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Archives De L'agence D'architecture Des Archives Nationales (1812- 1950)

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Archives De L'agence D'architecture Des Archives Nationales (1812- 1950) Archives de l'Agence d'architecture des Archives nationales (1812- 1950) Répertoire numérique détaillé (AJ/54/1-AJ/54/56) Par Br. Labat-Poussin Archives nationales (France) Pierrefitte-sur-Seine 1978 1 https://www.siv.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/IR/FRAN_IR_005296 Cet instrument de recherche a été encodé par l'entreprise diadeis dans le cadre du chantier de dématérialisation des instruments de recherche des Archives Nationales sur la base d'une DTD conforme à la DTD EAD (encoded archival description) et créée par le service de dématérialisation des instruments de recherche des Archives Nationales 2 Archives nationales (France) INTRODUCTION Référence AJ/54/1-AJ/54/56 Niveau de description fonds Intitulé Archives de l'Agence d'architecture des Archives nationales Intitulé AJ 54 Intitulé ARCHIVES DE L'AGENCE D'ARCHITECTURE DES ARCHIVES NATIONALES Intitulé Inventaire par Brigitte Labat-Poussin Date(s) extrême(s) 1812-1950 Nom du producteur • Agence d'architecture des Archives nationales (France) Localisation physique Pierrefitte DESCRIPTION Présentation du contenu Introduction Les papiers de l'Agence d'architecture des Archives nationales Sur l'historique des agences de travaux, voir l'introduction de P.-D. PARISET à l' Inventaire des archives du Service des Bâtiments civils et Palais nationaux et du Conseil général des Bâtiments de France, 1979, p. V. ont été versés par l'Agence des Monuments historiques installée à l'hôtel Sully. C'est un complément substantiel aux documents provenant du Service des Bâtiments civils et Palais nationaux, déjà cotés dans la sous-série F 21. Il s'agit cette fois des archives des différents architectes qui se sont succédés depuis le début des grands travaux des Archives nationales en 1838 (création des dépôts dits de Louis-Philippe) jusqu'au départ, en 1947, de Tournon qui avait succédé à Robert Danis auquel on doit l'essentiel de la restauration de l'hôtel de Rohan Quelques documents sont postérieurs au départ de Tournon remplacé par M. Musetti. On trouvera en annexe la liste chronologique des architectes. L'actuel architecte, M. Aureau, architecte en chef des Bâtiments civils et Palais nationaux, est installé à la Cour des comptes, 13 rue Cambon. A l'origine, l'Agence avait son bureau au Palais Soubise, dans l'ancienne bibliothèque du Prince qui sert actuellement de bureau au Conservateur du Musée. On y voit, au fil des ans, les Archives nationales, toujours à l'étroit, s'agrandir d'abord sur leur propre terrain (construction des dépôts Louis-Philippe et Napoléon III et de l'aile longeant la rue des Archives, aménagement d'immeubles sur la rue des Francs-Bourgeois), puis, après le départ de l'Imprimerie nationale en 1925, sur le terrain de l'hôtel de Rohan Pour l'histoire des différents hôtels composant les Archives nationales, comme pour l'histoire des Archives nationales dans le quadrilatère du "chantier du Temple", voir J.-P. BAHELON, Histoire et description des 3 Archives nationales (France) bâtiments des Archives nationales, t. I du Musée de l'histoire de France, Paris, 1969. F. Rabelon y ayant fait le point sur la bibliographie du sujet, il a paru superflu de la re onner ici. Citons cependant l'un des ouvrages les plus importants, CH.-V. LANGLOIS, Les hôtels de Clisson, de cuise et de Rohan-Soubise au Marais, Paris, 1922. A travers la correspondance, les attachements et mémoires de travaux, on suit à la fois les compagnes successives de grands travaux, les aménagements intérieurs, la restauration et la protection des appartements de Soubise et de Rohan, après avoir assisté, non sans étonnement, à la pose de rayonnages dans ces mêmes appartements pour y entreposer des archives. L'octroi de l'hôtel de Rohan aux Archives nationales met fin à des années de lutte entre la direction des Archives et d'autres administrations pour l'acquisition de ces locaux Les péripéties de cette annexion ont été longuement décrites par Henri COURTAULT dans Les Archives nationales de 1902 à 1936, Paris, 1933. L'action de l'architecte Danis se concentre alors sur la restauration de cet hôtel et son aménagement : démolition des ateliers de l'Imprimerie nationale, remise en état des appartements de réception, installation des bureaux, équipement des dépôts en matériel métallique, etc. Pendant la dernière guerre, la défense passive s'installe, on évacue boiseries, tapisseries et tableaux dans la crypte du Panthéon. Après la guerre, tout sera remis en place. Nous sommes en présence, essentiellement, des archives du service comptable de l'Agence. La plus grande partie des documents est donc constituée de devis, attachements, mémoires de travaux et toutes pièces comptables pouvant justifier de ceux-ci devant l'administration du Service des Bâtiments civils et Palais nationaux Sur l'histoire de ce service, voir Notice historique sur le Service des travaux des Bâtiments civils et sur le Conseil général des Bâtiments de France. Notice parue en 4 parties, sous les noms de Gourlier, Questel et Lestang. , actuelle Direction de l'Architecture : c'est en effet cette administration qui décidait des crédits à accorder, qu'il s'agisse de grands travaux, de grosses réparations ou d'entretien. Les attachements de travaux, pour être plus compréhensibles, sont très souvent accompagnés de plans ou de dessins souvent rehaussés de couleurs, explicant un détail ou l'ensemble des travaux exécutés. Ces dessins sont effectués soit directement dans la marge des documents, soit sur des feuilles jointes. A cela s'ajoute la correspondance, axée à la fois sur la comptabilité et sur les rapports avec la Direction des Archives et avec les entrepreneurs ; elle ne forme un tout cohérent qu'avec l'arrivée de Robert Danis pour diriger les travaux. Ces papiers montrent comment l'Agence fait la jonction entre l'Etat qui ordonne et paie les travaux, et les entrepreneurs qui les exécutent. En effet, c'est l'Agence qui donne les ordres aux entrepreneurs et surveille les travaux d'une part, c'est elle d'autre part, qui justifie des dépenses auprès du Service des Bâtiments civils et Palais nationaux et plus particulièrement auprès du Bureau de la Liquidation des dépenses. Voilà pourquoi les papiers de l'Agence sont le complément ou le double des Archives du Service des Bâtiments civils déjà versées aux Archives nationales Sous-série F21. En effet, nous sommes ici bien souvent en présence des doubles des pièces justificatives que l'architecte envoie au service "payeur". Il ne faut donc pas s'étonner de retrouver les mêmes pièces dans les deux fonds, l'original et le double ou la minute. Une étude sur les bâtiments des Archives nationales doit donc se faire à l'aide d'une part, du fonds de l'Agence d'architecture chargée des travaux et de l'autre, du fonds des Bâtiments civils et Palais nationaux. Il faut ajouter à cette documentation, celle des archives du Service des Monuments historiques A la bibliothèque de la Direction de l'architecture, 3 rue de Valois. ainsi que les documents conservés sur place par le Secrétariat des Archives nationales. On trouvera en annexe à cette introduction la liste des principales références concernant les bâtiments des Archives nationales aux XIXème et XXeme siècles. Peut-être pourra-t-elle servir de "liste-type" pour d'autres recherches sur des édifices comparables aux notres, à condition de considérer chacun d'eux comme un cas particulier qui pose nécessairement des problèmes spécifiques. Le fonds, coté AJ 54, se compose de 56 liasses. Un classement chronologique et topographique s'est imposé de lui- même. En tête vient l'hôtel de Soubise (AJ 54 1 à 34), puis l'hôtel de Rohan (AJ 54 35 à 44), ensuite les articles dans lesquels les deux hôtels sont indissociables (AJ 54 45 à 51) et enfin tout ce qui touche à l'activité des architectes en dehors des Archives nationales : travaux extérieurs de l'Agence, associations d'architectes, etc. (AJ 54 52 à 56). Les éliminations ont été pratiquées de façon très modérée, car il était difficile de faire la différence entre grands travaux et travaux d'entretien. Par exemple, il est presque impossible de faire la distinction, dans les documents, entre la réfection totale et la réfection partielle d'une toiture. Dans le doute, étant donné le faible volume du fonds, on a préféré garder trop que trop peu. Souvent aussi de menues affaires étaient mêlées à d'autres plus importantes et il 4 Archives nationales (France) n'était pas raisonnable de déposer les dossiers. Enfin certaines pièces sont déjà conservées dans F 21, mais il n'était pas pensable d'en vérifier l'existence dans des dizaines de liasses. Il nous a paru aussi indispensable de conserver tout ce qui concerne les appartements princiers de Soubise et de Rohan (peinture, dorure, pose de rayonnage...) ce qui permettra peut-être de mieux comprendre l'état actuel de ces salons. Dans l'inventaire, une analyse détaillée a été donnée chaque fois que cela était possible et paraissait souhaitable. Mais les attachements de travaux et leurs très nombreux dessins, aussi bien en maçonnerie, en menuiserie qu'en serrurerie, n'ont pas toujours pu être précisés et cela d'autant plus que la localisation des travaux était parfois difficile à faire. En conclusion, on notera l'intérêt du fonds qui nous fait toucher du doigt le constant effort de modernisation et d'agrandissement des Archives nationales, tout en regrettant que ce ne soit, le plus souvent, qu'à travers la comptabilité du service. Le travail purement architectural de l'Agence manque : les études et projets préliminaires à la construction des dépôts Louis-Philippe et Napoléon III, les vues d'ensemble de Denis sur la restauration de l'hôtel de Rohan ou les études sur l'hôtel de Cuise avant sa démolition complète.
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