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Township Environmental Assessment 2017 Myanmar Environment Institute

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Township Environmental Assessment 2017 Myanmar Environment Institute KENGTUNG TOWNSHIP ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 2017 MYANMAR ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE This report has been prepared by Myanmar Environment Institute as part of BRACED Myanmar Consortium(2015-2017) Final Report Page ii Abbreviation and Acronyms BRACED Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Disasters CO2 Carbon Dioxide CRA Community Risk Assessment CSO Civil Society Organization CSR Corporate Social Responsibility ECD Environmental Conservation Department EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan Ha Hectare IEE Initial Environmental Examination Inh/km2 Inhabitant per Kilometer Square KBA Key Biodiversity Area Km Kilo Meter M Meter MEI Myanmar Environment Institute MIMU Myanmar Information and Management Unit MOECAF Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry MONREC Ministry of Natural Resource and Environmental Conservation NCEA National Commission for Environmental Affair NFTP Non Forest Timber Product NGO Non-Governmental Organization RIMES Regional Integrated Multi -Hazard Early Warning System SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment TDMP Township Disaster Management Plan TEA Township Environmental Assessment Final Report Page iii Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction and Background .................................................................................................. 8 1.1. Background ................................................................................................................... 8 1.2. Introduction of BRACED ............................................................................................ 9 1.3. TEA Goal and Objectives .......................................................................................... 11 1.4. SEA Methodology ...................................................................................................... 12 Data Collection Methodologies .......................................................................................... 13 1.5. Limitations .................................................................................................................. 13 1.6. Environmental Scoping ............................................................................................. 13 Chapter 2. Environmental Legislative Framework & Enabling Environment for Environmental Assessment ..................................................................................................... 15 2.1. General ........................................................................................................................ 15 2.2. National Environment Policy ................................................................................... 15 2.3. Myanmar Agenda 21 ................................................................................................. 15 2.4. National Sustainable Development Strategy ......................................................... 15 2.5. Environmental Legislation ....................................................................................... 15 2.6. Institutional Management and Arrangement for Environmental Policy and Strategies ................................................................................................................................ 18 Central Committee for National Environment Conservation and Climate Change (NECC) .................................................................................................................................. 18 National Coordination Framework ................................................................................... 18 Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation ............................... 19 Environmental Conservation Department (ECD) ........................................................... 19 Regions/States Environment and Climate Change Supervision Committee ............. 20 2.7. SEA Requirement in EIA Procedure ....................................................................... 20 2.8. Institutional Framework related to Resettlement and Land Acquisition .......... 21 2.9. Institutional Analysis on Environmental Governance ......................................... 23 Township Level Environmental Management ................................................................ 23 Chapter 3. Environmental Baseline, Key Environmental Issues and Vulnerabilities .... 24 Final Report Page iv 3.1. Environmental Baseline ............................................................................................ 24 Location ................................................................................................................................. 24 Relief and Drainage ............................................................................................................. 24 Climatology ........................................................................................................................... 25 Geology & Soil ...................................................................................................................... 28 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................ 28 Water Quality ....................................................................................................................... 28 Natural Resource .................................................................................................................. 28 Ecoregion , KBA and Protected Area ................................................................................ 29 Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................... 30 Wild Life ................................................................................................................................ 31 3.2. Social Setting ............................................................................................................... 32 Population ............................................................................................................................. 32 Ethnicity, Religion and Culture ......................................................................................... 33 Significant Features and Historic Heritage ...................................................................... 33 Health..................................................................................................................................... 34 Economic Activities ............................................................................................................. 34 Land Use ................................................................................................................................ 34 Source of Lighting ................................................................................................................ 35 Source of Cooking ................................................................................................................ 36 Source of Drinking Water ................................................................................................... 37 Source of Non Drinking Water .......................................................................................... 38 3.3. Environmental Issues and Analysis ........................................................................ 40 Environmental Impact by Enhancement of Tourism ..................................................... 40 Environmental Impact by Potential Mining Activities ................................................... 41 Environmental Impact by Waste Management ............................................................... 43 Environmental Impact by Extension of Shifting Cultivation and Other Activities ... 46 3.4. Key Vulnerabilities of Community and Ecosystem Service ................................. 51 Major environmental threats and vulnerability in Kengtung ....................................... 51 Chapter 4. Generic Environmental Management and Recommendation ........................ 54 Institutional Arrangement .................................................................................................... 54 Final Report Page v Strengthening of institutional capacity ............................................................................... 54 General Recommendation for Major Actors ........................................................................ 54 Reference .................................................................................................................................... 61 Appendix ................................................................................................................................... 63 List of Figure Figure 1 SEA Process ................................................................................................................ 12 Figure 2 Existing Environmental Framework ...................................................................... 18 Figure 3 location of Kengtung Township ............................................................................. 24 Figure 4 Monthly Average Rainfall ....................................................................................... 25 Figure 5 Rainfall Variability and Trend ...............................................................................
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