON MOORE Assistant Secretary of State in this competition was worth undertaking. It is FRANCIS B. SAYRE Assistant Secretary of State understood further that the initiator of the con¬ SUMNER WELLES Assistant Secretary of State test and the Judges hope that it may be repeated at some future time. JOHN CAMPBELL WHITE— ..President JOURNAL DOUGLAS JENKINS - Vice-President The offers to the initiator of the con¬ RUDOLF E. SCHOE.NFEI.D Secretary-Treasurer test, who contributed the awards, and to the Judges its thanks for their participation in this undertak¬ ing in the interest of the American Foreign Serv¬ EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ice. To the successful contestants, the JOURNAL T. M. WILSON, Chairman; E. L. REED, Vice-Chairman; J. F. SIMMONS, H. S. BURSLEY, RUDOLF E. SCHOENFELD. offers congratulations. Alternates Plans are being made for the publication of J. F. MCGURK, LOWELL C. PINKERTON several of the foreign exchange essays in early issues of the JOURNAL. Efforts are being made also Entertainment Committee: JOHN FARR SIMMONS, Chairman, to complete arrangements for the publication of JULIUS C. HOLMES and DAVID MCK. KFY several of the essays on the Foreign Service. 692 Notes From the Department

The Secretary, during the last month, has made In a radio address on November 6 entitled a series of announcements both in his press con¬ “Our Foreign Policy With Respect to Neutrality,” ferences and in his public statements which serve delivered for him by Undersecretary William Phil¬ as a useful guide to the policy of this Administra¬ lips, the Secretary said in part: tion in the conduct of its foreign relations. On “Because of the generally unsettled world con¬ October 28, at his press conference, he said that ditions, and the existence of hostilities between since the beginning of the Ethiopian-Italian con¬ two powers with which we are on terms of friend¬ troversy he had stated repeatedly that this Gov¬ ship, the only phase of our "foreign policy’ upper¬ ernment is pursuing its own initiative and its own most in the minds of our people today is that of separate independent course without collaboration neutrality. * * * and without any agreements with other govern¬ “Since the days of Grotius, neutrality has passed ments or agencies abroad. On October 30, again through several stages of evolution. No nation at his press conference, the Secretary reiterated has done more toward its development than has the fact that this Department is continuing to give the United States. In 1794 Congress passed our the most diligent and earnest attention to all first neutrality act, temporary in character, cov¬ phases of the situation as it relates to the Ethio- ering a variety of subjects. In 1818 permanent pian-Italian controversy. He said that he reiter¬ legislation on these subjects was passed. This leg¬ ated and desired to call special attention to the islation formed the basis of the British act of a definite implication and the effect of the policy similar character of 1819, known as the British of this Government to discourage dealings with Foreign Enlistment Act. Other legislation has the two belligerent nations as set forth in the been passed by Congress from time to time, in¬ President’s public statement of October 5 and his cluding that enacted during the World War—I own statement of October 10 warning American refer particularly to the act of June 15. 1917— citizens not to trade with the belligerents except and that enacted as recently as the last session at their own risk. He added that the policy of of Congress—the Joint Resolution approved Au¬ the Government as thus defined rests primarily gust 31, 1935. This last mentioned Resolution, upon the recent Neutrality Act designed to keep intended to supplement prior legislation, is de¬ the nation out of war and upon the further signed primarily to keep the United States out of purpose not to aid in protracting the war. He foreign ivars. * * * said: “It is my opinion that our citizens will not “Any discussion of the avoidance of war, or of be disposed to insist upon transactions to derive the observance of neutrality in the event of war, war profits at the expense of human lives and would be wholly incomplete if too much stress human misery. In this connection, I again repeat were laid on the part played in the one or the that an early peace with the restoration of normal other by the shipment, or the embargoing of the business and normal business profits is far sounder shipment, of arms, ammunition, and implements and far preferable to temporary and risky war of war. The shipment of arms is not the only way profits.” and, in fact, is not the principal way by which 693 our commerce with foreign nations may lead to fluence toward the prevention of war and the serious international difficulties. To assume that miseries that attend and follow in its wake. For by placing an embargo on arms we are making after all, if peace obtains problems regarding ourselves secure from dangers of conflict with neutrality will not arise.” belligerent countries is to close our eyes to mani¬ fold dangers in other directions. The imposition Since the last issue of the Journal, the Secre¬ of an arms embargo is not a complete panacea tary and Mrs. Hull spent a short vacation at Pine- and we cannot assume that when provision has hurst, North Carolina. The Secretary returned to been made to stop the shipment of arms, which meet the Prime Minister of Canada with whom he as absolute contraband have always been regard¬ held a number of conversations resulting in the an¬ ed as subject to seizure by a belligerent, we may nouncement by the President on November 11 that complacently sit back with the feeling that we are an agreement had been reached regarding the pend¬ secure from all danger. Attempts by a belligerent ing trade agreement with Canada. to exercise jurisdiction on the high seas over trade with its enemy, or with other neutral countries on Assistant Secretary Sayre made an address before the theory that the latter are supplying the enemy, the Chicago World Trade Conference at Chicago on may give rise to difficulties no less serious than October 23. In this speech Mr. Sayre said, among those resulting from the exportation of arms and other things: implements of war. So also transactions of any “It must be obvious to all that broadly speak¬ kind between American nationals and a belliger¬ ing no nation can continue indefinitely to buy ent may conceivably lead to difficulties of one more than it can pay for either with the proceeds kind or another between the nationals and that from sales of goods or services or from its for¬ belligerent. Efforts of this Government to extend eign investments. True it can fill the gap for a protection to these nationals might lead to diffi¬ short time from its gold stocks or by borrowing culties between the United States and the belliger¬ abroad; but ultimately its gold stocks will be con¬ ent. It was with these thoughts in mind that the sumed and its credit reduced to a point where President issued his timely warning that citizens further continued excesses of purchases over sales of the United States who engage in transactions will be impossible. The broad fact remains that of any character with either belligerent would do a nation’s purchases are inescapably limited by its so at their own risk. sales. Unless the people of a nation can sell, they “* * * I conceive it to be our duty and in have neither purchasing power nor foreign ex¬ the interest of our country and of humanity, not change to pay for the goods they would like to only to remain aloof from dispute and conflicts buy. with which we have no direct concern, but also “* * * A nation’s long-term credits or indebted¬ to use our influence in any appropriate way to ness will have its effect on its international bal¬ bring about the peaceful settlement of international ance sheet, and this effect may call for consider¬ differences. Our own interest and our duty as able excesses of imports or of exports for an a great power forbid that we shall sit idly by and extended period of time. Whether a country’s for¬ watch the development of hostilities with a feel¬ eign trade should show an excess of imports or of ing of self-sufficiency and complacency when by exports and the approximate amount of the ex¬ the use of our influence, short of becoming in¬ cess should be governed in the long run by the volved in the dispute itself, we might prevent or state of the nation’s long-term indebtedness or lessen the scourge of war. In short, our policy credits. International accounts must be in bal¬ as a member of the community of nations should ance. Unless there is reason for still further in¬ be twofold—first to avoid being brought into a debtedness a debtor nation should, generally speak¬ ing, show a continuing excess of exports and a war and second, to promote as far as possible the x interests of international peace and good will. A creditor nation an excess of imports. virile policy, tempered with prudent caution is “To bring our international accounts into necessary if we are to retain the respect of other proper balance, if we are to avoid necessitating nations, and at the same time hold our position further gold shipments from Europe or increased of influence for peace and international stability European indebtedness, either the United States in the family of nations. must reduce its credit items or increase its debit “In summary, while our primary aims should items. The two outstanding credit items apart be to avoid involvement in other people’s diffi¬ from capital movements are exports and returns culties and hence to lessen our chances of being from foreign investments. Neither of these can drawn into a war, we should, on appropriate oc¬ we afford to reduce. casions and within reasonable bounds, use our in¬ “The vital dependence of American agriculture 694 and industry upon foreign markets makes it impos¬ sible to cut still further our already shrunken ex¬ ports. To do so would spell far-reaching dislo¬ cations in our national life, increased unemploy¬ ment and widespread suffering. Indeed, we must do more than maintain, we must increase very substantially—our present volume of exports. The American people, I trust, will not he content to allow their exports to remain permanently at last year’s figure of approximately two billion dollars, when for the five years of 1925-29 we en¬ joyed exports of approximately five billion dol¬ lars a year. Increased exports spell domestic prosperity. “Neither will the American people rest con¬ tent with the present reduced income froin their long-term foreign investments, many of which are at present paying a diminished or no return. * * * “The soundest, if not indeed the only sound way of keeping our current accounts in balance, lies through a substantial and healthy increase of imports. In many directions, the United States can afford to increase its import trade to its own profit. A substantial portion of our import trade is non-competitive, and the area of non-competi¬ tive commodities can be enlarged. A balanced increase of both imports and exports offers the Harris & Ewing only practicable and safe pathway along which LAURENCE DUGGAN our country can proceed if it would avoid con¬ tributing to further economic and financial dislo¬ NEW CHIEF OF LA cations wdiich can bring our economic structures down upon us like a house of cards. Mr. Laurence Duggan, Assistant Chief of the “It is precisely in this direction that the latest Division of Latin American Affairs, has been des¬ figures published by the Department of Com¬ ignated Chief of the Division of Latin American merce indicate we are moving. * * * Affairs of the Department of State. He assumed “I can readily appreciate the fundamental ob¬ the duties of his new office on October 24, 1935. jection which at once arises in the minds of many American producers with the mention of increased imports dropped from 44 hundred million dol¬ imports. * * * This rests upon the mistaken as¬ lars to 13 hundred million,—to less than a third sumption that every dollar’s worth of imports of their former value. At the same time our un¬ displaces in American markets a corresponding employment figures soared to unprecedented amount of American goods to the injury of Ameri¬ heights. The staggering decrease in imports went can labor and of American producers. * * * hand in hand with, not increased employment of “This assumption runs exactly contrary to the American workers, but staggering unemployment. actual figures. Increases of imports have not in Since 1932 our imports have begun slowly to rise. fact resulted in decreased domestic employment; This rise in imports has been accompanied by a neither have decreases in imports residted in in¬ general rise in American employment. * * * creased domestic employment. The outstanding “The latest figures indicate that at last America refutation of the false assumption is our own is finding it possible to balance her international country’s experience during the past ten years. In accounts in a way which will promote and not re¬ the latter part of the 1920’s we were prosperous tard general economic recovery. We cannot rea¬ beyond our dreams. Wages rose to their high¬ sonably expect a lasting recovery and a stable est level; unemployment was at a minimum. Yet prosperity in the United States until the forces during this decade our imports were steadily of economic recovery gain a world wide ascend¬ mounting until in 1929 their value reached the ency. Indications give promise that unless war enormous figure of 44 hundred million dollars. again wrecks our efforts and our hopes we are Between 1929 and 1932 the value of our annual appreciably moving in this direction.” 695 News from the Field

ROTTERDAM Mr. Lawrence Salisbury was host to Mrs. Cabot Coville, Miss Carol Grosvenor, Miss E. Foote, and Two active members of the Share-the-Wealth Consul Harry Stevens in the course of the summer. movement made an official call at the Consulate Other visitors to Peiping were Vice Consul An¬ at Rotterdam on the 27th of September at or about drew W. Edson, Third Secretary and Mrs. George midnight. They ripped open the back of the safe D. Andrews, Consul and Mrs. George D. LaMont, and abstracted the cash box, which they took Vice Consul Walter P. McConaughty, Vice Con¬ into another room and rifled of cash. They were sul John C. Pool, Consul General Joseph W. Bal- considerate enough not to take any checks or lentine, and Mrs. Ida Florence Helmick. Mrs. money orders, which would have been of no use Helmick intended to prolong her stay into the au¬ to them, but the loss of which would have been tumn before returning to resume residence with very inconvenient to the Consulate. They were her son, Judge Milton J. Helmick, in Shanghai. careful to use rubber gloves so as to leave no Consul Gordon L. Burke passed through Shang¬ finger prints. hai late in September en route to his post at Foo¬ This precaution, however, did not totally de¬ chow. Mrs. Burke and daughter remained in the feat the Rotterdam police. When they were in¬ United States for the Christmas season. formed, about 3 A. M., that a suspicious person Vice Consul and Mrs. Julius Wadsworth vaca¬ had been seen leaving the Consulate they pro¬ tioned in , as did Consul General and Mrs. ceeded immediately to the abode of a certain Monnet B. Davis. Consul and Mrs. Clark Vyse wealth sharer and found in his room 150 guilders spent part of September in Ruling. and $41, as well as two old pairs of eyeglasses R. P. B. and a microscope belonging to Consul Brett, the possession of which he could not explain. Un¬ fortunately, he apparently had a companion in BELFAST the enterprise who took approximately half of the loot and has not yet been apprehended. The The U. S. S. Monaghan, destroyer, Commander total loss, therefore, stands at $116, which is R. R. Thompson commanding, visited Belfast Oc¬ bad, but like most things, “It might have been tober 4-8, as the first port of call after crossing worse,” as blank passports and fee-stamps, which the Atlantic from Boston on a “shakedown” cruise. were in the same safe, were not disturbed. Officers and crew received a very cordial welcome from the people of Northern Ireland, who showed H. B. them much hospitality. The fact that the vessel is named after a naval hero of Irish extraction was commented upon locally. CHINA NOTES Mr. Kermit Roosevelt, Vice President of the In¬ A number of friends of the American Minister ternational Mercantile Marine, New York, visited and Mrs. Johnson visited them at their home in Belfast on October 10. He stated that a weekly Peiping at various periods during the summer. passenger and freight shipping service from Bel¬ Among them were Judge Milton J. Helmick, who fast docks direct to New York in place of the held a session of the United States Court for China present fortnightly service is in contemplation by from July 1-9, and Mrs. P. R. Josselyn and three the United States Lines. The two steamers at children, en route to Peitaho for the summer, present in operation will, it is stated, soon be where Consul General Josselyn joined her later. supplemented by a third. 696 BRISBANE PARIS Consul and Mrs. Albert M. Doyle, Sydney, AU CONSULAT DES 6TATS-UNIS New South Wales, spent two days’ leave in Bris¬ (Following a report that a woman was now the dictator bane renewing old friendships. They were enter¬ of one of the American States.) tained at dinner by Consul and Mrs. A. R. Preston prior to attending a dance given at the Royal Queensland Golf Club for the visiting British Women’s Golf Team. Consuls Doyle and Preston availed themselves of the opportunity of continu¬ ing a golfing feud commenced on a Sydney links last year, and the score is now even. As a com¬ bination, however, they had a 3 and 2 win over their Australian opponents. Vice Consul Bernard C. Connelly, Melbourne, was in port one day en route to the United States on leave of absence. A. R. P.

Petit Parisien SCANDINAVIA “Oh! John—More Fisa Applications!” On September 22nd last North Winship gave a As Edwin Plitt says in forwarding this cartoon, it’s too stag-dinner in in celebration of his had the visa officers depicted don’t resemble more closely twenty-fifth anniversary in the Foreign Service, Marc Severe and John Fuqua of the Paris Consulate having taken charge of his first post as Consul at General. Tahiti on September 22, 1910. Twenty-six colleagues and representatives of The high-light of the past three months at Oslo leading American interests were present, Addison has been the arrival of the new Minister, Anthony E. Southard acting as toastmaster. J. Drexel Biddle, Jr., and Mrs. Biddle, on Sep¬ Cables from the Secretary of State and the tember 2nd. It has not taken them long to get Minister to Denmark, now on vacation, were read into the swing of official life. Mrs. Biddle has and a number of short informal speeches of con¬ been exceptionally brave in venturing a bridge gratulation made. party for two hundred as a benefit for the Ameri¬ The menu, which is given herewith, was a chron¬ can Woman’s Club when most newcomers would icle of the eight posts held by Winship, and each still be getting the odd bit of furniture arranged. course was served in the manner typical of the The Minister and Mrs. Biddle have already different countries: “done” Bergen, where they spent three days. Dur¬ Menu ing their stay they were entertained by the Mer¬ chants’ Association, the Engineers’ Club, and Mr. SEPTEMBER 22, 1910. SEPTEMBER 22, 1935. Bull-Ovrevik, the President of the latter organiza¬ CONSULAR COCKTAILS, TAHITI tion. Vice Consul Brigg A. Perkins, who was POTAGE OWEN SOUND then in charge at Bergen, introduced the Biddles at an entertainment for the consular corps. HOMARD ST. PETERSBOURG FILET DE BOEUF A LA MILANAISE The Minister and Mrs. Steinhardt left Stock¬ BOMBAY DUCK holm on September 22nd for a few weeks’ stay in SALADE DE FIUME the United States and were expected back early in PYRAMIDES DE CAIRE November. The Legation is in charge of Coun¬ GATEAUX RAMLEH selor of Legation Addison E. Southard. CORBEILLE DE FRUITS A LA COPENHAGUE Minister Ruth Bryan Owen left Copenhagen CAFE CONSEILLER September 15th for leave in the United States. She spent part of her time while on board ship writing chapters of her new book on Denmark. KRUG BRUT 1921 Her return for Christmas is expected. MARGAUX ROYAL ROYAL DOM PEDRO Secretary Cyril L. F. Thiel, leaving Helsingfors LIQUEURS (Continued to page 729) 697 A Political Bookshelf

CYRIL WYNNE, Review Editor

POLICIES AND OPINIONS AT PARIS, 1919; WIL¬ that they show either an inability or an unwilling¬ SONIAN DIPLOMACY, TI-IE VERSAILLES PEACE AND ness to comprehend the great ideal involved in the FRENCH PUBLIC OPINION. By George Bernard internationalism of Woodrow Wilson. The con¬ Noble. (New York, The Macmillan Company, stant theme of the press is the sufferings of France 1935, Pp. x, 405. $3.50.) and the French people and the compensation which should be awarded because of the sufferings in The author maintains that the French press question. Such an attitude may have been justi¬ (Paris and provincial) played no mean role in fied; certainly it was natural. The great war Presi¬ influencing the proceedings of the Peace Confer¬ dent, however, saw things with a different vision. ence at Paris. He advances some interesting argu¬ Woodrow Wilson was a lonely man in Paris. ments, supported by an abundance of documenta¬ c. w. tion, to prove his case. Professor Noble probably succeeds in proving it, but in doing so he leaves JOHN JAY: DEFENDER OF LIBERTY. By Frank one with the irritating feeling that he might have Monaghan. (The Bobbs-Merrill Company, New brought out a little more clearly the extent to York and Indianapolis. 1935. $4.00.) which Clemenceau controlled the press and used that control to strengthen the position of France In the spring elections of 1800 the Republicans at the Conference. All of which brings up the de¬ captured the New York legislature. Since New lightful query as to whether, in the last analysis, York would be the deciding state, and since the it was Clemenceau and not the press, except as it legislature would choose New York’s presidential served to sharpen the claws of “Le Tigre,” that in¬ electors, Jefferson’s election seemed assured. But fluenced the Conference in its deliberations. Hamilton, dismayed at the prospect of having “an Professor Noble very wisely does not attempt to atheist in Religion and a fanatic in politics” at the give a conclusive answer to the question but he helm of state, saw a way out—a way to steal the does collect the evidence and presents it to the election. He would have the old Federalist legis¬ reader. He also stimulates the interest of the lature judiciously redistrict the state and provide reader by touching (perhaps too lightly) on the for the popular election of presidential electors so connection between the press, the banks, the Comite that New York would choose five or six Federalist des Forges, the munitions makers and—the press electors, instead of a solid block of Republicans, censor. Each one of the chapters or sections of and so keep John Adams in the presidency. The the book giving the history of the more important only objection to this plan was that it was dis¬ problems before the Conference contain a discus¬ honest. And the governor of New York, who was sion of what the diplomats did—or tried to do— an honest man, rejected the plan, thus ensuring in the way of solving them; the statement is then the election of his political foe, Thomas Jefferson. followed by carefully selected comments from the The governor of New York in 1800 was John French press. As the author has apparently read Jay, one of the finest and most impeccable figures every newspaper and periodical that was published among the founding fathers. Frank Monaghan’s in France in 1919 and as he has had access to the excellent biography of Jay teems with examples, relevant official documents in the Hoover War like the story of the New York elections of 1800, Library, the discussion contains few statements of of Jay’s shining virtues, integrity and strength of fact that can be questioned. It may be added that character. Monaghan admits that Jay, while a the manner in which Professor Noble has digested student at Columbia, apparently found no difficulty the vast amount of newspaper material is remark¬ in obeying the many curious college regulations able not only because of the extent of the work against such offenses as drunkenness, “Lying, involved, but also because of his ability to reduce Theft, Swearing, Cursing, or any other scandalous the results of that work to brief selections and immorality.” He describes Governor George Clin¬ concise statements. ton’s bibulous dinners, the prevalence of gambling In reading over the selections and comments at pharaoh and dice, the cock fighting, and other from the French papers one is struck by the fact “scandalous and heaven-provoking improprieties” 698 THE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

of old New York, only to show that John Jay was John Marshall’s, it is interesting to speculate what made of finer stuff. As indeed he was. His char¬ the history of the Supreme Court might have been acter was almost beyond reproach—a factor that had Jay allowed President Adams to reappoint has no doubt discouraged many a modern biog¬ him, instead of Marshall, to the Court in 1800. rapher. Monaghan, however, has persisted, and Although Jay was probably Marshall’s equal in has given us what is one of the finest biographies ability, and his superior in legal learning, he of the decade. lacked Marshall’s aggressiveness and rabid par¬ In spite of his resolution to show that “the juice tisanship, and it is very doubtful whether the court of life ran strong” in Jay’s veins, the author has would have had the same colorful history in the had to paint that gentlemen as the austere, digni¬ early nineteenth century under Jay that it did have fied, Puritanical figure that he actually was. Yet under Marshall. he does show that Jay was not the stuffed shirt so Monaghan feels that Jay as a diplomat was al¬ pathetically depicted in the biography of the Chief most above criticism. In negotiating his treaty of Justice written by his devoted son William and he 1794 with Great Britain he secured the minimum does much to restore the lost prestige of a really demands of the Federalist leaders, principally eminent figure who, as he points out, was often Hamilton, who knew that peace at almost any ranked by contemporaries with Washington and price was essential to the maintenance of their Hamilton as “one of the three granite pillars of system. That he did not secure more was due in America’s political greatness.” part to the “amazing indiscretion” of Hamilton The book is scholarly; it is based upon an ap¬ himself in exposing the American position to the pallingly exhaustive study of original documents, British Minister at . His mission to including the great Iselin Collection of Jay papers, during the latter months of the Revolution and upon other papers that have never before been was, of course, a fruitless one, but his failure was used by any biographer of the first Chief Justice due to Spanish policy and not to diplomatic in¬ who was not a member of the Jay family; it is eptitude. At least he maintained the dignity of accurate and informative. Yet it is exceptionally his position in the face of Florida Blanca’s neg¬ good reading—sprightly, frothy (in the better lect, as when he curtly refused that gentleman’s sense of the word), and full of anecdote. Mon¬ invitation to his table on the ground that it was aghan has a sense of the dramatic and he writes addressed to him as a private person and not as with spirit. His book is far and away the best minister of the United States. Possibly Jay stood life of Jay that has been written and will, in all on his dignity too much at times as he did a few probability, long remain the definitive biography months later in Paris in refusing to negotiate with of the first Acting Secretary of State and the first Oswald so long as Oswald’s commission referred Chief Justice. to the American states as colonies. Vergennes very It is perhaps unfortunate that Monaghan is so aptly pointed out to Mr. Jay that the King of thoroughly imbued with the sanctity of Federalism. FJ ance did not refuse to treat with George III Yet Jay was always vigorously Federalist in his even though the latter styled himself King of political creed and it is fitting that his biographer France. should be sympathetic. Jay was occasionally even Monaghan clearly believes Jay to have been more nationalistic than the great prophet of the largely responsible for the successful peace nego¬ Federalists himself. Hamilton, for instance, had tiations of 1782. John Adams he dismisses with assured his countrymen that the Constitution would the statement that as an American agent in France not allow an individual to sue a state in the Su¬ he was worse than useless. Franklin, the other preme Court. Yet in Chisholm v. Georgia, per¬ commissioner, was “good natured and friendly” haps Jay’s most famous case while he was Chief but too inclined to see the French point of view. Justice, Jay gave it as his opinion that Article It was Jay who insisted that the envoys disregard III of the Constitution conferred on his court juris¬ the letter of their instructions, “rely on God and diction in all cases between a state and citizens of ourselves,” and proceed with the negotiations in¬ another state. Jay was undoubtedly correct and dependently of the French. “If those instructions Hamilton wrong. Jay again showed strong ten¬ conflict with the fundamental honor and dignity of dencies towards nationalism when, on circuit in America, I would break them,” Jay is reported to Rhode Island in 1792, he delivered a momentous have told Franklin, and his decision was accepted opinion declaring a state law invalid as contrary by the commissioners. Perhaps Jay was in fact to the Constitution. In view of Mr. Monaghan’s what John Adams generously called him, “the statement that Jay’s ideas on nationalism and cen¬ Washington of the negotiation.” tralized government were somewhat stronger than E. WILDER SPAULDING. 699 The following changes occurred in the Foreign American Consul at Dundee, Scotland, assigned as Service between October 15, 1935, and November American Consul at Bergen, Norway. 15, 1935: F. Russell Engdahl of Spokane, Washington, Alvin E. Bandy of Tennessee, Clerk in the Amer¬ American Vice Consul at Calcutta, India, assigned ican Embassy at Peiping, China, appointed Amer¬ as American Vice Consul at Shanghai, China. ican Vice Consul at Tientsin, China. He will con¬ William S. Farrell of Miller Place, N. Y., tinue to serve at Peiping. American Vice Consul at Beirut, Syria, assigned George H. Barringer, formerly American Vice Language Officer at that post. Consul at Dublin, Irish Free State, who retired Frederic C. Fornes of Buffalo, New York, from the Service on February 28, 1934, died at American Consul at Sao Paulo, Brazil, assigned the Mt. Alto Hospital, Washington, D. C., on Oc¬ as American Consul at Dundee, Scotland. tober 22, 1935. Robert Jakes, 3d, of Nashville, Tennessee, a M. Williams Blake of Columbus, Ohio, Ameri¬ clerk in the American Consulate at Yarmouth, can Vice Consul at Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, as¬ Canada, appointed American Vice Consul at that signed Vice Consul at Montreal, Canada. place. V. Harwood Blocker, Jr., of Hondo, , John D. Johnson of Highgate, Vermont, Ameri¬ American Vice Consul at Casablanca, can Consul at Hamilton, Ontario, Morocco, temporarily at Belize, assigned American Consul at Mad¬ British Honduras, appointed Vice rid, Spain. Consul at Martinique. George F. Kennan of Milwaukee, Lawrence P. Briggs of Manton, Wise., Second Secretary of Legation Mich., American Consul at Bahia, at Vienna, Austria, assigned Second Brazil, now in the United States, Secretary of Embassy at Moscow, retired from the Foreign Service on U. S. S. R. October 31, 1935, after thirty years’ Davis B. Levis of Illinois, Ameri¬ service. can Vice Consul at Paris, France, Joseph F. Burt of Fairfield, Il¬ will retire on November 30, 1935. linois, assigned to the Department Robert B. Macatee of Front Royal, of State but now serving tempo¬ Va., American Consul at London, rarily at Montreal, Canada, assigned England, assigned Consul at Bel¬ as American Consul at Ottawa, Canada. grade, Yugoslavia. Alfred D. Cameron of Seattle, Wash., American Ferdinand L. Mayer of Indianapolis, Ind., Consul at Johannesburg, Union of South Africa, Counselor of Legation at Bern, , desig¬ assigned Consul at London, England. nated Counselor of Embassy at Berlin, Germany. Reed Paige Clark of Londonderry, N. H., Amer¬ Leslie Gordon Mayer of Los Angeles, Califor¬ ican Consul at Belgrade, Yugoslavia, assigned nia, American Vice Consul at Tripoli, Libya, as¬ Consul at Vienna, Austria. signed as American Vice Consul at Kobe, Japan. John Corrigan of Atlanta, Ga., American Consul Don Paul Medalie of Illinois, American Vice at Venice, , assigned Consul at Durban, Union Consul at Saigon, French Indo-China, now in the of South Africa. United States, appointed Vice Consul at Edmonton, Lawrence F. Cotie of Boston, Mass., American Canada. Vice Consul at Martinique, appointed Vice Consul Carl D. Meinhardt of Brockport, New York, at Pernambuco, Brazil. American Consul at Shanghai, China, will retire Thomas D. Davis of McAlester, Oklahoma, from the Foreign Service April 30, 1936. American Consul at Bergen, Norway, assigned as Hugh S. Miller of Chicago, 111., American Con¬ American Consul at , Spain. sul at Durban, Union of South Africa, assigned Maurice P. Dunlap of St. Paul, Minnesota, Consul at Johannesburg. 700 HE mer1c if T A AN FOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

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701 William B. Murray of Davenport, Iowa, Amer¬ ican Vice Consul at Habana, appointed Vice Con¬ sul at Veracruz, Mexico. Outstanding Edwin Schoenrich of Baltimore, Maryland, American Consul at Ottawa, Canada, assigned to Foreign Banking Facilities the Department of State for duty. The foreign banking organization of The Albert W. Scott of Kansas City, Mo., American Consul at Belfast, Ireland, now in the United Chase National Bank includes branches States, assigned Consul at Jerusalem, Palestine. and representatives on three continents Francis R. Stewart of New York City, Consul at supplemented by thousands of correspon¬ Vienna, Austria, assigned Consul at Venice, Italy. dents. Branches are located in London, Jay Walker of Washington, D. C., whose pre¬ Havana, Panama, Cristobal, and San vious assignment as American Vice Consul at Juan. In addition, the bank maintains Buenos Aires, Argentina, has been cancelled, has been assigned as American Vice Consul at Tripoli, offices for its representatives in Rome, Libya. Berlin and . Through an John Campbell White of Baltimore, Md., Coun¬ affiliate, The Chase Bank, branches are selor of Embassy at Berlin, Germany, assigned operated in Paris, Shanghai, Hongkong Consul General at Calcutta, India. and Tientsin. The following Foreign Service Officers now sta¬ tioned at Riga, Latvia, are assigned in dual capac¬ THE ity at that post: A. Dana Hodgdon of Leonardtown, Md., Amer¬ CHASE NATIONAL BANK ican Consul, designated Second Secretary of Lega¬ OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK tion. William M. Gwynn of Los Angeles, Calif., Sec¬ ond Secretary of Legation, assigned American Consul. William L. Peck of Washington, Conn., Ameri¬ can Consul, designated Second Secretary of Lega¬ tion. The George M. Abbott of Cleveland, Ohio, Third Secretary of Legation, assigned American Consul. Manhattan Storage & Edward Page, Jr., of West Newton, Mass., Third Secretary of Legation, assigned American Vice Warehouse Company Consul. The following Foreign Service Officers, recently 52nd Street and Seventh Avenue appointed, have been assigned for duty at the 80th Street and Third Avenue posts indicated: E. Tomlin of Hasbrouck Heights, New New York City Jersey, American Vice Consul at Southampton, England. ♦ ♦ Russell W. Benton of Buffalo, New York, Amer¬ SUPERIOR FACILITIES FOR STOR¬ ican Vice Consul at Montreal, Canada. Roswell C. Beverstock of Los Angeles, Califor¬ AGE OF HOUSEHOLD GOODS, nia, American Vice Consul at Mazatlan, Mexico. PACKING, MOVING, SHIPPING M. Williams Blake of Columbus, Ohio, Ameri¬ AND LIFT VANS can Vice Consul at Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. William F. Busser of Philadelphia, Pennsyl¬ ♦ ♦ vania, American Vice Consul at Warsaw, Poland. SPECIAL SERVICE TO MEET Richard W. Byrd of Norfolk, Virginia, American PERSONAL REQUIREMENTS Vice Consul at Ottawa, Canada. David K. Caldwell of Washington, D. C.. Lan¬ ♦ ♦ guage Officer in the American Embassy at Tokyo, • Prices Most Reasonable • Japan. (Continued to page 713) 702 JHE /^MERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

AMBASSADOR CHOATE (Continued from page 675) banquet given by the American Society in London and saw not only Americans in front of him but a great array of Englishmen as well he leaned forward and asked incredulously: “Can this be the Fourth of July? Is this the spirit of 1776?” There were stories about the ladies too. When on one occasion he had noticed them in the gal¬ lery he said that he now understood what the Psalmist meant when he wrote that God made man a little lower than the angels, and on an¬ other that he preferred to lift his eyes to the gal¬ leries from w'hence came his strength. And surely the most charming of all compliments was the one he paid to his wife w'hen, asked whom he would like to be if he wasn’t himself, he replied in¬ stantly, “Mrs. Choate’s second husband.” In the Embassy too he was always full of fun, calling most of his secretaries “Judge” and giving us many Foreign Service evidences of his legal background. The important Addresses that he made to the Officers distinguished groups in England are well known, but he was perhaps at his best w’hen he made extempore speeches at working men’s clubs, sail¬ Have A Greater Interest ors’ institutes and other gathering places of the Than Ever Before In lesser men. He was so honest and sincere and America’s Capital . . . direct, nothing polite or ladylike or stereotyped about what he said, and one had the feeling that • When visiting this he saw through all the shams and facades into beautiful and lively city, the real human being, and had an intense sym¬ stay at The Mayflower pathy for him. And this, lit up with flashing gleams of his biting writ, made him loved as one where international per¬ might love a fine opponent, not as one loves a sonages reside and great remote saint in a stained glass window. It was events occur. not only the British Government and the aristoc¬ racy who knew and enjoyed him. The great • Rates are no higher mass of the English people as well, the common than at less finely appoint¬ people, whom he could twist round his finger, ed hotels. adored him. Most Ambassadors are visitors, dis¬ tinguished visitors, who make speeches so care¬ Single Rooms from $4 fully edited to please everybody that they actu¬ Double Rooms from $6 ally thrill no one. But Mr. Choate spoke as man All with bath, of course to man, and his swift humor, and the liberties he took—liberties that only an understanding friend could take—made him a real Ambassador ac¬ The MAYFLOWER credited not only to the government but to the WASHINGTON, D. C. whole English nation. I only heard him make a speech once and that was when he gave the prizes at Battersea Poly¬ fP§f . • -»T. R. L. POLLIO technic, a school near London which offers courses 1:9 SQaynl, in every' known subject, both day and evening I i 9 Sag g:| courses. Most of the students were of the strug¬ 1:9 9BBS i Manager gling ambitious middle class, pathetically trying to scale the ladder of success against almost in- 703 JHE AMERICAN pOREtGN gERVICEJOURNAL superable odds. The “Polly” was everything to noblest language on the most official of occasions. them and they firmly believed that what they got This was a triumph of personality, a million times there would fit them to almost any position. Mi. more effective than the written word, and the best sort of diplomacy. I never knew another Ambas¬ Phillips drove down to Batteresa with Mr. Choate, sador who had such a perfect understanding of and on the way they looked over the catalogue, the English folk and folk-ways, though others which was probably about all the preparation may have had compensating gifts. that Mr. Choate made. I was among the audience, Those were quiet years of dignified living. Mr. even more excited than they were, with the vast Choate was no luxurious man. He lived simply hall filled to capacity and the American flag well but adequately for his great position, and did in evidence. Probably there were other speeches, what he wanted to do without much thought of though I have no memory of them, but at last what other people might demand of an Ambas¬ Mr. ^C ho ate stepped forward, smiled, and, after sador. How many times have I watched him and the usual applause, began in his vibrant stimu¬ Mr. Phillips eating their lunch in the dairy next lating way, his thick grey hair waving and his door! Mr. Choate liked eating there because, fingers caressing his watch chain, to talk to them as he put it, it was clean, the food was good, with that sympathetic understanding so character- there were plenty of pretty girls to look at, and istic of him. He knew what they were trying to do. whatever he ate he couldn’t spend a shilling. The He looked at their earnest faces, and he saw in two would sit opposite each other at a tiny table them the epitome of the struggle for light, and set in the passage that led to the large dining with his broad experience and his knowledge he room at the back, jostled by waitresses and pass¬ talked, playing with them as he must have played ing customers, but apparently quite content. with many audiences and in many courts of law. Many times too I saw them walking down Vic¬ He was one of them, one with them. He was no toria Street together, Mr. Choate either talking or stranger looking on. He knew them. He talked deep in thought, and Mr. Phillips, young, tall, on education. He could have compared national with his light step and thoughtful blue eyes be¬ systems and been specific but this time his theme side him touchingly affectionate in his every mo¬ was broader. He had to make a place for this tion towards his chief. group, to include them as membeis of the broad educational scheme, and then to point out some After lunch Mr. Choate would sometimes fall of the resultant responsibilities of the educated asleep at his desk, and put his foot by accident man, and he did it superbly. And then, after a on the bell underneath and it would ring and short interpolation about some of the actual ring until someone was bold enough either to courses offered at the Polytechnic he brought wake him up and ask him to remove his foot or every one of the audience to their feet by saying, to move it while he slept. But they didn’t like slowly, impressively, “Why, I don’t call this a him to sleep, for it is not good for an old man Polytechnic. I cali it the Battersea University.” to dream his life away, so they usually woke him There was a perfect furore of applause, many up and he would then go on with his work re¬ people jumped to their feet with excitement, and freshed, with no diminution of his interest or zest, the boy next to me gave a quick sob. but with a joke about the earnest souls who wouldn’t let him have his forty winks after lunch, At the end everyone stood while the organ played the “Star Spangled Banner” and the peo¬ as other animals had. ple began to move from the platform and to leave Talkative visitors did not get much chance to the seats below. But Mr. Choate stood where he spread themselves. He would listen patiently for was, waiting, and flurried enquiries elicited the a certain length of time, and then suddenly, per¬ fact that he was waiting for the National Anthem, haps actually in the middle of one of their most omitted by some stupid oversight, so the organist impressive sentences, he would rise to his feet and was hurried back and the audience returned and holding out his hand say with a smile, “So glad the whole place rang with “God Save the King. ’ to have seen you” and before the startled caller But even when Mr. Choate finally tore himself could collect his wits he would be on his way out. away from the handshakings and the shouts and A parcel came one day that had an ominous got into his car his audience would not give him rattle. Frank brought it in to the room where up. Dozens of them ran along beside the car for Mr. Choate was dictating, holding it at arm’s a long distance waving their hats and cheering, length and rather pale in the gills. “Your Excel¬ and there was a sweetness in the feeling which he lency, this may be a bomb. Hadn’t you better had created that did more for Anglo-American leave while I open it?” “Nonsense, open it, and friendship than the noblest statement set in the we will all go to Heaven together,” so we stood 704 NOT CLAIMS . . . But FACTS Are Making

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round while the fatal box was most daintily un¬ wrapped. And all it contained was a replica of Plymouth Rock which some admirer had sent for his desk. The time came that Mr. Choate was to leave the Embassy and return to America. I typed his last Addresses, the one given before the Bench and Bar of England, and his Farewell, delivered at the Dinner given to him by the Lord Mayor of London at the Mansion House. I also made little cards of the headings for him to hold in his hand. The writing of his Farewell Address was very hard for me, and as I wrote it was difficult to keep the tears out of my eyes: “I have been asked a thousand times in the last three months, ‘Why do you go? Are you sorry to leave Eng¬ AMBASSADORS OF AMERICAN land? Are you really glad to go home?” Well, in truth COMMERCE my mind and heart are torn asunder by conflicting emo¬ tions. In the first place, on the one hand, I will tell you AS AMERICAN export business with Latin America continues to move forward, ahead of it a great secret. I am really suffering from home-sickness. go these new “flying ambassadors.” Not that I love England less, but that I love America Transporting passengers, mail and express at a more, and what Englishman will quarrel with me for that? cruising speed of nearly three miles a minute, There is no place like home, be it ever so homely. . . . they again reduce the time between the United States and 33 countries and colonies to the South. My friends on this side of the water are multiplying every day in numbers and increasing in the ardor of their affec¬ tions. I am sorry to say that the great host of my friends P/tL\ /iJfKIl MC/tX on the other side are as rapidly diminishing and dwin¬ ^CRWPtYS SYSTEM dling away. ‘Part of the host have crossed the flood, and part are crossing now,’ and I have a great yearning to be Executive Offices: 135 E. 42nd St., New York with the waning number. . . . “I have gone to and fro among the English people, com¬ ing in close contact with them, studying them at near range for the purpose of discovering the distinctions and differences, if any, that exist between us. I have endeav¬ UNITED FRUIT QDfllPANY ored to make them better acquainted with my own coun¬ GREAT try, its history, its institutions, its great names, for the WHITE purpose of showing them that really the difference be¬ FLEET tween an Englishman and an American is only skin deep, that under different historical forms we pursue with equal success the same great objects of liberty, of justice, of Regular Fast Dependable Freight Sailings the public welfare, and that our interests are so inex¬ tricably interwoven that we would not, if we could, and BETWEEN could not, if we would, escape the necessity of an abiding New York, Boston, New Orleans, Los Angeles and perpetual friendship. I have no doubt now, and can Harbor, San Francisco, and St. John, N. B. have no doubt, about the permanence of peace which now AND exists between us. War between these two great nations would be an inexplicable impossibility.” Cuba, Jamaica, Panama, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, British Honduras, And so he went away, and the Embassy world Mexico, Nicaragua, El Salvador. changed as it always changes with the coming of ALSO a new Ambassador. And everybody missed him West Coast Ports of Central and South America more and more, though we liked the new Ambas¬ and Mexico (transshipment at Cristobal). sador too. And then the next Christmas came a little gift to me with a note from Mrs. Choate FREIGHT TRAFFIC DEPARTMENT asking me please to write to Mr. Choate some¬ Pier 3, North River, New York, N. Y. times and tell him the news, and so I joyfully 1001 Fourth St.. Ill W. Washington St., San Francisco, Calif. Chicago, 111. wrote him from time to time telling him the gos¬ Long Wharf, 321 St. Charles St., sip and the little things that I knew would interest Boston, Mass. New Orleans, La. him. And the years passed, during which we St. John, N. B. London, England H. E. Kane & Co. Caribbean S. S. Agency only saw him once, on his way to The Hague as General Offices: One Federal Street, Boston, Mass American delegate to the Second Hague Con¬ ALSO ference. REGULAR WEEKLY PASSENGER SERVICE Then came the World War. I lunched with (and "Guest Cruises”) to the West Indies and Caribbean 706 ^HE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL him and Mrs. Choate in New York early in 1915, and was telling them some of the Embassy changes due to war conditions. “Instead of only me there are about twenty girls there now” I said. He smiled at me and then over at Mrs. Choate. “Caroline, we must go back. I feel as though I had missed something.” We talked mostly of the war, of course, and I could see that he was looking at the struggle with his wise old eyes and trying to visualize an England which was so different to the peaceful one he knew. My last glimpse of him, just after America had declared war on Germany in April, 1917, was Underwood when he drove up Fifth Avenue beside Mr. Arthur Special Type¬ Balfour the day that the British Mission arrived writer with 1-Key in the United States to discuss war co-operation. Key-Set Tabulator. Mr. Balfour was his usual urbane self, though earlier in the drive up Broadway, where he had been welcomed with an overwhelming expression of friendliness, his eyes had been blinded with Cushioned Typing tears. Mr. Choate too stared out of the carriage, smiling his inscrutable smile, that smile that con¬ cealed so much. I wondered what his thoughts makes it Quieter! must be, this old, old man of 85, mentally as alert as he had ever been, but almost at the end 'T'HE Underwood Special Typewriter repre- of a life of usefulness, great honor and of great sents the outstanding achievement of the international prestige. He must surely have been typewriter engineer. It is the only standard conscious, as he rode through the cheering crowds, typewriter made that is equipped with the fa¬ of a deep sense of fulfilment that the work which mous Champion Keyboard developed by world- he and his predecessors and his successors had renowned speed typists in the interest of greater done in England to heal the breach of 1776 and typing speed and comfort. See the Underwood bring the two countries together was being so Special at the nearest Underwood Elliott Fisher triumphantly vindicated, and have perhaps Branch or telephone or write for a demonstra¬ breathed a prayer that out of the tangled skeins of tion on your own work and in your own office. war and horror and death might come a new day Every Underwood Typewriter is backed by in which, united “in the bonds of peace and in nation-wide, company-owned service facilities. righteousness of life,” they could build a better world together. Typewriter Division So while Mr. Balfour was still in the United States, in the very midst of the great preparations UNDERWOOD for America’s participation with the Allies in the ELLIOTT FISHER COMPANY World War, Mr. Choate passed away on the 14th Typewriters . . . Accounting Machines . . . Adding Ma of May, a great man, and a great patriot, gone chines . . . Carbon Paper, Ribbons and other Supplies forward to whatever may lie beyond the veil, Homer Bldg., 13th & F Streets, N. W. serene, satisfied. Washington, D. C. MOST STATES REPRESENTED Sales and Service Everywhere The October promotion and appointment list in¬ cluded Foreign Service Officers from forty-three States and the District of Columbia. UNDERWOOD HORYDCZAK PHOTOGRAPHS Special The JOURNAL expresses thanks to the Mayflower’s Log, published by the Mayflower Hotel, Washing¬ TYPEWRITER ton, for permission to use the cuts of the Horydczak photographs, illustrating the article on Washing¬ ton, D. C., in this issue. 707 Our Methods of Giving Effect to International Laws and Treaties

By THE HONORABLE FRED K. NIELSEN Former Solicitor, Department of State (Conclusion)

METHODS OF GIVING EFFECT TO TREATIES opinion, governs questions pertaining to the legal effect of a treaty is the rule of international law that I shall further undertake to make a few ob¬ asserts the sanctity of a treaty and condemns its servations regarding our methods of enforcing violation. treaties in the United States, although the subject By the Constitution, the courts have said, a is one that can be treated but inadequately in a treaty and a Federal statute are placed on the same meagre discussion. footing, and if the two are inconsistent, the one last I will return to Ohio for an interesting prece¬ in date will control. If the country with which the dent. In 1879 President Hayes vetoed an Act of treaty is made is dissatisfied with the action of the Congress requiring him to give notice to the Gov¬ legislative department in causing a violation of the ernment of China of the abrogation of Articles 5 treaty, it may present its case to the Executive De¬ and 6 of the so-called Burlingame Treaty, conclud¬ partment of the Government and take such other ed July 28, 1868. These Articles related to emi¬ measures, including a resort to war, as it may deem gration and immigration. to be essential to the protection of its interests.7 President Hayes declared that “the power of The treaty cannot be enforced as municipal law of making new treaties or of modifying existing treat¬ the land—to use another somewhat loose expres¬ ies is not lodged by the Constitution in Congress sion—but the international obligations remain. but in the President by and with the advice and Our domestic machinery for vindicating through consent of the Senate.” This treaty did not provide the Judiciary rights secured by treaty stipulations for a partial abrogation on notice of either party. may perhaps be explained in simpler and more ac¬ The same situation exists generally with respect to curate language this way: State statutes are not similar treaties. Elimination of certain stipulations part of the supreme law of the land under the Con¬ can thefore be effected only by negotiation. The stitution. They will be declared void when they House of Representatives has no part in the ne¬ contravene stipulations of treaties. But when the gotiation of treaties under our system, and Con¬ Legislative Department of the Federal Govern¬ gress could therefore not force the President to ment, acting with reference to some subject within negotiate or to commit an act violative of the treaty any of its delegated powers, such as matters per¬ and therefore violative of international law. This taining to customs or immigration, contravenes a was in effect the ingenious, and I think sound, treaty, the courts will not interfere. I do not reasoning employed by President Hayes with re¬ quarrel with the ultimate conclusion, but I do think spect to our domestic machinery in relation to in¬ that it is useful to take exception to some expres¬ ternational arrangements. Nevertheless, by the so- sions that have been employed in reaching it. It has called Seamen’s Act of March 4, 1915, and the so- been said that a statute in derogation of a treaty called Merchant Marine Act of June 5, 1920, Con¬ “abrogates” the treaty, or “modifies” or “amends” gress adopted the procedure followed in 1879. As it. It is difficult to see that a treaty is abrogated is well known, it has also passed Acts directly or amended, when its obligations as determined by contravening treaties. the proper rule of law remain. It has also been said The situation which arises in the United States that a “repeal” or an “implied repeal” results. A when Congress passes and the Executive approves statute may be repealed in express terms by another an Act resulting in the violation of a treaty, has statute, and we may have statutory repeals by im¬ now been made reasonably clear by judicial de¬ plication. But I find it difficult to follow the reason¬ cisions, in spite of confusing language occasionally ing, speaking again purely in terms of domestic law, employed in some opinions to explain such de¬ to the effect that under our domestic machinery of cisions. There has been too much use of terms of legislating in a constitutional manner we have domestic law in dealing with questions that are either an express or implied “repeal” of treaties by governed by international law. The “proper rule of statutes, even though we do have contraventions. law”—if I may use that term a little loosely—the 7. Head Money Cases, 112 U. S. 580; Whitney v. Robei'tson, proper and the only rule of law, which, in my 124 U. S. 190. 708 I think it might better be said that under our do¬ mestic system a treaty may be modified or abro¬ gated in accordance with its terms or by another treaty, and in no other way. Whatever may have been said in the past, it seems to be clear that the Supreme Court has not always given practical application to the statement Distinguished members of underlying some of its decisions to the effect that a the Diplomatic Service fol¬ treaty and a statute under the Constitution “are low tradition in selecting placed on the same footing.” The court undoubt¬ The Plaza as their New edly is committed to the legal proposition that by a York home. They find here a treaty the Federal Government can accomplish standard of excellence that what it is not competent to deal with by legislation. In the interesting case of Missouri v. Holland,8 Mr. is known in all countries. Justice Holmes, speaking for the court, observed Single rooms from $5. FACING CENTRAL PARK that the so-called Migratory Bird Treaty, not being in derogation of the Constitution, legislation to • A 25% discount from room charges is carry it into effect must be valid. allowed members of the Foreign Service. I have indicated the results arrived at by the Supreme Court in a number of decisions. There can HENRY A. ROST, PRESIDENT he no harm in suggesting another possible, seem¬ ingly not violent, way of reasoning: The Consti¬ tution and Federal statutes made pursuant thereto, and treaties, are the supreme law of the land. The PLflZ courts will vindicate rights of a person under a FIFTY-NINTH STREET AND FIFTH AVENUE statute as against acts of officials of the Govern¬ ment depriving him of such rights, while the statute stands, unrepealed or unmodified by the constitu¬ tional method of doing so, which is by another legislative enactment. They will vindicate sub¬ stantive rights under a treaty, until the treaty has been modified or terminated by the constitutional method, which is in accordance with its terms or HOMELIKE, by another treaty and not by a statute. However, vi tl. a ydnotanta unecfualletl there are other nations in which the legal situation 9 is the same as with us. A simple remedy for avoid¬ l&ewlete m VVewljotk jot beauty . . ing unfortunate difficulties such as have often oc¬ curred is by better cooperation between Congress # The Savoy-Plaza provides the and the Department of State. The success of such homelike warmth and charm that informed travellers demand, plus cooperation necessitates, on the one hand, solicitude superior service and an unsurpas¬ on the part of Congress in seeking advice, and, on sed cuisine. Single rooms from $5. the other hand, understanding and care on the part A 25% discount from room charges Is allowed members of the Foreign of officials of the Department of State. In the past Service. there has been fault on both. Henry A. Rost, Managing Director Occasionally there has been discussion of what George Suter, Resident Manager has been termed “unconstitutional treaties.” In FIFTH AVE., 58th TO 59th STS. connection with this subject loose expressions are probably due also to the exclusive employment of terms of domestic law and a failure to take account of what I have termed “the proper law” pertaining to international obligations. Those obligations of course would subsist, even if treaty-making au¬ thorities should misconstrue and exceed the extent of their power under our law. The Supreme Court OVERLOOKING CENTRAL PARK

8. 252 U. S. 416. 9. See Annual Dipest of Public International Law, McNair and Lauterpacht, Years 1925-1926, p. 346. 709 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL has never found a case in which they have done so. varieties of later days could, of course, be men¬ However, it is obviously a matter of serious con¬ tioned. cern to officials that, from the standpoint of the Except with respect to subjects expressly or domestic law of the United States, there are limita¬ impliedly excluded by the Constitution, the Execu¬ tions in making treaties by and with the advice and tive and the Senate can make treaties relating to all consent of the Senate. It seems to be clear that, those matters with respect to which nations may if substantive rights under a treaty, authorizing deem it to be proper to contract. There is evidently something forbidden by the Constitution, should be nothing in the Constitution to hamper the United invoked in judicial proceedings, the courts would States as a sovereign nation from negotiating freelv not sustain such rights. with other nations in accordance with the principle The Supreme Court of the United States has of equality of States. Our Federal Government is often discussed the extent of the treaty power con¬ a government of delegated powers, but each De¬ ferred on the Federal Government. The court has partment acts with plenary authority with regard never found that the power has been exercised in to subjects delegated to it. The scope of the treaty¬ any case to accomplish, in the language of Mr. making power vested in Federal authority is not Justice Field in Geojroy v. Riggs,10 what the Con¬ prescribed or limited by explicit rules and princi¬ stitution forbids, or a change in the character of ples of local law, but must be defined in the light the Government or in that of one of the States.” of international law and practice. This declaration in the opinion of the Court in When complaints have been made to the appro that case, defining broadly unauthorized use of the priate authorities of our Government with respect treaty-making power, is general, but is very useful. to infringement of treaties, or acts that might result It does not in detail define the vast field of subjects in contraventions, it has generally been necessary embraced within the treaty-making power, as it can to advise that remedies with respect to the violation be properly exercised by the Executive and the Sen¬ of substantive rights guaranteed by treaty pro¬ ate under the domestic law of the United States. visions should be sought in our courts. A great But it seems to indicate broadly and comprehen¬ number of decisions involving the interpretation of sively what is excluded from the treaty-making treaties has been rendered by Federal courts and power, namely what the Constitution forbids, and, by State courts. These decisions have generally a change in the character of the Federal Govern¬ revealed care and a scrupulous sense of fairness. I ment or of the government of one of the States. think that very seldom, if ever, has a foreign gov¬ In addition to such simple, and perhaps crude ernment found a final decision objectionable. illustrations as those relating to a change in gov¬ But at times foreign representatives have been ernment, one perhaps a little less obvious might be impatient with this procedure in the courts. There suggested, such as provisions of a treaty conferring has been a feeling that a powerful and wise Secre¬ on aliens the right to hold public office in the States tary of State, or someone acting in the capacity of a of the Union. As an illustration of authorizing Minister of Justice, should be able to prescribe something which the Constitution in literal terms proper rules of conduct for both Federal and State once forbade one might suppose a treaty giving officials, judicial and administrative, and for legis¬ foreign ships the right to bring intoxicating liquors lative authorities. One can appreciate the diffi¬ into the American harbors, in spite of the fact that culties they have in mind. For example, if a State such importation was forbidden by the Eighteenth legislature enacts a poll tax law which discriminates Amendment to the Constitution. In the opinion of against aliens, in violation of treaty stipulations, it the Court in Missouri v. Holland, there is a very is a long and expensive journey to the supreme broad definition of the treaty-making power in gen¬ tribunal at Washington for the vindication of rights eral terms. which, from a material standpoint, are not very The Supreme Court has said that the framers great—at least not as regards the exactions from a of the Constitution had in mind treaties of the char¬ single alien. In some cases it has been possible for acter in use, when the Constitution was formulated; the Department of State, when informed in due that is a natural conclusion. But obviously the time, to make suggestions to the governor of a state treaty-making power is not limited to such treaties to lay the Department’s views before members of as has been made up to 1789. Among such treaties the legislature, or to veto a bill that has been were not found any with respect to limitation of passed. Representatives of the Department of Jus¬ naval armament; the protection of fur seals in the tice, at the request of the Department of State, have waters of the Pacific Ocean; the regulation of occasionally obtained permission from Federal aerial navigation and aerial warfare. Many other courts to intervene in proceeding to present views

10. 132 U. S. 258. with respect to the construction of treaty pro- 710 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

visions.11 Authorities of the Federal Government sometimes the army and the fleet. Nations alone have been permitted to intervene for such purposes can be called to account for infractions, and on their in the proceedings of a State court.12 honor we must rely to guarantee the maintenance It may be that use could be made of proceedings of the law. However, in a sense, it may be said that of injunction by Federal authority to prevent the the decisions of international tribunals are sanction operation of State statutes which might be con¬ back of the law of nations; the only legal sanction. sidered to contravene treaties, or that, in any event, They do purport to give redress for wrongdoing. Federal legislation could be enacted to authorize Cases submitted to arbitration in any form, for the such proceedings. But I do not think that there is most part, involve important questions. There are much prospect for the enactment of such measures. preliminary questions with respect to nationality, The practical remedy for avoiding international dif¬ which is the justification in international law for ficulties lies in a better understanding of legal prin¬ the intervention of a government of a country to ciples and in a spirit of useful cooperation between protect persons and property in another country; the State and the Federal authorities. questions of admiralty law involving issues as to The interpretation and application of treaties responsibility for faulty navigation of public ves¬ pertain to both administrative and judicial authori¬ sels; questions of military law related to com¬ ties. And there may be occasions when something plaints against the acts of soldiers; questions of more than a passive attitude of giving advice as to contract law in litigation based on complaints of recourse to judicial remedies may be expected from breaches of contractual obligations by governmen¬ administrative authorities vested with the conduct tal authorities; questions relating to titles to real of a government’s foreign relation. As I have in¬ property when improper deprivation of such prop¬ dicated to some extent, occasionally judicial rem¬ erty is alleged; questions of criminal law when edies are not available. charges are made with respect to improper trials of aliens, or failure adequately to prosecute persons APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW BY INTER¬ who have injured aliens; a great variety of ques- NATIONAL TRIBUNALS 11. Sullivan et al. v. Kidd, 254 U. S. 433; Cheung Sum International law has no sanction, such as is Shu et al. v. Nagle, 268 U. S. 36. enforced through the marshal, the sheriff, and 12. Petersen et al. v. State of Iowa, 245 U. S. 170.

To You - - Who Travel Far

YOU, as a Foreign Service Officer, may have an unusual story to tell of adventurous journeys in foreign lands or of observations of their everyday life, that would fascinate your country¬ men at home. Why not write it for The National Geographic Magazine, thus sharing your world-wide experiences with mil¬ lions of eager readers and cooperating in The Geographic’s educational work? We are always glad to consider per¬ sonal experience articles with broad, human-interest appeal, especially if they are accompanied by good photo¬ graphs. Liberal payment is made for all material accepted. Before preparing manuscripts it is advisable to submit a brief outline of your proposed article. Write today for our illustrated booklet describing the kind of photographs desired.

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THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE Washington, D. C.

711 tions of domestic law, adjective and substantive, in porary tribunals set up from time to time through cases involving charges of denials of justice, as the bilateral agreements. In connection with their term is understood in international law, applicable activities American lawyers have occasionally ren¬ to complaints against judicial proceedings. These dered excellent service as counsel and in judicial illustrations could be continued at great length. activities. Such tribunals have wide jurisdiction Finally, of course, ultimately controlling rules or and great powers as courts of first and last resort, principles of international law or provisions of so to speak, vested with final, unappealable deter¬ treaties are determinative of international respon¬ mination of important issues of law and fact. In sibility. Property interests in international litiga¬ this field of arbitration there has been deplorable tion are very often great. Precedents are almost in¬ retrogression in recent years—unconscionable de¬ variably important. From the standpoint both of lays, indifference, neglect, at times pitiable lack of international relations and of private rights, it is qualifications of counsel and of those engaged in important beyond possibility of over-statement that judicial activities, and even far more serious evils. the proceedings of international tribunals should be Authorities of our own Government have been guided by the highest standards of efficiency, dig¬ greatly at fault with respect to such conditions. In nity and honor that characterize the deliberations a report to the American Bar Association made of the most respected domestic high court. Some about a year and a half ago, considerable mention proceedings have given reality to that concept; was made of the arbitration of a single case. Noth¬ some have made a mockery of it. ing was said concerning the pendency of thousands Nations have undertaken to abolish war, when, of cases, some very old, arrangements for whose in explicit language, they have declared in some judicial determination were stipulated ten years bilateral treaties “there shall be perpetual amity” ago. These courts are temporary judiciaries un¬ or “there shall be a perfect, firm and inviolable der laws of our land. I bespeak the interest of mem¬ peace and sincere friendship” between the contract¬ bers of the bar in this subject. Denunciation of ing parties. They abolished what has been called acts of indifference or ignorance or deliberate private warfare, when without uncertainty of mean¬ wrongdoing which result in prostituting the high ing they declared in a multilateral treaty, concluded purposes of the law might stimulate remedial in 1856 “Privateering is, and remains abolished.” effects. They may undertake, in another multilateral treaty, to renounce war “as an instrument of national APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW BY THE policy.” I find it difficult to conceive that the phe¬ DEPARTMENT OF STATE nomenon of war, present throughout recorded his¬ Our most important agency for the application tory, can be abolished by affixing signatures to a and maintenance of the law of nations is our De¬ sentence or two, without action or thought with partment of State. It is the Department charged respect to a corresponding, adequate development with the conduct of diplomacy, and diplomacy fail¬ of those processes of civilization which substitute ing, with arrangements for judicial determination judicial determination for force in domestic law as of international difficulties. * * * well as in international law. In 1929, tbe present Chief Justice of the United States was a delegate I hazard the broad declaration that no accom¬ to a Pan-American conference to frame an arbitra¬ plishment could be of more importance to our Gov¬ tion treaty. During the course of some remarks he ernment than a properly organized and equipped said: “It is quite obvious that it is not sufficient to Department of State. Steps in the right direction are renounce war, unless we are ready to have recourse a rational and practical foundation on which to la¬ to the processes of peace.” bor for the proper protection of American interests We have no part as a Government in the activ¬ abroad, for tbe upholding of American honor, and ities of the Permanent Court of International Jus¬ for the promotion of peace among nations. Such tice. We are a party to the international treaty an institution will deal with the problems before it which made provision for the Permanent Court of in the light of a clear concept that they are to be Arbitration at The Hague. That so-called Court resolved in accordance with a just application of has not been very active for some time or indeed that law, the purposes of which are the avoidance at any time. It was an interesting landmark, and of sanguinary conflicts and the establishment and it has rendered valuable services. Our Government vindication of rights among nations, great and has finely evidenced its desire to assist in the judi¬ small, by peaceful methods, conformably to rules cial determination of international controversies on and principles of law; rights which often inure a high plane by designating on the American panel, directly to the benefits of nationals. And in giving in most instances, men of the highest standing on reality to that concept officials will be guided by the the bench and at the bar. We rely on the tern- standards of John Marshall at Paris in 1797. 712 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES T. Eliot Weil of Pleasantville, New York, Amer¬ (Continued from page 702) ican Vice Consul at Marseille, France. Ivan B. White of Salem, Oregon, American Vice Glion Curtis, Jr., of Webster Groves, Missouri, Consul at Mexico City. Mexico. American Vice Consul at Budapest, Hungary. William E. Yuni of Hoquiam, Washington, Lan¬ Perry Ellis of Riverside, California, American guage Officer in the American Embassy at Tokyo, Vice Consul at Habana, Cuba. Japan. James Espy of Cincinnati, Ohio, American Vice Consul at Mexico City. Andrew B. Foster of Haverford, Pennsylvania, BIRTHS American Vice Consul at Montreal, Canada. A daughter was born November 1, 1935, in Richard D. Gatewood of New York City, Amer¬ London to Mr. and Mrs. William W. Butterworth. ican Vice Consul at Zurich, Switzerland. Born to Mr. and Mrs. Julius C. Holmes on Oc¬ Albert R. Goodman of Peekskill, New York, tober 22, 1935, a daughter, Elsie Jane. American Vice Consul at Santiago, Cuba. A son, Michael Carrington Hudson, was born Norris S. Haselton of West Orange, New Jersey, May 13, 1935, to Mr. and Mrs. Joel C. Hudson. American Vice Consul at Guadalajara, Mexico. Born to Vice Consul and Mrs. William F. Cav- Beppo R. Johansen of Clearwater, Florida, Lan¬ enaugh, at Philadelphia, Pa., on October 3, 1935, guage Officer in the American Embassy at Tokyo, a son, William Annesley Cavenaugh. Japan. U. Alexis Johnson of Glendale, California, Lan¬ guage Officer in the American Embassy at Tokyo, MARRIAGES Japan. Jaeckel—Ross. Married at Victoria. B. C., on Charles Todd Lee of Rutland, Vermont, Ameri¬ September 14, 1935, Consul General Theodore can Vice Consul at Nuevo Laredo, Mexico. Jaeckel and Mrs. Halford Ross. Douglas MacArthur, 2d, of Washington, D. C., Goldsborough—Cottman. Married at Peiping, American Vice Consul at Vancouver, Canada. China, on September 25, 1935. Mr. Brice W. Golds¬ Elbert G. Mathews of Oakland, California, borough and Miss Mary Clare Cottman. Mr. American Vice Consul at Vancouver, Canada. Goldsborough is clerk in the American Embassy Robert B. Memminger of Charleston, South at Peiping. Carolina, American Vice Consul at Toronto, McGinnis—Brunner. Vice Consul Edgar L. Mc¬ Canada. Ginnis, Jr., and Miss Mary Cathleen Brunner were Charles S. Millet of Richmond, New Hampshire, married on September 18, 1935. Language Officer in the American Embassy at Blocker—Silliman. Married at San Salvador Peiping, China. on October 6, 1935, Vice Consul V. Harwood John Ordway of Washington. D. C., American Blocker and Miss Hazel Agnes Silliman. Vice Consul at Habana, Cuba. Meadows—Ehmann. Married in London, Eng¬ Marselis C. Parsons, Jr., of Rye, New York, land, on October 22, 1935, Morris R. Meadows American Vice Consul at Naples, Italy. and Miss Lee Ehmann. Mr. Meadows is clerk in Edward E. Rice of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Lan¬ the Embassy at Berlin. guage Officer in the American Embassy at Pei¬ Williams—O’Brien. Married in Shanghai, China, ping, China. on September 14, 1935, Samuel Edward Williams W. Garland Richardson of Richmond, Virginia, and Miss Marie Patricia O’Brien. Mr. Williams Language Officer in the American Embassy at is clerk in the Embassy at Peiping. Tokyo, Japan. Max W. Schmidt of Bettendorf, Iowa, Language Officer in the American Embassy at Tokyo. Japan. IN MEMORIAM Carl W. Strom of Decorah, Iowa, American George H. Barringer, formerly American Vice Vice Consul at Vancouver, Canada. Consul at Belfast. Campbellton. St. John’s, Quebec, E. Paul Tenney of Seattle, Washington, Ameri¬ Yarmouth and Dublin, died in the Veterans’ Hos¬ can Vice Consul at Hamburg, Germany. pital, Mt. Alto, Washington. D. C., October 22, S. Roger Tyler, Jr., of Huntington, West Vir¬ 1935, after a lingering illness which had caused ginia, American Vice Consul at Toronto, Canada. his retirement from the Service early in 1934. Louis Woodruff Wallner, Jr., of New York City, Sincere sympathy is extended to Mrs. Barringer American Vice Consul at Naples, Italy. and their three children. 713 AIR NAVIGATION WEEK

(Continued from page 680)

“The first telegraph message flashed over a wire Langley Field Laboratories described in the July, ivas sent from Washington to Baltimore on May 24 1935, issue of THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE 1844 by Samuel F B Morse Stp The text of the JOURNAL were inspected. message tvas quote What hath God wrought unquote A dinner at 8 by the Aeronautical Chamber of stp Today we send greetings to you as a distin¬ Commerce completed an interesting three days in guished guest and a welcome neighbor over a Bu¬ Washington during which the Government’s par¬ reau of Air Commerce Radio teletypewriter circuit ticipation in commercial aviation was thoroughly between these same two cities.” covered. Thursday morning Navy Transports carried the party to Glenn L. Martin Flying Field, Baltimore, The radio teletypewriter is a concrete example of Maryland, for an inspection of the China Clipper, social and economic progress by a people interested in social and economic progress by the only means by which it can be achieved—“greater knowledge.” On Monday evening the delegates attended a dinner given in their honor at the Mayflower Hotel DELEGATES TO AIR NAVIGATION by Colonel Robert G. Elbert, Chairman of the Air WEEK Commerce Planning Committee. This Committee Argentina: Sefior Don Francisco Mendes is composed of business men who devote their time Goncalvez, Director of Civil Aeronautics; without compensation to planning with govern¬ Bolivia: Senor Don Juan R. Rivero T., Chief mental officials the trend which government must of Railways and Air Transport; take in an effort to be helpful to aviation. Brazil: Senhor Dr. Cesar S. Grillo, Director Tuesday morning was given over to an inspec¬ of Civil Aeronautics; tion of the Aircraft Building of the Smithsonian Canada: Mr. J. A. Wilson, Controller of Civil Institution followed by another visit to the Pan Aviation; American Union to hear an address by James H. Chile: Comandante Horacio Olivares, Direc¬ Doolittle, an aviator known to all the Americas. tor of Aeronautics; Following a luncheon given by Colonel Johnson, Costa Rica: His Excellency Raul Gurdian, Assistant Secretary of Commerce, a visit was paid Minister for Foreign Affairs; to the United States Weather Bureau, where Dr. Cuba: Sefior Don Agustin Parla, Chief Air¬ Willis R. Gregg, Director, gave minute informa¬ port Inspector; tion on the methods followed by the Bureau in Dominican Republic: Major A. Felix Mi¬ gathering and disseminating meteorological infor¬ randa, Corps of Aides of the National mation. Army; The Committee on Arrangements for Air Navi¬ El Salvador: Captain Juan Ramon Munes, gation Week gave a dinner at the Shoreham Hotel Chief of the Army Air Corps, also Chief, at 3 that night. This Committee consisted of rep¬ Civil Aviation Department; resentatives of all governmental agencies interested Haiti: Engineer Charles Fequiere, Public in aeronautics, as well as a representive of each Works Service; segment of the industry. Mexico: Lieutenant Colonel Luis Farrel Cu- On Wednesday morning, the delegates made an billas, Assistant Chief, Aeronautics Depart¬ inspection of experimental aircraft at the Naval ment of the Ministry of War; Air Station, and were then flown in Navy Douglas Peru: Commander Federico Recavarren, Di¬ transports to Langley Field, Virginia. The Gen¬ rector of Aviation; eral Headquarters Air Force gave a demonstration Uruguay: Senor Don Luis Felipe Marques, of Army equipment. After luncheon, given by the Provisional Director of Civil Aviation. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the JHE /^MERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

PEGASUS

How the Winged Horse of Ancient Greece became the Symbol of a Modern American Institution So swift that his speed was matched only by that of the imagination—so powerful that no deed of man or the gods was be¬ yond him, Pegasus stood alone, unexam¬ pled and unrivalled, in the mythology of the ancient Greeks. Today, a modern Pegasus rides the skies. Portrayed in flaming red, his like¬ ness dots the highways as the symbol of a great American institution .. the Socony- Vacuum Oil Company, Incorporated. Pegasus stands for the whole broad scope of the Company’s activities. He rep¬ resents a service to industry combining the finest in lubricants with specialized knowledge of their application. He stands for an army of 50,000 men, constantly at work in the service of both industry and the motoring public. Tou can rely on the products identified by this modern Pegasus. You can rely on the service that goes hand in hand with these products. Pegasus flies again, a symbol that all can trust.

SOCONYVACUUM

SOCONY-VACUU

715 ball game between Chicago and Pur¬ due Universities. Such of the party as did not pro¬ a i ^ ceed immediately toward their homes were returned by air to New York City. That each delegate was convinced of the value of such meetings is evidenced by the fact that without ex¬ ception expression was given to a de¬ sire to perpetuate these helpful meet¬ ings at least once each year through Gerecke, Miami some organization either formal or PAN AMERICAN’S INTERNATIONAL MARINE AIRPORT AT DIN¬ informal. NER KEY, MIAMI. FLORIDA. MLVMI. KNOWN POPULARLY AS A A study is now being made to de¬ WINTER PLAYGROUND. IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY IMPOR¬ TANT AS ONE OF THE WORLD’S LEADING INTERNATIONAL termine the most logical means to AIRPORTS do this. thence to Philadelphia, where, after a luncheon by the Air Defense League, a visit was paid to various MEMBERS OF COMMITTEE ON ARRANGE¬ points of interest in Philadelphia, followed by MENTS FOR AIR NAVIGATION WEEK The Honorable J. E. Johnson, Assistant Secretary oi demonstration of radio communications at the R. Commerce, Washington, D. C. C. A. Hangar at the Camden, New Jersey, Airport. Mr. Eugene L. Vidal, Director of Air Commerce, Shortly before taking off for New York, Jim Ray Washington, D. C. gave a demonstration of standing still in an auto¬ Mr. David L. Behncke, President, Air Line Pilots’ giro. Another example of social and economic Association, 3145 West 63rd Street, Chicago, progress possible when one’s mind is free to think. Illinois. The Honorable Harllee Branch, Second Assistant Arriving at New York’s Floyd Bennett Airport, Postmaster General, in charge of air mail, we were met by Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia and Washington, D. C. other city officials. Captain L. T. Chalker, Chief, Aviation Division, That night social progress was made possible bv U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. Pan American Airways at a dinner given by Presi¬ Mr. Paul Goldsborough, President, Aeronautical Ra¬ dio, Inc., National Press Building, Washington, dent Juan T. Trippe at the Union Club. D. C. Friday, after a luncheon given at the Advertising Mr. Willis R. Gregg, Chief, U. S. Weather Bureau, Club by Mayor LaGuardia, the guests were flown Washington, D. C. from the 31st Street ramp in amphibian planes to Mr. Norman B. Haley, Director, Bureau of Air Roosevelt Field, where the progress of the indus¬ Mail, Interstate Commerce Commission, Wash¬ try was viewed in the form of airplanes of all ington, D. C. Rear Admiral E. J. King, Chief, Bureau of Aero¬ types. nautics, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. Following a dinner in the Director’s Rooms of Dr. George W. Lewis, Director of Research, Na¬ the Radio Corporation of America given by Gen¬ tional Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Na¬ eral James C. Harbord, we proceeded to Floyd vy Department, Washington, D. C. Bennett Airport, where a T. W. A. Airliner trans¬ Senator W. G. McAdoo, President, National Aero¬ nautic Association, Dupont Circle, Washington, ported us on an all night flight over the New York- D. C. Chicago Airway. Ear phones were provided each Mr. Thomas A. Morgan, President, Aeronautical guest which permitted learning firsthand of the Chamber of Commerce of America, Inc., Shore- communications aid provided by the Bureau of Air ham Building, Washington, D. C. Commerce as well as that provided privately by Mr. Richard Southgate, Chief, Division of Protocol the air lines themselves. Each guest was given a and Conferences, Department of State, Wash¬ ington, D. C. half hour in the cockpit with the pilot to see the Brigadier General Oscar Westover, Acting Chief of rotating lights, the lighted intermediate fields, as Army Air Corps, War Department, Washington, well as the automatic operation of a giant airliner D. C. by means of a robot pilot. Colonel Samuel P. Wetherill, President, Air Defense Following a luncheon at the Union League Club League, 310 Bellevue-Stratford Hotel, Philadel¬ phia, Penna. by Mayor Kelly, the entire party witnessed a foot¬ 716

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718 WHAT’S NEW IN WASHINGTON (Continued from page 689) well as beauty. A legal library here contains where Uncle Sam, after talking about it for 125 75,000 volumes for the use of their own lawyers years, has at last got around to providing a per¬ and in cooperation with other Departments. Here, manent depository for the country’s important too, is the world’s most elaborate messenger-saving records. conveyor system. By compressed air, bulky files In this still unfinished storehouse (the end of may be shot all over the building within 58 sec¬ the Triangle, at least till the proposed Apex struc¬ onds, through passageways leading to a central ture is started) every precaution is being taken

Photos by Horyuczak PART OF THE MASSIVE ALUMINUM ENTRANCE, AN ENTRANCE TO THE CONNECTING WING BE¬ TWENTY-FIVE FEET HIGH, WHICH STANDS AT THE TWEEN THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND THE PORTALS OF THE NEW DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION distribution station and thence to floor units. against the enemies of paper, from fire and water “This,” said our guide, “is how we regulate to light and insects. Air-conditioning throughout heat.” He removed a small cap at one end of his the building will be in effect 24 hours a day, not glorified radiator and turned a dial. Then he ad¬ only moderating temperatures but purifying air to justed a similar device on the other end. “This an extraordinary degree. Every document apply¬ little gadget,” he added, “keeps us as cool as we ing for admittance must pass a board of health. like it in summer.” Fumigated, cleaned, and mended by a delicate THE NATION’S BIOGRAPHY process adding centuries to life, many valuable Nowhere is exact regulation of air condition papers long neglected in miserable quarters will more important than in the Archives Building, learn what it means to have attention and luxury. 719 A GRACEFUL SPAN OF THE NEW ARLING¬ TON MEMO¬ RIAL BRIDGE

expanding its ac¬ commodations has arisen, re¬ quiring some of the extra space of a large inside court to have been held in re¬ serve for the fu¬ ture. “Stupen¬ dous, gigantic, super-colossal production” of t h e Government though this struc¬ ture may be, with its Corinthian columns 60 feet high, its great porticos and he¬ roic statues, it is still not too much building for the biography it must hold.

“TURN ON THE HEAT, PLEASE” “Archives is the 72nd build¬ ing on our list for heat,” said an engineer at the Photo by Horydczak Government’s Central Heating For months, in government files, libraries, store¬ Plant. “That means next winter we will warm a rooms, trained men have been collecting and sort¬ total gross floor area of nearly 17,000,000 square ing the mass of trivial as well as priceless mate¬ feet from this one spot.” rial scattered throueh official Washington, from But they don’t stop all the boilers here even in which to make selection of documentary evidence summer. On a hot day in August, at its high- of American history in the making. walled Southwest home a mile from Archives, we Just what Archives will contain, no one knows peered through dark glass into a giant furnace yet. The Declaration of Independence and the whose red leaping flames scorched our faces. Constitution, considered our most important docu¬ “You ought to see it in winter.” they told us. ments, are now in the Congressional Library, and “The inside of that furnace looks like a snowstorm, it would take an act of Congress to transfer them. with white-hot flames instead of these mild red To overcome various objections to changes; to ones.” separate wheat from the chaff, with an eye not Merely for warm-weather use in heating spiaot only to relative importance in the light of the past, water, or for processed steam to make money, and but with due regard to the future, present almost for other activities of the Bureau of Engraving and insurmountable problems. Already the question of Printing, this plant manufactures and sends steam 720 U S S HIGH* TENSILE STEELS FOR LIGHT WEIGHT CONSTRUCTION The Transportation Industry has come to recognize the economic advantage of car construction materials of greater strength for given weight than are afforded by steels of the usual struc¬ tural grade. The U S S IIIGH-TENSILE STEELS have been developed to meet this need and are offered in three distinctive grades: U S S COR-TEN—a low Chromium Copper Silicon Steel of marked strength and utility, and with a high resistance to atmospheric corrosion which is conservatively estimated at from four to six times that of regular carbon grades of Steel. Numerous excellent properties adapt U S S COR-TEN Steel to a wide range of uses in equipment construction. U S S MAN-TEN—a lower-priced medium Manganese Steel of impressive strength for applications where the corrosion resistance of C S S COR-TEN is not required. U S S SIL-TEN—a strong structural Silicon Steel of still lower price, for applications where neither the at¬ mospheric corrosion resistance of U S S COR-TEN, nor the superior physical properties of U S S MAN- TEN are essential. Descriptive literature will be sent at your request. United States Steel Products Company Export Distributors of the Products of 30 CHURCH STREET Carnegi^-Illinois Steel Corporation, National Tube Company, American Bridge Company, American Steel & Wire Company, American Sheet & Tin Plate Com¬ NEW YORK, N. Y. pany, Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Company cutta

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Offices: New York, Boston, Washington, D. C., Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and in Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, Panama, Colombia, Havana, all West Coast South American Countries, London, Hamburg and Paris. 721 along miles of underground pipes throughout NEWLY most of official Washington at the rate of 70,000 pounds an hour. In winter this speed is stepped up some ten times. RECONDITIONED You can see these pipes for yourself, and walk beside them, without stooping, at from eight to 35 Ships to South America at feet below the surface, and at temperatures which go to 168 degrees F. “Let’s look at the coal coming in,” we said, after NEW LOW FARES ! sampling heat waves of 125 degrees near the exit. Here’s the chance of a lifetime to visit South America’s Mountains of coal are piled up in a court (they beautiful east coast! A travel value as extraordinary as keep 13,000 tons on hand so that, in case supplies the trip itself JS thrilling! are cut off, the plant can run at least 10 days). The fares are the very lowest offered in years! On a conveyor belt, after being lifted by skip The ships are freshly reconditioned, and gleam like new! hoists, this black stream moves endlessly along to¬ You’ll enjoy their bright, cheerful atmosphere . . broad decks . . brand new furnishings . . entertainment . . fine ward its final destination in the boilers, a man food . . excellent service and many other features. Just as watching to pick out any stray bits of trash. you’ll appreciate the smooth sailing qualities their large But you see few men and much machinery in size affords. Each of the four sisters is of 21,000 tons! this building. It has a complete chemical labora¬ Sailings fortnightly, with calls at Bermuda, Rio de Janeiro, tory, floors of machines, and intricate electrical Santos, Montevideo and Buenos Aires. Northbound call at Trinidad. Ask your travel agent for further information equipment, while but one office suffices for ad¬ or apply to ministrative work. “They say here,” smiled the engineer, “that it takes one man to do the Government’s heating, and MUNSON 5.S.LINES the other 64 to take care of our apparatus.” 67 WALL STREET, NEW YORK BOwling Green 9-3300 General Agents: H. L. Mulligan. Inc., 145 Tremont St., Boston; W. P. Wolfe. 1600 Walnut NINE ROBED MEN St., Phila.; J. C. Kelly, 509 Oliver Bldg., . Not all of the new buildings are on pipe lines of the Central Heating Plant, comprehensive as it is. The new U. S. Supreme Court structure, next to the Congressional Library receives winter warmth from Garfield Plant (which also heats DISTINCTION other structures on Capitol Hill), and sets its own summer temperature with its own air-conditioning equipment. Approach this monumental building on a sunny day and you are dazzled by its expanse of white Vermont marble—no less than by the scale and dignity of its architecture. “We didn’t want the Supreme Court to be The Willard served as the dwarfed by the Capitol Group and the Library,” official White House when President and Mrs. Coolidge you hear. It is the visitor who feels dwarfed, as lived here for a month during he walks across a glittering balustrated plaza, his administration . . . With through an entrance portico with massive Corin¬ its modern facilities, the Wil¬ thian columns, supporting a pediment of giant fig¬ lard retains all the traditions exclusively its own. ures. A guard slides back three tons of highly decorated bronze doors as easily as you used to Double Rooms with Bath $6 up Single Rooms with Bath $4 up open up the old-fashioned “parlor.” And you are inside an entrance hall leading to the Main Hall, G)/ie whose actual size cannot be as great as it seems. WILLARD HOTEL Proportion and simplicity are still the most satis¬ "Residence of Presidents” fying of architects’ devices. WASHINGTON, D. C. Behind this hall, on the main axis of the build¬ H. P. Somerville, Managing Director ing, is the Supreme Court Room. In nine lux¬ urious suites, the nine famous men will at last 722 THE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

have a place to work in privacy. They even have “robing” and assembly rooms, connected by a “secret” panel which opens at the touch. Each Justice has his own shower. There are dining rooms for the important, and a cafeteria for the public. Rooms are also assigned to the Clerk of the Supreme Court, Attorney General, the Solicitor General, and one for the Bar and another for visitors. Downstairs is a group of what seem to be tele¬ phone booths without telephones. These are where reporters will receive news releases shot down Svery modern facility for the safe handling from the Supreme Court Room by a compressed- and care of household treasures. air conveyor system. Law books already here, and planned for the building, reach astronomical figures. Yet, remem¬ FEDERAL STORAGE bering various official collections, you hardly blink when you learn that the second floor has a law COMPANY library accommodating 108,000 volumes; that the third floor expects a mere 90,000 more, while a future stack room on the fourth floor may store some 150,000 volumes. Inspired, perhaps, by the smell and sight and Steel for Safety thought of so many books, the hardy tourist usu¬ ally hurries from the Supreme Court to the oppo¬ "Bowling Green” steel lift vans for the site corner, where the Folger Shakespeare Library transportation of household effects any¬ adds its share of interest—if not to Government Washington, at least to public Washington. where is a preferred service — inter¬ nationally known — and available only A LIBRARY FOR EXPERTS through us in Washington. Sealed in It may surprise you at first that in the three steel for safety. years of its existence, only 165 people have used the rare manuscripts and other material in this, TRANSIT INSURANCE the world’s most complete Shakespeare collection. But consider that most of these 165 spent days, FORWARDING AGENTS even months, in the concentrated analysis of the specialist, and you realize what the Folger Libra¬ ry’s service means to students. Not everybody knows that here are valuable works of Dry- OFFICERS E. IC. MORRIS HENDERSON S. DUNN den, Pope, Ben Jonson, Bacon, Browning, even President Cashier Shaw; for the founder, Henry Clay Folger, in¬ HAROLD N. MARSH S. WEBSTER ADAMS Vice-Pres. & Counsel Superintendent tended it to include, not merely the works of JAMES M. JOHNSTON A. RUSSELL BARBEE Shakespeare but a human interpretation of the Vicc-Prcs. & Treasurer Asst. Treasurer H. RANDOLPH BARBEE MARIAN TRUMBULL Elizabethan Age, as well as a study of the influ¬ Secretary Asst. Secretary ence of the poet and playwright on his prede¬ cessors, contemporaries, and successors. DIRECTORS And if few use the collection to its utmost, at CHARLES S. BAKER JAMES M. JOHNSTON H. RANDOLPH BARBEE HAROLD N. MARSH least some 500 visitors a day come to the museum DANIEL L. BORDEN CARROLL MORGAN HANSON E. ELY, JR. E. K. MORRIS to enjoy the sight of manuscripts, relics, original HENRY P. ERWIN CHARLES G. TREAT paintings, figurines, and furniture -— even Eliza¬ D. P. GAILLARD GRIFFITH WARFIELD bethan musical instruments—that recall details of a vanished day. 1707 FLORIDA AVENUE They crowd, too, the small auditorium contain¬ WASHINGTON ing a reproduction of a typical Elizabethan theater, with outer, inner and upper stage.

723 An harassed mother, clinging to two small boys PLAYFUL SCIENCE and many bundles, read aloud to the children Would you like to see your own voice pictured from some words painted there on bright-colored on a chart as you speak? In the National Acad¬ ceiling. “All the world’s a stage, and all the men emy of Sciences down the street from Public and women merely players.” ... “I guess that’s Health, that is only one of the scientific tricks right,” she added, half to herself, as she turned which instructs and entertains. to go. While the Academy Building itself is not brand If you’ve still strength for sightseeing after leav¬ new, many of its exhibits are; and a steady stream ing this pure-white marble temple with its Shake¬ of young and old (especially boys) find delight speare treasures, there is more that’s new in Wash¬ in pressing the buttons and turning switches that ington. Besides “corrections and additions” to the set machinery whirring and lights glowing to illus¬ White House, and other older Federal structures—• trate the habits of natural laws. Here you can see besides new homes for private and semi-official or¬ the operation of fundamental principles on which ganizations — a new Arlington Memorial Bridge our major industries rest. There is a model of a spans the river down by the Lincoln Memorial, wind tunnel like those in which airplanes are test¬ and wide Mount Vernon Highway now speeds the ed before flight; a practical demonstration of the traveler toward George Washington’s old mansion. carbon telephone transmitter; a radio tube in ac¬ Still another new building, within sight of the tion, illustrating by varying degrees of luminosity Lincoln Memorial, is headquarters for the nation’s changes in voice intensity as the visitor speaks into health. telephone. For the public, exhibit rooms full of The telephone rang as we sat, one day last Sum¬ intricate apparatus present fascinating details of mer, in a new office of the Public Health Service. our physical universe—from a swinging pendulum “Infantile paralysis?” asked the doctor. “No, I to demonstrate the rotation of the earth to the wouldn’t advise taking the child to New York to largest and smallest X-ray tubes ever attempted. play in the streets. An average of 50 new cases a But the main work of the Academy, as scientific day reported there.” He hung up and turned to us. adviser to the Government, is more important. In “Since the epidemic,” he said, “we get 75 to 80 war or peace, the management of a nation’s scien¬ such calls every day.” . . . But of course that’s tific resources is the key to its success. only local and incidental. The real work of the Drive away from the Academy Building at clos¬ Service extends from the Canal Zone to the Cana¬ ing time. Traffic is dense; Constitution Avenue is dian border, from to the Philippines, and a mass of cars, eight abreast, as official Washing¬ abroad to every spot, however remote, where Uncle ton shuts up shop and goes home. Sam sends representatives.” “Police here are broadminded,” wrote a visitor He pointed to a wall map thickly dotted with last year in a book on the capital. “You can park red pins. “Every pin is a consulate,” he said, “re¬ anywhere.” But don’t believe it. No Parking from sponsible for mailing to Washington a routine 4 to 6 means what it says, we found out. Maybe weekly report on health conditions in that dis¬ that’s something else that’s new in Washington. trict, and for cabling immediaely in case of sud¬ den outbreak of typhus, plague, cholera or yellow fever. “At home, telegraphed reports from health offi¬ VISITING HOURS IN WASHINGTON’S cers of 47 States keep the Public Health Service PUBLIC BUILDINGS advised on current disease statistics, while weekly For all the new buildings, regular office figures are mailed in from 570 U. S. cities. This hours, from 9 to 4:30. in addition, of course, to cooperation with other The Bureau of Investigation in the De¬ general world-health agencies.” partment of Justice has special sightseeing In their gleaming white, Georgia-marble build¬ trips for visitors at 10:30 and 2:30. ing—a striking contrast to florid yellow marble of At the Supreme Court Building, when the the lobby—all these facts are correlated for publi¬ Court is in session, the visiting hours are cation in numerous reports. And this vital work, from 9 to 4:30. When the Court is not sitting, including lectures, exhibits, distributing health hours are from 9 to 4. pamphlets, is only one of the old and far-flung activities of the Service carried on in all our ports, It is advisable, of course, to plan to com¬ in Marine hospitals, in Federal prisons, in institu¬ plete a visit to a given building not later than tions for drug addicts and lepers, and for cases of 4:30 o’clock. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. 724 SANDS OF DEE (Continued from page 677) Weller’s “col-lection of fabulous animals,” those Golden Lions and White Harts and Blue Boars, knew us not. These we passed by for those mod¬ est legends in cottage windows which notified us of private hostelries. The institution known as “Bed and Breakfast” kept us solvent and gave us, moreover, some priceless human contacts. The popular ships to EUROPE! The woman to whom we first applied, while ex¬ plaining that her own rooms were full, recom¬ WASHINGTON mended the home of her neighbor, Miss Griffiths, who, she declared, was “spotlessly clean.” In¬ MANHATTAN deed, she gave us no chance to demur, for as she $1 WITH SHOWER talked she was leading the way to the cottage of I/O (Cabin Class) These brilliant liners, America’s fastest and finest, have set her friend, and we could only follow. During the new popularity records! Because America recognizes great two-minute walk she took occasion to refer once or value! Large cabins, real beds, tiled shower baths, swim¬ ming pool, immense decks, unsurpassed food, air-condi¬ twice more to her friend’s cleanliness. tioned dining salons. Accustomed as we were to simple accommoda¬ And with the tions, this tiny menage, three rooms, one above President HARDING $126 minimum, the other, in a house made from an old brewery, would hardly have been our choice; but when President ROOSEVELT $133 with shower they offer weekly service to Ireland, England, France and Miss Griffiths looked up from her ironing there Germany. Apply to your travel agent. was that in her flushed, eager face that told us how sorely she needed the four shillings we would give UNITED STATES 4 her for bed and breakfast. So we followed her No. 1 Broadway; 601 Fifth Ave., New York. Other of¬ up a tiny dark stairway, where mop and pail and fices in all principal cities. a fresh-washed smell attested a recent scrubbing, to a really pleasant chamber with a sunny wide window. FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL As a prelude to our acquaintance, Miss Grif¬ fiths burst forth in praise of cleanliness, for which SPECIAL SUBSCRIPTIONS the neighbor had furnished the keynote. She ad¬ Your relatives and friends will welcome this inti¬ mired it in the abstract and in the concrete; she mate news about the Service, the people in it admitted with a candor amounting to charm that and its work. she had, from earliest years, been on the best terms Send them a subscription at our special rate. with this virtue. And the room gave ample proof of her passion. The counterpane was snowy, as ' J, HE JOURNAL offers to each active and as¬ was the light wool blanket beneath it and the sociate member of the American Foreign Service sturdy twilled sheets beneath that. The steady Association the privilege of subscribing for the JOURNAL for or on behalf of relatives and chirp of her voice went on as Miss Griffiths friends at the rate of $2 per year. whisked gleaming towels out of bureau drawers Each member may use up to five of these and settled the tie-backs of the crisp curtains. So special subscriptions. Please use the coupon well-disciplined was that room that all its ap¬ below. pointments seemed to be saying in unison: “We SPECIAL OFFER are clean.” One felt almost constrained to join AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, the chorus, pull the bureau away from the wall, Care Department of State, and say with a flourish, “See? No dust there, Washington, D. C. either.” We agreed to stay one night; we stayed Please send the JOURNAL for one year four nights and four days, and always, after our To walks in and about the village, we gravitated to the chairs our hostess had offered us on either side of her kitchen fireplace. Send bill for $ She was something of a spell-binder, Miss Grif¬ To fiths. Her theme, of course, was her personal his¬ tory, commonplace enough in its details, but the 725 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL tones of her voice, sometimes lilting, sometimes sampled by rats overnight, were rolled up next rich and vibrant, together with her impassioned ut¬ day into respectable looking pies. “Ah-h-h!” cried terance, gave her some fleeting kinship with the Miss Griffiths, in shivering remembrance, “I could lesser queens of tragedy. Within the year she had hardly look the guests in the face when I knew lost her aged father and her epileptic brother, to those things.” whom she had devoted the strength of her youth. Of course, we asked her about “the ladies of She spared us none of the details of their tragic Llangollen,” that curious pair of Irish noblewom¬ deaths; the brother had fallen in one of his fits en whose ascetic existence in their charming Welsh from the face of the cliff across the valley; a bad retreat was once a nine days’ wonder. We had been fall from some steps had hastened the death of to see Plas Newyd, the handsome house where her father, although “he had already broke his “the ladies,” now dust for over a hundred years, heart grieving for his boy.” She numbered the had lived and died, and which the town, with just blood-soaked bandages, the stitches taken by the pride, preserves as a memorial to those leal doctor; she told of her sleepless nights devoted to hearts and true. “Oh,” said Miss Griffiths, “you’ve nursing; of the great void left by the going of been to the old maids’ house. Yes, it’s pretty these two who had been her constant care. Rap¬ there, but the Americans have carried off the best turously she kissed a little locket picture of her of the furnishings.” She had no gift for parrot¬ father—“Father, who was always serious . . . ing the sort of information found in guide books. who thought it a sin to laugh.” The sheets Joe She probably neither knew nor cared that Scott had helped her mangle the day before he fell from and Wordsworth had visited the ladies at Plas the cliff—these she cannot bear to look at now. Newyd. Nor did she rehearse any legends of A deacon of the chapel has become abhorrent to Dinas Bran. Instead she told us about her con¬ her because it was he who enticed father to go temporary, Gussie Evans, whose history is bound down to the village with him that icy day. Such up with that of the ruin. extravagance did not seem a fault in Miss Grif¬ This would belong with the hero sagas were fiths. She must make drama, and sometimes melo¬ not the lustre dimmed somewhat by Gussie’s love drama, of course, of everything she told us. of the “gude red gowd.” All the same it makes Naturally she had had offers of marriage, and a good story, for Gussie is lame and the mountain these lost nothing in the telling. One could pic¬ is high and the season is long, from March to Oc¬ ture the stalwart train guard pleading with her tober; yet for forty years she has toiled up to the in the days when she looked the blooming girl summit to tend the shop at the castle-ruin. “The whose enlarged photograph hung in our bed room. shop” is her life, and although every spring she “He wanted me to marry him and go to London asks Miss Griffiths, “What shall I do this year?” to live, but I told him ’twas no use. I couldn’t she never heeds her friend’s advice, “Give up the leave Father and Joe.” She has no regrets; but shop.” She cannot resist the lure of the shillings now, at fifty-four, she admits that an offer of mar¬ which accumulate from her petty sales, tuppence riage from the right man might not be disdained. for this and for that—a cup of tea, a chocolate One park-bench romance, begun a few weeks be- bar, a look through the camera obscura. So fox-e, might have flowered if Miss Griffiths had not every day she puts on her old cloak and wide grown faint-hearted and failed her rendezvous. black hat, takes her stout stick and starts for the She told us something of the past glories of mountain. With her left leg in its heavy brace, Llangollen, these, to be sure, from an inn-keep¬ her progress is slow and uneven. We gave her ing point of view. In the old days of universal an hour’s handicap, but we had not gone far un¬ prosperity such crowds as had come to the Valley! til we saw her toiling, toiling, not very far ahead, And how generous were the tourists who patron¬ her gray-green cloak scarcely distinguishable from ized the hotel where “Griffiths” was then em¬ the bracken. Protective coloring for Gussie was ployed. Now and then it was a gold sovereign a whim I could not resist. She needs some real that she found under the wash bowl. Even in protection, though, for the boy who follows be¬ those days, it seemed, she had ridden her hobby; hind, bringing her supplies in the saddle paniers her fine reputation for “spotlessness” had flowered of his tiny donkey, soon goes back again with a there. How she hated the practice of mangling load of empty bottles. And Gussie stays up there the sheets instead of washing them! “Please,” she with the mountain sheeep and the birds, some¬ would beg the wife of mine host, “Let me have a times until ten o’clock at night when she plods clean pair for that nice-looking gentleman.” But down again with her day’s earnings in her wal¬ the woman was adamant. “Haven’t got them,” she let. It is a lonely life when trade is dull. Re¬ would say. “Put them under the mangle;” and cently she has had a tussle with a bounder who Griffiths did so with sorrow. The sheets of pastry, tried to rob her cash till. No wonder her friends 726 Behind this symbol are the motion picture producers of America joined in the conviction that entertainment knows no boundaries, thaT the minds and hearts of peoples are drawn together by the humanity of the screen.

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727 worry about her. We found Gussie more histor¬ ically minded than her friend, but the “facts” about Dinas Bran (Crow Castle) are soon told. It is cer¬ Alien Property Custodian Claims tain that in the eighth century it was a powerful stronghold. The less one knows the freer the fancy to reconstruct the life of that shadowy time. Did War Claims tales of Arthur and the Round Table penetrate to that castle in wild Wales where some family was in connection with confiscated properties by living in a savage sort of grandeur? Who were former allied or central governments. their friends, or had they only enemies? It is impossible not to plague oneself with questions Miscellaneous Collections here and abroad, New while wandering through a roofless stone corridor, Financing, Funding of Debts, Re-organization where mountain sheep, settled down for a nap in of Foreign Firms, Incorporation under the shade, scuttle away at one’s approach. Do they, American Laws, Financial Investiga¬ perhaps, know the answer to these questions, they tions and Credit Information and the birds which nest in the window-slits of this skeleton castle? In a stable community like theirs the eighth century may be as yesterday. From Llangollen, which we learned to pro¬ nounce “thlangothlin,” we followed the Dee for a CARL M. J. von ZIELINSKI few miles until we came to a spot with a name Foreign Trade and Financial Adviser yet more musical—Llantisilio. The center of in¬ 99 WALL STREET, NEW YORK terest here is a country church, a gem of Norman architecture, set half way down a hillside but Cable Address: "Zielinski” All Standard Codes Used commanding a view of tidy farms with small acre¬ Agents and correspondents in practically all parts of the world. ages of grain where men are binding sheaves by hand. Near by are Llantisilio Hall, now closed, as are so many manors, and one or two hand¬ some country houses. To one of these, Bryntisilio, there came in the ’eighties, one Mr. Robert THE Browning, to visit his friends, Lady Helena and DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR Sir Theodore Martin. In the church is a tablet recording his visit and stating that he worshiped INSTITUTE there in the Martin pew. The Great Queen her¬ self once visited in this home, doubtless to pleasure 712 JACKSON PLACE, N. W. Sir Theodore, who was her biographer. A wealthy WASHINGTON, D. C. bookie, so they told us, now owns the place. It seemed a novelty to find so exquisite a build¬ Thorough Preparation for the Foreign Serv¬ ing as this tiny church separated by nothing but ice Examinations. a low parapet from the domain of grazing flocks; yet in another way it seemed most fitting, for here Five Months’ Course, beginning Monday, all about us were ancient symbols of abiding , 1935. peace-green pastures, running water, feeding sheep. The little sanctuary with its mouldering tomb¬ Faculty of Experienced University Instruc¬ stones in the churchyard crowned all with its tors. serenity. But as evening drew on the stillness was broken by the plaintive note of lambs that had College Education Required for Admission. strayed from their mothers, and presently all the air was quivering with the sound. The poignant For further information and circular, note added one more note of beauty to the expe¬ address: rience. Perhaps the poets are right—there is no perfect beauty without a touch of melancholy. CAMPBELL TURNER, Director And when travelers returning from the Welsh countryside talk in glowing terms of mountains, Telephone: MEtropolitan 4741 rivers, and castles, I shall probably ask: “And did you ‘listen to de lambs, all a-crying?’ ” 728 JHE /\MERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

NEWS FROM THE FIELD (Continued from, page 697) for a visit in the United States and accompanied by his sister, visited in and Copenhagen on the way.

Secretary Jefferson Patterson arrived at his new post, Oslo, early in September after a brief visit at Copenhagen.

Other visits included those of Consul General Bevan in Stockholm for golf; Lieutenant and Mrs. Harry A. Guthrie, Assistant Naval Attache in Stockholm for official calls; Vice Consul and Mrs. Frederick P. Latimer, Jr., in Stockholm on leave; Mrs. Elizabeth Heisler, wife of Consul C. H. Heis- ler, in Stockholm to visit relatives; Consul Law¬ “Please Pass the rence Higgins in Stockholm and Copenhagen on leave, accompanied by his mother, who returned to the United States in October; Consul John L. Roquefort” Bouchal, retired, and his wife in Copenhagen on the way to . Americans are learning to eat cheese. Transatlantic steamship companies will include in their statistics for August, September and Oc¬ Still far down the list of nations tober trips to the United States for Anna Oster- in per capita consumption of this gaard, clerk at the Legation in Copenhagen; Aagot splendid food, the United States Samuelsen, clerk at the Consulate General in Oslo; Technical Advisor and Mrs. Mancill, Dr. Bush, uses far more than was the case a and Mrs. Walter Dowling—all at Oslo; and trips few years ago. from the United States for Vice Consul Brock- hoist Livingston at Oslo, and Mrs. Erland Gjess- With this growing appreciation of ing, wife of Vice Consul Gjessing at Copenhagen. cheese in general, came also a de¬ mand for the distinctive imported Vice Consul Edwards, of Copenhagen, managed varieties. “Please supply me with to bask in the sun in Venice during October. a pound of imported Roquefort,” Commercial Attache and Mrs. T. 0. Klath ar¬ requests the housewife .... and rived in Copenhagen with their two children in Swift & Company does. time for Mr. Klath to take over, on September 16th. the office recently vacated by Commercial At¬ An efficient, far reaching organiza¬ tache James T. Scott. Mr. Scott was transferred tion, created to supply the Ameri¬ to Washington. Mr. Klath arrived from Washing¬ can table, includes many foreign ton, but was formerly at Stockholm. representatives, thus enabling Swift to furnish fine foreign, as The Big News of the Quarter at Stockholm is well as domestic, foods .... the arrival in October of a group of experts from the Treasury Department. The late Match King’s And for an average profit of only affairs continue to make an experts’ para¬ a fraction of a cent per pound. dise where may be found Assistant General Coun¬ sel Jackson, Assistant Attorney Dawson, Assistant United States Attorney Stone, Technical Adviser Commissioner Reed and Messrs. Miller, Waller- Swift & Company, U. S. A, stedt, Rosenthal and Sternberg, whose titles are nearly as formidable. Each gentleman is accom- 729 panied by his wife and some have completed the picture with children. How far that little match has thrown its beams in this naughty world!

Someone wrote once that “all farewells are sad. and Consul General Bevan’s orders to War¬ saw after seven years at Oslo have been the cause of innumerable expressions of regret from all sec¬ tions of the community. His departure on home leave before turning over to his successor, Consul General William H. Beck, now at Ottawa, who is expected to arrive some time in January, will be a gradual breaking in to the new atmosphere which always surrounds a transfer of “chiefs,” but especially when the one has been in our midst for so long. Mr. Bevan left Oslo for the United States on October 22nd. Mr. Bevan managed to get in a short shooting trip before his departure, but the “bag” was poor as, in fact, all found it this year. Mrs. Biddle’s son and several others accompanied Mr. Bevan, but, the story is that Mr. Bevan was the only one whose aim was true enough to catch the elusive Ryper. During the summer Mr. Bevan made bis long- planned-for trip to Svalbard. The visit of a con¬ sular officer in that region must certainly rank in interest with that of Minister Owen’s Greenland voyage. It is to be hoped that Mr. Bevan will soon contribute an account of his travels for the edification of the JOURNAL’S readers. Two days after the departure of Consul Gen¬ eral Bevan on home leave of absence, the staff of the Consulate General at Oslo was shocked by the sudden death of his son-in-law, Mr. Conrad Gogstad. Mr. Gogstad had been at the ship to see Mr. Bevan off on October 22nd, attended a re¬ ception at the Legation the following day and the next morning was on his way to his office when he became ill and was rushed to the hospital. He died about an hour later. Funeral services were held in Oslo on October 28th. Mr. Gogstad on May 30, 1934, married Corilla Bevan, the only daughter of Consul General and Mrs. Bevan. The very deepest sympathy is ex¬ tended to Mr. Gogstad’s widow and the other mem¬ bers of his family.

Vice Consul and Mrs. Brigg A. Perkins jour¬ neyed from Oslo to Bergen when Mr. Perkins was temporarily in charge.

The official family at Copenhagen feasted on what grew behind a fine pair of antlers that since October have adorned Consul General Maynard’s study. The second pair he gave away at the end 730 JHE /^MERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL ^ of a perfect day for hunting on one of the large Danish estates. The opening of the season for the American Women’s Club was in the form of a tea given by Mrs. North Winship on October 1st, in her home on the outskirts of Copenhagen.

DRESDEN Consul General Arminius T. Haeberle, who is soon to retire from the American Foreign Service after thirty years in the Service, the last ten years of which have been spent in Dresden, has been the object of extensive and unusual entertainment dur¬ ing the past several weeks. TO ANY PLACE Outstanding among the events of this kind was the luncheon given in his honor by Reichsstatthalter IN THE WORLD! Martin Mutschmann, Governor of Saxony and Fed¬ eral Representative, at the Bellevue Hotel, Dresden, Tailor-Made containers to fit each in¬ on October 18, 1935. In addition to the Federal dividual shipment are specially con¬ and Municipal authorities, there were present at this structed in our packing rooms. We luncheon all the members of the Consular Corps recommend this as the most economical in Dresden. method by which shipments can safely At the termination of his speech, the Reichsstat¬ be made. It reduces the risk of break¬ age to a minimum and eliminates the thalter presented Consul General Haeberle with an shipping cost of unoccupied space often exquisite hand-painted mocca service of Meissen caused when the van is not made to porcelain, manufactured in the State Porcelain order. A Special Government Service Works at Meissen, founded in 1710 by “August der insurance policy is available. Starke” (August the Strong), King of Saxony. The service is of exceptional beauty, each cup and saucer FIREPROOF STORAGE in the set being painted in a different famous design of this world-renowned manufactory. We also offer unsurpassed storage facili¬ Numerous dinners, luncheons and teas were given ties for the safe keeping of household furniture and personal effects of every in honor of Consul General and Mrs. Haeberle by description. Hundreds of separate Fire- members of the Consular Corps, by members of the Proof Locked Rooms of various sizes staff of the Consulate General and by other friends. enable you to select the proper space to A large oil painting depicting a view on the Elbe, suit your individual requirements. of which Consul General Haeberle was particularly fond, inasmuch as he saw it daily on his ride to the Our Foreign Agents: PITT & SCOTT, LTD. Consulate, was presented to him by Oberbiirger- London Liverpool Glasgow Havre Paris meister (Lord Mayor) Ernest Zoerner of Dresden. The painting bears a brass plaque with the follow¬ ing inscription: “To Consul General A. T. Haeberle in grateful letcluudj. TRANSFER appreciation of his meritorious service in Dres¬ den during the years 1925-1935. AND STORAGE COMPANY Dedicated by Oberbiirgermeister Zoerner” September 30, 1935. “As a token of devotion from the clerks of the 920 E Street Northwest American Consulate,” a handsome piece of silver was presented to Mr. and Mrs. Haeberle, and, WASHINGTON, D. C. among other gifts from friends and admirers, one JOK A L. NEW'BOLD. PRESIDENT from Dr. Robert McBride, Dean of the American Cable Address "Removals" colony in Dresden, accompanied by a letter of appreciation for Consul General Haeberle’s services to the Americans in Dresden. 731 The Dresden Consular Corps also presented to Consul General and Mrs. Haeberle an album con¬ taining a collection of photographs of the members of the Consular Corps together with their auto¬ graphs. Consul General and Mrs. Haeberle sailed for the United States on the S. S. Washington on Novem¬ ber 6, 1935. Consul General Alfred R. Thomson and Mrs. Thomson, coming from Manchester, England, have received a most cordial welcome in Dresden, where Mr. Thomson takes up the duties laid down by Mr. Haeberle. Masters David and Malcolm Thomson are remaining in a boarding school in England until the Christmas holidays, when Mrs. Thomson will go to England to fetch them. Consul General and Mrs. Thomson entertained at dinner at Hotel Bellevue for Consul General and Mrs. Haeberle on the evening of October 26, 1935. Other guests included Consul General Andre Bois- Photo Salazar. San Salvador VICE CONSUL HARWOOD BLOCKER AND MISS sier of France, Mr. Henri Choleva, General Secre¬ HAZEL AGNES SILL!MAN WERE MARRIED AT THE tary of the International Elbe Commission, Consul SAN SALVADOR AIRPORT Vollmann of Belgium, Mrs. Marguerite Kratina, nee Pressly, Consul and Mrs. J. F. Huddleston and Vice Silliman had been visiting her brother, Elton Ross Consul Bernard Heiler. Silliman, manager of the Pan-American Airways Mrs. Ruth Shipley, Chief of the Passport Divi¬ System for Central America, and Mr. Blocker was sion of the Department of State, accompanied by her to have arrived by plane from Belize on the after¬ niece, Miss Jane Bielaski, recently spent a Sunday noon of October 5, and it was planned to have the in Dresden. Mrs. Shipley and Miss Bielaski were wedding at the Legation that evening. Very un¬ entertained at luncheon by Consul General and Mrs. favorable weather conditions, however, held the Thomson, who motored in the afternoon, with their plane in Guatemala City. It reached San Salva¬ guests, to Meissen to see the famous fourteenth cen¬ dor early the next morning, only an hour and a tury Albrechsburg castle and cathedral there. half before the take-off of the plane that was to Consul and Mrs. John F. Huddleston returned carry the honeymooning Blockers home to Belize, from leave in the United States on October 2, 1935. and it was necessary to hold the ceremony at the Mr. Huddleston enjoyed very successful sea-fishing airport instead of the Legation, some miles away in Florida, as well as a 5,000 mile motor tour in the capital. Minister Frank P. Corrigan was undertaken for the education of the junior Hud¬ one of the official witnesses, and Mrs. Corrigan dlestons. Miss Mary Huddleston remained in the and the Legation staff were also present. United States to attend the “Glynlea” School, near With the cooperation of the officials of the Sal¬ Jacksonville, Florida. vadoran Government, who made it possible to ar¬ Consul General and Mrs. Ralph C. Busser and range all the necessary papers and legal prelimi¬ their son William spent an afternoon in Dresden naries in advance, it is thought that Vice Consul and were guests at luncheon, with Consul General Blocker broke all records for length of residence and Mrs. Thomson, of Consul and Mrs. Huddleston. in El Salvador before getting married in the coun¬ Mr. William Busser is receiving congratulations try, landing at 7, being married by 7:30, and tak¬ upon his appointment as Vice Consul in Warsaw. ing off for Belize with his bride (see picture) at 8:45 A.M.! SAN SALVADOR Foreign Service visitors in San Salvador recently V. H. Blocker, Vice Consul at Belize, British have been Minister and Mrs. Arthur Bliss Lane, Honduras, was married to Miss Hazel Agnes Silli- who were guests at the Legation overnight on Oc¬ man of El Paso, Texas, at San Salvador, on Octo¬ tober 15 when flying from Managua to Washing¬ ber 6. The marriage was performed by General ton, and Third Secretary Walter W. Hoffmann, Jose Trabanino, Governor of the Department of who arrived by ship from New Zealand and Cali¬ San Salvador, and took place in the unusual set¬ fornia on October 26, and left by plane two days ting of the hangar at the Ilopango Airport. Miss later for his new post in Tegucigalpa. 732 When love and skill work together expect a masterpiece.”—JOHN RUSKIN. Consistent reproduction of Quality Engrav¬ ings by this organization is made possible by the Integrity and Skill of our experienced employees. American Foreign Service Jour¬ nal plates are a product of the

ATLAS ENGRAVING COMPANY. WASHINGTON, D. C.

■ilE

733 THE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

Minister Corrigan, the only member of the Serv¬ MONTREAL ice who combines the professions of medicine and Consul General and Mrs. Wesley Frost, with diplomacy, has gone to San Francisco to attend their two younger daughters, Phyllis Priscilla and the annual meeting of the American College of Sophie Jeanne, recently left for Mr. Frost’s new Surgeons. post at Rio de Janeiro, where he has been assigned as Counselor of the Embassy. Their eldest daugh¬ VIENNA ter, Miss Nuala Allison Frost, returned to Oberlin FIFTY YEARS IN THE LEGATION College to complete her senior year before join¬ ing her parents in South America. The departure of Mr. and Mrs. Frost was genu¬ inely regretted by everyone. They left a host of friends at Montreal, and were the recipients of much official and private entertainment before their departure. At a tea, given at the home of Consul and Mrs. James H. Keeley, Jr., the staff at Montreal presented them with a hand-wrought sil¬ ver fruit bowl as a testimonial of the esteem and affection in which they were held.

Consul General Homer M. Byington, recently at Antwerp, has taken up his duties as Consul Gen¬ eral at Montreal.

Upon the departure of Consul and Mrs. Samuel J. Fletcher for their new post at Canton, China, the consular staff at Montreal gave them an en¬ graved silver cigarette box which was presented by Consul General Frost at a reception given in the home of Consul and Mrs. James H. Keeley, Jr.

Consul Joseph I. Touchette from Algiers and FRANZ ZARUBA Vice Consul Leo Toch from Lorenco Marques are expected toward the middle of December. Congratulations to Franz Zaruba, messenger at the Legation at Vienna, who will complete his To the regret of all, Vice Consul George Bliss fiftieth year of uninterrupted service at the Lega¬ Lane has just left Montreal for his new post at tion on , 1935. He was first em¬ Wellington, New Zealand. With him went the ployed in 1886 by James Fenner Lee, and since best wishes of his colleagues and a cigarette lighter that time has served more than thirty Ministers bearing their initials. and Charges. During the first years of his serv¬ ice he had many duties, including riding as a Among the recent visitors to Montreal who liveried footman on the box of the Charge’s coach, were entertained by Consul and Mrs. Keeley were which duty, he complains, used to keep him up the American Minister to Canada and Mrs. Nor¬ so long when accompanying the Charge to the man Armour, the Consul General at Ottawa and Vienna halls, that he often had to go directly to Mrs. William H. Beck, the Consul at Quebec and the chancery to open the office for the new day. Mrs. John Randolph, and the new President of St. He was the only messenger and footman for a Lawrence University and Mrs. Laurens Seelye. twenty-year period but more recently he has had Mrs. Mildred Core, who has recently been visit¬ assistance. ing her son-in-law and daughter, Consul and Mrs. The Secretary of State has sent to Mr. Zaruba a Richard Ford, has now returned to her home in letter of congratulation and appreciation. the United States. One of Mrs. Ford’s sisters, Miss Natalie Core, is spending the winter with her SYDNEY, NOVA SCOTIA while attending McGill University. Vice Consul On the evening of October 30th, Consul Francis Edward Anderson, Jr., recently entertained his H. Styles, Mrs. Styles, and their three children mother, Mrs. Edward Anderson, from Jacksonville, arrived in Sydney, Nova Scotia, after a 1,400 mile Florida, and his brother, Mr. E. R. Anderson, trip by automobile from their home in Virginia. from Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 734 ] HF: ^MEIUCAX' FOREIGN SERVICE DIRECTORY OF FIRMS Ah

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735 SERVICE VISITORS Hugh Corby Fox, Berlin, on leave in New York City 4 The following visitors called at the Department Dudley G. Dwyre, London, on leave 4 during the past month, their names having been Walter H. Sholes, Brussels, on leave 4 taken from the Register in Room 115: Edward B. Rand, Tahiti, on leave. 4 James E. Brown, Jr , Stockholm, on leave ... 5 DATE OF REGISTRATION George T. Summerlin. Panama, on leave 5 October Charles S. Reed, Shanghai, on leave in Cleveland 5 J. F. Burt. Ottawa, on leave 5 Livingston Sattertliwaite, San Jose, on leave 8 J. Klahr Huddle, reporting for duty at Depart¬ Leonard G. Bradford, Budapest 9 ment 5 James 0. Denby, Dublin, on leave 9 Jerry S. Kralieck, , on leave 6 H. Freeman Matthews, Habana, on leave 9 William C. Burdett, Buenos Aires, on leave 6 Gregor C. Merrill, Yokohama, on leave 10 Morris R. Meadows, Berlin, on leave 6 Hugh Corby Fox, Berlin, on leave in New York 10 Robert Newbegin, 2d, Mexico City, on leave 6 Charles S. Miller, Peiping, en route to post 11 Francis L. Spalding, Zurich, on leave in Boston . 6 Harold D. Clum, Lima, on leave in Saugerties 14 Harry L. Troutman, Alexandria, on leave 6 Carroll C. Parry, Prague 14 R. Austin Acly, Tegucigalpa, en route to post 7 S. Reid Thompson, Cardiff, on leave 14 Thomas H. Bevan, Oslo, on leave 7 Frank A. Henry, Nassau, returning to post- 15 Julian L. Pinkerton, Rio de Janeiro 8 Frances Maher, Riga, on leave in Washington.- 15 Cyril L. F. Thiel, Helsingfors, sailing Novem¬ John K. Davis, Vancouver, en route to post 15 ber 13 8 Erik W. Magnuson, Barranquilla, on leave . 16 Calvin Hawley Oakes, Kingston. Jamaica 9 Max W. Schmidt, Tokyo, en route to post 16 Sheridan Talbott, Habana, on leave 9 Franklin B. Atwood, Santo Domingo, on leave 16 T. Eliot Weil, Marseille, sailing November 12 11 Russell W. Benton, Montreal, en route to post .... 18 John S. Littell, Shanghai, on leave in New York 12 George M. Abbott, Riga, on leave in Cleveland — 19 Charles H. Ileisler, Hamilton, Bermuda, on leave 12 E. N. Gunsaulus, St. Pierre-Miquelon, on leave... 21 Jack Wade Dunaway, Managua 12 Beppo R. Johansen, Tokyo, en route to post 21 Glion Curtis, Jr., Budapest, sailing October 23 21 William E. Yuni, Tokyo, sailing November 9 21 Homer M. Byington, Antwerp, en route to new post ... 21 Marc L. Severe, Paris, on leave 21 TEN YEARS AGO IN THE JOURNAL George Bliss Lane, Montreal, en route to Well¬ ington . 22 ® "Turkish Delight” by Edwin Plitt, then Consul at Taylor W. Gannett, Guayaquil, on leave in Omaha 22 Constantinople, was the feature story. H. Merle Cochran, Paris, sailing October 31 22 Andrew E. Donovan, Mexico City, on leave 22 • "The Department and American Enterprise Abroad” Edward E. Rice, Peiping, sailing November 1 23 was contributed by Arthur N. Young, at that time George Hukill, Genoa, on leave 23 Economic Adviser of the Department. Laurence A. Steinhardt, Stockholm, on leave 23 Wales W. Signor, Nassau, on leave in Ypsilanti. 24 • James Orr Denby contributed "Greece,” an inter¬ J. Webb Benton, Prague, on leave 24 esting account of the facilities for archaeological study Dorothy D. Dunham, Madrid, on leave in Florida 24 and travel. John Willard Carrigan, Managua, en route to post 24 ® "Cuenca of the Cliff Dwellers,” accompanied by Albert W. Scott, Belfast, en route to post 24 striking photographs, was written by Augustin W. Fer- Woodruff Wallner, Naples, sailing October 29 25 rin. David C. Berger, Tientsin, on leave 25 R. Allen Haden, Singapore, on leave in Chicago 25 ® The issuance of "bilfelths” (bills of health) in the David K. Caldwell, Tokyo, sailing November 1 25 early hours of the morning at Port Said, was the cause of W. Garland Richardson, Tokyo 25 John Randolph, Quebec, en route to post 26 the plaint of Coert du Bois, whose article, "Night Shift” Cabot Coville, Tokyo, on leave in Washington 26 concluded: M. L. Stafford, Cherbourg, on leave in Windsor, Mo 28 "The first hard work every new consul does after Frederick E. Farnsworth, Istanbul, on leave 29 he has been in Port Said a month is to sit down and W. McG. Harlow, Ottawa, on leave 29 write a good long report to the Department on the J. Forrest Ingle, Prague, on leave 31 shocking situation. I know; there are three such re¬ November ports and there have been three new consuls, and I Winthrop S. Greene, Bogota, on leave 1 was one of them. The Department doubtless thinks Edwin Schoenrich, reporting for duty at Depart¬ it does you good, and now my trick is over, I’m sure ment 1 it does.” Orray Taft, Jr., Warsaw, on leave in Santa Bar¬ bara, Calif. - 1 • Charles W. Holman wrote in light vein on "The W. Quincy Stanton, Casablanca, on leave 1 International Clothes Problem—Trials and Tribulations Robert J. Clarke, Victoria, Brazil, on leave ...... 2 Arthur Bliss Lane, Managua, on leave 2 of American Farm Delegation—Importance of Clothes H. Claremont Moses, Saltillo, on leave 4 in International Diplomacy.” 736 ROCKEFELLER CENTER NEW YORK CITY o' OREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS are cordially invited to visit Rockefeller Center. ^ Mr. Wallace Benjamin of our organization will be pleased to escort you through the development and explain the facilities of our Bonded Warehouse and Special Exhibition Act, which offer exceptional opportunities for foreign manufacturers contemplating the United States market. Dept. E; 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York City. ENJOY NEW YORK

Stand in one of tlie towers of The Waldorf- lies within The Waldorf, and you are part Astoria and survey the New York that lies of it the moment you stop here. People within a few blocks of you. Fifth Avenue, who make news and history meet in the humming with smart shoppers. Broadway, lobbies, the ballrooms, the restaurants. gay with its theatres and amusements. The fashionable world is glimpsed over Park Avenue, Madison Avenue, and up¬ the rim of your cocktail glass. New York town to Central Park. The New York of that amuses . . . New York that matters clubs, art galleries, museums, churches. gathers here. Thus, even your briefest But the other New York that interests you Waldorf visit is stimulating and enjoyable.

Special room rales to Imerican Foreign Service THE WALDORF- ASTORIA PARK AVENUE - 49TH TO 50TH SHUT! NEW YORK