COUNTRY REPORTS THE STATE OF VIET NAM’S BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE This country report has been prepared by the national authorities as a contribution to the FAO publication, The State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture. The report is being made available by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as requested by the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. The information in this report has not been verified by FAO, and the content of this document is entirely the responsibility of the authors, and does not necessarily represent the views of FAO, or its Members. The designations employed and the presentation of material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Vietnam’s Report for the State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture 2014 REPUBLIC SOCIALIST OF VIETNAM COUNTRY REPORT FOR THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE nbnnbn HANOI 2014 Vietnam’s Report for the State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture 2014 LIST OF TABLE Table 1. Production systems present in Vietnam ....................................................................................8 Table 2. Production systems present in Vietnam .................................................................................. 10 Table 3. Area under production, production quantity and contribution to the agricultural sector economy for production systems in the Vietnam .................................................................................. 22 Table 4. Effect of drivers on sector biodiversity within production systems in the country .................. 26 Table 5. Major drivers and their effect on ecosystem services in production systems ......................... 30 Table 6. Drivers affecting available, knowledge and diversity of wild foods ........................................ 42 Table 7. Timber species with high economic value ............................................................................... 52 Table 8: Fish group: Fish species are raised in Vietnam ........................................................................ 53 Table 9: Imported fish species can be raised in Vietnam ...................................................................... 54 Table 10: Seaweed group: Species are grown in Vietnam .................................................................... 54 Table 11: Imported seaweed species can be grown Vietnam ............................................................... 55 Table 12: Crustacean group: Species are raised in Vietnam ................................................................. 55 Table 13: Molluscous group: Species are raised in Vietnam ................................................................. 56 Table 14: Molluscous group: Imported speices can be raised in Vietnam ............................................ 57 Table 15: Other aquatic species are grown in Vietnam: ....................................................................... 57 Table 16. Changes in forest area and forest coverage in Vietnam (2004-2012) ................................... 59 Table 17. List of endangered precious and rare crop varieties ............................................................. 60 Table 18. List of Vietnam livestock breeds and their status .................................................................. 61 Table 19. The threat level of some forest plant species according to IUCN category 2001 .................. 63 Table 20. List of crop genetic resources being conserved in the national genebank ............................ 66 Table 21. On farm conservation of some forest species........................................................................ 68 Table 22. Some collection gardens of wood trees and bamboos ......................................................... 69 Table 23. Trends in the state of components of associated biodiversity within production systems ... 70 Table 24. Ex situ conservation or management activities or programs for associated biodiversity for food and agriculture .............................................................................................................................. 72 Table 25. List of insect species conserved and developed for agricultural production (Ex situ conservation) ......................................................................................................................................... 78 Table 26. List of rare precious aquatic species conserved at Institute of Oceanography (Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa) ............................................................................................................................................ 80 Table 27. In- situ conservation or management activities or programs for associated biodiversity for food and agriculture .............................................................................................................................. 84 Table 28. Gender demension in the utilization of natural vegetation of Thai people ........................... 89 Vietnam’s Report for the State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture 2014 Table 29. Wild species used for food in Vietnam .................................................................................. 91 Table 30. Main threats to wild food species identified as at risk. ......................................................... 95 Table 31. Ex situ conservation or management activities or programmes for wild food species ........ 98 Table 32. Ex situ conservation of wild vegetable germplasm collected from different agro-ecological regions at Plant Resources Center (Until 12/2010) ............................................................................... 98 Table 33. Ex situ conservation of fish species ........................................................................................ 99 Table 34. In-situ conservation or management activities or programmes for wild food species. ..... 100 Table 35. On- farm conservation of some indigenous vegetables at Bavi Ecological Tourist Company (BAVIECO) (until 30/9/ 2014) .............................................................................................................. 101 Table 36. Natural and human disasters that has had a significant effect on biodiversity for food and agriculture and/or on ecosystem services in the past 10 years .......................................................... 103 Table 37. Invasive alien species that have had a significant effect on biodiversity for food and agriculture in the past 10 years ........................................................................................................... 115 Table 38. Management practices that are considered to favor the maintenance and use of biodiversity for food and agriculture ...................................................................................................................... 127 Table 39. List of legislations related to conservation of biodiversity for food and agriculture ........... 139 Table 40. List of policies/regularions related to application of an ecosystem approach or landscape approach to conserve and use biodiversity for food and agriculture .................................................. 144 Table 41. List of programs related to utilization of biodiversity for food and agriculture into disaster management and response ................................................................................................................. 147 Table 42. List of policies and programs related to utilization of biodiversity for food and agriculture into climate change adaptation and mitigation stratergies and plans............................................... 148 Table 43.Policies and programmes governing the access to its genetic resources of associated biodiversity established in the country. ............................................................................................... 153 Table 44. National information systems on associated biodiversity ................................................... 154 Vietnam’s Report for the State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture 2014 TABLE OF FIGURE Figure 1. Process of the country report preparation ...............................................................................4 Figure 2. Vietnam’s map .........................................................................................................................5 Figure 3. The biodiversity regions in Vietnam ....................................................................................... 48 Figure 4. The diversity of bean and zeamay genetic resources ............................................................ 49 Figure 5. The nine agro-ecological zones in Vietnam ............................................................................ 58 Figure 6. Agro-biodiversity conservation system in Vietnam .............................................................. 66 Figure 7. National policies and programs guiding Climate Change Actions in Viet Nam ................... 148 Vietnam’s