Europe and Asia Beyond East and West This is a timely volume that explores Europe in its relation to Asia in a way that moves beyond simplistic notions of West and East. Rejecting the idea of a clash of civilizations, the contributions highlight the interlinked nature of Europe and Asia and attempt to identify cosmopolitan moments of openness. From both a historical and a contemporary perspective, it is shown that both Europe and Asia are not based on fixed cultural or geographical foundations. The East is also in the West. Rather than look at Europe and Asia in terms of separate worlds, they can be seen in terms of cultural struggles common to both. A general theme is that the idea of the West as an ideological, cultural and geopolitical construct is becoming increasingly questionable when applied to the current situation, which is one in which West and East are mutually linked. The articulation of a new European identity that includes a recognition of the non-European is now one of the major chances for Europe to define its identity in the world. Chapters are thematically organized under four headings: • A post-Western world • Asia in Europe: Encounters in History • Between Europe and Asia • Otherness in Europe and Asia This major new title will be of great value to students and researchers in the fields of Sociology, European Politics and History, and Cultural Theory. Gerard Delanty is Professor of Sociology, University of Liverpool. His recent books include (with Chris Rumford) Rethinking Europe: Social Theory and the Implications of Europeanization (Routledge, 2005); Community (Routledge, 2004). He has edited Handbook of Contempor- ary European Social Theory (Routledge, 2005) and (with Krishan Kumar) The Handbook of Nations and Nationalism (Sage, 2006). Routledge/European Sociological Association studies in European societies Series editors: Thomas P. Boje, Max Haller, Martin Kohli and Alison Woodward 1 European Societies Fusion or fission? Edited by Thomas P. Boje, Bart van Steebergen and Sylvia Walby 2 The Myth of Generational Conflict The family and state in ageing societies Edited by Sara Arber and Claudine Attias-Donfut 3 The End of the Welfare State? Responses to state retrenchment Edited by Peter Taylor-Gooby and Stefan Svallfors 4 Will Europe Work? Integration, employment and the social order Edited by Martin Kohli and Mojca Novak 5 Inclusions and Exclusions in European Societies Edited by Martin Kohli and Alison Woodward 6 Young Europeans, Work and Family Futures in transition Edited by Julia Brannen, Suzan Lewis, Ann Nilsen and Janet Smithsen 7 Autobiographies of Transformation Lives in central and eastern Europe Edited by Mike Keen and Janusz Mucha 8 Europe and Asia Beyond East and West Edited by Gerard Delanty Europe and Asia Beyond East and West Edited by Gerard Delanty !l Routledge ~~ Taylor&Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 2006 by Routledge Published 2017 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 2006 Selection and editorial matter, Gerard Delanty; individual chapters, the contributors Typeset in Sabon by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear The Open Access version of this book, available at www.tandfebooks.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution -Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN13: 978-0-415-37947-2 (hbk) Contents Notes on contributors viii Preface and acknowledgements xiv Introduction: the idea of a post-Western Europe 1 GERARD DELANTY PART I A post-Western world 9 1 Europe from a cosmopolitan perspective 11 ULRICH BECK AND GERARD DELANTY 2 Post-Western Europe and the plural Asias 24 GÖRAN THERBORN 3 Civilizational constellations and European modernity reconsidered 45 GERARD DELANTY 4 Oriental globalization: past and present 61 JAN NEDERVEEN PIETERSE PART II Asia in Europe: encounters in history 75 5 Contested divergence: rethinking the ‘rise of the West’ 77 JOHANN P. ARNASON vi Contents 6 Discovering the world: cosmopolitanism and globality in the ‘Eurasian’ renaissance 92 DAVID INGLIS AND ROLAND ROBERTSON 7 Revealing the cosmopolitan side of Oriental Europe: the eastern origins of European civilisation 107 JOHN M. HOBSON 8 Europe and the Mediterranean: a reassessment 120 THOMAS W. GALLANT 9 Europe and Islam 138 JACK GOODY 10 Citizenship East and West: reflections on revolutions and civil society 148 BRYAN S. TURNER 11 Middle Eastern modernities, Islam and cosmopolitanism 161 MASOUD KAMALI PART III Between Europe and Asia 179 12 Borders and rebordering 181 CHRIS RUMFORD 13 Europe after the EU enlargement: ‘cosmopolitanism by small steps’ 193 WILLIAM OUTHWAITE 14 Turkey between Europe and Asia 203 E. FUAT KEYMAN 15 Russia as Eurasia: an innate cosmopolitanism 215 RICHARD SAKWA 16 Out of Europe but not in Europe: Israel between ethnic nation-state and Jewish cosmopolitanism 228 NATAN SZNAIDER Contents vii PART IV Otherness in Europe and Asia 241 17 Europe’s otherness: cosmopolitanism and the construction of cultural unities 243 HEIDRUN FRIESE 18 Is there such a thing as Eurocentrism? 257 RÉMI BRAGUE 19 Rethinking Asia: multiplying modernity 269 ALASTAIR BONNETT 20 Critical intellectuals in a global age: Asian and European encounters 284 FRED DALLMAYR 21 Chinese thought and dialogical universalism 305 TONG SHIJUN Index 316 Notes on contributors Johann P. Arnason is Emeritus Professor of Sociology at La Trobe Univer- sity, Melbourne, and was until recently editor of the journal Thesis Eleven. He has published widely on social theory and historical soci- ology. Recent publications include: The Peripheral Centre: Essays on Japanese History and Civilization (TransPacific Books 2002); Civiliza- tions in Dispute: Historical Questions and Theoretical Traditions (Brill 2003); (co-edited with Bjorn Wittrock) Eurasian Transformations, Tenth to Thirteenth Centuries: Crystallizations, Divergences, Renais- sances (Brill 2004); and (co-edited with S. N. Eisenstadt and Bjorn Wit- trock) Axial Civilizations and World History (Brill 2005). Ulrich Beck is Professor for Sociology at the University of Munich, and the British Journal of Sociology Professor at the London School of Eco- nomics and Sciences. From 1995 to 1998 he was Distinguished Research Professor at the University of Cardiff. From 1995 to 1997 he was member of the Future Commission of the German Government. His interests focus on ‘risk society’, ‘individualization’ and ‘reflexive modernization’. His most recent research activities include a long-term empirical study of the sociological and political implications of ‘reflex- ive modernization’, which explores the complexities and uncertainties of the process of transformation from first to second modernity. Specifi- cally he is working on a sociological framework to analyse the ambiva- lences and dynamics of ‘cosmopolitan societies’. Some of his major publications include: The Cosmopolitan Vision (Polity 2006); Power in the Global Age (Blackwell 2005); (with E. Beck-Gernsheim) Individual- ization (Sage 2000); Brave New World of Work (Polity 2000); World Risk Society (Polity 1999); and What is Globalization? (Polity 1999). Alastair Bonnett is Professor of Social Geography at the University of Newcastle. He is the author of Radicalism, Anti-racism and Representa- tion (Routledge 1993); Anti-racism (Routledge 2000); White Identities: International and Historical Perspectives (Pearson 2000); How to Argue (Pearson 2001); and The Idea of the West: History, politics and culture (Palgrave 2004). Notes on contributors ix Rémi Brague is Professor of Philosophy at the Univerité Paris 1-Sorbonne and at the University of Munich. He has also taught at Boston Univer- sity. His books include The Wisdom of the World: The Human Experience of the Universe in Western Thought (Chicago University Press 2003) and Eccentric Culture: A Theory of Western Civilization (St. Augustine’s Press, Indiana 2002). Fred Dallmayr is Packey J. Dee Professor in the departments of Political Science and Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame (USA). He holds a doctorate from Munich University and a PhD from Duke Uni- versity (USA). Among his recent publications are: Beyond Orientalism (State University of New York Press 1996); Alternative Visions (Rowman & Littlefield 1998); Achieving our World: Toward a Global and Plural Democracy (Rowman & Littlefield 2001); Dialogue Among Civilizations (Palgrave/Macmillan 2002); Peace Talks: Who Will Listen? (University of Notre Dame Press 2004); and Small Wonder: Global Power and its Discontents (Rowman & Littlefield 2005). Gerard Delanty is Professor of Sociology, University of Liverpool, UK and has written on various issues in social theory and general sociology. He is editor of the European Journal of Social Theory. His publications include Inventing Europe (Macmillan 1995); Social Science (1997; new edition 2005); Social Theory in a Changing World (Polity Press 1998); Modernity and Postmodernity (Sage 2000); Citizenship in a Global Age (Open University Press 2000); Challenging Knowledge: The University in the Knowledge Society (Open University Press 2001); (with Patrick O’Mahony) Nationalism and Social Theory (Sage 2002); Community (Routledge 2003); (edited) Adorno: Modern Masters 4 vols (Sage