Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester Coro Gulbenkian Jonathan Nott Elena Zhidkova

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Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester Coro Gulbenkian Jonathan Nott Elena Zhidkova Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester Coro Gulbenkian Jonathan Nott Elena Zhidkova 05 mar 2019 jonathan nott © guillaume megevand 05 MARÇO Ciclo Grandes TERÇA Intérpretes 20:00 — Grande Auditório Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester Coro Gulbenkian Coro Infanto-Juvenil da Universidade de Lisboa Jonathan Nott Maestro Elena Zhidkova Meio-Soprano Jorge Matta Maestro do Coro Gulbenkian Erica Mandillo Maestrina do Coro Infanto-Juvenil da UL Gustav Mahler Sinfonia n.º 3, em Ré menor Kräftig. Entschieden (Forte. Decisivo) Tempo di Menuetto Comodo. Scherzando Sehr langsam (Muito lento). Misterioso Lustig im Tempo und keck im Ausdruck (Alegre no tempo e atrevido na expressão) Langsam, Ruhevoll. Empfunden (Lento, tranquilo. Profundo) mecenas mecenas mecenas mecenas mecenas mecenas principal música e natureza estágios gulbenkian para orquestra concertos de domingo ciclo piano coro gulbenkian gulbenkian música Duração total prevista: c. 1h 45 min. Concerto sem intervalo 03 Kaliste, 7 de julho de 1860 Gustav Mahler Viena, 18 de maio de 1911 Sinfonia n.º 3, em Ré menor composição: 1896 estreia: Krefeld, 9 de junho de 1902 duração: c. 1h 45 min. Poucos foram os compositores que, de modo tão Começou por escrever aquele que é hoje o evidente quanto sinuoso, impregnaram a música segundo andamento, Tempo di Minuetto, tendo de si mesmos, num exercício onírico habitado apenas escrito o primeiro, Kräftig. Entschieden, por fantasmas, numa luta subconsciente entre no verão de 1896, depois de ter completado os a realidade, sublimada, e a fantasia, idealizada. restantes seis andamentos. Perante a totalidade Talvez seja este o motivo pelo qual não é da obra, Mahler mergulhou em cinco revisões evidente discorrer sobre a produção musical da sinfonia, acabando por dispensar o sétimo de Gustav Mahler. É o próprio quem nos conduz andamento [que viria a tornar-se no último por trilhos erráticos, vagueando, num aparente andamento da Sinfonia n.º 4]. O segundo acaso referencial, entre notas, acordes andamento foi estreado em março de 1897, e melodias. Paradigmática deste caos em Budapeste, seguido dos terceiro e sexto, controlado é a própria génese da 3.ª Sinfonia. em Berlim, em outubro do mesmo ano. Desde 1893 que Mahler concentrava o seu fulgor A estreia integral da 3.ª Sinfonia viria a criativo nos meses de verão, fruto da intensa ocorrer anos mais tarde, a 9 de junho de 1902, atividade enquanto maestro da Ópera Estadual em Krefeld, dirigida pelo próprio compositor. de Hamburgo e dos famosos concertos por Sobre esta obra maior do repertório sinfónico, subscrição dessa cidade. Em junho refugiava-se não apenas grandiloquente nos recursos em Steinbach, uma pequena aldeia nas margens musicais requeridos, mas também na própria do lago Atter, na Áustria, onde fizera construir duração, convencionou-se afirmar que é o uma cabana para aí compor. Dotado de uma reflexo não apenas da Natureza, mas também disciplina férrea, começava o seu dia de trabalho da forma como o Homem com ela se relaciona. em plena alvorada, regressando ao hotel, Bruno Walter (1876-1962) conta que, no verão onde pernoitava, apenas ao anoitecer. de 1896, em passeio com Mahler à volta Mahler delineou os primeiros esboços da do lago Atter, lhe ouvira dizer, referindo-se 3.ª Sinfonia no verão de 1895. Inicialmente à 3.ª Sinfonia “Estás a ver esta paisagem? pretendia chamar-lhe A gaia Ciência, depois Já não tens de olhar para ela, está tudo dentro Sonho de uma manhã de Verão, mas desistiu da minha música!”. Contudo, outra amiga e de qualquer título. Seriam sete andamentos, confidente do compositor, Natalie Bauer-Lechner cada qual com um subtítulo muito preciso (1858-1921) dá um testemunho diferente no seu mas, antes da estreia, optou por apagá-los. livro de referência Erinnerungen an Gustav Mahler gustav mahler c.1903 © dr 05 Gustav Mahler tradução de ofélia ribeiro Sinfonia n.º 3, em Ré menor (Memórias sobre Gustav Mahler, 1923). Segundo de um instrumento incomum, o fliscorne, Natalie, Mahler dizia que os seus pais eram remeta para a associação romântica deste “como fogo e água. Ele um teimoso e ela pura instrumento com o mundo da saudade e das doçura. Sem esse encontro de extremos, nem eu memórias oníricas, recorrente na literatura nem a minha Terceira Sinfonia existiríamos. alemã do século XIX. 4.º Andamento Experimento uma estranha sensação quando No 4.º andamento O Mensch! Gib Acht! (Friedrich Nietzsche: Also sprach Zarathustra) (Friedrich Nietzsche: de Assim falou Zaratustra) penso nisso”. A esta visão avassaladora da (“Oh Homem! Escuta!”) é retirado do O Mensch! Gib Acht! Oh, homem! Escuta! Natureza, e às memórias afetivas, junta-se incontornável Also sprach Zarathustra (Assim Was spricht die tiefe Mitternacht? O que diz a profunda meia-noite? uma terceira indicação, do próprio Mahler, falou Zaratustra) de Friedrich Nietzsche (1844- “Ich schlief, ich schlief –, “Eu dormia, eu dormia –, que se referia às suas quatro primeiras sinfonias -1900), autor profundamente estudado por aus tiefem Traum bin ich erwacht: – e despertei de um sonho profundo: – como “uma tetralogia”. Nesta perspetiva, a um Mahler. O Canto da Meia-Noite, com o seu Die Welt ist tief, O mundo é profundo, 1.º capítulo, uma Natureza primordial, em que apelo ao despertar do homem, ao abandono und tiefer als der Tag gedacht. e mais profundo do que o dia julga. um herói morre, seguem-se o 2.º capítulo, do “sonho profundo”, introduz o alto solista. Tief ist ihr Weh –, Profunda é a sua dor –, a Ressurreição do herói resgatado, e o 4.º, De sonoridades sombrias, quase inanimado, Lust – tiefer noch als Herzeleid. E a alegria... mais profunda que o sofrimento. a passagem da vida terrena para a vida este delicado noturno extingue-se, tão irreal Weh spricht: Vergeh! A dor diz: Passa! celestial. Assim, a Sinfonia n.º 3, ou 3.º capítulo, como o seu início. Doch all’ Lust will Ewigkeit –, Mas toda a alegria deseja a eternidade –, – will tiefe, tiefe Ewigkeit!” – a profunda, profunda eternidade!” aproximar-se-ia da arquitetura do mundo de À noite sucede-se o dia, e no 5.º andamento ouvem-se as badaladas do campanário. Schopenhauer (1788-1860) e cada um dos seus 5.º Andamento andamentos corresponderiam a essa conceção O coro infantil emula os sinos com a expressão Des Knaben Wunderhorn A Trompa Mágica do Rapaz estético-filosófica, em patamares sucessivos do onomatopaica Bim! Bam!, em contraponto Ser: a natureza inorgânica (I), a Flora (II), a Fauna com a melodia do coro feminino e do alto Es sungen drei Engel einen süßen Gesang, Três anjos cantavam uma doce canção, (III), o Homem (IV), os Anjos (V) e o Amor (VI). solista. O texto Es sungen drei Engel (“Três anjos mit Freuden es selig in dem Himmel klang. que com divina alegria soava pelos céus. O 1.º andamento começa com uma fanfarra que, cantavam”) é retirado da coletânea de poemas Sie jauchzten fröhlich auch dabei: E alegremente rejubilavam também: segundo o compositor, representa a “inércia da tradicionais alemães Des Knaben Wunderhorn daß Petrus sei von Sünden frei! por Pedro ser liberto do pecado! natureza”. Pleno de complexas relações formais, (A Trompa Mágica do Rapaz), publicada em três E quando o Senhor Jesus estava sentado à mesa, o andamento vai percorrendo diversos episódios volumes, entre 1805 e 1809, por Achim von Und als der Herr Jesus zu Tische saß, mit seinen zwölf Jüngern das Abendmahl aß, tomando a refeição da noite com os seus musicais, paisagens melódicas contrastantes, Arnim e Clemens Brentano, e à qual Mahler da sprach der Herr Jesus: “Was stehst du denn hier? doze discípulos, marchas, batalhas, o famoso monólogo de recorreu porfiadamente ao longo da sua Wenn ich dich anseh’, so weinest du mir!” falou então o Senhor Jesus: “Que fazes aí? proclamação, entregue aos trombones e às produção musical. Quando te olho, choras!” trompas, até que o tema inicial é transformado O 6.º andamento é um adagio de uma força numa marcha triunfal de grande exuberância. expressiva indizível. Se o primeiro andamento “Und sollt’ ich nicht weinen, du gütiger Gott? “E não deveria chorar, ó bom Deus? O 2.º andamento é um idílio pastoril, pleno é a representação da Natureza, o último é da Ich hab’ übertreten die zehn Gebot! Quebrei os dez mandamentos! de serenidade, tal qual os prados verdejantes, Transcendência, num gigantesco arco que Ich gehe und weine ja bitterlich! Vagueio e choro amargamente! esparsamente varrido por uma brisa forte, nos conduz a uma única resposta a todas Ach komm und erbarme dich über mich!” Ah, vinde e tende piedade de mim!” abanando as folhas e flores, dobrando-as, as ansiedades da vida, o Amor e a sua força “Hast du denn übertreten die zehen Gebot, Se quebraste os dez mandamentos, no dizer de Mahler: “forçando-as a entrarem criadora e redentora. Mahler escreveu na so fall auf die Knie und bete zu Gott! cai então sobre os joelhos e implora a Deus! margem do manuscrito deste andamento: num reino mais alto”. Liebe nur Gott in all Zeit! Ama Deus somente e para sempre! O 3.º andamento conduz-nos por um delírio “Pai, eis as minhas feridas, não deixes que So wirst du erlangen die himmlische Freud’.” E então alcançarás a alegria divina.” quase carnavalesco, ainda que a utilização nenhuma criatura se perca”. Die himmlische Freud’ ist eine selige Stadt, A alegria divina é uma cidade sagrada, josé bruto da costa die himmlische Freud’, die kein Ende mehr hat! a alegria divina, que não tem fim! Die himmlische Freude war Petro bereit’t, A alegria divina foi ofertada a Pedro, durch Jesum und allen zur Seligkeit. e a todos os homens através de Jesus e para a eternidade. 06 07 Jonathan Nott Elena Zhidkova Maestro Meio-Soprano A cantora russa Elena Zhidkova iniciou a sua sob a direção de Michel Plasson.
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