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Iquitos 3 Iquitos IQUITOS 3 Iquitos First Spanish edition: June, 2014 First English digital edition: April, 2015 © Telefónica del Perú S.A.A. Avenida Arequipa 1155, Santa Beatriz, Lima www.telefonica.com.pe Edition by Varón Consultores Asociados S.A.C. www.varonconsultores.com Rafael Varón Gabai and Carlos Maza, editors Graphic and photographic edition; art dossieres selection: Christian Bendayán Graphic design and composition: ma+go www.magoconcept.com Cover photo: Rodrigo Rodrich Maps and infographics: Raúl Rodríguez English transalations: Ana Chávez-Tafur, pages: 76-81, 92-103, 110-125, 136- 139, 162-167, 244-247, 254-259. Carlos Maza, pages: 7-12, 279, 303, 322-334. Carolyn Palma, pages: 16-67, 126-131, 148-153, 168- 175, 188-193. Bertha Pancorvo, pages: 84-89, 176-187, 210-217, 268-275. Sully Vaiser, pages: 68-75, 104-109, 140-147, 154-161, 194-206, 218-243, 248-253, 260-267. This book is an electronic publication available on- line at no cost in: http://www.telefonica.com.pe/libros Legal Deposit in Biblioteca Nacional del Perú, No. The authors of each article, artwork and/or photography included in this book are absolutely responsible for their contents. Opinions and points of view of the contents do not necessarily represent those of Telefónica del Perú nor those of the editors. 4 IQUITOS IQUITOS 5 CONTENTS Presentation 9 Javier Manzanres CEO of Grupo Telefónica in Peru Prologue. Iquitos: Identity and Perspective 10 Manuel Pulgar Vidal Head of the Ministry of Environment of Peru Introduction. Luminous and Creative, Chaotic and Uncertain Iquitos 12 Rafael Varón Gabai, Editor 01 HISTORY 02 ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT Archeology and Ethnology On the Origins of Amazonian Biodiversity in the Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi, John Flynn, Daniel Morales Chocano Patrice Baby, Julia Tejada-Lara and Ana Mujica Baquerizo ........................................ 18 and Pierre-Olivier Antoine ....................................... 86 Iquitos in the 19 th Century: [Infography] Prehistoric Iquitos ........................... 92 The City and the Port Jorge Ortiz Sotelo ........................................................ 24 Iquitos: Biological Crossroads José Álvarez Alonso .................................................. 94 The Founding of Iquitos: Conflicting Opinions Martín Reátegui Bartra ............................................. 32 Rivers and Their Resources Salvador Tello ............................................................. 100 Iquitos, Federalist Capital in 1896 Frederica Barclay Rey de Castro .............................. 40 Much More Than Wood: The Amazon Forests The Rubber Times: Dennis del Castillo Torres ........................................ 106 A Tragic and Unknown History Alberto Chirif ............................................................. 48 Law in the Jungle: Illegal Mining in the Peruvian Amazon [Infography] The Rubber Times ............................. 56 Manuel Pulgar Vidal .................................................. 112 The Literate Forest: The Putumayo Events Iquitos, on the Banks of the Great River and Roger Casement’s Visit in Lima’s Press Walter H. Wust ........................................................... 118 Manuel Cornejo Chaparro ......................................... 58 Protected Natural Areas: A 19 th Century Idea Archeological Remains Alive in the 21st Century for the Benefit of the from the Rubber Times in Iquitos Peruvian Amazon Santiago Rivas Panduro ............................................. 64 Gustavo Suárez de Freitas Calmet .......................... 122 Iquitos, the River Capital of the World Twelve Questions Róger Rumrrill ............................................................ 70 for the Construction of Loreto’s Future Marc Dourojeanni ..................................................... 128 Iquitos So Far and So Close: A Century of Telecommunications in the Amazonia [Infography] Sustainable Development Edilberto Huamaní Huamaní ................................... 78 in Loreto ..................................................................... 134 6 IQUITOS 03 INTER-CULTURAL SOCIETY 04 ARTS Iquitos, Indigenous City Literature in Iquitos Maritza Ramírez Tamani ...................................... 138 Ricardo Vírhuez Villafane ........................................ 212 The Kukama-Kukamiria Cosmopolitics of Ayahuasca in César Calvo’s and their Role in the History of Loreto “Las tres mitades de Ino Moxo” Rosa Vallejos Yopán ................................................ 142 Christian A. Elguera Olórtegui ................................ 220 Shamanism and Traditional Medicine Chronology of Film in Iquitos in the Iquitos Region from Its Origins to 1980 Jean-Pierre Chaumeil ............................................. 150 Joaquín García ........................................................... 226 Chants of War, Love and Death: Aesthetic Film in Iquitos and Therapeutic Emotion Emilio Bustamante .................................................... 232 in Amazonian Shamanism Fernando Santos Granero ..................................... 156 Antonio Wong Rengifo: The Man Who Embraced the Sun of Loreto Belén, a People’s Rebellious Magic Paco Bardales ............................................................. 242 Martín Reátegui Bartra ......................................... 164 Herzog and “Fitzcarraldo”: Amazon Gastronomy: The Reality of Dreams Fusions and Confusions and an Interview with Jorge Vignati Alberto Chirif .......................................................... 170 Carlos Maza ................................................................. 246 Amazonian Cuisine Today Under the Musical Sun of Loreto Pedro Miguel Schiaffino ......................................... 178 Alfredo Villar .............................................................. 250 Cultural Diversity in Iquitos Bands Assault Iquitos! and the Challenges of an Short History of a Recent Musical Past Intercultural Education Francisco Andía ......................................................... 256 Elena Burga Cabrera .............................................. 184 Women of the Forest The Urban “Bosquesino” Antuanet Gálvez Orosco ............................................ 262 in Iquitos’ Peripheral Neighborhoods Jorge Gasché Suess ................................................. 190 The Art of a Timeless People Christian Bendayán ................................................... 270 Amazonian Cities and Cultural Transfiguration Joaquín García ........................................................ 196 [Dossier] Painting ..................................................... 281 Iquitos: Urban Planning and Architecture [Dossier] Photography ............................................. 305 Alberto Ríos Moreno and Eduardo Durand López Hurtado .................. 202 [Infography] Tropical Solutions: The Authors ................................................................ 324 Vertical and Cross Ventilation ........................... 209 Bibliography ............................................................... 330 IQUITOS 7 PRESENTATION SINCE MARCH 2014, IQUITOS HAS GAINED AccESS TO HIGH SPEED INTERNET CONNECTION. IN A FORTUNATE COINCIDENCE, THE MODERN PORT OF IQUITOS, BASIS OF THE THRIVING CITY IT IS TODAY, REACHES ITS 150 ANNIVERSARY SINCE THE FAMOUS ARRIVAL OF THE PERUVIAN NAVY’S SHIPS THAT IS THE LANDMARK OF IQUITOS’ MODERN ERA. The arrival of Broadband connection in Iquitos allows tions and richness. The book contains extraordinary to benefit this city’s population with better communi- photography, illustrations and infographies that make cation and, at the same time, to invigorate its economy it a dynamic and modern publication and enhance the through the investments made and the jobs generated reading experience, thrilling on its own. by the infrastructure works that covered a distance We want to make the knowledge and the informa- esteemed in 5,000 km on land and river. We accom- tion contained in these pages reach the broadest audi- plish in this way our mission: to bring the latest and ence possible, in accordance with Telefónica’s contri- the best of technology to Peruvians. bution to a better knowledge and development of Peru, Iquitos represents the borders of what we consider therefore the book is offered in both a luxury edition national. It is the most far away place and, therefore, and a massive edition. Moreover, digital versions in the richest in legends and mystery, beauty, magic and Spanish and English are available on the Internet. We promise of discovery. Set deep in the heart of the enor- are sure that reading and discussing of this collection mous and complex natural and human system — the of knowledge will help to enhance what the Amazonia Amazonia — the city of Iquitos incarnates the jungle and the city of Iquitos means to all of us. and its enigmatic union with the past, the environ- I would not want to end these words without ac- ment and a future of development with which we are knowledging the scientists and artists that contribut- all commited to make harmonious and sustainable. ed to the book, and the people of Iquitos and its hon- As a tribute to this special city, capital of the Pe- orable authorities for their restless search for a better ruvian Amazonia, we are pleased to present this il- future through development. lustrated book. Through these pages the reader will know about the Amazonian human and natural Javier Manzanares wealth; about its complexity and its intensity; about CEO of Grupo Telefónica
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