Classical Library for Bulgarian Studies, 1823-1878
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Proper Language, Proper Citizen: Standard Practice and Linguistic Identity in Primary Education
Proper Language, Proper Citizen: Standard Linguistic Practice and Identity in Macedonian Primary Education by Amanda Carroll Greber A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures University of Toronto © Copyright by Amanda Carroll Greber 2013 Abstract Proper Language, Proper Citizen: Standard Linguistic Practice and Identity in Macedonian Primary Education Doctor of Philosophy 2013 Amanda Carroll Greber Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures University of Toronto This dissertation analyzes how the concept of the ideal citizen is shaped linguistically and visually in Macedonian textbooks and how this concept changes over time and in concert with changes in society. It is focused particularly on the role of primary education in the transmission of language, identity, and culture as part of the nation-building process. It is concerned with how schools construct linguistic norms in association with the construction of citizenship. The linguistic practices represented in textbooks depict “good language” and thus index also “good citizen.” Textbooks function as part of the broader sets of resources and practices with which education sets out to make citizens and thus they have an important role in shaping young people’s knowledge and feelings about the nation and nation-state, as well as language ideologies and practices. By analyzing the “ideal” citizen represented in a textbook we can begin to discern the goals of the government and society. To this end, I conduct a diachronic analysis of the Macedonian language used in elementary readers at several points from 1945 to 2000 using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. -
The Dialect of Novo Selo, Vidin Region: a Contribution to the Study of Mixed Dialects
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Arts Arts Research & Publications 2003 The dialect of Novo Selo, Vidin Region: A contribution to the study of mixed dialects Младенова, Олга М.; Mladenova, Olga M.; Младенов, Максим Сл.; Mladenov, Maxim Sl. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/44632 Other Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca Максим Сл. Младенов. Говорът на Ново село, Видинско. Принос към проблема за смесените говори. София: Издателство на БАН, 1969 [Трудове по българска диалектология, кн. 6]. The Dialect of Novo Selo, Vidin Region: A Contribution to the Study of Mixed Dialects English summary by Olga M. Mladenova Maxim Sl. Mladenov, the author of the 1969 monograph reprinted in this volume,1 was a native speaker of the Novo-Selo dialect who preserved his fluency in the dialect all his life. The material for the monograph was collected over a period of about fourteen or fifteen years in the 1950s and the1960s. His monograph is not the first description of this dialect. It follows Stefan Mladenov’s study of the language and the national identity of Novo Selo (Vidin Region) published in Sbornik za narodni umotvorenija, nauka i knižnina, vol. 18, 1901, 471-506. Having conducted his research at a later date, M. Sl. Mladenov had the opportunity to record any modifications that had taken place in the dialect in the conditions of rapid cultural change, thus adding an extra dimension to this later study of the Novo-Selo dialect. His is a considerably more detailed survey of this unique dialect, which is the outcome of the lengthy coexistence of speakers of different Bulgarian dialect backgrounds in a Romanian environment. -
The Common Slavic Element in Russian Culture
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF SLAVIC LANGUAGES SLAVIC STUDIES Slavic Philology Series NIKOLAI TRUBETZKOY THE COMMON SLAVIC ELEMENT IN RUSSIAN CULTURE Edited by Leon Stilman Copyright 1949 by the Ikpartmmt of Slavic Languqp Columk univmity The preparation md publication of the aavsrml seriea of work. wder UyZC -1ES hmrm been madm paseible by m gt~t from the Rockefeller Qoundmtion to the Dapartmat of Slrrie Professof N. Trubetzkoy's study on The Cannon Slavic Eleaent in Russian Culture was included in a volume of his collected writings which appeared in 1927, in Paris, under the general title K #roblcme russkogo scwo#o~~anijo.Tbe article was trans- lated fm the Russian bg a group of graduate students of the Departant of Slavic Languages, Columbia Universi tr, including: Ime Barnsha, Hamball Berger, Tanja Cizevslra, Cawrence G, Jones, Barbara Laxtimer, Henry H. Hebel, Jr., Nora B. Sigerist- Beeson and Rita Slesser, The editor fobad it advisable to eli- atnate a number of passqes and footnotes dealing with minor facts; on the other bad, some additions (mainly chro~ologieal data) were made in a fen iwstances; these additions, ia most instances, were incorporated in tbe text in order to amid overburdening it with footnotes; they are purely factual in nature md affect In no the views and interpretations of tbe author. L. S. CONTENTS I Popular ad literarp lan@=ge.- Land11.de and d1abct.- Pxot+Slavic: itn dlalnte$ratlon: Bouthorn, Weatern and EwGern Slavi0.- Li torarr landuadem: thelr evolutiarr: their cnlatlon to apoken vernsaulam ..... 11 Old Church Slevonle: Its origiao and Its role.- The early reeensLma.- Old Bulgmrian Church Slavonlc and its progaget1on.- Church Blavoaie in Russia: sound changes; the Eastern and Wentern Russian trnditloa: the the second South Slavic influenca: the uakfled Ruseisn rocenaim .......... -
Corpora and Processing Tools for Non-Standard Contemporary and Diachronic Balkan Slavic
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2019 Corpora and Processing Tools for Non-Standard Contemporary and Diachronic Balkan Slavic Vukovic, Teodora ; Nora, Muheim ; Winistörfer, Olivier-Andreas ; Anastasia, Makarova ; Ivan, Šimko ; Sanja, Bradjan Abstract: The paper describes three corpora of different varieties of BS that are currently being developed with the goal of providing data for the analysis of the diatopic and diachronic variation in non-standard Balkan Slavic. The corpora includes spoken materials from Torlak, Macedonian dialects, as well as the manuscripts of pre-standardized Bulgarian. Apart from the texts, tools for PoS annotation and lemmatization for all varieties are being created, as well as syntactic parsing for Torlak and Bulgarian varieties. The corpora are built using a unified methodology, relying on the pest practices and state- of-the-art methods from the field. The uniform methodology allows the contrastive analysis of thedata from different varieties. The corpora under construction can be considered a crucial contribution tothe linguistic research on the languages in the Balkans as they provide the lacking data needed for the studies of linguistic variation in the Balkan Slavic, and enable the comparison of the said varieties with other neighbouring languages. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-175260 Conference or Workshop Item Published Version The following work is licensed under a Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License. Originally published at: Vukovic, Teodora; Nora, Muheim; Winistörfer, Olivier-Andreas; Anastasia, Makarova; Ivan, Šimko; Sanja, Bradjan (2019). -
Mutual Intelligibility and Slavic Constructed Interlanguages : a Comparative Study of Ruski Jezik and Interslavic
Mutual intelligibility and Slavic constructed interlanguages : a comparative study of Ruski Jezik and Interslavic ** Jade JOANNOT M.A Thesis in Linguistics Leiden university 2020-2021 Supervisor : Tijmen Pronk TABLE OF CONTENTS Jade Joannot M.A Thesis Linguistics 24131 words 1.1. Abstract 1.2. Definitions 1.2.1. Constructed languages 1.2.2. Interlanguage 1.2.3. Mutual intelligibility 1.3. Object of study 1.3.1. History of Slavic constructed languages Pan-Slavic languages (19th century) Esperanto-inspired projects Contemporary projects 1.3.2. Ruski Jezik & Interslavic Ruski Jezik (17th century) Interslavic (21th century) 1.3.3. Shared aspects of Ruski Jezik and Interslavic 1.4. Relevance of the study 1.4.1. Constructed languages and mutual intelligibility 1.4.2. Comparative study of Ruski Jezik and Interslavic 1.4.3. Historical linguistics 1.5. Structure of the thesis 1.5.1. Research question 1.8. Description of the method 1.8.1. Part 1 : Approaches to Slavic mutual intelligibility and their conclusions 1.8.2. Part 2 : Study of Ruski Jezik and Interslavic I.1. Factors of mutual intelligibility I.1.1. Extra-linguistic factors I.1.2. Linguistic predictors of mutual intelligibility I.1.2.1. Lexical distance I.1.2.2. Phonological distance I.1.2.3. Morphosyntactic distance I.1.2.3.1. Methods of measurements I.1.2.3.2. The importance of morphosyntax I.1.3. Conclusions I.2. Mutual intelligibility in the Slavic area I.2.1. Degree of mutual intelligibility of Slavic languages I.2.2. The case of Bulgarian 2 Jade Joannot M.A Thesis Linguistics 24131 words I.2.3. -
UC Berkeley GAIA Books
UC Berkeley GAIA Books Title Revitalizing Bulgarian Dialectology Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hc6x8hp Authors Alexander, Ronelle Zhobov, Vladimir Publication Date 2004-07-28 Supplemental Material https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hc6x8hp#supplemental Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Revitalizing Bulgarian Dialectology Edited by Ronelle Alexander & Vladimir Zhobov Published in association with University of California Press Introduction This volume summarizes the results of a joint North American - Bulgarian research project in dialectology, which culminated in a joint field expedition in the summer of 1996. The project was co-directed by Professor Ronelle Alexander of the University of California, Berkeley, and Professor Todor Bojadz¬iev and then Assistant Professor Vladimir Zµobov, both of Sofia University. The field research team was composed of three teachers (in which Professor Alexander represented the American side and Vladimir Zµobov and Georgi Kolev represented the Bulgarian side), three North Americans who were at the time graduate students in Slavic linguistics (Jonathan Barnes and Matthew Baerman at the University of California, Berkeley, and Elisabeth Elliott at the University of Toronto) and three Bulgarians who were at the time undergraduate students in Slavic philology at Sofia University (Tanya Delc¬eva, Kamen Petrov and Pet¿r Sµis¬kov); Krasimira Koleva of Sµumen University also joined the team during the first phase of the expedition. Field research was carried out in three different regions of Bulgaria: the villages of Kozic¬ino and Golica (often referred to together as the “Erkec¬” dialect, after the older name of the first of these villages) in eastern Bulgaria, the town of Trjavna (plus outlying villages) in north central Bulgaria, and the villages of Gela and Stik¿l (near Sµiroka L¿ka) in the Rhodope mountains. -
On the Historicity of Old Church Slavonic
Giorgio Ziffer UDK 811.163.1(091) Videm (Udine) ON THE HISTORICITY OF OLD CHURCH SLAVONIC [tevilne {tudije stare cerkvene slovan{~ine ne upo{tevajo v celoti dejstva, da je to bil knji`ni jezik, in pogosto zanemarjajo zgodovinski pogled, ki je potreben za zvesto rekonstrukcijo njegovega dejanskega delovanja. Many studies of Old Church Slavonic do not seem to take into full account its nature as a literary language and often neglect the necessary historical perspective needed for a more faithful reconstruction of its concrete functioning. Before introducing the subject of my talk, I wish to stress that I will not be speaking today about the main topic of the Conference, i.e. the history of Slovene. I could of course ask for leniency and remind you that there was a time when Old Church Slavonic was in fact called »Old Slovenian«; but this took place long ago and would be of little assistance for our present purposes.1 Leaving aside the problem of the different names given to that language even nowadays (in addition to ’Old Church Slavonic’, we find the concurrent terms of ’Old Slavic’ and ’Old Bulgarian’), I prefer to reveal the main argument of my article: despite the fact that Old Church Slavonic is universally recognized as the first literary language of the Slavs, it is very often evaluated from a narrow historical-comparative perspective that does not take into full account its characterizing features as a true literary language. The cause and effect of this state of affairs, as I will try to show, is the lack of historicity (i.e. -
Peace Corps Bislama an Introductory Guide to the Bulgarian Language
An Introductory Guide to the Bulgarian Language Hosted for free on livelingua.com AN INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO THE BULGARIAN LANGUAGE For those who are interested in facts and information, the following is a short description of the Bulgarian Language. Bulgarian is a Slavonic language, like Russian, Czech, Polish, and Serbian. Its history is centuries old and it is the earliest written language. It is a phonetic language, i.e. you pronounce what is written. Of course, first you get familiar with the Cyrillic alphabet! Overall, it is easy to be mastered by English speakers: its structure is similar to English; besides so many Volunteers have learned it and speak it fluently. Naturally there are some distinctive features like the gender of nouns and the verb system. The Old Bulgarian period dates back to the creation of the alphabet, the Glagolitsa, (circa 862 - 863 AD) by the Thessaloniki monks, Cyril and Methodius. The invention of the Glagolitic alphabet, comprised of 41 letters, constituted an original creative act. It was a new graphic system and ingenious creation, exactly adapted to the phonetic peculiarities of the Old Bulgarian language. Between the ninth and eleventh centuries yet another script was created in Bulgaria - the Cyrillic alphabet, or Kirilitsa. It includes the 24 letters of the Greek titular code lettering to which several new signs have been added for the sounds peculiar to the Old Bulgarian tongue. The Cyrillic script is used by (among others) Bulgarians, Russians, Ukrainians, Byelorussians, Serbians, Macedonians and Mongolians, who adopted it from the Russians. The Modern Bulgarian period is the third phase in the historical evolution of the traditional language of the Old Bulgarian and Middle Bulgarian periods. -
Old Church Slavonic: an Elementary Grammar 1
0. INTRODUCTION 0.1 What is Old Church Slavonic? The Slavonic languages belong to the Indo-European Group of languages, to which the Germanic languages (which include English) belong, as well as the Romance languages, which include Latin, the Celtic languages, the Iranian languages, Sanskrit, Greek and Armenian. The Slavonic languages are usually divided into three groups: West Slavonic, including Polish and Czech and Upper and Lower Sorbian; East Slavonic, comprising Russian, Byelorussian and Ukrainian, and South Slavonic; the South Slavonic group consists of Slovenian, Serbo-Croat, Macedonian and Bulgarian. The first Slavonic language to be committed to writing was a South Slavonic dialect of Bulgarian or Macedonian type, and is called Old Church Slavonic because of its function. (In some works it is called Old Bulgarian, but this is best avoided as Old Church Slavonic is not identical with the Bulgarian language of that time.) For the relationship of Old Church Slavonic with Indo- European, see G. Nandrif, Old Church Slavonic Grarmar^ London, 1959. In the year 862, Prince Rostislav of Moravia, which was then an important grouping of Slavonic peoples in Central Europe, sent a request to the Byzantine Emperor Michael III for Slavonic- speaking missionaries to spread Christianity in his lands and counter the influence of German clergy. Constantine and his brother Methodius were chosen because the former had already proved himself as a scholar and missionary, while the latter was an experienced administrator. Both were natives of Salonica where there was a Slavonic-speaking population. The brothers' work in Moravia was approved by the pope, and in 869 Constantine and Methodius travelled to Rome where Constantine died, having taken monastic vows and assumed the name of Cyril. -
INTERSLAVIC Zonal Constructed Language
INTERSLAVIC zonal constructed language an introduction for English-speakers Interslavic zonal constructed language is an auxiliary language, which looks very similar to real spoken Slavic languages in Central and Eastern Europe and continues the tradition of the Old Church Slavonic language. Interslavic shares grammar and common vocabulary with modern spoken Slavic languages in order to build a universal language tool that Slavic people can understand without any or with very minimal prior learning. It is an easily-learned language for those who want to use this language actively. Interslavic ena- bles passive (e.g. receptive) understanding of the real Slavic languages. Non-Slavic people can use Interslavic as the door to the big Slavic world. Zonal constructed languages are constructed languages made to facilitate communica- tion between speakers of a certain group of closely related languages. They belong to the international auxiliary languages, but unlike languages like Esperanto and Volapük they are not intended to serve for the whole world, but merely for a limited linguistic or geo- graphic area where they take advantage of the fact that the people of this zone understand these languages without having to learn them in a difficult way. Zonal languages include the ancient Sanskirt, Old Church Slavonic, and Lingua Franca. Zonal design can be partially found also in modern languages such as contemporary Hebrew, Indonesian, and Swahili. Vojtěch Merunka Prague, February 2018 ISO-690 citation example MERUNKA, Vojtěch. Interslavic zonal constructed language - an introduction for English-speakers. Lukáš Lhoťan publishing, 1st ed. Prague 2018. ISBN (print) 978-80-907004-9-9 ISBN (e-book) 978-80-904932-7-8 Support for this book Was provided by the multi-genre international festival Days of Slavic culture, organised annuallY bY the Slavic Union of the Czech Republic. -
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2nd International Conference on Education, Language, Art and Intercultural Communication (ICELAIC 2015) Neoslavonic Language Zonal Language Constructing: Challenge, Experience, Opportunity to the 21st Century Vojtech Merunka Martin Molhanec Czech University of Life Sciences Czech Technical University in Prague Czech Technical University in Prague Prague, Czech Republic Prague, Czech Republic E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Abstract—This paper describes the project of artificial centuries to attempt to create a universal zonal Slavic zonal language construction and first experiences with its use. language that would be more understandable to all Slavs. [9] The paper presents the design principles of this language and Among these include Old Church Slavonic, developed in the the sources of it: Old (Church) Slavonic, Interslavic project, 9th century by two Byzantine Greek missionaries and saint and the False Friend of the Slavic project. Finally, the co-patrons of the Europe, the brothers Constantine the opportunities for the language practical use and first Philosopher (Cyril) and Methodius of Thessalonica [10], as experiences are discussed. This article also proposes a new well as dozens of other projects since today. What they have approach of analysis and more accurate machine translation in common is that they are all based on the assumption that between fusion free-word-order languages. the Slavic languages are similar enough to make such an Keywords—Neoslavonic zonal constructed language; Slavic auxiliary language possible at all. languages; machine translation of free-word-order languages The oldest known example (except the Old Church Slavonic from 9st century, of course) is Ruski jezik (1665) by I. -
On Some Recent Pomak Writing Activities in Greece: Ethno-Cultural Context and Linguistic Peculiarities
ESUKA – JEFUL 2011, 2 – 1: 261 – 272 ON SOME RECENT POMAK WRITING ACTIVITIES IN GREECE: ETHNO-CULTURAL CONTEXT AND LINGUISTIC PECULIARITIES Maria Manova Humboldt University of Berlin Abstract. Despite numerous attempts at codifying their language, the Pomaks in Greece, a linguistic as well as religious minority, do not generally put into writing this variety, which is considered to be a Bulgarian dialect. Up until about fifteen years ago, there was an absence of any kind of lexicographic tradition. The grammars, dic- tionaries etc. that appeared in Greece in the mid-1990’s can be classified as “external” codifications, since most of them were made by the majority. Over the last few years, however, an increasing minority-activism has changed the situation somewhat. Some writ- ing has begun to emerge from the community, but the variety is still far from fitting the criteria for micro-literacy, the codification of which is difficult due to the different idiolectal varieties of the language actors, which are far away from a uniform orthographical norm as well as an alphabet. However, the publications in the mi- nority language are seen as evidence of cultural emancipation and linguistic vitality. This article deals with the issues of language and literacy among the Pomaks in Greece and presents a case study of the ethno-linguistic orientation of the currently most productive Pomak language activist’s writings. Keywords: minority languages in the Balkans, identity, language planning, written use of minority languages, lexical modernization 1. Introduction The Pomaks converted to Islam during the period of Otto- man rule in the Balkans.