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Einführung in Die Griechische Götterlehre TEXTE ZUR FORSCHUNG L. ANNAEUS CORNUTUS Einführung in die griechische Götterlehre TEXTE ZUR FORSCHUNG Band 95 LUCIUS ANNAEUS CORNUTUS Einführung in die griechische Götterlehre Herausgegeben, eingeleitet und übersetzt von PETER BUSCH und JÜRGEN K. ZANGENBERG Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Das Werk ist in allen seinen Teilen urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlags unzulässig. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung in und Verarbeitung durch elektronische Systeme. © 2010 by WBG (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft), Darmstadt Die Herausgabe des Werkes wurde durch die Vereinsmitglieder der WBG ermöglicht. Einbandgestaltung: Neil McBeath, Stuttgart Gedruckt auf säurefreiem und alterungsbeständigem Papier Printed in Germany Besuchen Sie uns im Internet: www.wbg-wissenverbindet.de ISBN 978-3-534-21228-6 Inhalt Vorwort ........................................................................................................... 7 Literatur .......................................................................................................... 9 Lucius Annaeus Cornutus ............................................................................. 19 Leben ........................................................................................................ 19 Werke ........................................................................................................ 29 Zum Nachwirken der Werke des Cornutus ............................................... 33 Einleitung in die Epidrome ........................................................................... 35 Form und Zielsetzung der Epidrome......................................................... 35 Die Physik des Cornutus ........................................................................... 39 Die Gliederung der Welt ........................................................................... 41 Die Grundprinzipien der Weltentstehung ................................................. 43 Die mythologische Tradition bei Cornutus ................................................... 49 Die Autoritäten des Cornutus .................................................................... 50 Mythen und Mythendichter ....................................................................... 56 Text und Übersetzung ................................................................................... 66 1. Uranos ................................................................................................... 67 2. Zeus ...................................................................................................... 69 3. Hera ...................................................................................................... 69 4. Poseidon ................................................................................................ 71 5. Hades .................................................................................................... 71 6. Rhea ...................................................................................................... 73 7. Kronos................................................................................................... 75 8. Okeanos ................................................................................................ 77 9. Zeus ...................................................................................................... 77 10. Die Erinnyen ....................................................................................... 79 11. Zeus .................................................................................................... 81 12. Die Litai .............................................................................................. 81 13. Die Moiren .......................................................................................... 83 14. Die Musen ........................................................................................... 85 15. Die Chariten / Grazien ........................................................................ 89 16. Hermes ................................................................................................ 91 17. Die Mythen ......................................................................................... 97 6 Inhalt 18. Prometheus ....................................................................................... 103 19. Hephaistos ......................................................................................... 105 20. Athene ............................................................................................... 109 21. Ares und Enyo .................................................................................. 113 22. Poseidon ............................................................................................ 115 23. Nereus ............................................................................................... 119 24. Aphrodite .......................................................................................... 119 25. Eros ................................................................................................... 123 26. Atlas .................................................................................................. 123 27. Pan .................................................................................................... 125 28. Demeter und Hestia........................................................................... 129 29. Die Jahreszeiten ................................................................................ 135 30. Dionysos ........................................................................................... 135 31. Herakles ............................................................................................ 141 32. Apollon und Artemis......................................................................... 143 33. Asklepios .......................................................................................... 149 34. Artemis und der Mond ...................................................................... 151 35. Hades und pädagogischer Schluss .................................................... 155 Verzeichnis mythischer Gestalten ............................................................... 158 Index locorum ............................................................................................. 167 Vorwort Eigentlich ist erstaunlich, dass Cornutus nie ein vielgelesener Autor war. Lag es am spröden Stoff (griechische Mythologie in allegorischer Ausdeutung) oder am komplexen, mit schwebenden Nebensätzen und schwierigen Termini nur so gespickten Griechisch? Das „Kompendium der Überlieferungen zur griechi- schen Theologie“ (Epidrome), das unter dem Namen des Cornutus überliefert ist, ist jedenfalls in vielfacher Hinsicht einmalig und jeder Mühe wert. Lange Zeit war Cornutus allenfalls Experten bekannt. In vielen Darstellungen stoischer Philosophie kommt er überhaupt nicht vor, obwohl die allegorische Methode, die Cornutus bei der Interpretation mythologischer Stoffe anwendet, gerade für die stoische Erschließung der Wirklichkeit so charakteristisch ist. Seit der letzten Ausgabe des griechischen Textes durch Karl LANG im Jahre 1881 haben sich allein eine kleine Anzahl von Spezialisten diesem Werk gewidmet, allen voran Glen Most, dessen breit angelegter Lexikonartikel noch heute grundlegend ist. Die unpubliziert gebliebene Dissertation von Robert Stephen HAYS (1983, University of Texas in Austin), die Thèse von G. ROCCA- SERRA (1988, Université Paris IV) und die Magisterabeit von Florian SCHAFFENRATH (2000, Universität Innsbruck) bieten jeweils einen an LANG angelehnten Text mit Einleitung, Übersetzung und Kommentar. Ein von Glen MOST seit vielen Jahren angekündigter neuer, kritischer Text ist bisher nicht erschienen und bleibt ein dringendes Desiderat, sodass jeder, der sich heute mit der Epidrome befasst, noch immer auf den in vielen Punkten problematischen Text Karl LANGs angewiesen bleibt. Auch wir haben den LANG’schen Text übernommen, ihn dabei jedoch stets anhand anderer Bearbeitungen überprüft und weitaus weniger Passagen als spätere Interpolationen angesehen als LANG selbst. Erst in den letzten Jahren erwacht das Interesse an Cornutus und seiner Epidrome wieder. Die neue, ausführlich kommentierte Ausgabe von Ilaria RAMELLI (2003, auch sie lehnt sich an LANGs Text an), sowie RAMELLIs Sammlungen und Studien zur antiken Allegorese, haben – wie auch die Studien von George BOYS–STONES und anderer Forscher – den Weg für eine erneute Beschäftigung mit diesem wichtigen Werk bereitet. Praktisch zeitgleich mit unserer Leseausgabe, aber unabhängig davon, ist eine weitere, viel breiter ein- geleitete und kommentierte deutsch–griechische Ausgabe der Reihe SAPERE im Druck sowie eine englische Übersetzung durch David ARMSTRONG und L. Michael WHITE in der Society of Biblical Literature-Serie „Writings from the Greco-Roman World“ in Vorbereitung (Erscheinungsdatum noch unbekannt). Unser kurzer Band ist das Ergebnis einer Anregung unseres Lehrers Klaus BERGER im Heidelberger Oberseminar, die seine beiden jungen, gelehrigen Schüler gern aufgenommen haben: „Mit dem Cornutus müsste sich einmal 8 Vorwort jemand beschäftigen!“. Unser beider Weg hat dann aber andere Richtungen eingeschlagen, und zu einer Dissertation
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