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Ideologija Radikalne Desnice U Republici Poljskoj Ideologija radikalne desnice u republici Poljskoj Lacković, Stjepan Doctoral thesis / Disertacija 2021 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Political Science / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Fakultet političkih znanosti Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:114:708972 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-10-02 Repository / Repozitorij: FPSZG repository - master's thesis of students of political science and journalism / postgraduate specialist studies / disertations ! Fakultet političkih znanosti Stjepan Lacković IDEOLOGIJA RADIKALNE DESNICE U REPUBLICI POLJSKOJ DOKTORSKI RAD Zagreb, 2021. ! Fakultet političkih znanosti Stjepan Lacković IDEOLOGIJA RADIKALNE DESNICE U REPUBLICI POLJSKOJ DOKTORSKI RAD Mentor: Prof. dr. sc. Tihomir Cipek Zagreb, 2021. # Faculty of Political Science Stjepan Lackovi" IDEOLOGY OF THE RADICAL RIGHT IN THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND DOCTORAL THESIS Supervisor: Prof. dr. sc. Tihomir Cipek Zagreb, 2021. INFORMACIJE O MENTORU Prof. dr. sc. Tihomir Cipek rođen je 1962. godine u Zagrebu, gdje završava osnovno i srednjoškolsko obrazovanje. Diplomirao je, magistrirao i doktorirao politologiju na Fakultetu političkih znanosti u Zagrebu. Godine 2000. izabran je za docenta, 2005. za izvanrednog profesora, te 2010 za redovitog profesora. Kao stipendist ÖAD-a u nekoliko se navrata znanstveno usavršavao na Institutu za ekonomsku i socijalnu povijest i Institutu za istraživanje istočne i jugoistočne Europe Sveučilišta u Beču (1993., 1995., 1999.), a kao stipendist zaklade Alexander von Humboldt i Fritz Thysson na Seminaru za političku znanost- Sveučilišta u Göttingenu (2001.). Kao stipendist Herderovog vijeća broavio je 2002. godine na Herderovom institutu-Sveučilišta u Marburgu/Lahn, a kao stipendist Zaklade Hans Seidl boravio je u centru za europske integracije Sveučilišta u Bonnu 2006.godine. Kao stipendist Basileus programa 2009. godine istraživački je boravio na Fakultetu političkih znanosti u Beogradu, dok se 2010 kao stipendist CEEPUS programa znanstveno usavršavao na Institutu za istočnoeuropsku povijest Bečkog sveučilišta. 2010. godine istraživački je boravio na Fakultetu društvenih i ekonomskih znanosti Sveučilišta Comenius u Bratislavi kao stipendist vlade Slovačke republike, a iste je godine boravio kao istraživački stipendist London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) na dotičnom prestižnom sveučilištu. Na dodiplomskom studiju politologije i novinarstva Fakulteta političkih znanosti Sveučilišta u Zagrebu predaje 'Povijest hrvatske političke misli', i 'Politike povijesti'. Na poslijediplomskom specijalističkom studiju 'Regionalne komparativne studije srednje i istočne Europe' na FPZG- u predaje kolegije 'Srednja i jugoistočna Europa: povijest i pojam (s Prof. Dr. Sc. Mirjanom Kasapović), 'Politika i umjetnost u srednjoj i jugoistočnoj Europi' (s Mr.sc. Boškom Piculom) te 'Politički sustav i politike Poljske, češke i Slovačke'. Na doktorskom studiju Komparative politike na FPZG-u predaje kolegij 'Diktature, demokracije i defektne demokracije u 20 i 21. stoljeću (skupa sa Prof.dr.sc. nenadom Zakošekom) te kolegij 'Demokratska tranzicija i povijesno naslijeđe: slučaj Češke, Poljske i Rusije'. Na Hrvatskim studijima Sveučilišta u Zagrebu predaje kolegije 'Diktature u srednjoj Europi (diplomski studij povijesti) i 'Komparativna povijest srednje Europe' (doktorski studij povijesti). Od 1992. voditelj je sekcije 'Nacija i nacionalizam' Hrvatskog nacionalnog odbora za povijesne znanosti. Od 1994. urednik je biblioteke 'Povijest hrvatskih političkih ideja' (Golden marketing, Zagreb), od 2004. urednik je biblioteke 'Povijest Europe' nakladničke kuće Alinea, Zagreb. Ideologija radikalne desnice u Republici Poljskoj Sažetak Glavni cilj disertacije je analizirati ideologiju glavnih predstavnika radikalne desnice u Poljskoj. Ova doktorska disertacija dizajnirana je kao studija slučaja unutar okvira kulturalnog pristupa u političkim znanostima. Kao metoda istraživanja odabrana je kombinacija kvalitativne analize sadržaja i konceptualne analize ideologije Michaela Freedena. Iako je najveći fokus istraživanja na dvjema političkim strankama (Zakon i pravda i Liga poljskih obitelji) kao glavnim predstavnicima radikalno desne političke scene u Poljskoj, istraživanje se bavi i drugim akterima, prije svega organizacijama civilnog društva, društvenim pokretima i medijima, koji sudjeluju u konstruiranju i promoviranju ideologije radikalne desnice. Pritom istraživanje nije ograničeno na sadržaj ideologije i aktere koji tu ideologiju promoviraju, već ono uključuje i analizu procesa putem kojih se ideologija radikalne desnice eksplicira i formulira, kao i analizu dinamičnih odnosa među akterima procesa proizvodnje ideologije doprinoseći istraživanju ideologije radikalne desnice kao i istraživanju procesa konstruiranja političkih ideologija općenito. Kao polazište za navedenu analizu u disertaciji se koristi ponešto modificirana definicija radikalne desnice poznatog politologa Casa Muddea prema kojoj su konstitutivna obilježja radikalne desnice integralni nacionalizam, autoritarnost i populizam. Analizom je utvrđeno kako su sve tri ideološke karakteristike tipične za radikalnu desnicu prisutne kod glavnih aktera istraživanih u ovoj disertaciji. Na tragu konceptualne analize, ova disertacija je pokazala kako središnji konstitutivni koncept radikalno desne ideologije u Poljskoj predstavlja nacija, i kako svi ostali okolni koncepti detektirani analizom, poput solidarnosti, jednakosti šansi, pravde, demokracije, slobode, zadobivaju svoje značenje na temelju svog odnosa prema središnjem konstitutivnom obilježju ideologije. Ključne riječi: radikalna desnica, ideologija, integralni nacionalizam, Poljska, Zakon i pravda, Liga poljskih obitelji Ideology of the radical right in the Republic of Poland Abstract In the last thirty years or so, the influence of the radical right has been constantly growing throughout Europe. This political success has been accompanied by an increasingly intensive scientific research on the phenomenon of the radical right, which has resulted in several studies that address various aspects of the radical right phenomenon in Europe. Paradoxically, despite such abundance of research papers, their review suggests that there are relatively few papers that have a systematic and in-depth approach to the political ideology of the radical right. This doctoral dissertation fills this research gap and focuses on the political ideology of the radical right, taking into account the thesis of the well-known researcher of political ideologies Michael Freeden, that political ideologies are the centre of political analysis because the study of ideologies can provide relevant insights necessary for understanding politics and political processes. In the context of the debate on the wave of radicalism in Europe, Poland is a particularly interesting case. Firstly, it is the largest and most populous post-communist country that became a member of the EU and a country in which the radical right won three parliamentary and three presidential elections between 2005 and 2020. Secondly, in academic papers and media Poland is often portrayed as an example of a country that has successfully gone through the process of transformation to a liberal democracy and as an example of the most successful transition economy in Europe. The Polish case is also interesting because it is a country with more than 90% of declared Catholics and where, primarily due to historical development, Catholicism plays a significant role in political, social and cultural life; it has become a key component of the Polish national identity. In contrast to Western European countries, in Poland Political Catholicism did not spark the development of strong Christian- Democratic parties, it rather gave rise to radical right-wing parties instead. In addition to cultural factors, historical heritage is often considered a fertile ground for the emergence of this type of parties, especially its influence on political processes and on the processes of building national identity. Namely, the Polish historical heritage, specifically the one related to the 20th century, was marked by a short period of democratic rule (1918-1925), and two long periods of authoritarian rule, that of Jozef Pilsudski (1925 to 1939), and that of the communist authoritarians (1945 to 1989). Thus, the main goal of the dissertation is to analyze the ideology of the main representatives of the radical right in Poland by exploring its discursive manifestations, as well as the way in which the radical right ideology is produced. This doctoral dissertation is designed as a case study within the framework of a cultural approach in political sciences. Cultural approach is characterized by the insistence on the importance of context, which, on the other hand, makes it difficult to define clear independent, dependent and intervening variables. Therefore, in the cultural approach, a case is most often taken as the analytical unit taking into consideration all the complexity of its historical and socio-political distinctiveness. Qualitative content analysis was chosen as the research method, and a conceptual analysis of Michael Freeden's ideology was added to it, since this approach allows us to better understand the morphology of ideologies and their operationalization in politics. The first chapter is about the theoretical and methodological framework. Since the concept of the radical
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