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Peru:Deforestation First published in Spanish in 2018, this English edition does not follow the exact same format as the original because, in addition to several new works, two have been removed because they are on topics that are no longer current or which have changed in the last two years, and several more : have been updated by their authors. PERU DEFORESTATION editor This publication forms part of a project on the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Deg- IN TIMES OF CLIMATE CHANGE In this article, we shall develop the radation (REDD+) mechanism. The project is being funded by Norway’s International Climate Eliminating pieces of the jigsaw in order following elements: we shall look at the and Forest Initiative (NICFI) and is providing support to Servindi (Intercultural Communication to blur the distinction between legal and economy and the “rogue culture” that Services), Onamiap (National Organisation of Andean and Amazonian Indigenous Women of illegal timber will only backfire. The new Peru) and Coharyima (Harakbut, Yine and Matsiguenka Council), this latter being a member or- supports the “three scourges” of the forest authorities in the country seem to ganisation of Fenamad (Federation of Native Communities of Madre de Dios and its Tributaries) ALBERTO CHIRIF Amazon and the forests; provide infor- have understood this situation and now in Madre de Dios. The key aim of the project is to provide training for indigenous communicators mation on how organised crime has be- editor and to produce and disseminate information on indigenous rights with a focus on climate change appear to be working in this direction. come global; provide the most recent in- The long-term vision –implying a sus- issues, the Norway-Germany-Peru cooperation agreement on REDD+ and the indigenous REDD+ CHIRIF ALBERTO formation (2015) on coca growing and proposal aimed at titling the communal territories. This work is being undertaken largely in the tainable use of the natural forests and its links to rural development, including REDD+ pilot areas: Madre de Dios, Ucayali and San Martín. resources for the sake of future genera- the traditional and beneficial industrial tions, the environment and the planet– One of the project’s themes is the drivers of deforestation. To consider this issue in more depth, a uses of coca leaf; explain “alternative will hopefully win over the short-sighted workshop was held in Puerto Maldonado (Madre de Dios, Peru) on 26 March 2017 with the par- development strategies”, namely lasting ticipation of communities affiliated to Coharyima and the leaders and technical staff of Fenamad. one – allowing the industry and export- and sustainable comprehensive rural de- The primary aim was to analyse the issue of road infrastructure, not only the Southern Interoceanic ers to do what they want now, at the velopment with coca (DRIS-C); describe Highway linking the Madre de Dios region to Acre State in Brazil but also other planned roads cost of environmental destruction and the Amazon basin and the Protected that are likely to cross the indigenous territories and protected natural areas. violations of human rights. Peru must Natural Areas (ANP); highlight Peru’s understand that, for the sake of its for- This work brings together a number of the speeches and discussions that took place during that gastronomic vocation; promote Com- ests, but also for the sake of its timber workshop along with articles written especially by the authors. It comprises a total of 14 articles prehensive, Lasting and Sustainable industry, transparency is the only route. addressing the issue of deforestation in the Peruvian Amazon and its impacts, not only on the Eco-Ethnodevelopment (EEDISS); and, Amazonian environment and wildlife but particularly on the societies inhabiting the area. These Julia Urrunaga finally, consider REDD+ and its links to impacts are being facilitated by informal dynamics for which the State is largely responsible. It has indigenous peoples. I shall end with a failed to act promptly enough to put a stop to these dynamics and redirect their drivers towards number of preliminary conclusions and a sustainable use of the environment and its resources which would, in turn, result in prosperity recommendations. for the region and the country as a whole. The most harmful of these dynamics is the expansion IN TIMES OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN TIMES OF CLIMATE of illegal coca growing and alluvial mining. The environmental impacts are, nonetheless, also the Hugo Cabieses result of official policies aimed solely at promoting economic growth that benefits the investment companies to the detriment of the population and the environment. The State has promoted such policies through a strategy of tax reduction (meaning less public investment in social services such as education and health) and a lowering of environmental standards and social rights, such as job security. Their policies have also included the construction of roads that enable companies and extractors alike to gain easy access to new areas rich in natural resources, and which are then rapidly plundered. As recent judicial inquiries have shown, these infrastructure projects are based on a logic of corruption rather than national interest. As for the indigenous peoples, they are suffering serious aggression aimed above all at minimising, or even trying to abolish, the rights protecting them, such as the guarantee of free, prior and informed consultation as provided by ILO C169, the aim of which is to reach an agreement on initiatives affecting them. EFORESTATION JOSÉ ÁLVAREZ ALONSO • TIMOTHY BAKER • LUISA ELVIRA BELAUNDE Alberto Chirif D MANUEL MARTÍN BRAÑAS • HUGO CABIESES • JUAN LUIS DAMMERT CARLOS CAÑAS • DENNIS DEL CASTILLO CLAUDIA MARÍA GÁLVEZ DURAND • EURIDICE HONORIO CORONADO PERU: BEATRIZ HUERTAS • IAN LAWSON • MARIANA MONTOYA • THOMAS MOORE SHAPIOM NONINGO • GUILLERMO REAÑO • SANDRA RÍOS INTERNACIONAL WORK GROUP FOR KATHERINE ROUCOUX • RICHARD CH. SMITH INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS ERMETO TUESTA • JULIA URRUNAGA OT. 18416 / IWGIA - Perú:Deforestation...NUEVO / Lomo OK: 1.55 cm. - 288 pp. - Respecta 115 gr. - COSIDO / Medida: 51.95 x 24.0 cm. / Javier 1 2 PERU:DEFORESTATION IN TIMES OF CLIMATE CHANGE ALBERTO CHIRIF editor JOSÉ ÁLVAREZ ALONSO • TIMOTHY BAKER • LUISA ELVIRA BELAUNDE MANUEL MARTÍN BRAÑAS • HUGO CABIESES • JUAN LUIS DAMMERT CARLOS CAÑAS • DENNIS DEL CASTILLO CLAUDIA MARÍA GÁLVEZ DURAND • EURÍDICE HONORIO CORONADO BEATRIZ HUERTAS • IAN LAWSON • MARIANA MONTOYA • THOMAS MOORE SHAPIOM NONINGO • GUILLERMO REAÑO • SANDRA RÍOS KATHERINE ROUCOUX • RICHARD CH. SMITH ERMETO TUESTA • JULIA URRUNAGA Lima, 2019 3 4 5 PERU: DEFORESTATION IN TIMES OF CLIMATE CHANGE COPYRIGHT: the authors and IWGIA COMPILATION AND EDITING: Alberto Chirif COVER AND INTERIOR DESIGN: Gredna Landolt PHOTOS: Musuk Nolte (COVER AND PAGES 4, 7, 8, 12) TRANSLATION: Elaine Bolton, all articles except those by Julia Urrunaga, Timothy Baker and Thomas Moore, which were written in English by the authors. STYLE REVIEW: Helen Wheeler ISBN: 978-87-92786-95-1 Legal deposit made in the National Library of Peru: 2019-16255 Printed in Tarea Asociación Gráfica Educativa Pasaje María Auxiliadora 156, Lima 5 - Peru HURRIDOCS CIP DATA Title: Peru: Deforestation in Times of Climate Change Edited by: Alberto Chirif Pages: 286 Language: English ISBN: 978-87-92786-95-1 Index: 1. Indigenous Peoples - 2. Amazon - 3. Peru Geographical area: Peru Publication date: December 2019 INTERNATIONAL WORK GROUP FOR INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS Prinsessegade 29 B, 3rd floor DK 1422- Copenhagen, Denmark Tel: (45) 53732820 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.iwgia.org SERVICIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN INTERCULTURAL Web: www.servindi.org ORGANIZACIÓN NACIONAL DE MUJERES INDÍGENAS ANDINAS Y AMAZÓNICAS DEL PERÚ Web: www.onamiap.org CONSEJO HARAKBUT, YINE Y MATSIGUENKA Web: www.coharyima.org 6 Photo: Musuk Nolte 7 Photo: Musuk Nolte 8 CONTENTS Deforestation in times of Climate Change 13 ALBERTO CHIRIF Coca, Forests and Indigenous Amazonian Peoples 25 HUGO CABIESES CUBAS The growth of oil palm in the Peruvian Amazon: deforestation and land 53 trafficking JUAN LUIS DAMMERT Fighting Illegal Logging in Peru: The government’s steps forward and the 71 industry pushback JULIA M. URRUNAGA Forests and Indigenous Peoples Facing Climate Change and Globalisation 91 JOSÉ ÁLVAREZ ALONSO Autonomous Territorial Government of The Wampis Nation. 113 Recovering Socio-Historical Autonomy, Building a Common Future SHAPIOM NONINGO Deforestation in titled native communities 2000-2015: the cases of the 125 indigenous Awajún peoples of Alto Mayo and the Kakataibo peoples of the Central Forest SANDRA RÍOS CÁCERES, ERMETO TUESTA AND RICHARD CHASE SMITH The Defaunation of the Tropical Forests and its Environmental Implications 135 CLAUDIA MARÍA GÁLVEZ DURAND BESNARD The Impact of Deforestation on the Water and Fish Populations of The 145 Peruvian Amazon CARLOS CAÑAS The challenges for achieving conservation and sustainable development 155 within the wetlands of the Pastaza-Marañón basin, Peru TIMOTHY R. BAKER, DENNIS DEL CASTILLO TORRES, EURÍDICE HONORIO CORONADO, IAN LAWSON, MANUEL M. BRAÑAS, MARIANA MONTOYA AND KATHERINE ROUCOUX The impact of roads on indigenous territories 175 ERMETO TUESTA 9 Impacts of Hydrocarbon Exploitation on the Indigenous Women of the 185 Peruvian Amazon LUISA ELVIRA BELAUNDE Deforestation in Madre de Dios, its implications for first peoples 201 THOMAS MOORE La Pampa, the heart of a mining model that is destroying the forests of 237 Madre de Dios GUILLERMO REAÑO The Territorial Corridor
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