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Participatory Fish Production in Dhalai District of Tripura, NE India

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Participatory Fish Production in Dhalai District of Tripura, NE India Content list available at http://epubs.icar.org.in, www.kiran.nic.in; ISSN: 0970-6429 Indian Journal of Hill Farming December 2015, Volume 28, Issue 2, Page 121-125 Participatory Fish Production in Dhalai District of Tripura, NE India Chandan Debnath1 . Lopamudra Sahoo1 . Gulab Singh Yadav* . M. Datta1 . B. Santosh2 . Anup Das3 . S.V. Ngachan3 1ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Tripura Centre, Lembucherra 799210, Tripura 2Vizhinjam Research Centre of CMFRI, Thiruvananthapuram 692521, Kerala 3ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam (Barapani) 793103, Meghalaya ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Composite culture at a species composition of 40% catla (Catla catla), 30% rohu (Labeo Received 11 September 2015 Revision Received 20 December rohita), 20% mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) and 10% grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) 2015 in a combined stocking density of 5000 fingerlings ha-1 was demonstrated in participatory Accepted 21 December 2015 mode in Dhalai District of Tripura, NE India for three consecutive years (2009-10, 2010- --------------------------------------------- Key words: 11 and 2011-12) with an aim to see the production performance and economic benefit of Composite fish culture, traditional the system over traditional culture system. Growth of the fish was higher in composite fish farming, yield, benefit- cost ratio culture than traditional farming in all the locations. Grass carp dominated the size --------------------------------------------- followed by catla, rohu and mrigal in all the ponds. Total production of fish in composite culture (934-1545 kg ha-1) was higher than traditional farming (322-335 kg ha-1). Gross profit in composite culture (Rs. 2,23,192 ha-1) was higher than traditional farming (Rs. 58,386 ha-1). Similarly, net profit in composite culture (Rs. 1,12,383 ha-1) was higher than traditional method (Rs. 15,719 ha-1). Benefit-cost ratio was 1.93 in composite culture and 1.36 in traditional culture. Overall, composite culture of fish was found as a viable option for enhancing fish production in Dhalai district of Tripura by 192-360%. 1. Introduction Backward Regions Grant Fund (BRGF). Here 76% Fish plays an important role in the economy of people depend on agriculture and allied farming for Tripura. More than 95% people of Tripura eat fish. The per livelihood.Fisheries also occupy a unique place in the capita fish consumption in the state is 20.07 kg which is livelihood. Total fish farmer is 22,015. Total area being used highest among the inland states of the country. There is 1, for fisheries is 1516 ha. Demand for fish is 3445.25 mt, 73,150 farmers depending on fisheries for livelihood. The however actual production is 2971.5 mt, hence there is a gap total cultivable water area is 25,338 ha and total fish of 473.75 mt (Saha and Nath, 2013). This is due to non- production is 61259 mt. Pond culture is the main form of adoption of technologies which are high-inputs oriented. fish production in the state. There is 6.6% annual increment Therefore, modification of technology according to local in production of fish over the year, however, this do not situations and needs is very much essential. Traditionally meet the actual demand (80,153 mt) (Debnath et al. 2012). people grows different species of carps without following Improper stocking density, species composition, stocking proper stocking density, species combination, stocking ratios, ratio, fertilization and feeding strategies, non-availability feeding, fertilization, water and soil quality management in of critical and quality inputs, poor water and soil quality, the culture system. Cattle manure, lime, banana leaf, banana diseases etc are the major deterrents to the production of stem, rice bran, etc are used for pond fertilization and fish fish in Tripura. Tripura has eight districts of which socio- feeding, but the rates of application are very much inadequate. economically, Dhalai is the most backward district which Methods followed during application of inputs are not still receives grants from the Union Government under the appropriate. Stocking density of fish remains either above or _________________ below recommendation without proper combination of *Corresponding author: [email protected] compatible species. 121 As a result, productivity of the ponds is very Then the bags were opened and fishes were allowed to low. There are various fish farming technologies of swim-out slowly into the ponds without any disturbance. which, composite culture is the most profitable and Supplementary feeding was followed on every alternate day -1 -1 sustainable.In this system, distinctive compatible species with rice bran (14 kg ha ), mustard oil cake (7 kg ha ) and -1 of Indian carps and exotic carps of dissimilar feeding habits grass or leaves (17 kg ha ). Intermittent manuring and liming are stocked and cultured together in the same pond so that were done on monthly intervals to maintain the water quality all its ecological niches are utilized by the fishes. Present of the ponds. Sampling for checking the health and growth of investigation is an attempt to quantify the yield advantages fish was done once in two months. After end of culture, the - of composite culture over local traditional farming in fish were harvested by repeated netting and production (kg ha 1 Dhalai district of Tripura. Efforts have also been made to ) of fish calculated. find out economic sustainability of the composite culture in the area for logical analysis and adoption of the technology Water quality parameters were analysed following the by the fish growing community of the district. Standard methods (APHA 1998). Inorganic nutrients such as nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate were measured in a 2. Material and methods spectroquant (Nova 60; Merck) using kits. Sediment samples analysed for pH, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic carbon following standard protocols. The study was conducted during 2009-2012 as a part The data were analysed through one-way ANOVA using of National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP), SPSS, v11.2 to find out whether any difference existed among Component-III, implemented by ICAR, Tripura Centre at the means at 5% level of significance. A simple cost-benefit Dhalai district of Tripura. The demonstration was carried analysis was done to estimate the net profits. out in four villages (Balaram, Moracherra, Kuchianala and Shivbari) located at Ambassa and Kamalpur sub-divisions 3. Results and Discussion in Dhalai. Fingerlings of catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita), mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) and grass carp The present study provided information on yield (Ctenopharyngodon idella) stocked, were procured from advantages of composite culture over traditional farming in local vendors and ICAR. Fishes were stocked at a species Dhalai district of Tripura. The production of fish from composition of 40% catla, 30% rohu, 20% mrigal and 10% composite culture in all the locations was much lower than grass carp in a combined stocking density of 5000 earlier findings in this line, however, it was higher when fingerlings ha-1. The management practices in composite compared with traditional methods of farming. This is due to fish farming were categorized into pre-stocking, stocking supplementary feeding to the fishes as well as intermittent and post-stocking practices. Major steps followed in pre- liming and manuring of the ponds in composite culture to stocking management were renovation of pond produce optimum levels of phytoplankton and zooplankton embankments, removal of shrubs, bushes etc in dykes, (Pillay, 1995), which is affected in traditional methods in trimming of tree branches, clearance of aquatic weeds, absence of proper feeding, fertilization and manuring eradication of predatory and weed fishes by using strategies. Lower production in composite culture is due to bleaching powder (350 kg ha-1) and repeated netting, lower rate of input application. To keep the technology manuring by using cattle dung @ 10000 kg ha-1 (1/3rd affordable and sustainable by the farmers, application rate of applied as basal dose and rest applied at monthly interval) inputs suggested was low. In traditional farming intense and liming with quick lime (@ 250 kg ha-1) for regulating competition and overlapping of feeding niches among the pH of the ponds. One third quantity of total amount of lime different species of fish produced significantly low level of was applied as basal dose and rest was applied in split doses fish. Hossain et al (2013) also demonstrated more yield in on monthly intervals after checking the pH of pond water. composite culture than local practice of farming. Talukdar In stocking management, transportation of quality and Sontaki (2005) also described various advantages of fingerling was one of the most important steps. In the composite culture. All fish varieties such as catla, rohu, mrigal present investigation, transportation of fingerlings was and grass carp responded well in composite culture. The done in the early morning hours with oxygen packing from growth obtained over a period of one year of culture was the ICAR farm of Tripura Centre located at West Tripura highest in grass carps followed by catla, rohu and then mrigal. District. Acclimatization of the fingerlings was done for Higher growth of grass carp is due to regular supply of grass 18-24h before transportation. Before releasing the and leafy materials like Napier grass, banana leaves and stems fingerlings in the ponds, polythene bags were allowed to etc. stay in pond water for a period of 30 minutes for reducing the stress related to temperature fluctuation. 122 Higher consumption of leaves by the grass carps (Murty et al. 1978, Yadava et al. 1992).Economic provided more faecal inputs to produce more planktons for analysis of fish farming in composite culture and local supporting higher in fish cohabiting with them in practice showed profitability and sustainability of composite polyculture system (Haque et al. 1998). There was culture over local practice. The average cost of production of significant improvement in water and soil quality fish realized over the period of 2009-2012 was Rs.
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