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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 I 74-21,154 HOUSTON, Roy Seamands, 1942- FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION IN SELECTED NEOGASTROPODS FROM THE PUERTO PENASCO REGION OF SONORA, MEXICO. The University of Arizona, Ph.D., 1974 Zoology University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF REPROIUCTION IN SELECTED NEOGASTROPODS FROM THE PUERTO PENASCO REGION OF SONORA, MEXICO by Roy Seamands Houston A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN ZOOLOGY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 ^ THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by Roy Seamands Houston entitled Functional Morphology of Reproduction in Selected Weogastropods from the Puerto Penasco Region of Sonora, Mexico be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ±_ 27 huutA Dissertation Director Date After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* '9h^J 3-7, H7V This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidence of satisfactory performance at the final examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or re­ production of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the in­ terests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Dr. Albert R. Mead for his advice and in­ valuable encouragement during the course of this study. I also wish to thank Dr. Walter B. Miller, Dr. Peter E. Pickens, Dr. J. Laurens Barnard, Dr. Donald A. Thomson, and Dr. John R. Hendrickson for their help and much needed criticism. I am deeply indebted to Dr. Edmund H. Smith for the specimens from Scotland, Italy, and Brazil. My thanks are also extended to Mr. Peter D'Eliscu, Mr. James Wood, and Mr. Jerry Kudenov for the help in collecting specimens at Puerto Penasco. In addition, I wish to acknowledge the Universidad de Sonora and the Institution National de Pesca, for their permission to collect in Mexico. Thanks are also extended to Mrs. Melany Klotz for her help in the preparation of the final manuscript and Miss Margaret Maggerle for developing the photographs. ill TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS vi LIST OF TABLES ix ABSTRACT x INTRODUCTION 1 METHODS AND MATERIALS 5 RESULTS 8 Ecology ........................ 8 Acanthlna angelica 8 Columbella fuscata 8 Crasslsplra pluto 8 Nassarlus tiarula ..... 9 Solenostelra macrospira 9 Olivella dama 9 Reproductive Systems 9 The Male Duct 10 The Female Duct 28 Reproductive Systems of Additional Species ....... 5^ Family: Muricidae 5^ Family j Buccinidae 62 Family: Nassariidae ..... ...... 63 Family: Columbellidae 63 Egg Capsules ................ 65 Columbella fuscata 65 Acanthina angelica 6? Crassispira pl-.;to 70 Olivella dama 70 Nassarius tiar-: la 70 Solenosteira IT.- ro splra 71 Reproduction in Col bella fuscata 72 Copulatory Beha or 72 Egg String Movant 73 Sperm Movement Ln the Male 73 Sperm Movement in the Female . 76 Fertilization 78 Sperm Ingestion 78 EJgg Capsule Formation 78 iv V TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page Larval Development ................... 81 Acanthina angelica .... 81 Colunibella fuscata 82 Ontogeny of the Genital Ducts 82 Acanthina angelica .... 82 Columbella fuscata 88 Parasites 89 DISCUSSION 92 Evolution of the Open Reproductive System 92 The Male Duct 93 The Female Duct 96 Egg Capsules and Larval Development .......... 102 Systematic Discussion 103 LIST OF REFERENCES 106 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Selected Species of Neogastropods Examined in this Study 2 2. Collecting Areas at Station Beach and Cholla Bay 6 3. The Male Duct of Acanthina angelica 11 4. The Male Duct of Columbella fuscata 12 5. The Male Duct of Crassisplra pluto 13 6. The Male Duct of Olivella dama .............. 14 7. The Male Duct of Nassarlus tiarula 15 8. The Male Duct of Solenostelra macrosplra . 16 9. Cross Section through the Prostate Gland of Acanthina angelica ..... 18 10. Subepithelial Gland Cells from the Prostate Gland of Acanthina angelica ..... 18 11. Cross Section through the Unfused Region of the Prostate Gland of Acanthina angelica 20 12. Epithelial Cells Lining the Seminal Vesicle of Columbella fuscata 20 13. Section through the Opening to the Mantle Cavity in a Male Columbella fuscata 22 14. The Female Duct of Acanthina angelica 29 15. The Female Duct of Columbella fuscata 30 16. The Female Duct of Crassisplra pluto . 31 17. The Female Duct of Olivella dama . 32 18. The Female Duct of Nassarlus tiarula ..... 33 vl vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS—Continued Figure Page 19. The Female Duct of Solenosteira macrospira 34 20. Section through the Albumin Gland of Acanthina angelica 37 21. Subepithelial Gland Cells from the Capsule Gland of Acanthina angelica ... 37 22. Sections through Various Regions of the Capsule Gland of Acanthina angelica 39 23. Section through the Bursa Copulatrix of Acanthina angelica 39 24. Ciliary Currents in the Capsule Gland of Acanthina angelica 40 25. Section through the Ovary of Columbella fuscata ..... 42 26. Sections through Various Regions of the Capsule Gland in Columbella fuscata Showing the Differential Staining Patterns 45 27. Ciliary Currents in the Capsule Gland of Columbella fuscata . 46 28. Section through the Gonopericardial Duct of Columbella fuscata 47 29* The Male Ducts . 55 30. The Female Ducts 57 31. Egg Capsules 66 32. Egg Capsule Histology . 68 33* Section through the Oviduct of Columbella fuscata Showing the Position of an Egg within the Yolk Mass . 74 34. Sperm Movement in a Male Columbella fuscata 75 35• Section through the Pericardial Cavity of Columbella fuscata . 77 viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS—Continued Figure Page 36. Sperm and Egg Movement in a Female Columbella fuscata 79 37• Section through the Pericardial Cavity Showing Sperm Ingestion in Columbella fuscata 80 38. Veliger Larva from Acanthlna angelica 83 39* Juveniles of Acanthlna angelica . 83 40. Veliger Larvae from Columbella fuscata 84 41. Juveniles of Columbella fuscata 84 42. Ontogeny of the Reproductive System in Acanthlna angelica 85 43. Ontogeny of the Reproductive System in Columbella fuscata 86 44. Cercariae Larvae from the Seminal Vesicle of Columbella fuscata 90 45. Surface Water Temperatures at Station Beach . 104 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Additional Species and Their General Localities 4 2. Cell Types in the Capsule Gland of Columbella fuscata 44 3. Relationship of Ciliary Tracts to Staining Regions in the Capsule Gland of Columbella fuscata ...... 44 ix ABSTRACT The reproductive systems in six species of Neogastropods are described in depth. Species studied were Acanthina angelica I. 01- droyd, 1918; Columbella fuscata Sowerby, 1832; Crassispira pluto Pilshry and Lowe, 1932; Olivella dama (Wood, 1828 ex. Mawe MS); Nassarius tiarula (Kiener, 1841); and Solenosteira macrospira Berry, 1957• Specimens were collected at Puerto Penasco, Sonora, Mexico, in the Gulf of California and transported alive to The University of Arizona. Studies on the genitalia were accomplished through dissec­ tions and histological sections. In addition, twenty-five species from other regions of the world were examined briefly for comparative purposes.