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Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Koh Kapik Ramsar Site, Cambodia Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Koh Kapik Ramsar Site, Cambodia Pheakdey Sorn and Sonim Veth Mekong WET: Building Resilience of Wetlands in the Lower Mekong Region Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Koh Kapik Ramsar Site, Cambodia Pheakdey Sorn and Sonim Veth The designation of geographical entities in this report, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety. Special acknowledgement to the International Climate Initiative of the the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety for supporting Mekong WET. Published by: IUCN Asia Regional Office (ARO), Bangkok, Thailand Copyright: © 2019 IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Sorn, P. and Veth, S. (2019). Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Koh Kapik Ramsar Site, Cambodia. Bangkok, Thailand: IUCN. X + 36pp. Cover photo: © IUCN Cambodia Back cover photo: © IUCN Cambodia Layout by: IUCN Asia Regional Office Available from: IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Asia Regional Office 63 Sukhumvit Soi 39 Klongtan – Nua, Wattana 10110 Bangkok, Thailand Tel +66 2 662 4029 Fax +66 2 662 4387 Email address: [email protected] www.iucn.org/resources/publications CONTENTS Acronyms .............................................................................................................................. v Acknowledgements ...............................................................................................................vi Executive summary .............................................................................................................. vii 1 General introduction ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Building resilience of wetlands to climate change in the Lower Mekong Region ........ 1 1.2 Objective and set up of the study ............................................................................... 1 2 Section II. Situation analysis ............................................................................................. 3 2.1 Description of the wetland.......................................................................................... 3 2.1.1 Location and site description ............................................................................ 3 2.1.2 Current and historic climate ............................................................................. 4 2.1.3 Hydrological characteristics ............................................................................. 4 2.1.4 Wetland habitats .............................................................................................. 4 2.1.5 Biodiversity ...................................................................................................... 5 2.1.6 Land use .......................................................................................................... 7 2.1.7 Drivers of change ............................................................................................. 7 2.1.8 Conservation and zoning ................................................................................. 8 2.2 Communities and wetland livelihoods ........................................................................ 9 2.2.1 Communities and population ............................................................................ 9 2.2.2 Key livelihood activities .................................................................................. 10 2.2.3 Use of wetland resources .............................................................................. 11 2.2.4 Land tenure and rights ................................................................................... 12 2.2.5 Governance ................................................................................................... 12 2.2.6 Stakeholder analysis ...................................................................................... 12 2.2.7 Gender and vulnerable groups ....................................................................... 13 2.2.8 Perceived threads to wetland habitats and livelihoods ................................... 14 2.3 Climate projections for the site ................................................................................. 15 2.3.1 Climate change projections for Koh Kong Province ....................................... 15 2.3.2 Implications of climate change for KKRS ....................................................... 16 3 Section III. Vulnerability assessment .............................................................................. 16 3.1 Habitats ................................................................................................................... 16 3.1.1 Seagrass and catchment forest ..................................................................... 17 3.1.2 Mangroves and open sea .............................................................................. 18 iii 3.1.3 Fresh water bodies and beach and swamp .................................................... 19 3.2 Community and livelihoods ...................................................................................... 20 3.2.1 Resource dependency ................................................................................... 21 3.2.2 The impact of climate change on resources ................................................... 25 3.2.3 Coping and management ............................................................................... 26 3.3 Species .................................................................................................................... 29 3.3.1 Fishing cat ..................................................................................................... 30 3.3.2 Smooth-coated otter and hairy-nosed otter .................................................... 31 3.3.3 Irrawaddy Dolphin .......................................................................................... 33 4 Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 35 4.1 Summary of vulnerabilities ....................................................................................... 35 4.2 Adaptation planning ................................................................................................. 36 Annex 1: Management zones of protected areas based on Protected Areas Law ............... 37 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................ 38 iv ACRONYMS ADB Asia Development Bank BMUB German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety BSNP Botum Sakor National Park CBO Community-Based Organization CFi Community Fisheries CI Conservation International CPA Community Protected Area D&D Decentralization and Deconcentration Program DoAFF Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery DoFWC Department of Freshwater Wetlands Conservation DoH Department of Health DoMCC Department of Marin and Coastal Conservation DoME Department of Mining and Energy DoP Department of Planning DoT Department of Tourism DoWA Department of Women and Affairs DoYES Department of Youth, Education and Sport FCA Fish Conservation Area FFI Flora and Fauna International FiA Fisheries Administration GDANCP General Department of Administration for Natural Conservation and Protection GHG Green House Gas ICM Integrated Coastal Management IKI International Climate Initiative IBBRI Indo-Burma Ramsar Regional Initiative IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature KKRS Koh Kapik Ramsar Site MoE Ministry of Environment NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans NGO Non-Governmental Organization NREM Natural Resource and Environmental Management NTFPs Non-Timber Forest Products PDoE Provincial Department of Environment PIN People in Need PKWS Peam Krasop Wildlife Sanctuary PMCR Participatory Management of Coastal Resources PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal RCP Representative Concentration Pathway RIS Ramsar Information Sheet SMART Spatial Monitoring And Reporting Tool VA Vulnerability Assessment WA Wildlife Alliance v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment (VA) was conducted within the context of the project “Mekong WET: Building Resilience of Wetlands in the Lower Mekong Region” (2017-2020). Koh Kapik Ramsar Site (KKRS) was selected as one of the wetlands sites for building climate resilience and conserving, managing and restoring natural ecosystems in collaboration with local communities and stakeholders, with the VA being a first step towards adaptation planning. The assessment was led by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in Cambodia but could
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