Emergency Intervention from Loreto by Floods in 2012
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1 CCPR DECLARATION RE: ARTICLE 41 9 April 1984 Peru
PERU CCPR DECLARATION RE: ARTICLE 41 9 April 1984 Peru recognizes the competence of the Human Rights Committee to receive and consider communications to the effect that a State Party claims that another State Party is not fulfilling its obligations under the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, in accordance with article 41 of the said Covenant. DEROGATIONS: NOTIFICATIONS UNDER ARTICLE 4 (3) OF THE COVENANT 22 March 1983 (Dated 18 March 1983) First notification: The Government has declared the extension of the state of emergency in the provinces of Huanta, La Mar, Cangallo, Victor Fajardo y Huamanga, in the Department of Ayacucho, Andahuaylas in the Department of Apurímac, and Angaraes, Tayacaja and Acobamba in the Department of Huancavelica and for a period of 60 days from the date of the issue of the Supreme Decree No. 003-83-IN of 25 February 1983. Suspension of the constitutional guarantees provided for in paragraphs 7, 9, 10 and 20 (g) of article 2 of the Political Constitution of Peru, which relate to the inviolability of the home, liberty of movement in the national territory, the right of peaceful assembly and the right to liberty and security of person. In a communication received by the Secretary-General on 4 April 1983, the Government of Peru specified that the state of emergency extended by Supreme Decree No. 003-83-IN of 25 February 1983 was originally proclaimed by Supreme Decree No. 026-81-IN of 12 October 1981. It further specified that the provisions of the Covenant from which it was derogated by reason of the proclamation of the state of emergency were articles 9, 12, 17 and 21. -
Advance View Proofs
J-STAGE Advance published date: August 1, 2016 ISSN : 0917-415X DOI:10.3759/tropics.MS15-07 TROPICS Vol. 25 (2) 53-65 Issued September 1, 2016 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Assessing medicinal plants as the linkage between healthcare, livelihood and biodiversity: a case study from native villages surrounding a second-tier city in the central Peruvian Amazon Miki Toda1*, Elsa L. Rengifo Salgado2 and Misa Masuda3 1 Sustainable Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan 2 Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru. 3 Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan. * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Medicinal plants are still used for healthcare and as medicaments especially in developing countries and some rural areas. The potential and high expectation of medicinal plants for local healthcare and livelihood and as biodiversity manage- ment is prevalent globally. This study assesses the extent to which medicinal plants bring benefits in biodiversity management and improve livelihood and healthcare in indigenous villages near a small city, a second tier city in theProofs central Peruvian Amazon, taking into consideration the course of urbanization. A total of 81 people living in two villages were interviewed. The results show that unlike areas surrounding large cities in the Amazon, areas around the second tier city do not have the conditions to commercialize medicinal plants to support livelihood. Therefore, the local utilization of medicinal plants does not deteriorate the forest resources, thus medicinal plants would not be expected to be a driver for biodiversity management. -
Deforestation by Definition
DEFORESTATION BY DEFINITION THE PERUVIAN GOVERNMENT FAILS TO DEFINE FORESTS AS FORESTS, WHILE PALM OIL EXPANSION AND THE MALAYSIAN INFLUENCE THREATEN THE AMAZON CONTENTS 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 1. GRUPO ROMERO: PLANNED DEFORESTATION 8 1.1 HOW A SKEWED FOREST DEFINITION RESULTS IN DEFORESTATION 12 1.2 VIOLATION OF RESERVE REQUIREMENTS EIA would like to thank the following organizations and 13 1.3 AN INVALID LAND TRANSFER individuals for contributions to this report: 15 1.4 GRUPO ROMERO EXISTING PALM OIL PLANTATIONS Asociación Interétnica de la Selva Peruana (AIDESEP) 20 2. MELKA GROUP: AMASSING LAND IN THE AMAZON Andrew Heatherington 24 2.1 LOOMING DEFORESTATION: 458 PROPERTIES AND COUNTING Bruno Manser Fund 26 2.2 MELKA GROUP’S ONGOING DEFORESTATION: TAMSHIYACU AND NUEVA REQUENA Center for International Environmental Law 32 2.3 ILLEGALITIES IN TAMSHIYACU AND NUEVA REQUENA Clinton Jenkins 35 2.4 INSTITUTIONAL LIMITATIONS: THE GOVERNMENT’S INABILITY TO STOP DEFORESTATION FOR MONOCULTURE PLANTATIONS Global Witness Juan Luis Dammert 38 3. GREASING THE PALMS: DENNIS MELKA, ASIAN PLANTATIONS LTD., AND FOREST DESTRUCTION IN SARAWAK, MALAYSIA Nick Cuba 40 3.1 A NEW EMPIRE OF DEFORESTATION Oxfam 41 3.2 ASIAN PLANTATIONS LTD. Sam Lawson 47 3.3 KERESA PLANTATIONS: GRAEME BROWN, THE LINGGI FAMILY, AND Sidney Novoa CLEARCUTTING FOR OIL PALM Transparent World 52 3.4 RSPO-CERTIFIED FOREST DESTRUCTION Henry Túpac Espíritu 53 3.5 ASIAN PLANTATIONS LTD’S SUBSIDIARIES IN SARAWAK: VARIATIONS ON A THEME The local residents of Barranquita, Nueva Requena, 57 3.6 ASIAN PLANTATIONS LTD.’S MODEL OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCING FOR OIL PALM Shanusi and Tamshiyacu 62 CONCLUSION EIA would also like the thank the following funders for their support: 64 RECOMMENDATIONS Cox Foundation 67 GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ACRONYMS Good Energies Foundation 72 MAPPING DEFORESTATION: ONGOING AND PROJECTED Lia Foundation 74 ANNEXES Overbrook Foundation Tilia Foundation 84 WORKS CITED Weeden Foundation BOXES EIA is responsible for the content of this report ©Environmental Investigation Agency 2015. -
This Is a Pre-Copy-Editing, Author-Produced PDF of an Article Accepted Following Peer Review for Publication in Geoforum
This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted following peer review for publication in Geoforum Making “a racket” but does anybody care? A study into environmental justice access and recognition through the political ecology of voice Adrian Gonzalez, Cardiff University. There is now growing support for the United Nations to explicitly recognise the human right to a healthy environment, and to strengthen the fight for environmental justice. One key consideration is to explore how accessible environmental justice is for citizens in low- and middle-income countries, who are adversely affected by pollution problems. This article will evaluate citizen access to environmental justice through the state via a case-study of Peru. To do so, the article utilises the political ecology of voice (PEV) theoretical framework. PEV can be defined as the study of several economic, political, social, and geographical factors over a specific temporal period, and their impact upon the use of voice by different stakeholders. The research was centred on two communities affected by oil pollution events within Peru’s Loreto Region. It will show that Loreto’s rural population are subjected to “shadow environmental citizenship”, in which they have only peripheral access to environmental justice through the state, which also does not adequately recognise or support their right to seek redress. This in turn, forces people to seek access and recognition of environmental justice through more unorthodox or radical forms of action, or via the support of non-state actors. Key Words: environmental justice; oil pollution; Peru; political ecology of voice; shadow environmental citizenship; political ecology 1. -
EVJR1906 Ex-Post
Republic of Peru FY2018 Ex-post Evaluation of Japanese ODA Loan “Iquitos Sewerage Improvement and Expansion Project” External Evaluator: Nobuyuki Kobayashi, OPMAC Corporation 0. Summary The objective of this project is to treat sewage properly and to widen the coverage of sewerage service in Iquitos in the Department of Loreto, one of the major cities in the Amazon region, by improving and expanding the sewerage system, thereby contributing to improved sanitary conditions and living environment in the area. This project was highly relevant to the country’s development plan and development needs, as well as to Japan’s ODA policy. Regarding the project plan and the approach, however, it can be concluded that an assessment should have been made at the time of the appraisal whether the sewage collection method and the sewage treatment method of this project would function adequately considering local circumstances. Therefore, its relevance is fair. Considering the changes in outputs in this project, the cost of this project exceeded the plan. In addition, the project period significantly exceeded the plan. Therefore, efficiency of the project is low. Regarding the indicators for the outcome of this project (the proper treatment of sewage in Iquitos and the expansion of sewerage coverage), out of the seven indicators set at the ex-ante evaluation, five have not been achieved. The sewage treatment plant has stopped its operation since July 2016. Regarding the impacts of this project improvements in hygiene conditions and living environment of the residents in Iquitos, no impacts has been verified as the contribution of this project. This project achieved its objectives at a limited level and, thus, the effectiveness and impacts of the project are low. -
Regional Report on Violation of Human Rights in the Panamzonian Weaving Networks of Resistance and Struggle in Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia
Regional Report on violation of Human Rights in the Panamzonian Weaving networks of resistance and struggle in Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia Regional report on the violation of Human Rights in the Panamazonía 1 2 Regional report on the violation of Human Rights in the Panamazonía Regional Report on violation of Human Rights in the Panamzonian Weaving networks of resistance and struggle in Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia Regional report on the violation of Human Rights in the Panamazonía 3 Amazonian for Anthropology and Practical Application - CAAAP Perú Land Ministry of the Vicarate of Yurimaguas Perú Caritas Bolivia Caritas Ecuador Amazonian Community Cóndor Mirador-CASCOMI. Ecuador Apostolic Vicariate of Aguarico. Ecuador Indigenist Missionary Council. CIMI Brasil Justiça nos Trilhos - Brasil Colombian Southeastern Regional socio-pastoral Program Vicariate of the South - Diocese of Florencia. Caquetá Colombia Coordination: Executive Secretariat REPAM Cooperation, editing and compliation: Francis Andrade Navarrete ( Executive Secretariat REPAM) y Sonia Olea Ferraras (Cáritas Spain) Traslated by: Patricia Posso – Thomas Polanski Printed and published: January 2019 4 Regional report on the violation of Human Rights in the Panamazonía Index Report Presentation 7 Chapter 1. 11 1.1 Introduction: Violation of Human Rights in the Amazon 11 Region. 1.2 Methodology of the analysis of reality 13 Chapter 2 16 Violation of Human Rights in farming, riverside 16 and indigenous communities: 13 realities that have a bolivian, brazilian, peruvian, colombian and ecuadorian amazonian complexion. 2. 1. Violation of the Human Right to Self determination, as a 17 core principle in the exercise of their collective rights: 2.1.1. -
Zika Is Everywhere”: a Qualitative Exploration of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Towards Zika Virus Among Women of Reproductive Age in Iquitos, Peru
RESEARCH ARTICLE ªZika is everywhereº: A qualitative exploration of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards Zika virus among women of reproductive age in Iquitos, Peru Caroline T. Weldon1, Amy R. Riley-Powell2, Ines M. Aguerre2, Rosa A. Celis Nacimento3, Amy C. Morrison4, Richard A. Oberhelman2, Valerie A. Paz-Soldan2,3* a1111111111 1 Tropical Medicine Department, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America, 2 Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane School of a1111111111 Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America, 3 AsociacioÂn a1111111111 BeneÂfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru, 4 Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, a1111111111 Davis, California, United States of America a1111111111 * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Citation: Weldon CT, Riley-Powell AR, Aguerre IM, Zika virus was reported in the rainforest city of Iquitos, Peru in 2016. The potential associa- Celis Nacimento RA, Morrison AC, Oberhelman RA, tions between Zika and fetal neurological disorders were reported extensively in the media et al. (2018) ªZika is everywhereº: A qualitative regarding neighboring Brazil, and led to great concern about the impact Zika could have on exploration of knowledge, attitudes and practices people's health in Iquitos when it arrived. The aim of this study was to explore the knowl- towards Zika virus among women of reproductive age in Iquitos, Peru. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12(8): edge, attitudes, -
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Malaria Incidence in the Peruvian Amazon Region Between 2002 and 2013
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Spatio-temporal analysis of malaria incidence in the Peruvian Amazon Region between 2002 and 2013 Received: 04 April 2016 Veronica Soto-Calle1,*, Angel Rosas-Aguirre1,2,*, Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas1, Accepted: 06 December 2016 Emmanuel Abatih3, Redgi DeDeken3, Hugo Rodriguez4, Anna Rosanas-Urgell3, Published: 16 January 2017 Dionicia Gamboa5, Umberto D´Alessandro6,7,8, Annette Erhart6,8,† & Niko Speybroeck2,† Malaria remains a major public health problem in the Peruvian Amazon where the persistence of high-risk transmission areas (hotspots) challenges the current malaria control strategies. This study aimed at identifying significant space-time clusters of malaria incidence in Loreto region 2002–2013 and to determine significant changes across years in relation to the control measures applied. Poisson regression and purely temporal, spatial, and space-time analyses were conducted. Three significantly different periods in terms of annual incidence rates (AIR) were identified, overlapping respectively with the pre-, during, and post- implementation control activities supported by PAMAFRO project. The most likely space-time clusters of malaria incidence for P. vivax and P. falciparum corresponded to the pre- and first two years of the PAMAFRO project and were situated in the northern districts of Loreto, while secondary clusters were identified in eastern and southern districts with the latest onset and the shortest duration of PAMAFRO interventions. Malaria in Loreto was highly heterogeneous at geographical level and over time. Importantly, the excellent achievements obtained during 5 years of intensified control efforts totally vanished in only 2 to 3 years after the end of the program, calling for sustained political and financial commitment for the success of malaria elimination as ultimate goal. -
Ict-601102 Stp Tucan3g
ICT-601102 STP TUCAN3G Wireless technologies for isolated rural communities in developing countries based on cellular 3G femtocell deployments D61 Situation report of the deployment area, sensitization results and state of transport networks Contractual Date of Delivery to the CE: 1 Oct 2013 Actual Date of Delivery to the CEC: 8 Mar 2014 Author(s): Juan Paco, César Córdova, Leopoldo Liñán, River Quispe, Darwin Auccapuri (PUCP), Ernesto Sánchez (FITEL), Ignacio Prieto (EHAS) Participant(s): PUCP, EHAS, FITEL Workpackage: 6 Est. person months: 4.5 Security: Public Dissemination Level: PU Version: d Total number of pages: 77 Abstract: This document presents information and activities carried out to ensure the provision of the required conditions for a successful deployment of the proposed platform in WP6. These activities have been carried out in the areas of intervention that had been chosen in agreement with the deliverable D21. This document presents a summary of the legal framework and regulation norms applicable to the project, as well as a description of the current situation in the area of intervention. It also contains a detailed description of the sensitization activities in each area. The document also provides a detailed report of the state of the target networks defined by testing technical capabilities and through the input and feedback of the users. Keyword list: sensitization; transport network; situation report, Document Revision History DATE ISSUE AUTHOR SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES 20-08-2013 a Juan Paco The table of content and introductory contents. Ernesto Sanchez Legal and regulatory framework and 19-09-2013 b Cesar Cordova Sensitization activities Added local actors and proposal for networks 20-09-2013 c Ignacio Prieto reinforcement Darwin Review of chapters, conclusions and 20-12-2013 d Auccapuri sensitization information. -
080-089 GT Peru.Indd
WHERE THEwiLD THINGS ARE The jungle-locked city of Iquitos can only be reached by boat or plane and, as the Amazon swells, becomes a jumping-off point for forays into the rainforest. Francis Pearce explores its food and its future PHOTOGRAPHY BY ROBERT POGSON 80 FOOD & TRAVEL gourmet traveller WHERE THEwiLD THINGS ARE The jungle-locked city of Iquitos can only be reached by boat or plane and, as the Amazon swells, becomes a jumping-off point for forays into the rainforest. Francis Pearce explores its food and its future FOOD & TRAVEL 81 PREVIOUS PagES: YagUA INDIAN CHIEF; RED HOWLER MONKEY. LEFT: FISHERMAN COOKING CARACHAMA AND YUCA AT TRAVEL INFORMATION HIS TEMPORARY CAMP. OPPOSITE, CLOCKWISE FROM Currency is the Peru Nuevos Soles (£1=PEN4.68). Iquitos is TOP LEFT: five hours behind GMT. The climate is warm and humid but, EVENINGS SPENT DRIFTING ON THE despite an average temperature of 26°C, it can rain suddenly MIGHTY RIVER; BUTTERFLY AT and frequently. There is, on average, 54cm of precipitation in PILPINTUWASI February and March with humidity at around 85%. The average faRM; AMAZON EXPLORATIONS daily temperature in February/March is 27°C. ON-BOARD AQUA; ROLLED MARANTA LEAVES USED GETTING THERE TO WRAP FOOD; Iquitos is one of the most populated cities in the world that LOCAL BIRD, THE BARBET; WILda cannot be reached by road, its airport is about 7kms from the FROM THE HATUM POZA COMMUNITY town centre with flights to Lima departing four times a day (flight time is one-hour 45-minutes). Moto-taxis (£1.50) or a standard taxi (£3) are available from the airport to the centre of town. -
Regional Report on Violation of Human Rights in the Panamzonian Weaving Networks of Resistance and Struggle in Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia
Regional Report on violation of Human Rights in the Panamzonian Weaving networks of resistance and struggle in Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia Regional report on the violation of Human Rights in the Panamazonía 1 2 Regional report on the violation of Human Rights in the Panamazonía Regional Report on violation of Human Rights in the Panamzonian Region Weaving Networks of Resistance and Struggle in Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Regional report on the violation of Human Rights in the Panamazonía 3 Amazonian Center for Anthropology and Its Practical Application – CAAAP (Peru) Yurimaguas Vicariate Land Ministry (Peru) Caritas Bolivia Caritas Ecuador Cóndor Mirador Amazonian Social Action Community – CASCOMI (Ecuador) Apostolic Vicariate of Aguarico (Ecuador) Indigenist Missionary Council -- CIMI (Brazil) Justiça nos Trilhos (“Justice on the Rails”, Brazil) Colombian Southeastern Regional Social Ministry Program Diocese of Florencia -- Southern Vicariate, Caquetá (Colombia) Coordinated by: Executive Secretariat, REPAM Collaboration, editing and compilation: Francis Andrade Navarrete (Executive Secretariat, REPAM) y Sonia Olea Ferraras (Caritas, Spain) Translated by: Patricia Posso – Thomas Polanski Printed and published: Quito, January 2019 4 Regional report on the violation of Human Rights in the Panamazonía Index Preface 7 Chapter 1. 11 1.1 Introduction: The Violation of Human Rights in the 11 Pan-Amazonian Region 1.2 Situational Analysis Methodology 13 Chapter 2 16 The Violation of Human Rights in the Peasant Farmer, River- 16 Dwellers and Indigenous Communities: Thirteen Realities with a Bolivian, Brazilian, Peruvian, Colombian and Ecuadorian Amazonian Face 2. 1. Violations of the Human Right to Self-Determination, 22 Which is a Basic Principle for Exercising Collective Rights 2.1.1. -
Malaria Transmission in Border Regions of the Western Amazon
Malaria Transmission in Border Regions of the Western Amazon: Incorporating watersheds into timeseries analysis to address disease reintroduction and spillover along the Ecuador-Peru border Rani Kumar MEM’21 Dr. William Pan, Advisor April 29th, 2020 The Tigre River in the border region of the Ecuador- Peru Amazon (Amazon Facts, 2020). Masters project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Environmental Management degree in the Nicholas School of the Environment of Duke University 1 Table of Contents Abstract pg. 3 Executive Summary pg. 4 1. Background pg. 7 1.1 Malaria in the Americas 1.2 Malaria Transmission 1.3 Malaria Transmission Along Border Regions 2. Introduction pg. 10 2.1 Setting 2.2 Malaria Incidence in Ecuador 2.3 Malaria Incidence in Peru 2.4 Malaria Transmission along the Ecuador-Peru Amazonian Border 2.5 Achuar Communities 2.6 Integrated Watershed Management 3. Study Rationale and Aims pg.20 4. Materials and Methods pg. 21 4.1 Administrative Boundaries 4.2 Watershed Delineation 4.3 Malaria Surveillance Data 4.4 Population Estimation and Incidence Rate Calculation 4.5 Hot Spot Analysis 4.5.1 Space Time Cube 4.5.2 Emerging Hot Spot Tool 4.6 Unobserved Components Model 5. Results pg. 27 5.1 Malaria Trends in Modeled Districts and Watershed 5.2 Aim 1: Hot Spot Analysis 5.2.1 P .vivax Hot Spot Results 5.2.2 P. falciparum Hot Spot Results 5.3 Aim 2: Unobserved Components Model Comparison 5.3.1 P. vivax UCM Results 5.3.2 P. falciparum UCM Results 6.