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Studia Breviora Advancement in Ammonite Zonal Subdivision of The GEOLOGICA BALCANICA, 47 (2), Sofia, Nov. 2018, pp. 59–63. Studia breviora Advancement in ammonite zonal subdivision of the Aalenian in Bulgaria Evidence of Aalenian strata is provided by am- Aalenian biostratigraphy in Bulgaria. Based on the monites in the earliest subdivision of the Jurassic stratigraphical distribution of the ammonite family System in Bulgaria (Zlatarski, 1908). Initially, these Graphoceratidae, four Aalenian ammonite zones rocks were regarded as Bajocian and this view has and nine subzones have been recognized: Leioceras been adhered to for a long time by many Bulgar- opalinum Zone (comprising the L. opalinum and L. ian stratigraphers. When introducing the Leioceras bifidatum subzones); Ludwigia murchisonae Zone opalinum Zone in Bulgaria, Sapunov (1959) con- (containing the Staufenia sehndensis–Ancolioceras sidered its base to be the dividing point between the opalinoides and Ludwigia murchisonae subzones); adjacent Lower Jurassic strata and the base of the Brasilia bradfordensis Zone (including the B. brad- Aalenian Stage of the Middle Jurassic above. Sub- fordensis and B. gigantea subzones); and Grapho- sequently, Sapunov (1964a) changed his opinion, ceras concavum Zone (embracing the G. cavatum, arguing that the Aalenian should be removed from G. formosum and Eudmetoceras amplectens sub- the scheme of Middle Jurassic stages of Bulgaria. zones). Other ammonites associated with the Aale- It was not until the publications of Sapunov (1968, nian are those of the family Hammatoceratidae, but 1969) that the Aalenian was formally separated in they have even more restricted distribution and are Bulgaria from the Bajocian as the lowest stage of of less biostratigraphical significance. This abridged the Middle Jurassic. Before this time and through report includes reduced faunal and reference lists to the present, a few contributions on the Aalenian and will be presented in more details elsewhere. have appeared in the literature, and most of them The Leioceras opalinum Zone is based on the contain only short lists of ammonite species cited range of the genus Leioceras. In most cases, the (e.g., Sapunov and Nachev, 1959; Sapunov, 1961; very base of the zone is too poor in ammonites and Nachev et al., 1963). This procedure continues to- we were unable to date the rocks more precisely. In day, mainly due to the rarity of ammonites in the particular, we are lacking in detail about the transi- Aalenian rocks. Despite the lack of common speci- tion between the upper Toarcian members of the ge- mens, we are able to propose here a sufficiently nus Pleydellia and the first graphoceratids (those of complete Aalenian ammonite zonation (Table 1). Leioceras). Thus, the lower limit of this zone (and The present biostratigraphical account is mostly of the Aalenian respectively) is drawn at the sudden based on the results and specimens from the papers appearance of small, suboxyconic, smooth or finely of Sapunov (1964b, 1968, 1969, 1970), Sapunov et ornamented examples of Leioceras. The latter are al. (1996), Metodiev (2000), Metodiev and Sapu- succeeded, at about the middle of the zone, by larg- nov (2001) and Metodiev et al. (2014), as well as er-sized Leioceras with stouter whorls and stronger, on recently obtained data. Our scheme matches ade- bundled or bifurcating ribbing. Around this level, quately with that for the current Aalenian zonal suc- the first appearance of the Leioceras-allied genus cession for Northwest Europe (Contini et al., 1997). Cylicoceras has been recorded in Bulgaria (Sapu- The efforts in dividing the Aalenian on the basis of nov, 1970). This evidence was used to divide the L. ammonites have been guided and facilitated by the opalinum Zone into two subzones: the L. opalinum use of the comprehensive results attained in the UK Subzone (to include the occurrence of the finely or- by Callomon and Chandler (1990), Chandler and namented Leioceras), which is almost certainly the Callomon (2009), Chandler (1997) and Chandler equivalent of the respective subzone in NW Europe, et al. (2006). These works were based on superbly and the L. bifidatum Subzone (to include the dis- preserved specimens, collected bed-by-bed, and tribution of the coarsely ribbed Leioceras and the provide a good foundation for the construction of occurrence of Cylicoceras), which possibly corre- 59 Table 1 Correlation between the Bulgarian Aalenian ammonite (sub)zones and the standard (sub)zones in NW Europe, according to Contini et al., 1997 (see also Callomon and Chandler, 1990; Chandler, 1997; Chandler et al., 2006). sponds to the total extent of the L. comptum and L. were found in the lower subzone, whereas spo- bifidatum subzones sensu Contini et al. (1997). This radic specimens of the genus Csernyeiceras were division should remain provisional until more evi- detected in the upper subzone of the L. opalinum dence is obtained as coarse ribbed variants of Lei- Zone. oceras do occur rarely in the L. opalinum Subzone The Ludwigia murchisonae Zone as now inter- of NW Europe and persist well into the Ludwigia preted is less extensive in Bulgaria than the equiva- murchisonae Zone sensu stricto. The Leioceras bi- lent Aalenian ammonite zone of Contini et al. (1997) fidatum Subzone now fully replaces the earlier used in NW Europe. We follow the approach of the UK Leioceras comptum Subzone (Metodiev, 2000), in stratigraphers (e.g., Callomon and Chandler, 1990; agreement with the arguments advanced by Contini Chandler, 1997; Chandler et al., 2006), according to et al. (1997). In the present usage of the L. opali- whom the abundant Brasilia assemblages should be num Subzone, six characteristic Leioceras species, excluded from the extent of this zone and assigned to including the zonal and subzonal indices, have been the Brasilia bradfordensis Zone. The lower bound- determined (Sapunov, 1959, 1961, 1964, 1968; Sa- ary of the L. murchisonae Zone is taken at the tran- punov et al., 1996; Metodiev, 2000), and seem to sition where the ammonites of the genus Leioceras be relatively good matches of the corresponding co- are replaced by Ancolioceras (a late leioceratid), eval taxa in NW Europe (see Contini et al., 1997, and the first Ludwigia and Staufenia appear. Both pp. 37–38). In addition to the genera Leioceras and Ludwigia and Staufenia are present throughout the Cylicoceras, occasional representatives of the gen- total extent of the zone, but they have sparse occur- era Pseudammatoceras, Rhodaniceras and Bredyia rence in the lower part, and are much more common 60 into the upper part of the zone. Scattered hamma- the incorporation of Brasilia faunas into the Aal- toceratids, such as Planam matoceras, Pseudamma- enian ammonite zonal scheme, and the Brasilia toceras and Spinammatoceras, also occur. No data bradfordensis Zone was initially incorporated as exist to support extending the range of the genus the topmost subzone of the L. murchisonae Zone. Cylicoceras into the L. murchisonae Zone of Bul- The results of a long period of research in the UK garia. This suggests that either the oldest Murchiso- (e.g., Cope et al., 1980; Callomon and Chandler, nae strata may be missing or the Cylicoceras group 1990; Chandler, 1997; Chandler et al., 2006) and did not reach the zone. The first abundant appear- other significant localities in Western Europe (e.g., ance of Brasilia delimits the upper boundary of the Contini, 1969; Rieber, 1963; Goy and Ureta, 1981; L. murchisonae Zone in Bulgaria. Rulleau et al., 2001) have perfectly demonstrated We have retained in our scheme (Table 1) a two- the evolutionary transition between the latest mem- fold division of the Ludwigia murchisonae Zone bers of the Ludwigia murchisonae group and those into the Staufenia sehndensis–Ancolioceras opali- of the genus Brasilia. This transition is so gradual noides Subzone and the L. murchisonae Subzone, that it is difficult to set apart these forms from each as proposed by Metodiev (2000). However, this other. The range of Brasilia, however, is prominent subdivision remains somewhat local and has not yet biostratigraphical marker and should be considered been widely recognized. The identification of the S. as a separate ammonite zone. We have, therefore, sehndensis–A. opalinoides Subzone is based on the removed the Brasilia assemblages from the L. mur- co-occurrence of the morphotypes of Staufenia and chisonae Zone and recognized it as a separate zone Ancolioceras, including Staufenia sinon (Bayle), S. in line with other authors (e.g., Chandler, 1997; sehndensis (Hoffmann) and A. opalinoides (Mayer), Chandler et al., 2006). The Brasilia bradfordensis as well as that of Ludwigia crassa Horn and several Zone is defined herein with two subzones: Brasilia poorly preserved Ludwigia ex gr. haugi Douvillé bradfordensis and Brasilia gigantea. Our records and Ludwigia ex gr. pustulifera Buckman. More from the B. bradfordensis Subzone include almost specimens are needed to recognize the presence of entirely small specimens (probably macroconchs this subzone in Bulgaria, and an alternative name and microconchs) ascribed to the genus Brasilia may need to be found as index. At the current state and to the subgenus Graphoceras (Ludwigella). The of knowledge, the S. sehndensis–A. opalinoides Brasilia gigantea Subzone contains mostly small- Subzone should be construed as no more than an ap- sized Ludwigia (Pseudographoceras) and Brasilia proximate correlation with both the Ludwigia haugi (Apedogyria) (microconchs), as well as big Brasilia Subzone and the Staufenia sehndensis–Ludwigia examples
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