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Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity

Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity

Index

A of population, 152–54, 241 Abangan Muslim, 273 of Betawi population, 165–67 Abung Siwo Megou, 44 of Buginese population, 175–77 Acehnese, 86–87, 97, 130 of Chinese population, 212–14 ethnic composition by sex, 98 of Dayak population, 200–203 of, 295–96 of foreigners, 74–76 Acehnese population, 251 of Javanese population, 133–34 geographical distribution, 198–200 of Madurese population, 158–60 number, distribution and of Malay population, 146–47 concentration of, 198–200 of population, older persons in, 197 170–72 political and security situation in, of population by ethnic group, 82 224–25 of resident foreigners, 74–76 population pyramid of, 193, 196 of Sasak population, 206–8 prime-working-age population of, of Sundanese population, 140–42 197 of underestimated ethnic groups, sex ratios of, 197, 200 224 total fertility rate (TFR) of, 193 Alfuru, 29, 54 youths in, 193, 196–97, 200 aliran, 14 - population survey Alor, 48–49 (SPAN), 58 Ammatowa, 52 Aceh , 31–32, 58–60, 272 Angkola Mandailing in census, 222 ageing population, 9, 133 anti-Chinese riots, 226 age-sex structure anti- sentiment in Aceh, 224 of Acehnese population, 193, Appleyard, R.T., 8 196–97 Arabs, 91, 95, 129 of Balinese population, 191–93 Arfak, 13, 30, 56, 114–15 of Banjarese population, 183, Asmat, 55–56 186–87 atheism, 255 of Bantenese population, 180–82 Atinggola, 91, 118

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Atoni, 48–49, 62 Chinese population in, 217 Atoni Meto, 49 ethnic composition by sex, 100 Atoni Pah Meto, 49 Banjarese, 50–51, 77, 87–88, 95, 96 Awyu, 56 language of, 285, 288, 294–95 Ayamaru, 56 Banjarese population, 248 Ayfat, 13, 30, 56 geographical distribution, 187–90 in , 190 B number, distribution and Badui, 87, 104 concentration of, 188–90 Badui Dalam, 47 older persons in, 183 Badui Luar, 47 population pyramid of, 183, 186 Bahasa , 211, 274–77, 279–84 prime-working-age population of, Bajo, 97 183 Balantak, 52 sex ratios of, 187 , 45–48, 74, 93, 95 total fertility rate (TFR) of, 183 Balinese population in, 191 young population, 183, 186–87 Chinese in, 94 , 70, 77, 87, 104 demographic transition, 2 ethnic composition by sex, 105 ethnic composition by sex, 94 Bantenese, 77, 86–87, 97, 99, 104, 106, ethnic groups, 314 130 in, 260, 267 language of, 293–94 Baliaga, 33, 47, 88, 94 Bantenese population, 228, 236–38 Bali Hindu, 47 geographical distribution, 182–85 Bali , 47 in Jakarta, 183 Balinese, 87–88, 91–93, 97 in , 183 language of, 295 number, distribution and Balinese population, 224, 245–47 concentration of, 183–85 geographical distribution, 191, population pyramid of, 180–81 193–95 prime-working-age population of, number, distribution and 180, 182 concentration of, 191, 194–95 sex ratios of, 182 older persons in, 191 total fertility rate (TFR) of, 180 population pyramid of, 191–92 in West , 182–83 prime-working-age population of, youths in, 180–82, 238 191 Barangas, 34 sex ratios of, 191, 193 Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, 217 total fertility rate (TFR) of, 191, 245, Batak, 77, 83, 85, 88, 92, 103, 107, 247 115–16 transitional population, 190–93 language of, 288–89 Bangka, 100 in North , 103 Bangka-Belitung, 43, 129, 260, 267 Batak population, 222–23, 241–43

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geographical distribution, 155–57 Buginese population, 228, 245 number, distribution and geographical distribution, 177–80 concentration of, 155–57 in Kalimantan, 180 older persons in, 152 older persons in, 175, 177 population pyramid of, 152–53 population pyramid of, 175–76 prime-working-age population of, prime-working-age population of, 152 175 sex ratios of, 154 sex ratios of, 175, 177 in Sumatra, 155 sub-ethnic groups of, 177, 180 total fertility rate (TFR) of, 152, 241 in , 180 youths in, 149, 152–55, 241 youths in, 175–77 Batak Tapanuli. See Batak Bugis, 52 , 124 Buton, 106, 116 Bayan Sasak, 273 Butonese, 111, 116, 129 Belitung, 100 , ethnic composition by sex, C 109 Catholics in , 260 Berangas, 34 , 70, 89, 91, 95 Betawi, 77, 85, 96–97, 130 ethnic composition by sex, 90 language of, 275, 290–91 migrant ethnic groups in, 89 Betawi population, 228, 243–45 to North , 116–17 geographical distribution, 166–69 , 100, 225, 236 in Jakarta, 166 ethnic composition by sex, 101 number, distribution and Muslim majority in, 265, 267 concentration of, 166–69 , 112 older persons in, 166 ethnic composition by sex, 113 population pyramid of, 165–66 , 95 prime-working-age population of, Chinese, 87, 90–91, 95, 97, 103, 107 166 in Bali, 94 sex ratios of, 166 culture of, 226, 238 total fertility rate (TFR) of, 166 language of, 299–301 young population, 164–67 religion of, 226 Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, 18 Chinese identity, pillars of, 226 Bireuen, of, 225 Chinese , 4 island, Dayak population in, Chinese New Year, 226, 238 200 Chinese population, 223, 238–39 Boyanese ethnic group, 124 age-sex structure of, 212–14 Buginese, 77, 85, 96–97, 101, 103, 107, in Bangka-Belitung, 217 111–12, 128 ethnic identity, 211 fertility rate in, 245 foreign origins, 211–12 language of, 292–93 geographical distribution, 214–17

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in Jakarta, 214 Dayak identity, 17 in Kalimantan, 217 Dayak population, 12, 247 number, distribution and geographical distribution, 202–5 concentration of, 212, 215–16 in Kalimantan, 202–3, 225–26 older persons in, 212 number, distribution and political change, 226–27 concentration of, 203–5 population pyramid of, 212–13 older persons in, 202 prime-working-age population of, population pyramid of, 200–201 212 prime-working-age population of, sex ratios of, 212 202 total fertility rate (TFR) of, 212, sex ratios of, 202 238–39 total fertility rate (TFR) of, 200, 202 Christian majority ethnic group, 268 youths in, 200–203 Christians, 258, 260, 267–68, 272 decentralization of Indonesia, 10 in Maluku province, 265 Democratic Republic of -Leste, Cina, 57 114 Cina PRC, 57 demographers, 18–19 Cirebonese, 47, 96, 123 demographic studies, 19 language of, 280, 284 demographic transition, 1–2, 7–9, 15 citizens, Indonesia, 223, 238 demographic trends in Indonesia, 133 coded raw data, problems with, DOM. See Daerah Operasi Militer 28–30 (DOM) coded raw data set, 26–28 Dutch colonial era, 166 coding scheme of New Classification, 5 E Coleman, David, 8 , 70, 74, 77, 124 , 226, 238, 255–58, 260, ethnic composition by sex, 95 273 Madurese population in, 161, 164 cultural assimilation, 2 , 107 ethnic composition by sex, 109 D East Nusa Tenggara, 48, 60–64, Daerah Operasi Militer (DOM), 224 124–25, 130 Dagada, 33 Catholics in, 260 data collection, on ethnicity, 13–14 ethnic composition by sex, 114 data set ethnic groups in, 12 coded raw, 26–28 Empran, 50 population census (2010), 23–26 ethnic-based traditional occupations, Davis, Kingsley, 7 18 Dayak, 85–86, 95–96, 100, 103, 107, ethnic classification in 2000, 220–23 123, 129 ethnic composition by sex language of, 296–98 Acehnese, 98

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Bali, 94 Batak, 149, 152–57 Bangka-Belitung, 100 Betawi, 164–69 Banten, 105 Buginese, 175–80 Bengkulu, 109 Chinese, 211–17 Central Java, 90 classification of Central Kalimantan, 101 coded raw data, problems with, Central Sulawesi, 113 28–30 East Java, 95 ethnic and sub-ethnic groups, East Kalimantan, 109 aggregating ethnic categories East Nusa Tenggara, 114 into, 35–37 , 92 Initial Classification, problems Jakarta, 106 with, 30–33 , 104–5 main issues in, 33–35 Lampung, 99 composition of, 78–80 , 118 Dayak, 12, 200–205 , 102 delineation of, 3 , 104 demography of, 3 , 112 in East Nusa Tenggara, 12 , 108 ethnic diversity in, 69 Riau Archipelago, 110 foreign origins, 355–56 , 113 vs. group of language speakers, , 96 rankings of, 279 , 103 homogeneity vs. heterogeneity. See , 111 homogeneity vs. heterogeneity , 97 ethnic groups , 108 Java and Bali, 227, 314 , 98 Javanese, 133–40 , 115 Kaili, 13 , 102 Kalimantan, 317–31 , 93 life-cycle approach, 132–33 Yogyakarta, 90 Madurese, 155, 158–64 ethnic diversity of Indonesia, 68. Malay, 146–51 See also ethnic groups Maluku, 32, 338–41 ethnic groups, 16–17, 119–23 measurement of Acehnese, 193, 196–200 consistent and reproducible Arfak, 13 features, 18–19 Ayfat, 13 questionnaires, 20–23 Bali, 314 self-identification method, 19–20 Balinese, 190–95 Minangkabau, 167, 170–75 Banjarese, 183, 186–90 New and Initial Classifications, Bantenese, 180–85 comparison between, 84–88

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number and percentage of in Chinese, 238–39 foreigners by age and sex, 76 declined of, 9 Nusa Tenggara, 314–17 in Javanese, 229 Papua, 342–55 in Madurese, 236 ranking of, 77–84 in Malay, 231, 234 relative importance of, 80 replacement level of, 1–2 Sasak, 206–11 in Sasak, 251 size and distribution of, 69–70 in Sundanese, 241 Sulawesi, 331–38 first demographic transition, 1–2, 8 Sumatra, 309–13 Flores, 123, 130 Sundanese, 140–46 foreigners, 69, 110 Toraja, 13 age-sex structure of, 74–76 in 2000, 219–23, 228 demography of, 72–73 ubiquity of, 124–30 geographical distribution of, 73–74 “Ethnic groups from Maluku”, 32, number of, 73 338–41 foreign origins, ethnic groups, 355–56 ethnic identity, 17 , 58, 224 ethnicity, 20 anthropological and sociological G studies on, 14–15 Galela, 116 calculation and description of, 3 Galumpang, 66–67 coding of, 13 GAM. See Gerakan Aceh Merdeka concept of, 16–18 (GAM) data collection on, 13–14 Gayo, 45, 60 defining, 18–19 Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM), 58, government’s attitude to, 11 224 information and question on, Gorontalo, 91, 101–2 20–21, 26 ethnic composition by sex, 92 politics and statistics on, 10–13 Gus Dur, 256 ethnic markers, religion and language, 5 H ethno-demographic studies, 3, 14–15, Helsinki Peace Agreement (2005), 58 19 heterogeneous , 106–16 of West Papua, 114 F Hindu Balinese majority, 47–48 family planning programme, 70 Hindu Chinese, 273 fertility rate, 7, 219–20. See also total fertility rate (TFR) Balinese form of, 93 in Balinese, 245, 247 landmark of, 267 in Batak, 241 homogeneity vs. heterogeneity ethnic in Buginese, 245 groups, 84–88

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Central Java to North Maluku, J 116–17 Jakarta, 73, 77 expanded list of ethnic groups, Bantenese population in, 183 88–89 Betawi population in, 166 heterogeneous provinces, 106–16 Chinese population in, 214 homogeneous provinces, 89–94 demographic transition, 2 less-heterogeneous provinces, ethnic composition by sex, 106 99–105 Javanese population in, 140 less-homogeneous provinces, 94–99 Sundanese population in, 143 homogeneous provinces, 89–94 Jambi, 128 Humba, 49 ethnic composition by sex, 104–5 Java, 45–48 I Central Java. See Central Java identity group, 17 East Java. See East Java “Iha/Kapaur” ethnic group, 34 ethnic groups, 314 Imlek in Indonesia, 238 Madurese population in, 161 Indonesia asli, 238 West Java. See West Java Indonesia Demographic and Health Javanese Survey (SDKI), 5 ethnic group of, 77, 83, 85, 89, Indonesian census, 22 91, 93, 95–96, 98–100, 103–4, Indonesian citizens, 223, 238 106, 107, 110–11, 116, 118, 125, Indonesian citizenship, 72 130 Indonesian Electoral Behaviour: fertility rate in, 229 A Statistical Perspective (Ananta, language of, 284–86 Arifin and Suryadinata), 3 youths in, 135 Indonesian ethnicity, 18, 22 Javanese population, 227–31 Indonesia’s Population: Ethnicity and age-sex structure of, 133–34 Religion in a Changing Political concentration of, 137–40 Landscape (Suryadinata, Arifin gender composition of, 136–37 and Ananta), 3, 220 geographical distribution, 137–40 Initial Classification of ethnic groups, in Jakarta, 140 12–13, 27–28, 37, 78 older persons in, 135 vs. New Classification of ethnic population pyramid of, 133–34 groups, 84–88 prime-working-age population of, problems with, 30–33 135 Intercensal Population Survey sex ratios of, 136–37 (SUPAS), 4–5, 58, 239 in Sumatra, 137, 140 internal population mobility, 8 total fertility rate (TFR) of, 135 international population mobility, 8 transitional population, 133–37 island of Java, ethnic groups from, Java-origin ethnic groups, 227 227 Jews, 255

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K , 290–91 Kaharingan, 256, 267, 272 , 292–93 Kaili, 13, 52, 112 Dayak language, 296–98 Kalimantan, 49–51, 64 , 284–86 Banjarese population in, 190 , 289–90 Buginese population in, 180 , 286–88 Chinese population in, 217 , 291–92 Dayak population in, 202–3 own language and Bahasa ethnic groups, 317–31 Indonesia, 281–84 Madurese population in, 164 , 298–99 Kasimbar, 54 , 286 Kayagar, 56 language spoken daily at home, Kemak, 32 277–81, 285, 287 Keme, 45 Bahasa Indonesia, 275 Kerinci, 104–6 by Batak, 289 Kodipiang, 53 by Dayak, 298 , 49, 51 by ethnic group, 283 La Revolution Demographique (Landry), L 7 Laki-laki, 54 Law No. 12/2006, Indonesia, 223 Lamahot, 49 Lebong, 45 Lambri, 32 Ledo, 53 Lampung, 98, 129 , 48 Bantenese population in, 183 Lha, 34 ethnic composition by sex, 99 life-cycle approach, 132–33 in New Classification, 43–45 life expectancy, 9 Lamuri, 32 Loloan, 47–48 Landry, Adolphe, 7 Loun, 34 language classification of, 357–68 M ethnic markers, 5 , Madurese population language speakers, 274 in, 161 Bahasa Indonesia, 274–77, 279–80 Madurese, 77, 85, 95, 107, 123 language spoken daily at home, Madurese population, 228, 234–36 277–81 in East Java, 161, 164 language spoken by ethnic group geographical distribution, 161–64 , 295–96 in Java, 161 , 295 in Madura island, 161 , 294–95 number, distribution and Bantenese language, 293–94 concentration of, 161–64 Batak language, 288–89 out-migration of, 161

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population pyramid of, 158, 159 Melayu Deli, 42–43 prime-working-age population of, Melayu Lahat, 36, 43 158 Melayu Langkat, 42–43 sex ratios of, 158, 160–61 Melayu Semendo, 43 total fertility rate (TFR) of, 158, 236 Mentawai, 45, 92 transitional population, 155, 158–61 merantau tradition, 92, 129, 152, 155, Makassarese, 103, 123, 129 171, 175, 187 language of, 280 migrant ethnic groups, 69, 90–93, Makian ethnic group, 54 96–97, 99–104, 107–8, 110–11 Malay, 36, 83, 85–86, 104–8, 110, Buginese, 112 128–29 in Central Java, 89 community, 124 Javanese, 114, 125 fertility rate in, 231, 234 Ternate, 116 home provinces, 77 migration, 219–20 language of, 286–88 of Madurese population, 161 sub-ethnic groups of, 42 male-dominated pattern of, 206 in 2000, 222, 231–34 Minangkabau, 77, 85, 92, 106–7, 110, Malay population, 231–34 129 geographical distribution, 149–51 language of, 291–92 number, distribution and Minangkabau population, 228, concentration of, 149–51 247–48 population pyramid of, 146–47 geographical distribution, 171–75 sex ratios of, 148 number, distribution and total fertility rate (TFR) of, 146 concentration of, 171–74 youths in, 146–48 older persons in, 171 Maluku island, 54–55, 265 population pyramid of, 170–71 ethnic composition by sex, 117 sex ratios of, 171–72 ethnic groups, 338–41 in Sumatra, 171–72, 175 province of, 116 youths in, 167, 170–72 Mamasa, 65–66 Mongondow, 53, 91, 101 Mamuju, 64–67 mortality rate, 7, 220, 234, 236, 247 manca negara, 46 decline of, 9 Mandar, 65–66 in Sasak population, 206 Manyuke, 33 multi-ethnicity, 10, 12 map of Indonesia’s population (2010), Musi, 222 25 Musi Banyuasin, 43 Marobo, 32 Musi Sekayu, 222 mega-demographic trends, 9–10, 133 Muslim Balinese, 272 Megou Pak Tulang Bawang, 44 Muslim Betawi, 268 Mekongga, 54 Muslim Chinese, 273 Melayu Banyu Asin, 42–43 Muslim community, 124

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Muslim majority in Central Norwegian Refugee Council (2010), Kalimantan, 265, 267 236 Muslim-majority provinces, 258–60 Notestein, Frank W., 7 Muslim Minangkabau, 272 Nusa Tenggara, 48–49 Muslim Sasak, 272–73 ethnic groups, 314–17 Muslim Sundanese, 268 O N official religions, 255–57, 268, 272–73 Naga, 85 older persons, 132–33 nagara, 46 in Acehnese population, 197 Nagarigung, 32, 46 in Batak population, 152 nationality, 20–21 in Balinese population, 191 National Social and Economic Survey in Bantenese population, 182 (SUSENAS), 5 in Banjarese population, 183 “Naulu, Nuahunai or Nuaulu” ethnic in Batak population, 152 group, 34 in Betawi population, 166 New Classification of ethnic groups, in Buginese population, 175, 177 5–6, 13, 31, 33–37, 39–40, 42–45, 68 in Chinese population, 212 Asmat, 55 in Dayak population, 202 Atoni, 48–49 in Javanese population, 135 Batak, 60 in Malay population, 148 coding scheme of, 5 in Minangkabau population, 171 and Initial Classifications of ethnic in Sasak population, 206 groups, comparison between, in Sundanese population, 143 84–88 One Land, One Nation, One Kalimantan, 51 Language, 274 Lampung in, 43–45 Orang Bangka, 43 significance of, 40–41 Orang Kajang, 52 in Sumatra, 42–45 Orang Numbar, 55 regime, 224, 226 Osing, 164 Ngada, 49 Nias, 104, 123 P language of, 280 Pada group, 28–29 North Maluku , 43, 106–7, 129 Central Java to, 116–17 Pamona, 29, 53 ethnic composition by sex, 118 Pancasila, 254–55 North Sulawesi, 91, 101 Papua, 55–57, 94, 110–11, 128 ethnic composition by sex, 102 ethnic composition by sex, 112 North Sumatra, 77, 92 ethnic groups, 342–55 Batak in, 103 Pasir, 51 ethnic composition by sex, 104 Pattae, 66

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Pekal, 110 political and security situation in, Peminggir Semangka, 44 224–25 Peminggir Skala Brak, 44 Sasak. See Sasak population People’s Republic of (PRC), 211 skewed distribution, 227–28 perantau, 92, 128, 180 Sundanese. See Sundanese Pidie, regency of, 225 population Polewali Mamasa, 64–65 underestimation in, 223–27 Polewali Mandar, 64–66 population census (2010), 4–6, 11–12, population 14, 23–26 ageing, 9, 133 Aceh province, 58 classification of, 132 Batak categories, 152 in each province according to code book of, 277 religion, 261–62 Confucianism, 258 by religious followers, 257 data set, 23–26 South Sulawesi, 103 Kaharingan, 272 population census (1961), 15n5 Population Census (2020), 5 population census (1991), 11 population mobility, 2, 4 population census (2000), 3–4, 6, 11, changing pattern of, 10 12 patterns of internal and Acehnese. See Acehnese population international, 8 Balinese. See Balinese population population momentum, 9 Banjarese. See Banjarese population population pyramid, 132 Bantenese. See Bantenese of Acehnese population, 193, 196 population of Balinese population, 191–92 Batak. See Batak population of Banjarese population, 183, 186 Betawi. See Betawi population of Bantenese population, 180–81 Buginese. See Buginese population of Batak population, 152–53 Chinese. See Chinese population of Betawi population, 165–66 colonial era in, 219 of Buginese population, 175–76 Dayak. See Dayak population of Chinese population, 212–13 eleven ethnic groups in 2000–2010, of Dayak population, 200–201 228 of Javanese population, 133–34 enumerators in, 225 of Madurese population, 158–59 ethnic groups in, 223–24 of Malay population, 146–47 fertility rate, 219–20 of Minangkabau population, Javanese. See Javanese population 170–71 Madurese. See Madurese of Sasak population, 206–7 population of Sundanese population, 140–41 Malay. See Malay population Prambanan temple, 267 Minangkabau. See Minangkabau PRC. See People’s Republic of China population (PRC)

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Presidential Decree No. 12/2014, 57 limited freedom of religion, 254–56 Presidential Decree No. 1/PNPS by province, 258–67 1965, 255 Remucles, 34 prime-working-age population, reproductive-age population, 9 132–33 Republic of China (Taiwan), 57 of Acehnese, 197 resident foreigners of Balinese, 191 age-sex structure of, 74–76 of Banjarese, 183 geographical distribution of, 73–74 of Bantenese, 180, 182 number of, 73 of Batak, 152 Riau, 77, 106–7 of Betawi, 166 ethnic composition by sex, 108 of Buginese, 175 Riau Archipelago, 74, 77, 109 of Chinese, 212 ethnic composition by sex, 110 of Dayak, 202 of Javanese, 135 S of Madurese, 158 Saibatin, 44–45 of Sasak, 206 Sangir, 101 of Sundanese, 143 Sasak, 80, 84–85, 87, 97, 123, 128–29 Protestants, 258, 260 fertility rate in, 251 in Chinese, 273 language of, 280, 298–99 in Javanese, 268 Sasak population, 206–8, 224, 248–51 in West Papua, 260 geographical distribution, 208–11 Pubian Telu Suku, 44 infants, mortality rate in, 206 Pujakekal (Putra Jawa Kelahiran number, distribution and Kalimantan), 285 concentration of, 208–10 PUJAKESUMA (Putra Jawa Kelahiran population pyramid of, 206–7 Sumatra), 286 prime-working-age population of, Pulau Dewata, 93 206 Pulau Putri island, 46 sex ratios of, 206 total fertility rate (TFR) of, 206 R youths in, 206–8 Rambang, 107 Sawu island, 49 ranah budaya, 46 SDKI. See Indonesia Demographic regional autonomy law, 87 and Health Survey (SDKI) religion second demographic transition, 2, 8 Chinese, 226 self-identification method, 19–20 ethnic markers, 5 Sembilan Marga, 44 official, 255–57, 268, 272–73 Seram ethnic group, 54 “others”, 14 sex ratios statistics on, 3 of Acehnese population, 197, 200 religious followers of Balinese population, 191, 193 composition of, 256–58, 267–73 of Banjarese population, 187

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of Bantenese population, 182 Javanese population in, 137, 140 of Batak population, 154 Minangkabau population in, of Betawi population, 166 171–72, 175 of Buginese population, 175, 177 New Classification in, 42–45 of Chinese population, 212 Sumba island, 49 of Dayak population, 202 Sumpah Pemuda (Youth Oath), 274 of Javanese population, 136–37 “Sunda”, 222 of Madurese population, 158, Sundanese, 83, 85, 89, 99, 101, 107, 160–61 110, 125 of Malay population, 148 fertility rate in, 241 of Minangkabau population, language of, 286 171–72 Sundanese population, 227, 239–41 of Sasak population, 206 age-sex structure of, 140–42 of Sundanese population, 143 geographical distribution, 143–46 Sikhism, 265 in Jakarta, 143 Simeulue group, 45 number, distribution and Siwo Megou, 44 concentration of, 143–46 Skeldon, Ronald, 8 older persons in, 143 Soeharto New Order era, 17 population pyramid of, 140–41 Southeast Sulawesi, 111–12, 116 prime-working-age population of, ethnic composition by sex, 113 143 South Kalimantan, 95, 226 sex ratios of, 143 ethnic composition by sex, 96 total fertility rate (TFR) of, 142 South Sulawesi, 97, 101, 111 in West Java, 143 ethnic composition by sex, 103 youths in, 140–43 ethnic group, 123 –Madura bridge, 161 population, 103 Suramadu, 161 South Sumatra, 129 Suwawa, 91 ethnic composition by sex, 111 heterogeneous, 107 T Special Economic Zone, 74 Taba Saling, 109 Special Region of Yogyakarta, 91 Tabayama, 54 Stahl, C.W., 8 Tanimbar island, 55 Stammenras, 50 Tanutor, 52 Strait of Madura, 161 Tau Humba, 49 Sukarnoputri, Megawati, 238 Tauraf, 34 Sulawesi, 28, 48, 51–54 Taurap, 34 Buginese population in, 180 Tay Kak Sie temple, 91 ethnic groups, 331–38 TFR. See total fertility rate (TFR) Sumatra third demographic transition, 2, 7–9, Batak population in, 155 15 ethnic groups in, 227–28, 309–13 Tidayu, 265

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Topada group, 28–29 Bantenese population in, 182–83 Toraja, 13 ethnic composition by sex, 97 Toraja Poso-Tojo, 53 Sundanese population in, 143 total fertility rate (TFR). See also West Kalimantan, 265 fertility rate Dayak in, 107 of Acehnese population, 193 ethnic composition by sex, 108 of Balinese population, 191 West Nusa Tenggara, 48, 97, 128, 267 of Banjarese population, 183 ethnic composition by sex, 98 of Bantenese population, 180 West Papua, 70, 89, 94, 116, 125 of Batak population, 152 ethnic composition by sex, 115 of Betawi population, 166 heterogeneous province of, 114 of Chinese population, 212 Protestant in, 260 of Dayak population, 200, 202 West Sulawesi, 64–67, 101, 103 of Javanese population, 135 ethnic composition by sex, 102 of Madurese population, 158 West Sumatra, 77, 92, 129 of Malay population, 146 ethnic composition by sex, 93 of Sasak population, 206 Wolio, 111, 116 of Sundanese population, 142 Wong Palembang, 43 traditional beliefs, 255 working-age population, 132–33 transmigration programme, 70, 99, 137 Y tribal group, 17 Yapen, 130 Trunyan, 33 Yogyakarta, 89, 91, 95 tsunami, 26 December 2004, 224 demographic transition, 2 ethnic composition by sex, 90 U Youth Oath, 274 Uginese population. See Buginese youths, 132 population in Acehnese population, 193, Unisirau, 56 196–97, 200 “Unity in Diversity”, 1, 18 in Banjarese population, 248 Urang Banjar, 50, 51 in Bantenese population, 180–82 Urang Belitong, 43 in Batak population, 149, 152–55 in Betawi population, 164 V in Buginese population, 175–77 Van de Kaa, 8 in Chinese population, 212 Veranda of Mecca, 272 in Dayak population, 200–203 in Javanese youths, 135 W in Malay population, 146–48 Wahid, Abdurrahman, 11, 238 in Madurese population, 158 Wawonii, 35 in Minangkabau population, 167, West Java, 70, 74, 77, 87, 96, 106 170–72

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in Sasak population, 206–8 in Sundanese population, 140–43 Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang, 238, 256

Z Zelinsky, Wilbur, 8

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