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Anatomy of Soft Body of Pugilina Cochlidium (Linnaeus, 1758) and P

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Anatomy of Soft Body of Pugilina Cochlidium (Linnaeus, 1758) and P Brazilian Journal of Biology https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.226051 ISSN 1519-6984 (Print) ORIGINAL ARTICLE ISSN 1678-4375 (Online) Anatomy of soft body of Pugilina cochlidium (Linnaeus, 1758) and P. erecta (Vermeij & Raben, 2009) (Neogastropoda: Melongenidae) from Thondi Coast-Palk Bay in Tamil Nadu, India P. De los Ríos-Escalantea,b , C. Ragunathanc, L. Kanaguc and C. Stellac* aDepartamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco – UCTemuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile bNúcleo de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Católica de Temuco – UCTemuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile cDepartment of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Thondi Campus, 623409, Tamil Nadu, India *e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Received: July 13, 2019 – Accepted: December 10, 2019 – Distributed: May 31, 2021 (With 3 figures) Abstract The species of Pugilina cochlidium (Linnaeus, 1758) and P. erecta (Vermeij & Raben, 2009) has been studied in the present study. The female can be differentiated from the male by the absence of the cephalic penis and a complicated genital aparatus visible through the mantle skirt in both the sexes. In other aspects of the external features of female are quite to males. In both species the digestive system was similar with few differences in structure between each other. It consists of buccal mass, proboscis, salivary glands, accessory salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, intestine, rectum and anus. The nervous system in both P. cochlidium and P. erecta is constituted by six ganglia which forms the circumoesophgeal ganglionic ring. Among the neogastropods there is a similarity in the organization of the reproductive systems. The female reproductive system is more complicated than that of male. The sexes are separated in these two species. The gross morphology of the reproductive system of P. cochlidium and P. erecta was almost similar. The present study aims to describe the digestive system, nervous system and reproductive system of two gastropods species P. cochlidium and P. erecta. Keywords: gastropoda, melongenidae, Pugilina cochlidium, P. erecta, anatomy. Anatomia do corpo mole de Pugilina cochlidium (Linnaeus, 1758) e P. erecta (Vermeij & Raben, 2009) (Neogastropoda: Melongenidae) de Thondi Coast- Palk Bay em Tamil Nadu, na Índia Resumo As espécies de Pugilina cochlidium (Linnaeus, 1758) e P. erecta (Vermeij & Raben, 2009) foram tomadas no presente estudo. A fêmea pode ser diferenciada do macho pela ausência do pênis cefálico e um complicado complexo genital visível através da saia do manto em ambos os sexos. Em outros aspectos das características externas da fêmea são bastante semelhantes aos dos machos. Em ambas as espécies, o sistema digestivo era semelhante, com poucas diferenças de estrutura entre si. Consiste em massa bucal, probóscide, glândulas salivares, glândulas salivares acessórias, esôfago, estômago, intestino, reto e ânus. O sistema nervoso em P. cochlidium e P. erecta é constituído por seis gânglios que formam um anel ganglionar circunoesofágico. Entre os neogastrópodes, há uma semelhança na organização dos sistemas reprodutivos. O sistema reprodutivo feminino é mais complicado que o masculino. Os sexos são separados nessas duas espécies. A morfologia macroscópica do sistema reprodutivo de P. cochlidium e P. erecta foi quase similar. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever o sistema digestivo, sistema nervoso e sistema reprodutivo de duas espécies, P. cochlidium e P. erecta. Palavras-chave: gastropoda, melongenidae, Pugilina cochlidium, P. erecta, anatomia. 1. Introduction The phylogenetic analyses of the higher classification of (Andrews, 1991; Ball et al., 1997; Benny et al., 1996; neogastropoda have been studied based on the anatomical Brown, 1969; Carriker et al., 1963, 1967; Carriker and characters of the digestive system especially on the foregut Williams, 1978; Carriker, 1981; Chétatl and Fournié, 1969; Braz. J. Biol., 2021 , vol. 81, no. 2 pp.335-342 335/342 335 De los Ríos-Escalante, P. et al. Greene and Köhn, 1989; Harasewych, 1984; Hou et al., Hutchinson (1988), Gallardo and Garrido (1989), Hou et al. 1990; Kantor and Taylor, 2002; Kantor, 1996; Kantor (1990), Cantillanez et al. (2011), Cantillanez and Avendaño and Harasewych, 1994; Lus, 1981; Marcus and Marcus, (2013) The present study aims to describe the digestive 1962a, b; McLean, 1971; Merdsoy and Farley, 1973; system, nervous system and reproductive system of two Nylen et al., 1969; Person et al., 1967; Taylor et al., 1993). species P. cochlidium and P. erecta (Vermeij & Raben, It is generally accepted the evolution of the order, as well 2009) that are a very important fisheries resources in local as that of other caenogastropods, was determined mainly fisheries in Thondi Coast-Palk Bay in Tamil Nadu, India by the changes in the anatomy of the digestive system (De los Ríos et al., 2020). (Kohn, 1983) while similarity of shells is often the result of convergence. 2. Material and Methods Ponder (1973) studied the anatomy of the digestive system of neogastropoda. Buccinoidea is one of the Collected specimens were obtained from Thondi generally accepted monophyletic groups in neogastropods. Coast-Palk Bay in Tamil Nadu, India (9°44’ N; 79°19’ Six families are usually included into this superfamily: E) in January 2009. For anatomical studies, the soft buccinidae, fasciolariidae, nassariidae, melongenidae, body, inside the shell was obtained by cracking open columbellidae and colubrariidae. Carriker (1943) has studied the shell. The animal was kept for relaxation in 75% the structure and function of the proboscis in the common magnesium chloride. Dissections were made in seawater oyster drills Urosalpinx cinerea (Say, 1822). Ward (1965) in a dissecting dish under a stereo zoom binocular has described the digestive tract and its relation to feeding microscope. The reproductive system was studied mostly habits in the stenoglossan prosobranch Coralliophila erosa in fresh animals as the genital ducts and genital complex (Röding, 1798). Houston (1976) has studied the structure are more readily visible. Measurements were made with and function of neogastropod reproductive systems with ocular and stage micrometers and the drawings were special reference to Columbella fuscata G.B. Sowerby, made obtained at laboratory. Only preserved animal were 1832. The anatomy of the various proboscis types has been used to study the diminute nerves stood out prominently investigated by Greene and Kohn (1989) and Medinskaya after fixation under direct illumination. The mean size of (1992). Medinskaya (1992) has investigated the anatomy P. cocchlidium specimens were 98.71 mm and 114.29 mm of the proboscis walls in neogastropods and its connection for male and female respectively, whereas the for P. erecta with diets and feeding mechanism. Medinskaya (1992) were 94.28 mm and 106.70 mm for male and female has investigated the anatomy of the proboscis walls respectively, 30 specimens for each sex for each species in Neogastropods and its connection with diets and (60 specimens for species) were studied. feeding mechanism. Taylor et al. (1993) has studied the foregut anatomy, feeding mechanisms, relationships and 3. Results classification of the Conoidae.Ball et al. (1997) has studied 3.1. Digestive system the ontogeny of the pleurembolic proboscis in Nucella lapillus. Numerous studies have been made on various The present study in both species the digestive system aspects of the digestive system by Fretter and Graham was similar with few differences in structure between each (1962), Wu (1965a), Bhanu et al. (1981), Tagore (1989), other. It consists of buccal mass, proboscis, salivary glands, Guohua et al. (1990), Andrews (1991), Jaramillo (1991) stomach, intestine, rectum and anus. The digestive system and Middlefart (1992a, b). of P. cochlidium and P. erecta is shown in (Figure 1). Smith (1967, 1980, 1981) studied the neogastropod The proboscis in the present study, these two species stomach, with notes on the digestive diverticula and intestine. showed the most conspicuous feature of the digestive Ponder (1968, 1970) studied the anatomical notes on two system in the massive proboscis of pleuroembolic type, species of the colubrariidae. Medinskaya (1993, 1999) which is oval with two folded lips (Figure 1). In both studied the anatomy of the stomach of some neogastropoda the species the oesophagal region is extremely long and from the offshore zone of the Japan sea.Taylor (1978) and completed (Figure 1). The salivary gland in both species Taylor et al. (1980, 1993) studied the foregut anatomy, the salivary gland is a white mass, which surrounds the feeding mechanisms, relationships and classification of organ of oesophagus. In both the species the salivary glands Conoidea (Gastropoda). Tan and Phuah (1999) observed the are bilobed in structure. Each lobe is of the compound diet and feeding habits of P. cochlidium (Linnaeus, 1758) acinous type (Figure 1). (Neogastropoda: Melongenidae) in Singapore. Kantor and The stomach for both the species P. cochlidium and Tursch (2001) have been observed the feeding of Oliva genus. P. erecta the stomach is almost similar in structure. It is Kantor and Taylor (2002) studied the foregut anatomy and pale brown in colour. In two species the length and width of relationships of raphitomine gastropods. In neogastropod the stomach was measured about 53 to 60 mm in length in there is a similarity in the organization
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