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Sunrise Fire Salvage Environmental Assessment Superior and Ninemile Ranger Districts, Lolo National Forest Mineral County, Montana

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Sunrise Fire Salvage Environmental Assessment Superior and Ninemile Ranger Districts, Lolo National Forest Mineral County, Montana United States Department of Agriculture Sunrise Fire Salvage Environmental Assessment Superior and Ninemile Ranger Districts, Lolo National Forest Mineral County, Montana U.S. Forest Service Region 1 May 2018 For More Information Contact: Project Leader Pat Partyka ([email protected]) Telephone: 406-826-4314 Superior District Ranger Carole Johnson ([email protected]) Superior Ranger District P.O. Box 460 Superior, MT 59872 Telephone: 406-822-3928 Fax: 406-822-3903 Ninemile District Ranger Erin Phelps ([email protected]) Ninemile Ranger District 20325 Remount Road Huson, MT 59846 Telephone: 406-626-5408 Fax: 406-626-5403 In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; (2) fax: (202) 690-7442; or (3) email: [email protected]. USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer and lender. CONTENTS UPDATES TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT .......................................................1 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1 Background ..................................................................................................................................2 CHAPTER 1: PURPOSE AND NEED FOR ACTION ..............................................................5 1.1 Purpose and Need ...................................................................................................................5 1.2 Project Development ..............................................................................................................7 1.3 Proposed Action .....................................................................................................................7 1.3.1 Design Criteria .................................................................................................................8 1.4 Public Involvement ................................................................................................................8 1.4.1 Issue Resolution ...............................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 2: ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................................13 2.1 Alternatives Considered in Detail ........................................................................................13 2.1.1 Resource Protection Measures .......................................................................................16 2.1.2 Monitoring .....................................................................................................................21 2.2 Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Detailed Study .............................................21 2.3 Comparison of Alternatives .................................................................................................22 2.4 Conflicting Views over Post-fire Salvage ............................................................................23 CHAPTER 3: ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ........................................................................33 3.1 Past, Present, and Reasonably Foreseeable Future Actions .................................................33 3.2 Vegetation ............................................................................................................................37 3.2.1 Resilient Vegetative Conditions ....................................................................................37 3.2.2 Old Growth ....................................................................................................................41 3.2.3 Forest Carbon Storage and Climate Change ..................................................................43 3.2.4 Botany ............................................................................................................................45 3.2.5 Weeds ............................................................................................................................46 3.3 Soils ......................................................................................................................................49 3.4 Hydrology .............................................................................................................................56 3.5 Fisheries ...............................................................................................................................64 3.6 Wildlife .................................................................................................................................69 3.7 Transportation System/Public Safety .................................................................................105 3.8 Heritage ..............................................................................................................................107 3.9 Economics ..........................................................................................................................108 Literature Cited ......................................................................................................................... 115 Appendix A – Maps ....................................................................................................................131 Appendix B – Detailed Vegetation Treatment Areas ..............................................................133 Appendix C – Soils .....................................................................................................................137 Appendix D – Review of Literature Provided in Public Comment .......................................143 Appendix E – Response to Public Comments on the Initial EA (April 2018) ......................259 i ii Sunrise Fire Salvage Environmental Assessment UPDATES TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT This Environmental Assessment has been updated to address public comments on the original EA (April 2018) and make minor editorial changes. The modifications to this EA further clarify the original analysis and documentation of project effects and are not considered substantial. The updated EA includes the following additions: The Forest Service’s response to public comments on the original EA is included in Appendix E. The Forest Service’s response to the additional literature provided in public comments on the original EA is included in Appendix D. A cumulative effects analysis of 70 acres of salvage on Weyerhaeuser land in the Sunrise Creek drainage has been added to the appropriate resource sections in Chapter 3. In late May after publication of the original EA, Weyerhaeuser notified the Forest Service that the company was initiating salvage operations on 70 acres of their land in Section 12. More detailed information about this activity is provided in Chapter 3, section 3.1, and a map is included in Appendix A. As described in Chapter 3, cumulative effects of this activity are negligible. INTRODUCTION The Lolo National Forest is proposing the Sunrise Fire Salvage project to harvest dead and dying trees, cut hazard trees along roads, and plant tree seedlings within the perimeter of the Sunrise Fire. The project is located on the Superior and Ninemile Ranger Districts in Mineral County, about seven miles southeast of Superior, Montana (see Figure 1). Figure 1: Vicinity map of the Sunrise Fire Salvage project 1 Sunrise Fire Salvage Environmental Assessment On July 16, 2017, the Sunrise Fire was ignited by lightning. Despite suppression efforts, the fire burned throughout the summer and into early fall, affecting roughly 27,000 acres (approximately 24,800 of National Forest System land, 600 acres of Weyerhaeuser land, and 1600 acres of other private land). The majority (94 percent) of the National Forest System (NFS) land affected by the fire is allocated to timber production and/or where salvage is permitted by the Lolo Forest Plan1. While the
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