ZEFIRO Speed 250 – 380 Kph 8 ZEFIRO380 China* General

High Speed Trains Time matters

DTU June 2019 Lasse Toylsbjerg-Petersen What is High Speed?

The European Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI) defines three different speeds for Rail

0 – 189 km/h 190 – 249 km/h 250 - km/h

Coventional Rail High Speed Very High Speed

Trend: Infrastructure for High Speed can be established for ”same” costs as conventional

Trend: Conventional Rolling …but in many cases VHS Rolling Stock Stock can be developed up to can be ”down scaled” to 200 kph with 200 kph better Total Costs of Ownership

250 km/h 500 km/h 250 km/h

0 – 189 km/t 190 – 249 km/t 250 - km/t

When train passes eachother at high speed, the cross wind lead to specific technical requirements for the trains.

With cross speeds at 400+ kph, comfort for the passengers are low, - thus from 200 kph trains starts to be pressuretight – leading to ”one plate doors” (not small doors)

In addition there is a safety issue to ensure doors and windows are not ”pushed in” at cross speeds of 420+ kph

Author | Organizational abbreviation | Date (Month DD, YYYY) | Rev. x.x | Confidentiality level 4 © Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Key industry trends for HS and VHS trains Market trends

Urbanization and Competition Innovations Customer Environmental globalization demand awareness . Mega city trend . Liberalization . Digitalization . Total cost of . Energy increases ownership efficiency . Private rail . Automation demand for competitors . High capacity . Carbon neutral intercity and . Last mile and availability airport . Buses (door-to-door) . Emission free . Work and relax transport connections . Individual . Efficient high- . More people will transport speed . Passenger . Ban of commute through operations and amenities combustion automation and connections engines, bad . Speed: Time . Safe and low fuel prices image of diesel matters convenient way engine . Increasing of transport competition . Cross-border between KTH: ”By every % you You need to utilize your If rail does notoperation develop – cut from transport time, operators rolling stock and staff to other transport modes will you gain 1% more the maximum passengers” Author | Organizational abbreviation | Date (Month DD, YYYY) | Rev. x.x | Confidentiality level 5 © Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Customers are not buying HS or VHS trains Key industry trends for HS and VHS trains – they are investing in a long-term success Market trends

Urbanization and Competition Innovations Customer Environmental globalization demand awareness . Mega city trend . Liberalization . Digitalization . Total cost of . Energy increases ownership efficiency . Private rail . Automation demand for competitors . High capacity . Carbon neutral intercity and . Last mile and availability airport . Buses (door-to-door) . Emission free . Work and relax transport connections . Individual . Efficient high- . More people will transport speed . Passenger . Ban of commute through operations and amenities combustion automation and connections engines, bad . Speed: Time . Safe and low fuel prices image of diesel matters convenient way engine . Increasing of transport competition . Cross-border between KTH: ”By every % you You need to utilize your If rail does notoperation develop – cut from transport time, operators rolling stock and staff to other transport modes will you gain 1% more the maximum passengers” Author | Organizational abbreviation | Date (Month DD, YYYY) | Rev. x.x | Confidentiality level 6 © Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Very High Speed trains Bombardier ZEFIRO Speed 250 – 380 kph 8 ZEFIRO380 China* General

The ZEFIRO380 China sets the benchmark for clean speed and long-distance rail travel. As one of the world’s fastest series-production trains, it balances the demands of economy and ecology. It has an aerodynamic design that benefits from Bombardier Aerospace know-how and, fueled by unique BOMBARDIER ECO4 technologies, delivers the lowest energy consumption per seat in this segment.

In September 2009 the Chinese Ministry of Railways (MOR) ordered 80 CRH380D trains for the country’s rapidly expanding VHS rail network. In May 2012, the contract was changed and finalized to 70 CRH380D 8-car trains (and 106 CRH1 8-car trains). In September 2015 the customer ordered 15 more 8-car train sets. All these trains were developed together with and produced in our JV Bombardier Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation (BST).

Author | Organisational abbreviation | Date (Month DD, YYYY) | Rev. x.x | Confidentiality level 8 © Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. * Named CRH380D by the customer Chinese Railway Corporation CRH380D CRC (China Railway Corporation), China

Vehicle data Type of vehicle EMU Quantity 70 trains + 15 on order; 680 cars Configurations Seater coaches, 8-car or 16-car Power supply 25 kV AC, Train length / system length 215 m (8 cars), 428 m (16 cars) Train control Chinese ETCS Capacity Up to 664 seats on a 8-car train, Up to 1,336 seats on a 16-car train Speed 380 km/h Max acceleration > 0.48 m/s² Propulsion Up to 20 MW Carbody Aluminum Axle Load 17 t Project history Order year September 2009, September 2012 In service March 2015 Joint-Venture Bombardier Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation Ltd. (BST) Services Contract type Full maintenance contract for heavy maintenance

• Consortium with Hitachi Rail Italy • Offers unprecedented capacity and comfort levels in the high speed segment. • Provide multi-voltage technology and TSI compliance: including different power supply, signalling and train control systems, cross-border operation is allowed on all AC and DC lines for true European interoperability. • Running at up to 360 km/h, it is Europe’s fastest serial production train. • can operate on any TSI high speed rail networks and cross country corridors, riding on both dedicated and non-dedicated tracks. • sets new benchmarks in the maintenance of the train with CBM (condition-based maintenance), leading edge concept for an efficient operational management of the fleet. Major Milestones: • September 30°, 2010 Trenitalia ordered 50 train sets • In December 2014 signature of maintenance contract • Certified with TSI 2008 in April 2015 (valid until March 2022) • 2015 June 14: Start of commercial service • Test speed of 390,7 km/h reached on Dec.1°, 2015. • VO French corridor received in December 2017 • May 21st, 2019: order of additional 14 train sets

Vehicle/system data Type of vehicle EMU Quantity 50 trains; 400 cars Configurations 8-car Power supply Up to 4 systems per train (25 kV AC; 15 kV AC; 3kV DC; 1.5 kV DC) Train length / system length 202 m Train control ETCS local ATP systems IT, FR Capacity 455 seats + 2 PRM Speed 25 kV AC: 360 km/h 15 kV AC, 3 kV DC: 300 km/h 1,5 kV DC: 220 km/h Max acceleration > 0.7 m/s² Propulsion 9.6 MW Carbody Aluminum Axle Load (TSI) 17 t Project history Order year September 2010 In service 2015 Consortium Bombardier Transportation Italy in partnership with Hitachi Services Contract type Full maintenance contract for Bombardier’s scope

Author | Organizational abbreviation | Date (Month DD, YYYY) | Rev. x.x | Confidentiality level 11 © Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. V300ZEFIRO Italy Operability V300ZEFIRO is a multi-voltage train conforming to the European Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI).

It will be able to cross boarders and travel on the following EU corridors:

(Incl. national ATC systems and ETCS 1&2)

12 © Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Donor Vehicle Product V300ZEFIRO Product Concept Standard Standard ServiceLevel Premium Premium ServiceLevel Motor converter Motor transformer Main Auxiliary converter Auxiliary DM8 T4 Summary Business Business ServiceLevel Standard Standard ServiceLevel DC Chopper resistor Brake / Batteries TT7 M3 - charger Italy Business Business ServiceLevel Standard Standard ServiceLevel - TT2 TT2 M6 Configuration TrailerBogie Bogie Motor Premium Premium Service Level Executive ServiceLevel DM1 T5

14 © Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. High Speed trains Bombardier ZEFIRO Express 200 – 250 kph For HS trains several changes to the standard VHS train is possible Bombardier ZEFIRO Express

Adjustable configuration Adjustable Gauge

54m UIC 2825 mm

DK 3200 mm

SE 3450 mm

DK SE Gauge Gauge

213m

Adjustable Operating Speed Adjustable intermediate cars 380 km/h for reference 250 km/h 200 km/h LF / 1 door

HF / 1 door

LF / 2 door

ZEFIRO Express full variability to cover a wide market range

Author | Organizational abbreviation | Date (Month DD, YYYY) | Rev. x.x | Confidentiality level 16 © Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Maximized capacity Wide carbody and doors designed for high-capacity routes

. The ZEFIRO solution incorporates a highly flexible carbody . Width can be adapted according to country specific network requirements, allowing for comfortable 2+3 seating if required . Quick boarding and departure with 1,400 mm doors and an UIC 2825 mm interior that enables the passengers to quickly locate DK 3260 mm available seats SE 3450 mm

Open design and 3+2 seating arrangements provide capacity for up to 800 seats.

Author | Organizational abbreviation | Date (Month DD, YYYY) | Rev. x.x | Confidentiality level 17 © Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. High comfort and accessibility Best comfort level to satisfy your customers

Passenger comfort . Highest possible passenger comfort level based on high-speed platform experience built into the ZEFIRO Express . Pressure tight cars to increase comfort when passing tunnels and other trains, and to reduce noise when travelling at high speeds . Spacious environment with high ceiling and wide carbody . Comfort that will improve customer satisfaction and increase ridership High-floor and low-floor . Boarding height is flexible and allows passengers with reduced mobility to board the train without assistance . Step-free entrance into the train and the area for passengers with limited mobility is accessible without steps . 1,400 mm wide doors for easy access . Boarding is rapid and convenient, increasing reliability by allowing the train to stay on schedule

Pressure tightness, wide carbody, plus high-level and low-level boarding, ensures comfort and accessibility.

Author | Organizational abbreviation | Date (Month DD, YYYY) | Rev. x.x | Confidentiality level 18 © Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Bombardier’s solution – ZEFIRO Express train Main technical data

Service speed range 200 km/h to 250 km/h Variants Seater coaches, up to 8-car, low- floor and high-floor entrance Capacity range Up to 800 seats on a 213 m train (in wide body 2+3 seating) Train length Flexible configuration from 2-cars (54m) to 8-cars (213 m) Carbody Aluminum carbody, pressure tight, UIC profile and wide body applications, 1 or 2 doors per side Voltage 15 / 25 kV AC Propulsion Asynchronous motors, forced cooling, high redundant single axle drive, scalable propulsion for all customer needs Multiple operation Multiple operation of up to 4 possible Max acceleration Up to 0.9 m/s² Axle load 20 t Bogie FLEXX Compact

Author | Organizational abbreviation | Date (Month DD, YYYY) | Rev. x.x | Confidentiality level 19 © Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. The ZEFIRO Express is derived from our Chineese CRH1A/B/E China Ministry of Railways, China

Vehicle data Type of vehicle EMU Quantity 168 trains; 1,664 cars Configurations 8-car and 16-car Power supply 25 kV AC Train length / system length 216 - 429 m Train control Chinese ETCS Capacity Sleeper 16-car configuration: 122 seats, 480 beds, 16 luxury beds Speed 250 km/h Max acceleration > 0.6 m/s² Propulsion Up to 13.5 MW Carbody Stainless steel carbody, later aluminum Axle Load 16.5 t Project history Order year October 2007, July 2010, September 2012 In service January 2007 Joint-Venture Bombardier Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation Ltd. (BST) Services Contract type Full maintenance contract for heavy maintenance

Author | Organizational abbreviation | Date (Month DD, YYYY) | Rev. x.x | Confidentiality level 20 © Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. The CRH1A is among others used at the Hainan High Speed Ring

Hainan is a Chinese Island in the South China Sea. As part of the development of the Island for tourism many industries where relocated to main land, while the entire infrastrucutre was redesigned. Of this First the ”Eastern” high speed line opened in 2010, then the ”Western” High speed line opened in 2017. Both serve the two main cities of the Island Haikou and Sanya. Today op to 35 trains travel pr direction pr day. 9 of these make a complete circle.

Picture of the same street in the city of Guilinyang in year 2012 (left) and 2018 (right) showing the development of the Island

Author | Organizational abbreviation | Date (Month DD, YYYY) | Rev. x.x | Confidentiality level 21 © Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. The Hainan High Speed is interesting in a Danish perspective

Hainan Western Line ”Timemodellen” / One Hour Model Sanya – Haikou 308 km Copenhagen - Aarhus 302 km The Hainan High Speed serves larger cities than in Travel time 1t, 57 min Travel time 1t, 55 min Denmark, but the distances and speed are similar Stops 4 stop Stops 1 stop Max speed 250 km/t Max speed 250 km/t to the Danish ”One Hour Model”. Population Sanya 685.000 Population Aarhus 335.000 Huge passenger growth of 300% is linked to the Populatione Haikou 2.046.000 Population Copenhagen 1.295.000 Max train length 400 meter Max train length 320 meter shorter travel time Max capacity pr hour* 3.600 pax Max capacity pr hour* 1.900 pax

Author | Organizational abbreviation | Date (Month DD, YYYY) | Rev. x.x | Confidentiality level 22 © Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. HS and VHS trains in a Danish perspective Generic comparisons of trains types for the Copenhagen – Aarhus line

w/o full One Hour Model” Today 200 kph Travel time 2h 51m 2h 20m

Fleet size (hourly service) 8 trains 7 trains

Train investment pr train (index)* 100 Estimated TCO index 117

Estimated Passenger growth +18%

*: 162 meter train lenght (only 108 meter for ”One Hour Model”)

Author | Organizational abbreviation | Date (Month DD, YYYY) | Rev. x.x | Confidentiality level 23 © Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. HS and VHS trains in a Danish perspective Generic comparisons of trains types for the Copenhagen – Aarhus line

w/o full One With the ”One Hour Model” Hour Model” Today 200 kph 200 kph 250 kph Travel time 2h 51m 2h 20m 2h 02m 1h 55m

Fleet size (hourly service) 8 trains 7 trains 6 trains 5 trains

Train investment pr train (index)* 100 100 100 Estimated TCO index 117 100 80

Estimated Passenger growth +18% +28% +32%

*: 162 meter train lenght (only 108 meter for ”One Hour Model”)

Author | Organizational abbreviation | Date (Month DD, YYYY) | Rev. x.x | Confidentiality level 24 © Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. HS and VHS trains in a Danish perspective Generic comparisons of trains types for the Copenhagen – Aarhus line

w/o full One With the ”One Hour Model” With a fixed link accross Kattegat Hour Model” Today 200 kph 200 kph 250 kph 250 kph 380 kph Travel time 2h 51m 2h 20m 2h 02m 1h 55m 59 m 45 m

Fleet size (hourly service) 8 trains 7 trains 6 trains 5 trains 3 trains 2 trains

Train investment pr train (index)* 100 100 100 150* 150* Estimated TCO index 117 100 80 75 50

Estimated Passenger growth +18% +28% +32% +65% +74%

*: 162 meter train lenght (only 108 meter for ”One Hour Model”)

Author | Organizational abbreviation | Date (Month DD, YYYY) | Rev. x.x | Confidentiality level 25 © Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. And why not go for batteries on the fixed Kattegat link? ZEFIRO Express offers the ideal solution for non-electrified lines up to 100 km

1. Reduced costs 2. Reduced emissions 3. Reduced noise and vibrations

The TCO of the battery-powered train is Reduction of CO2, NOx and particle Vibrations and noise emission are comparable with a traditional EMU emissions thanks to battery operation reduced by up to 7 decibels, providing on non-electrified lines without diesel passengers with a comfortable ride. engine.

4. Improved operability 5. Infrastructure cost reduction 6. Increased passenger comfort Improved operability and flexibility due Avoids costly catenary electrification Direct connections and reduced travel to fleet standardization, new (ca. 1M€ / km) thanks to 100% electric times, leading to better services and connections, and replacement of diesel battery train operation. increased ridership. fleet; BEMU/EMU multiple operation . If a fixed link across Kattegat is considered, there is no need to invest in catenary all the way. Modern High Speed and Very High Speed trains will be able to shoq same performance in battery mode as in electric mode.

TCO = Total cost of ownership

DTU June 2019 Lasse Toylsbjerg-Petersen Bombardier Transportation Denmark Phone: 2440 0664 Mail: [email protected] Facts and figures Did you know?

°C 500K

Over 1,200 high- Able to operate in Operational costs ZEFIRO trains speed trains -40 degrees are 800,000 EUR operate 500,000 delivered in the past Celsius to +35 less over the km every day 25 years degrees Celsius lifetime of a train