Annotated Checklist of the Mosquito Species Encountered During Arboviral Studies in Iquitos, Peru (Diptera: Culicidae)'

Home , Iquitos

Joumal of the Arnerican Mosquito Control Association, 16(3):210-218, 2000 Copyright @ 2000 by the American Mosquito Control Association, Inc.

ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE MOSQUITO SPECIES ENCOUNTERED DURING ARBOVIRAL STUDIES IN IQUITOS, PERU (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)'

JAMES E. PECOR,' JAMES JONES,3 MICHAEL J. TURELL,3 ROBERTO FERNANDEZ,4 FAUSTINO CARBAJAL,4 MONICA O'GUINN,3 MICHAEL SARDALIS,3 DOUGLAS WATTS,4 MICHAEL ZYZAK.4 CARLOS CALAMPA5 AND TERRY A. KLEIN3

ABSTRACT. A checklist of the mosquito fauna encountered during arboviral studies in Iquitos, Peru, is presented. A total of 16 genera, 30 subgenera, and 96 species were identified, including 24 species reported from Peru for the lst time. Notations on the tar(onomy and biology for 28 species are also provided.

KEY WOR-DS Culicidae, mosquitoes, checklist, Peru, distribution, bionomics

INTRODUCTION the Peruvian Amazon include Shannon (1933, 1934), Scherer et al. (1975a, 1975b), and Need et A collaborative project to investigate arboviruses al. (1993). Morales-Ayala (1971) provided a list of with mosquitoes associated in the Iquitos area of the mosquito species known to occur in Peru, in- initiated in 1996. Peru was The 3 main objectives cluding 70 species from Loreto Departrnent and 20 of this study were to investigate the epidemiology from the Iquitos area. Need et al. (1993) also pro- of mosquito associatedarboviruses; to identify the vided a list of 25 species identified during arboviral vector and to record species; baseline ecological surveillance studies in the Iquitos area between for the mosquito fauna. data This is the lst in a 1988 and 1991. None of these studies included publications seriesof describing the results of these reared specimens with associated larval and pupal studies. exuviae, nor did they include significant ecological The taxonomic study described below was con- notes. The species encountered in this study are all ducted in support of the above arboviral investi- represented by pinned voucher specimens, with as- gations from 1996-1999. Our objective was to es- sociated ecological data recorded, and, where pos- taxonomic tablish a databaseof the mosquito fauna sible, with associated immature stages. These in the Iquitos area for use in subsequent investi- voucher specimens will serve as a reference for gations. These include studies on vector compe- comparison with subsequent samples encountered tence, arboviral analysis, and the seasonal,vertical, during epidemiological and other studies. and diurnal distribution for individual species. The city of Iquitos (3%6'5, 73"15'W) is located in the Loreto Department of northeastern Peru and METHODS is situated near the junction of the Itaya, Nanay, and Amazon rivers. The general environment To assess the arboviruses present in the mosquito around the city is tropical forest, but it also includes population, periodic collections were conducted in large tracts of secondary growth as well as exten- a wide variety of habitats in the vicinity of Iquitos sive clear-cut areas. The mean annual temperature (up to 40 km outside the city). Collections were is approximately 25"C, with annual rainfall in ex- conducted with Centers for Disease Control (CDC) cess of 250 cm (Penaherrera 1989, Need et al. light traps (baited with dry ice) and human bait 1993). collections. Collections were perfonned in 12-h cy- Previous investigations of the mosquito fauna in cles between 0600 and 1800 h or from 1800 to 0600 h. Paired indoor/outdoor human bait collections were conducted at domestic and peridomestic 'The opinions and assertions contained herein are the sites, whereas those in forested areas were con- private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as ducted at ground level and on a platform L0 m official or reflecting the views of the Department of De- ground. to mosquito fense. The research protocol employing human subjects in above Collectors were exposed this study has been reviewed and approved by the Naval activity for 40 min each hour. The adults were col- Medical Research Center's Committee for the Protection lected with mouth aspirators, and the specimens of Human Subjects. were preserved in pint containers. Concurrent CDC 2 Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Insti- light trap collections were conducted at each site tute of Research, Washington, DC 2O3O7. Address for re- for comparison with human bait collections. Sup- prints: Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support plemental light traps were also utilized alone at sev- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560. Center, eral additional locations. All specimens from each 3 Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research In- cycle were held in large Styrofoam@ stitute of Infectious Diseases. Fort Detrick. MD 21702. l2-h collection a U.S. Naval Medical Resemch Center, Detachment chests and transported to the laboratory for pro- Lima (NMRCD), APO AA 34031-3800. cessing. The adults were examined, sorted, and s Ministry of Health, Iquitos, Peru. counted in pans over ice. Mosquitoes were pooled

2lo SePTEN4gen2000 Crmcrcrsr or Moseurro Specmsnr Penu 2tl by speciesand frozen at *70"C for subsequentviral forms. This total includes 24 species reported from analysis. Peru for the lst time. During these studies, voucher specimens were The number of new distribution records, unre- preserved to document each speciespooled for viral solved species level taxa, and new bionomic data analysis.To assistin speciesidentifications, we ob- reported here clearly demonstrates a need for more tained additional specimens from progeny broods comprehensive investigations of the mosquito fau- of selected species (including Anopheles Meigen, na within the Peruvian Amazon. Aedes Meigen, and Culex Linneaus). These speci- Notations of taxonomic significance for selected mens were obtained from female mosquitoes col- taxa are listed below. These include new distribu- lected from either the human bait or CDC light trap tion records, potentially new species, records ofun- collections. We also conductedsupplemental larval described life stages, identification problems en- sampling from within the study area. countered, new bionomic data, and recent Material retained for taxonomic study was pre- taxonomic changes pertinent to the fauna of the served according to procedures of Belkin et al. atea. (1965). Adults were mounted on paper points at- pins, tached to stainlesssteel insect and the asso- Aedes ciated immature exuviae were preserved it SOVo ethyl alcohol and subsequentlymounted on micro- The genus Aedes was represented in our collec- scope slides. Associated ecological and locality tions by 10 species from 4 subgenera, including 2 data were recorded for all specimenson collection species previously unknown from Peru. forms (Faran et al. 1985) and are on file at the Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit. Important references used for identifications dur- Aedes (Ochlerotatus) angustivitta:tus ing this study include the following: Arnell (1973), (new record) Berlin (1969),Schick (1970),and Zavortink (1972) for the gentrsAedest Faran (1980) and Faran and Apparently, this is an uncommon species in the Linthicum (1981) for the getl,l'rsAnopheles: Berlin Iquitos area. A small number of female mosquitoes and Belkin (1980), Bram (1967), Pecor et al. were collected in CDC traps and human bait col- (1992), Rozeboom and Komp (1950), Sallum and lections at ground level in a partially cleared forest. Forattini (1996), and Valencia (1973) for the genus Eggs were obtained from a single female yielding Culex; Arnell (1973) and Zavortink (1972) for the a progeny brood of 5O adults (23 males and 27 genus Haemagogus Williston; Guedes and Souza females) with associated larval and pupal exuviae. (1964) for the gents Psorophora Robineau-Des- This record represents the southernmost extension voidy; Zavortink (1979) for the genera Trichopro- for this species. sopon Tlreobald and Johnbelkinia Zavortink; and Lane (1953) as a general reference.Additional ci- Aedes (Ochlerotatus') hortatol (new record) tations used for identiflcation of individual species are included in the notes listed below. A small number of Ae. hortator females were Voucher specimens preserved for each species collected in CDC traps and human bait collections are utilized for comparison with specimens from at ground level in a secondary forest. No immature subsequentstudies to ensure accuracy and consis- stages were found. tency. Exemplars of each species identified have been deposited at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, Aede s (Ochlerotatus') s erralus and the Naval Medical Research Center, Detach- ment, Lima, Peru (NMRCD). The terrninology we This species is one of the most common Aedes use follows that of Harbach and Knight (1981). encountered in the Iquitos area both in human bait and CDC trap collections. Although no larvae were found, all stages were preserved from several prog- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION eny broods obtained from blood-fed females taken in human bait collections. Previous reports regard- Between 1996 and 1999, over 500,000 adult ing serratus described 2 distinct adult forms: 1 mosquitoes were processed during arboviral sur- form with and I form without a median longitudi- veys conducted in the Iquitos area. In addition, nal stripe of golden or pale yellowish to white more than 5,000 specimens were preserved for tax- scales on the scutum extending from the anterior onomic study, including over 3,400 adults, 1,800 margin to the scutellum (Arnell 1976, Peyton et al. slides of immature stages, and 25O slides of adult 1983). Both of these forms were routinely encoun- genitalia. Thble 1 summarizesthe speciesencoun- tered. Comparison of material from throughout its tered and the source of the specimensused for the range with specimens from the type locality of ser- identification of each. These studies identified 16 ratus (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) will be needed to re- genera, 3O subgenera,89 species,and 7 unnamed solve the taxonomic status of these 2 forms. 2r2 Jounr.ra- oF THEAMERTCAN Moseurro Covrnol Assocnnox Vor-. 16, No. 3

Table l. Mosquito speciesidentified during field studiesin lquitos, Peru, from 1996-1999. Source of taxonomic specimens used for identifications is indicated by an X, and an asterisk (*) indicates a species reported from Peru for the lst time.

Collection method

Human Progeny CDC trap bait lmmature brood

Aedeomyia (Aedeomyia) l. squamipennls (Lynch Arribalzaga) Aedes (Howardina) 2. Iquitos form Berlin Aedes (Ochlerotatus\ *3. angastivittatus Dyali and Knab X X 4. fulvus (Wiedemann) X ; X 5. hastatus Dyar X X X *6. hortator Dyar and Knab X X '7. serratus (Theobald) X X X 8. serratus [dark forml X X x 9. undetermined X Aedes (Protomacleaya) lO. argyrothorax Bonne-Wepster and Bonne Aedes (Stegomyia) 17. aegypti (Linnaeus) Anopheles (Anopheles) 12. forattinii Wilkerson and Sallum X X x X 13. mattogrossensis Lutz and Neiva X x X 14. peryassui Dyar and Knab x X Ano p he le s (ktphop odotny ia) 15. squamifemzr Antunes Anophe le s (Ny ss orhy nc hu s) 16. benarrochi Gabaldon, Cova-Garcia, and Lopez X x 17. darlingi Root X ; X 18. nuneztovari Gabaldon- X X x 19. oswaldoi (Peryassu) X X X 2O. rangeli Gabaldon, Cova-Garcia, and Lopez x 21. triannulatus (Neiva and Pinto) x X x x Anophe le s (Stethomy ia) 22. undetermined x C o qui lle ttidia (Rhy nc hotaenia) 23. albicosta (Peryassu) X X 24. arribalzagae (Theobald) x X 25. hermanoi (Lane and Coutinho) x 26. j uxtamansonia (Chagas) 1 X 21. lynchi (Shannon) X 28. nigricans (Coquillett) X X 29. venezuelensis (Theobald) X X Culex (Aedinus) 3O. amazonensis (Lutz) Culex (Anoedioporpa) *31. conservator Dyar and Knab Culex (Carrollia) 32. bonnei Dyar X 33. urichii (Coquillett) X Culex (Culex) 34. coronator Dyar and Knab x x x 35. declarator Dyar and Knab x x : x 36. mollis Dyar and Knab x x 37. nigripalpus Theobald x : 38. quinquefasciatus Say x x Crncnrsr oF Moseurro Specresw Prnu

Collection method

Human Progeny CDC trap bait Immature brood

Culex (Lutzia) 39. allostigma (Howard, Dyar, and Knab) Culex (Melanoconion) 40. adamesi Sirivanakarn and Galindo X 41. bastagarius Dyar and Knab X x *42. caudelli (Dyar and Knab) ; *43. distinguendus Dyar ; X X 44. dunniDyar X x X *45. eastorDyar X *46. gnomatus Sallum, Hutchings, and Ferreira X x *47. intrincatus Brethes X X ; *48. isabelae Duret x *49. ocossa Dyar and Knab x ; X *50. olimpioi Xavie! da Silva, and da Silva Mattos x *51. pedroi Sirivanakarn and Belkin x x ; *52. pilosus (Dyar and Knab) x x *53. portesi Senevet and Abonnenc X 54. purumayensis Matheson X *55. serratimarge Root X *56. spissipes (Theobald) X ; X 57. theobaldi (Lntz) X *58. vomerifur Komp X 1 : 59. sp. I x 60. sp.2 X Culex (Microculex) *61. elongatus Rozeboom and Komp X *62. stonei Lane and Whitman X Culex (Phenacomyia) 63. comiger Theobald Haemagogus (Conoposte gus) *64. sp. [small Colombian form] H ae ma g o g u s (Hae ma g o gus) 65. baresi Cerqueira X 66. janthinomys Dyar X Johnbelkinia 67. longipes (Fabricius) Limaus 68. durhamii Theobald 69. flavisetosus de Oliveira-Castro 1 Mansonia (Mansonia) 7O. amazonensis (Theobald) x 7 l. flaveola (Coquillett) X x 72. humeralis Dyar and Knab X X 73. indubitans Dyar and Shannon x x 74. pseudorttillans (Theobald) x 75. titillans (Walker) X X Orthopodomyia 7 6. fascipes (Coquillett) x P s o ropho ra (G rab hamia) 77. cingulata (Fabricius) P s o rophora (J anthino s oma) 78. albigenu (Peryassu) X X X 79. ferox (von Humbolt) X x X Joumll on nre Arr,rsnrcnNMosquno CoNrnol Assocnrrolr Vor-. 16, No. 3

Collection method Human Progeny CDC trap bait Immature brood P s o ropho ra (P so ropho ra) 8O. cilipes (Fabricius) Sabethes (Sabethes) *81. amazonicas Gordon and Evans x 82. cyaneus (Fabricius) X X ; 83. quasicyanezs Peryassu x X X Sabethes (Sabethoide s) 84. chloropterus (von Humbolt) Toxorhynchite s (Lynchie lla) 85. haemorrhorZalis (Fabricius) Trichoprosopon 86. digitatum (Rondani) U ranotae nia (U ranotae ni a) 87. apicalis Theobald X 88. calosomnta Dyar and Knab X x 89. geometrica Theobald X X 9O. hystera Dyar and Knab X 91. pallidovenrer Theobald X 92. pulc he rrima Lynch Arribalzaga x Wyeomyia (Decamyia) *93. pseudopectenDyar and Knab X *94. ulocoma (Theobald) X Wyeomyia (Dodecamyia) 95. aphobemaDyar Wye omyia (subgenus uncertain) *96. flui (Bonne-Wepster and Bonne)

Aede s (Ochlerofafzs) undetermined considered An. mediopunctatus actually represents 3 distinct species. These include An. mediopunc- We collected a small number of female Aedes tatus s.s., presenfly known to occur only in the (Ochlerotatus) that we were unable to identify. Fe- coastal states of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo in males were collected biting humans at ground level southeastern Brazll; An. costai, which was previ- in the heavy shade of a secondary forest between ously considered a synonym of mediopunctatus: 0600 and 1700 h. This is apparently an undescribed and An. forattinii, recently described by Wilkerson species that superficially resembles Ae. (Och.) sca- and Sallum (1999). According to Sallum et al. pularis (Rondoni) but lacks the subspiracular scales (1999) and Wilkerson and Sallum (1999), previous characteristic of the Scapularis Group. Males and reports of An. mediopunctatus in Peru actually refer the immature stages are needed to accurately char- either to Az. costai or An. forattinii. During the pre- acteize this species. sent study, only individuals of Az. forattinii werc collected. Specimens were collected as adults at hu- Anopheles man bait and as larvae in heavily shaded forest pools. In addition, progeny broods of An. forattinii Morales-Ayala (1971) listed 23 species of were preserved from females collected on human Anopheles from the Loreto Department, and al- bait. Characters provided by Wilkerson and Sallum though this species was not a primary focus of this (1999) readily identify this species. study, l0 species from 4 subgenera of Anopheles were encountered. Culcx Anophel.e s (Anophele s) forattinii Of the 16 genera collected, Czlex showed the Studies of An. (Ano.) mediopunctatas by Sallum greatest diversity. We identified individuals of 34 et al. (1999) showed that what had been previously speciesfrom 8 subgenera,including 17 speciesnot SePTEvsen 20OO CrccKLIsr op MosQurro SpecmsrN Ppnu 215 previously known from Peru and 2 undescribed between 1800 and 0600 h in the vicinity of the tilxa. larval habitat.

Culex (Anoedioporpa) consemotor (new record) Culex (Melanoconion) easter (new record)

The subgenus Anoedioporpa has been reported We preserved a single male with associated lar- from Peru only once previously, as an undeter- val and pupal exuviae of Cx. easter from a collec- mined species by Louton et al. (1996). This group tion in a secondary forest along the partially shaded is not commonly reported from mosquito studies edge of a slow-moving stream. Identification is because immature forms of this subgenus inhabit based on the male genitalia. containers. and the adults are nocturnal and do not (Berlin bite humans and Belkin 1980). We collected Culcx (Melanoconian') gnomatas (new record) larvae of Cx. (And.) consewator from an artificial container at ground level in a secondary forest. Tlvo The description of C.r. gnomatus by Sallum et al. males and 6 females with associated immature ex- (1997) was based on specimens obtained from a uviae were preserved. Species found in association Shannon trap, CDC light trap, ultraviolet malaise with conservator included Cx. (Car.) bonnei, Cx. trap, and malaise trap set in a primary rain forest (Car.) urichii, Li. durhamii and Tx. (Lyn.) hae- in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. This species is morrhoid.alis. Culex conservator was in the type closely related to Cx. vomerifer and is only known species of the subgenus Anoedioporpa and, accord- in the adult stage. We collected females of gnom- ing to Berlin and Belkin (1980), is the most abun- atus or human bait between 1800 and 0600 h in a dant and widespread species in this group. secondary forest. Both males and females were also The largest numbr of Culex species encountered collected in CDC traps between 1800 and 0600 h (21) belongs to the subgentls MeLanoconion. As and in traps set at ground level in the vicinity of currently interpreted, this large and diverse group the human bait collections. of mosquitoes includes at least 157 named species. These are divided into 2 major groups: the Melan- (Melanoconion) (new oconion Section, with 134 species, and the Spissi- Culex isabelae record) pes Section, with 23 species. previously known from the Identification of species from the Melanoconion This species was Duret (1968) and was based Section was heavily dependent on the male geni- original description of August 3, l9@, in Car- talia, as the female, larval, and pupal stages for a on a single male captured collected larvae large number of the species are unknown or poorly acarai. Roraima State, Brazil. We (2 males and 2 females) described (see Pecor et al.1992:.89). Fourteen spe- that resulted in 4 adults pupal exuviae from cies of the Melanoconion Section were identified with associated larval and grasses roadside ditch next from the Iquitos area. These species were deter- emergent along a small genitalia were eas- mined primarily by the comparison of dissected to a secondary forest. The male were genitalia with the illustrations included in Pecor et ily identified as Cx. isabelae. No other species al. (1992). associated with these larvae. The female, larval, The Spissipes Section of Melanoconian includes and pupal stages of Cx. isabelae are undescribed. several species that have been recognized as vec- tors of arboviruses. Sallum and Forattini (1996) and Culex (Melanoconian) ocossa (new record) Sallum et al. (1997) provided descriptions and keys to differentiate adults ofthe Spissipes Section; they This species was identified from adult females also provided biological and other data for each taken both in human bait and CDC light trap col- species. We identified 7 species of the Spissipes lections at several locations. In addition, larvae Section in the Iquitos area, including adarnesi, were found in a permanent pond that contained gnomatus, ocossa, pedroi, portesi, spissipes, and dense patches of Pistia around the margins. The vomerifer. Of these, only Cx. adamesi was previ- larvae of Cx. (Mel.) dunni and An. (Nys.) triannu- ously known from Peru. latus were also found in this habitat. Identification of Cx. ocossa is based on female and male genitalia characters (Sallum and Forattini 1996). Galindo and Culex (Melanoconion) distinguendus Adames (1973) implicated Culex ocossa (as Cx. (new record) aikenii [Aitken and Rowland]) as a vector of Ve- nezuelan equine encephalitis in Panama. Larvae of this species were encountered in a heavily shaded pit located next to a footpath in a secondary forest. This pit was apparently man- Culex (Melanoconion\ olimpioi (new record) made, approximately 2 feet deep, and periodically fllled with rainwater. Males of this species were Xavier et al. (1970) described Cx. olimpioi from also encountered in light traps set at ground level a single male collected in a Shannon trap with light 216 JounNll oF THE AMERTcANMoseuno CoNrnol AssoctatloN VoL. as bait from Rio Branco in the State of Acre. Brazil. Culex (Melanoconion) spissipes (new record) We encountered larvae of Cx. olimpioi in a slow- moving stream (see note above for Cx, easter).We Females of this species were taken in human bait preserved 5 males and 9 females with associated and light trap collections, but larvae were not en- larval and pupal exuviae from this collection. The countered. A single progeny brood obtained from distinctive male genitalia served as the basis for our an engorged female taken in a human bait collec- identification. The female, larval, pupal and stages tion was preserved. Culex spissipeJ has been im- of olimpioi are undescribed. Larvae of species plicated as a possible vector of several viruses from found in association with C;. olimpioi (in included the family Bunyaviridae as well as Venezuelan order of abundance): An. (Nys.) (Cux.) darlingi, Cx. equine encephalitis. mollis, An. (ktp.) squamtfumur, An. (Nys.) oswal- dn| Cx. (Phc.) corniger, Ur. (Ura.) calosomata, ard Cx. (Mel.) easter. Culex (Melanoconion) vornerifer (new record)

Culex (Melanoconion) pedroi (new record) Similar to Cx. gnomatus, Cx. vomerifer was encountered in human bait and light trap collections. Morales-Ayala (1971) reported Cx. taeniopus Identification was confirmed based on adult char- from Loreto Department but did not list a specific acters provided by Sallum and Forattini (1996) and locality. According to Sirivanakarn and Belkin Sallum et al. (1996). (1980), Cx. pedroi had been previously confused with Cx, taeniopus. Sallum and Forattini (1996) re- Cukx (Melanoconion) sp. I described Cx. pedroi and provided characters to separate this species from other members of the Spissipes Group of Culex (Melanoconion). We Three males of an undescribed species of Culex identified adults of Cx. pedroi from both human (Melanoconion) were obtained from a CDC trap set bait and light trap collections at several locations between 1800 and 0600 h at l0 m above the ground in the Iquitos area. Whereas adults of pedroi were in a secondary forest. Based on the male genitalia, commonly encountered, the larval habitat was not this species is similar to, but distinct from, Cx. me- located. Immature stages were preserved from sev- sodenticulatus Galindo and Mendez. eral progeny broods obtained from blood-engorged females taken in human bait collections. Since this (Melanoconion) species is common in the study area and we found Cakx sp. 2 no evidence of the presence of taeniopus, we be- lieve previous reports of Cx. taeniopzs in the Iqui- The same collection described above for Culex tos area refer to Cx. pedroi. sp. I also yielded 2 males of another species that we could not identify. On the basis of the male genitalia, this species is similar to Cx. dureti Casal Culex (Melanoconion) pilasus (new record) and Garcia but is apparently an undescribed species. According to Pecor et al. (1992), Cx. pilosus is known from the United States south to Argentina, but it has not previously been reported from Peru. Culex (Microculex) elongafzs (new record) We collected larvae of pilosas in the clear water of a road rut and a roadside ditch, both in full sunlight The subgenus Microculex has a wide distribution and with grasses. pi- abundant emergent Larvae of (from Mexico to Argentina). However, since fe- losus were also encountered in the margins a of males are not attracted to humans, species of this small, slow-moving flooded stream (also with abun- group are commonly overlooked in mosquito sur- dant emergent grasses and in full sunlight). Larvae veys. Heinemann and Belkin (1979) reported spec- of An. (Nys.) darlingi were also found in this hab- imens of an undetermined species of Microculex itat. One male of Cx. pilosus was taken in a light collected in June 1975 from terrestrial bromeliads trap set l0 m above ground in a secondary forest. "Bella located 1.5 km from Vista, Callaru River" The characteristic larval stage and male genitalia in Loreto Department, Peru. This is the only pre- readily distinguish this species. vious reference to a species of Microculex from Peru. We preserved a single male, collected in a C ule x (M elanoc o nion) senatimarg e CDC light trap set at ground level between O6OO (new record) and ISOO h. Based on the dissected genitalia, we determined this species to be Cx. elongatus. koze- A single male was collected from a light trap boom and Komp (1950) described this species from set at ground level in the forest between 1800 and larvae reared from collections from bamboo inter- 0600 h. nodes in Meta. Colombia. Sep,rsrrassn2000 CrGcKLrsror Moseuno SpsctEsIN PERU 217

Culex (Microculex) stonei (new record) and 1800 hours. These specimens are provisionally identified as Sa. amazonicus pending completion of We collected a single female from a CDC trap ongoing revisionary studies (Harbach, personal set out at the edge of a forest approximately l0 m communication). from a house. This species was lst reported from the Amazon region by Forattini and Toda (1966) Wyeomyia from specimens collected in bromeliads in Para State. Brazil. Wyeomyia (Decamyia\ ps eudopectin (new record)

Haemagogus Larvae collected from heavily shaded bromeliads at ground level in a secondary forest were identified Haemagogus (Conopostegus) sp. lsmall as Wy. pseudopectin Lane (1953) illustrated the Colombian forml (new record) male genitalia for this species; this illustration was We collected a single female of this species in a the basis of our identification. Females were also human bait collection in a secondary forest. We taken in human biting collections in the shaded ar- identified this form using Zavortink (1972), who eas of a secondary forest between 0600 and 1800 h. did not provide a name for this species, citing a lack of material. He based his description on 3 Wyeomyia (Decamyia) ulocoma (new record) specimens (2 females and I male genitalia from Colombia and Ecuador) and provided characters to One of the bromeliads from the site described distinguish this form from other members of the above for Wy. pseudopectin also yielded a single subgenus Conoposte gus. collection containing larvae of Wy ulocoma. Tlre male genitalia easily separates this species from all Mansonia other Wyeomyia.

The genus Mansonia is represented by 6 species Wyeomyia (new record) in the Iquitos area (Table l). Adults were common- flui ly collected in both human bait and CDC light trap Although larvae of this species were not found, collections. Most females were well marked and adults were taken in human bait collections in a easily identified (Lane 1953:591). The most com- secondary forest between O6OOand l8O0 h. Lou- monly collected adults were Ma. indubitans and renco-de-Oliveira et al. (1999) provide characters Ma. titillans. The separatiofl of titillans from in- to distinguish this species from other Wyeomyia. dubitans based on female palpi was not consistently reliable. Under field conditions, attempts to mea- sure the palp to proboscis ratio can be adversely ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS affected by specimen orientation, condition, or available lighting. It is not always possible to ac- We are indebted to Richard C. Wilkerson and curately and quickly determine if the palp to pro- Daniel Strickman (Department of Entomology, boscis ratio is 1/3 (as in titillans) ot ll4 (as in in- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washing- dubitans), unless each specimen is individually ton, DC) for their critical review of this manuscript. measured using a micrometer. Using characters of Special thanks are also due M. A. M. Sallum (Re- the female genitalia proved to be quicker and a search Fellow, Smithsonian Institution) and the late more accurate method of separating these 2 species. E. L. Peyton (Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit) for As described by Pratt (1953), this is accomplished assistance in the identification of selected species. by the examination of the spiniforms along the api- This research was supported in part by the U.S. cal margin of the 8th tergum. By gently squeezing Naval Medical Research and Development Com- the abdomen with a pair of forceps, the 8th segment mand, Bethesda, MD, Work Unit 630024 810 is extruded, and these spiniforms can be easily ex- 1815. amined. The spiniforms are evenly spaced in indubitans, whereas in titillnns the apical row of ap- REFERENCES CITED proximately 8 (6-9) spiniforms are clumped Amell JH. 1973. Mosquito studies (Diptera, Culicidae). together at the midline. Illustrations for both spe- XXX[. A revision of the genus Haemagogus.Contrib cies are provided by Pratt (1953). Am EntomolInst (Ann Arbor) lo(2):l-174. Arnell JH. 1976. Mosquito studies (Diptera, Culicidae). XXXII. A revision of the ScapularisGroup of Aedes Sabethes (Ochlerotatus). Contrib Am Entomol Inst (Ann Arbor) Sabethes (Sabethes) amazoni.us (new record) I3(3):r-rM. Belkin JN, Hogue CL, Galindo P, Aitken THG, Schick A small number of females were taken in human RX, Powder WA. 1965.Mosquito studies(Diptera, Cu- bait collections in a secondarv forest between O6OO licidae). II. Methods for the collection, rearing and pres- 218 JounNeI-or rrm AuenrcaN Moseurro CoNrnol Assocnrrou Vol. 16, No. 3

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