The Re-Emergence of Nationalism in 21St Century Europe

Asian Social Sciences Review Vol 1, Issue 2 (2020) The Re-Emergence of Nationalism…..

THE RE-EMERGENCE OF NATIONALISM IN 21ST CENTURY EUROPE

Hamna Kamal SZABIST (Karachi Campus)

Muhammad Umair Rafique SZABIST (Karachi Campus)

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Abstract:

Europe seventy-five years ago embarked on a new journey to leave its bloody and horrendous past behind. The goal was that a repeat of the previous wars cannot be afforded. Inter connectedness and co-operation were achieved as the countries sought a better political and economic future. In the post-war world, Europe and even at times her friend and ally across the pond sought to overcome and fight those elements that once; when left unchecked had rioted the world-leading destruction in their wake. At its worst form, nationalism had taken the shape of a monster in Nazi Germany and caused innocents across the world to suffer. In this paper, I have attempted to understand why is it that nationalism is on the rise again in Europe and more importantly are these trends once again following the same path of destruction. I have tried to undergo whether the concern of rising nationalism in Europe is as threatening to the world as they were a hundred years ago or is it just a movement on the sides. For this, I have selected Five countries (three from Western Block and Two from Eastern Block) to comprehend the different movements and analyze the nature of these rising trends. Keywords: Europe, Nationalism, European Union, Right-Wing Politics, Anti-Immigration

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1. Introduction The history of Europe has seen the idea of nationalism take deep roots and cause grave mayhem and destruction when it unfolded in its most extreme form. One could compare the ideology of a nationalist to a chameleon; over time it can take various forms. In the history of Europe nationalism has taken different meanings over various periods. At times it has been seen as the prerogative of a certain nation. There are other times when nations have interpreted a certain period in their history to suit their political ambitions. In the past two centuries, the phenomenon of nationalism has been such a major event that it has to divide Europe from some dozen nations to thousands. The many small nations across the continent of Europe have successfully determined their right to self-determination which in turn has given these nations a right to establish and practice their political, economic, socio-cultural, ambitions without any interference from the outside world. In the guise of globalization, many important economic and political changes have occurred throughout the world. With globalization, institutions like multi-national corporations, transnational corporations, supranational organizations, or even interstate economic organizations like European Union have such a powerful impact that they are impacting monetary policy, commercial undertakings being regulated, security policies. The European Union is considered to be challenging national sovereignty and in new world politics an idea is emerging that keeps other political entities higher than national sovereignty. This is leading to a tussle between nationalists, who are focused on aspirations and interests benefit for their nations, and supra nationalism, a new idea that resists these ambitions and believes in higher political entities enforcing rules and managing judgments directly to the national structures. The problem with this new order is that while trade flows are being facilitated and financial integration is being set the political borders of nations states are disappearing. As borders erode on economic and social levels as well when people and traders are allowed to move so freely, another problem is encountered which is on a psychological and social level. People tend to associate themselves with a certain group to be distinctive even when they are working in big communities. It is indeed very paradoxical, that the phenomenon pushing them to come together also is making them hold onto differences and be distinctive from each other.

1.1 Research Purpose The purpose of this research is to understand the growth and awakening of nationalism and nationalist elements in 21st century Europe. As nationalism is a relatively new concept and has emerged only in the past two centuries; the last time it was one of the main causes behind World War I, its re-emergence in any form in the continent of Europe is a troubling sign. The research paper will aim to decipher the causes behind it and understand the movement itself.

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2. Research Objectives

The research has the following objectives 1. To understand the reasons for erupting sense of nationalism in Europe. 2. To understand the causes behind nationalist movements across European countries. 3. To evaluate the dangers to society due to these movements

2.1 Research Questions

1. What are the reasons behind the sudden re-emergence of nationalism in Europe? 2. Are these movements on the sidelines or are representing the majority? 3. How dangerous or threatening are these movements to a global world? 4. What is the impact of such elements on a large scale?

3. Literature Review 3.1 Western Europe and The Re-Birth of Nationalism In Western European Countries, a rising concern is about the rise of extreme right-wing parties most especially their success in the electoral process. In the last three decades, this has been a trend in the democratic countries of Western Europe. These parties might be in different countries but share very similar ideologies and stances. Immigration is one issue that they see as the reason for their decaying economic and social welfare. This is helping them in appealing to voters when it comes to unemployment or economic conditions since as early as the 1970s. (Jackman & Volpert, 1996) Social scientists and political sociologists are giving considerable attention to this phenomenon. Swyngedouw and Ivaldi in 2001 and Ivarsflaten in 2008 conducted studies that found unemployment and economic conditions are regarded as a result of immigration have sided in the rise of these extreme rightwing parties rising. The political agenda is the refusal of the existing status quo.

3.2 France The history of French Nationalism is such that it takes its roots from the era of enlightenment. It came from the French Bourgeoisie of the time. The infamous trial of the Jewish General Alfred Dreyfus sparked an intellectual discussion that first gave the idea of a nation. Nationalism as it started as an idea by the left (demanding independence from the right) soon gained many right-wing tendencies. The concept of nation is what helped demonstrate unity and make the French colonial state come together.

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3.3 Front National Party France in 1972 saw the birth of the Front National Party which is regarded as the most influential and successful extreme right-wing parties in Western Europe. Front National is widely famous for their strict law as well as order policy but mostly for their support of the anti-immigration policy. The party does not mince words with their policy-making it very clear that they believe in the deportation of immigrants because the immigrant population is to be responsible for criminal activities as well as a source of unemployment. Racial comments are banned by the various anti-racist laws existing in the country but Jean-Marie Le Pen the former president of the National Front who served the party from 1972 till 2011 has very clearly put that there is incompatibility and a cultural difference with non-Europeans. Other members of his party have voiced similar comments. (Friedman, The World Explained in Maps, 2017) Front National has so vividly put their thoughts about Non-Europeans which can be seen from the statement made by Le Pen: “a hierarchical dichotomy, not only in terms of the traditional opposition between civilization and barbarity but also concerning the capacities or performances of Whites and Blacks comparatively”. Despite being criticized by the Social Democrats in France Front National still managed to make a home with the French voter.

3.4 The French Affirmation The diversity of a united France has come from separate languages, sources, and ways of life. As mentioned above, French nationalism is such it sees itself as a universal program. The French values of “liberté, égalité, and fraternité” are as important as French language or living on French soil. So anyone adopting these principles is French. When unifying the nation each fraction had to exclude certain groups to define the whole nation. Aristocracy was the first fraction and now the original exclusion has been extended to take immigrants out.

3.5 The Battle Wages The presidential elections that took place in April of 2017 asked the important question of Muslim assimilation and Immigrants as full members of the French State. In the presidential elections Maria Le Pen, the far-right leader of the Front National Party-led effort to make the far-right palatable in France’s mainstream politics. The Front National in the parliamentary elections failed to break through that took place the following month and Maria Le Pen renamed the party to Rassemblement National meaning National Rally. Ms. Le Pen continues to raise her voice against mass immigration even blaming European Union for it with her party opposing the euro. She and her party have found some like-minded people in

Asian Social Sciences Review Vol 1, Issue 2 (2020) The Re-Emergence of Nationalism….. other nationalist and far-right parties in Europe. The current Macron Presidency has its biggest challenge in the “gilets Jaunes (yellow vest) movement” in which the anti-establishment has protested over the cost of living. The movement has attracted some activists from the far right as well. 3.6 Britain: Make Britain Great Again The 1000 years of history in which an island that was approximately the size of California grew to be the empire encompassing 25% of the World’s population, so vast its embrace that it is most rightly aid that the sun never set on the British Empire. At its heart, British Nationalism was secured to the empire every time she was expanded through War, Trade, and even religion at times. (Elsayed, 2018) While the Empire grew politically, economically, and culturally abroad; at home it became a source of pride and glory. A legacy like that cannot vanish overnight. So even as the sovereign states came into being, the empire dissolving the love and patriotism for the United Kingdom did not fade away even leading to difficulties when British Government had to join European Union. Dubbed the “awkward partner” Britain would often try to negotiate out of areas that did not hold his interest. From the beginning using its privileged position to shape a Euro congruent with her preferences. Whether exemption from participating in the euro (Protocol 25 of Maastricht Treaty) or abolished border controls (Article 4 of Schengen Agreement). (Boland, 2016) Regardless of this, the partnership was necessary, and that Britain to ensure economic stability would need Europe the European Skepticism never really left. The Brexit Dilemma United Kingdom Independence Party was founded in 1991 with its purpose to promote a populist and nationalist agenda. When British citizens rejected the current political establishment and conventional parties whom in their opinion failed to highlight their cultural and economic concerns; the United Kingdom Independence Party rose to prominence. In 2013, the then Prime Minister David Cameron promised to hold a referendum; a simple Brexit ballot that would be regarding whether the European Membership should be continued or not. The debate that started to settle out an internal part dispute would grow to be an emotionally and culturally taxing journey. The debate was divided into two sides; remain and leave. The remaining side tried to lead their campaign by explaining how economic instability would be the future for Britain, the business leaders of 200 companies against it a day after Cameron’s announcement. The left side was being led by Nigel Farage, a member of Parliament whose leadership actively tried to influence the government to change their EU and immigration policies. The politics of fear was heavily used in the campaign with powerful nationalist slogans. Throughout towns in the UK signs like “I want my country back” and “Take back control” were

Asian Social Sciences Review Vol 1, Issue 2 (2020) The Re-Emergence of Nationalism….. splashed. The nostalgia for a more successful British Past was delved in forgotten because of a loss of national power. Some of the facts used to support the cause were even made up (like Brussels being provided hundreds of millions of pounds a week or European migrants using NHS, National Health Service, for expensive treatments). Farage was not able to make a home with everyone with The Guardian reporting that “UKIP had virtually no support among the financially secure and the middle-aged university graduates who dominated politics and the media. Essentially, UKIP hosted a revolt dominated by “white faces, blue collars, and gray hair”; support was weak among women, white-collar professionals, and the young, while ethnic minority voters shunned the party.” There was a deeper social and divide of values in Britain and the vote of 52% in favor of leaving while 48% in favor of staying highlighted this divide. The difference was highlighted plain and clear; old vs young, urban vs rural, poor vs rich, college graduates’ vs people without degrees, white vs non-white. The immigration and the economic inequality fear was used to play in the then glory vs now divide. 3.7 The Reasoning and Underlying Frustration The theme that was underlined in many of the leave voters were stagnant income, furious at political parties unable to represent and express their concerns, and mostly feel threaten at the fast changes in their communities. Not focusing on the economic inequalities or the injustice of many people to not bounce back financially after the 2008 recession the UKIP blamed one scapegoat: European Union. According to Oxford University Migration Observatory Research Team, the average wages or unemployment of British citizens have had no important changes due to migration. The British Social Attitudes conducted a study which showed that citizens who voted had a national identity and cultural outlook pave the way of their choice. 73% of people who thought that the identity and culture of Great Britain were under attack by these immigrants were voting in favor of leaving. National identity played a huge role in their choice whether it is some feeling English before feeling British and European; and some feeling Londoner before British, both sides remain or leave had relating to identity play a part in their choices. (Ruhs & Carlos, 2017)

3.8 Germany The European Union and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) have both given post-war Germany a framework but most importantly an identity to thrive in. When nationalism starts to fray alliances the country is looking at an unpredictable, uncomfortable world ahead. In the elections for the European Parliament populist parties were expected to win. These parties had raised their voices against immigration, globalist elites, and even the European Union itself. In 2017, the Alternative for Germany (Alternative for Deutschland), AfD, with winning 12.6% of

Asian Social Sciences Review Vol 1, Issue 2 (2020) The Re-Emergence of Nationalism….. the vote entered the federal parliament for the first time as well as became Germany’s biggest opposition party. (Kakissis, 2019) The AfD has established itself as an anti-Euro party from the beginning. It has been pushing for anti-immigrant policies, hostility towards Islam, and breaking decades-old anti-Nazi taboos. When Germany allowed a million undocumented immigrants to arrive in their country a surge of popularity was witnessed for the political party. For almost 15 years Chancellor Merkel has stayed in the highest office of Germany. The Chancellor can be described as not only the linchpin of German politics but given her country’s importance in the European Union could be described as the linchpin of European politics. She is maneuvered her country through a crisis after crisis. 3.9 Deutschland and the EU Now Merkel has been faced with a new challenge; the European Union was once seen as a beacon of cooperation and progress, now is met with political parties that oppose the transnationalism and technocratic elite of the EU. The problem is cultural. Germany has the most powerful economy in Europe and the fourth-largest in the world. Germany herself has been deeply committed to the transnationalism and multilateralism of the European Union, providing unity and commitment to the project. The country believed that Europe is under a moral obligation to accept immigrants. The European Union believed should have the power to define these immigration levels. 3.10 Making and Breaking Alliances Chancellor Merkel and her team have issues they must resolve; the economy is at the forefront. The industrial output of Germany exceeds the domestic demand hence the European Union is a much-needed ally where exports are traded. A free trade zone as well as a common currency work miraculously in Germany’s support. The anti-European and anti-European Union sentiments that have found their way into the country reflected in the most recent elections with the winning of AfD is a troubling sign. The party is not just skeptical of the European Union they look at the Eurocratic elite with disdain and are all about preserving German culture from the immigrants. The fact that the AfD is a serious concern can be seen from the fact that they went from nothing to the third-largest party in the country. They have opposed the Chancellor’s principals while poaching members of Merkel’s party the Christian Democratic Union and her sister party in Bavaria known as the Christian Social Union.

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3.11 Escaping a Dark Past For Germany however, nationalism is a very dark and hurtful past. The country’s behavior in World War II was abhorrent, so the European Union was a much-needed rehabilitation. A new image that it desperately craved. Post-war Germany would reach economic greatness but it would not seek to become a military power. Since other counties in Europe and even in the world can revert to more national pride but for Germany, the concept has been contaminated by the Nazi regime. This is why they cannot stress enough for European Union. This new Germany would try to guide and support Europe not conquer it. Nazi Germany was xenophobic and nationalistic but European Union Germany would place Europe first. The European Union becoming a symbol of redemption, of letting go of her militaristic past and embracing a more peaceful future. Trying desperately not to repeat the past most Germans have modest dreams. A dream of living decently with each night when German Broadcaster signs off they play the anthem of Europe (based on Beethoven’s Ode to Joy) after they play the German anthem. 3.12 Eastern Europe and The case of the Struggling Block Eastern Europe is vastly different from the Western block. The struggles, the history, the journey is vastly different from each other. Though each country present in the Western block of Europe has had a different story in the past two hundred years, capitalism, the idea of democracy, and moving forward together has bound them under one cause. Adapting to the new world order has been difficult for countries in the Eastern Block. Most recently we have seen a new term coined called the Visegrad Four (V4), with these four countries; Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, and Slovakia, and their leaders gaining a reputation for ignoring Brussels’ and earning the label of the troublemakers. (Wagener, 2018) Western Europe’s multiculturalism is seen as a threat as well. Warsaw and Budapest have a new way to counter all the open societies of Western Europe. They are finding solace in new old values; the Christian Faith, family, the fatherland. Not just Poland and Hungary but the Czech Republic and Slovakia are having similar social and political sentiment emerge.

3.13 Poland Poland’s Jaroslaw Kaczynski who is leading the ruling party in the country is calling his reforms, Dobra Zmiana (good change). He is seen as an autocrat by critics and does not mix words when criticizing western societies. There is a redefining in the idea of Europe in the East. A clear shift can be seen but unlike the case of Great, Britain the economy is not the issue here. Poland had an economic development leaving behind the hypothesis that it is always economic crisis or/and unemployment rates that foster nationalist tendencies amongst people. In 1990 the

Asian Social Sciences Review Vol 1, Issue 2 (2020) The Re-Emergence of Nationalism….. average polish citizen earned one-twelfth of the average German citizen but by 2016 the figure improved to one-third. A remarkable uplift and yet nationalism was still on the rise. 3.14 The Victim and Identity Crisis According to Polish scientist Piotr Buras, the societies atomized by communism had been hit by nearly unchecked neoliberalism. These societies were not welfare states so capitalism moved freely where unions were already weak. The minority complex that was created can be seen today. Polish people view even themselves as the west does; “The slightly poor, the slightly backward and not as efficient.” (Hill, 2018) When it was time for the new prime minister to take his first foreign trip he visited Hungry instead of the EU. A move signifying the sentiment of alienation by Warsaw within the EU family behaving like a stranger. Few have demanded to turn its back on Brussels s EU has robbed them of their dignity. Polish writer Inga Iwasiow believes that the west has offered only “complications, limitation, and moral relativism”. The West places great significance on social issues like equality, secularization, minority rights none making it to Poland who is heavily influenced at the time by a right-wing party like PiS. A lot of this national sentiment is owed to the feeling of polish people that they were victims throughout history. Reverting to the national identity is one way to deal with it. Brussels heavily backed by Berlin will lead to an interesting confrontation with Warsaw. The poles have been a sovereign country for nearly two decades with the Nazis’ occupation and afterward the Soviets’. The culture is under threat not in the name of fascism but liberalism. So if a Germany back EU decides to dominate them naturally it is met with skepticism. The first and rural instinct is to revert to nationalism and patriotism. 3.15 Hungary In Hungary who also joined the European Union fifteen years ago, nation is a priority in a globalized borderless world. Prime Minister Viktor Orban and his Fidesz Party have redefined the values for their country. The world is complicating and threatening and new values have been attempted to simplify it. Orban is seen as an autocrat as well, christening Hungary as an “illiberal state”. Prime Minister Orban has placed his supporters in the judiciary. According to Michael Ignatieff, the President of Budapest based Central European University (the university is a thorn in Orban’s side) it is not right to think that Hungary after 1990’s political changes would follow the Western ideals of multiculturalism, democracy, market economy. The German News magazine Spiegel in December 2017, wrote that “the international elite that studies there are the ones the Hungarians mistrust”. Soros is a Hungarian American investor co-

Asian Social Sciences Review Vol 1, Issue 2 (2020) The Re-Emergence of Nationalism….. founded and financed largely the university is seen as “a figure symbolic of the financial capitalism that right-wing populists claim is a threat to traditions." Hungary much like its old friend and ally Poland suffers from trying to find an identity. It is still relatively a young nation that is trying to leave the Hapsburg dual monarchy behind after receiving its statehood in 1920. When Orban talks about returning to Hungarian Values it gives a sense of security to the people imagining a world without Brussels officials and foreigners. More than twenty-five years ago European Union’s members thought it would be easy to bring Eastern block in the fold s well; free market and democracy would be easily adapted. Ralf Dahrendorf, a German sociologist had disagreed with this prediction back then. It takes at least sixty years to create a democratic society, Hungary and Poland are proving that the dream of European Harmonization is a long way to go. 4. Discussion 4.1 The German Question Germany with its AfD party has a difficult path to maneuver. Unlike other countries in Europe and largely the world, Germans cannot revert or look back kindly on German Nationalism. The political events that took place in German elections cannot be viewed in the same light as events in Poland, Britain, or even Italy. When Angela Merkel was met with the Christian Social Union (CSU)’ threat to leave the coalition over the matter of immigration of all things it was a distressing situation, to say the least. The Chancellor had been fighting this form of xenophobia in different parts of Europe and now it was threatening to take her government down. Perhaps for this generation Nazism can be seen as a thing of the past, a hurtful history lesson but one they will never experience themselves. For older generations that is not the case. When traveling through Europe, according to George Friedman, the founder and Chairman of Geo Political Futures LLC, one can still see the lingering resentment. It is surely buried deep down, mostly starts with the current business practices but a long conversation will have you come face to face with some of the unkind things said about the nation. A strong antipathy one could say, the feeling of Anti-German is put on hold but not eradicated from the minds of Europeans. So if there is a wave of German nationalism rising again it will be viewed differently by Germans and differently by Europeans. This is much more dangerous than it seems at first glance. If similar to the other countries German culture is celebrated as a response against immigration, it will accelerate the nationalism in many countries that have been on defense against Germany. Germans for the most part have no ambitious dreams. They have tried to open the gates to migrants generously. The problem is that Germany is under the same pressures as the rest of Europe naturally responding to being in the same box. When people have a difficult time struggling to live

Asian Social Sciences Review Vol 1, Issue 2 (2020) The Re-Emergence of Nationalism….. themselves the generosity becomes harder and harder. So Chancellor Merkel’s dream of open borders becomes quite vexing. The idea that a repetition of Germany's history could happen is a very far stretch but the recollection of the past will certainly be liable. 4.2 A Global Britain Whilst discussing the identity politics of the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) it is imperative to understand that its core movement was in search of a homogenous Britain. A Heterogeneous and Hybrid society’s perceived and imagined downfalls raise an alarm that can only be tackled with the idea of homogenous Britain by nationalists. The US vs them debate has been launched to tackle everyone who does not fit in their so-called perceived British Identity. UKIP sold more than just nationalist tribalism, it sold dreams of economic prosperity, returning to a golden age of British culture and values. UKIP was very much aware of the importance of outsiders when forming a group consciousness. They simply promoted the deep brotherhood that exists by a common language, culture, and customs. The nation’s self-identity was re-imagined by nationalist parties. By turning all of the economic grievances of the electorate towards this dangerous other the party has bought back nationalism from fringes to the mainstream of life. The European Union was the dangerous other with migrants filling the role of the scapegoat. This sentiment moved way beyond the ballot box. Half a year after the vote took place, amidst bitter debates and political rants, the newly elected Prime Minister Theresa May, tried to negotiate a soft Brexit instead of a hard Brexit. Theresa May tried her best to express this sentiment as not a retreating away from everyone but rather the moment “the country tried to be a truly Global Britain” in her words. The former Prime Minister’s emphasis was that Britain’s history has been internationalist always not depending on Europe. And while that may be true in past Britain through imperialism, conquest, the economy has its culture exported throughout the world how is it going to be a global presence when it is filled with a national and populist sentiment that is driving the country towards isolationism. The divide present between the country on social political and economic forums has so clearly come to the surface. Some resentment already presents whereas some feelings are manipulated. In this divide, May and her successor Boris Johnson will struggle to put on the forefront of a United Britain. Post-Brexit the challenges are nowhere near finished. The beast of nationalism already has been let loose, it is a challenging road up ahead for Prime Minister Johnson to tame and contain it, balance the relationship with Europe. In a globalized world, Britain and its people will have to decide fast if they will be able to truly survive as just a lone island.

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4.3 French and the Right-Wing Movement The French had in the elections of the country saw Maria Le Pen and her right-wing party lose to President Macron with a 33.9% to 66.1% ratio. The party then gained 13.02% of the vote in the parliamentary elections. Maria Le Pen herself managed to be elected for the first time through her party has seemingly suffered from the demobilization of voters. The yellow vest movement which was demanding fairer tax laws in the country and had been the biggest challenge for Macron’s government has also attracted right-wing activists. Nearly a 40% vote bank is not to be taken lightly where Ms. Pen continues to make her voice be heard to take back France. The message of anti-globalization once again being heard and many people not fitting in and dangerous to French nationalism. 4.4 The Eastern European Problem The Eastern side of Europe countries like Poland and Hungary discussed above suffer from many of the same issues. With even their neighbors like Czech Slovakia emerging from the problem that the Western Side of the continent either did not face or the caused themselves. In the eyes of the Eastern countries like Poland who were forced to surrender first by the Germans then by the Soviets and are relatively a young nation, the struggle to find their own identity is much deeper. Hungary has been having the same trouble trying to come out of the shadow of the Hapsburg Dynasty. It is nationalism they revert to have some semblance of some recognition of their own. The reluctance to embrace Europe and European Union then is struggling against the same rule that once dictated them. The result of this following of blind nationalism is still as destructive for them as it would be for the Western countries. The need for Europe and to be a part of a combined Europe is necessary for them just as it is for Western Countries. The phenomenon of rising nationalism threatening a global phenomenon has only become a dangerous reality in the past few years. When Maria Le Pen of Front National renamed to Rassemblement National had nearly won 40% of the vote in the Presidential election, it was an alarming call. As her voice believes in taking back France and even pulling out from the European Union. The Brexit vote once again highlighted the issue was not on the sidelines of society, making a real and impactful change. Britain is now the first country to leave the European Union. At the moment the trends of nationalism are not such as in the early and mid-20th century, that it threatened all over the continent and the world. It is left then for the leaders and people to decide that it does not continue in that terrifying direction.

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5. Conclusion and Recommendation Europe struggling with her dark and bitter past seeks to have a better future, more ardently never repeating the same mistakes. The most crucial point to understand is that there must be a collective understanding and will amongst the head of states, the governments, the political parties, and the people to not let the past repeat itself. As it is a situation that cannot afford to happen again. Conscious understanding is very necessary. Nothing happens in a vacuum and Europe like all parts of the world would be responding to the same pressures. Across the pond a president who actively has spoken against globalization, called himself a nationalist to reporters, seeking to ban the Muslims and immigrants and wants to build a wall. Today’s world-a global one has ideas transferred rather easily. The technology presented today making it easy to find like-minded people, one incident sparking other copycat events. The ever-growing fear of terrorist organizations playing a much significant role in helping politicians play the politics of fear and divide. The features that are commonly being faced by most Europeans; an economic imbalance, demographic changes in the societies, the anxieties associated with terrorism all are playing part in their sentiment to revert to something similar something known something that they can own their identity their nation. To battle the storm ahead the state leaders must take the people into confidence. They assure that above Europeans, Americans, and Asians there is a common language of humanity. Language peace is more important than the language of hate and fear. (1) The people, most especially the younger generations must be taught and reminded of the true horrors of war and the price their ancestors paid by following the politics of hate and divide.

(2) The idea of us vs them debate must be stopped. No country can survive today’s global world as an isolationist.

(3) The economic opportunities created must be equal for all sects of society. As economic dissemblance leads to the question of migrants coming to steal the locals’ jobs is raised often. Local Entrepreneurship should be encouraged so more jobs can be created, more chances of employment for the increasing population.

(4) The wars fought on other countries’ land that have led to many of the immigrants coming to Europe in the first place, creating a refugee influx cannot be ignored.

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