THE NATURAL DISAPPEARANCE OF A TOP CARNIVORE AND ITS IMPACT ON AN INTERTIDAL INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY: THE INTERPLAY OF TEMPERATURE AND PREDATION ON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE (GULF OF CALIFORNIA). Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors BOYER, EDWARD HENRI. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 24/09/2021 05:37:14 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184109 INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. 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Other___________________________ __ University Microfilms International THE NATURAL DISAPPEARANCE OF A TOP CARNIVORE AND ITS IMPACT ON AN INTERTIDAL INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY: THE INTERPLAY OF TEMPERATURE AND PREDATION ON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE by Edward Henri Boyer A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 198 7 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by __E_d_w __ a_r_d ____ H_e_n __ r_i ___ B__ o~y_e_r ____________________ __ entitled The natural disappearance of a top carnivore and its impact on an intertidal invertebrate community: the interplay of temperature and predation on community structure. and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degr~Of~jlQSQPbJT ~ Da t'0'he ~/S,2 ~~;b Date ; l 4/~z ·ff7 Date' / /3 ftlf 1= Date c4ri:<t /3 ~ Itflf? / / ~ ;' Date (/ Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. Dissertation~ Director Date STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. This dissertation is dedicated to: My Father Larry Larson Steve Mackie Nick Yensen Donald Thomson mentors iii PREFACE The work presented in this dissertation would not have been possible if it weren't for a series of fortuitous events and the generosity and cooperation of a number of fellow naturalists. I just happened to be in the right place at the right time, equipped with baseline data, when an important predator suffered a sudden and catastrophic population crash. It is because of the vision and wisdom of my major professor, Dr. Donald Thomson, who saw the possibility and importance of this project, and the generosity of Nick Yensen who gave willingly of his field notes, thoughts, and time that this project was possible. Dr. Thomson opened my eyes to the value and excitement of field instruction in the Gulf of California. Without the inspiration and friendship of my friend, Steve Mackie, I never would have learned the special joy of looking under rocks and into tidepools in the intertidal zone, nor would I have suspected how fascinating invertebrates could be, nor would there have been any baseline data upon which this research is based. Throughout the long period of field work (which began while I was an undergraduate at A.S.U.) many people have assisted in collecting data and turning over boulders. For iv v this help I thank the following people: G:(a Fasanella Helias, Lucinda Davis Maseman, Steve Mackie, L.Y.Maluf, Peggy Turk Boyer, Cynthia Howser, Jim Mackie, Becky Simmons, Rick Boyer, Jon Schumaker, Lisa Doner, and the numerous students in field courses. My understanding of the community at Puerto Penasco and of ecology in general has benefitted from discussions with Mike Dungan, Robert Paine, Steve Schuster, Rick McCourt, Yvonne Maluf, Fernando Zapata, Curt Lively, Pete Raimondi, Katrina Mangin, Jim Malusa, Guy Hoelzer, Julio Betancourt, Ray.Turner, and all the members of my committee. I thank the graduate students of the Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology who together form a supportive and creative environment in which to work. I thank Bob Fry for his patient guidance in the use and understanding of statistical procedures but I take rsponsibility for any statistical inpropriety. Thanks also to Margaret Kurzius for doing most of the figure illustration. I wish to acknowledge Mike Magatagan who taught me computer programming and basic statistics. Mike was once a student of mine but he absorbed everything I had to offer and then became my teacher. I thank him for his friendship and inspiration. Janet VOight, Meriel Brooks, Sarah Mesnick, Ronnie Sidner, Judy Eastridge, Andrea Sorey, Judy Stahl, my family and many other friends have been invaluable as sources of support during the final stages of th~s project. I vi acknowledge the members of and programs offered by Werner Erhard and Associates for support and contributions to my effectiveness and ability to finish this project. Much of the field work was carried out while using facilities at the Centro de Estudios de Desiertrs y Oceanos (CEDO) in Puerto Penasco, Sonora, Mexico. To the director, Peggy Turk, and the others that have made CEDO a reality I am grateful. CEDO is an important scientific and cultural link between our countries as well as a peaceful and beautiful place to do field work. Andrea Addison-Sorey, Nick Yensen, D.A. Thomson, Rick Boyer, J.R. Hendrickson and Astrid and Jim Brown offered important editorial comments and no doubt-~mproved the readability and value of the dissertation. I wish to thank my fiancee, Judy Stahl, for putting up with my obsession and anxiety over this project. She has been a great support and often gave me back my perspective. Finally I acknowledge my parents who never failed to make me feel important, -intelligent and loved. They have always told me to do my best and that would be good enough. They have had unswerving confidence in me and have assisted me financially without hesitation during my years in college and graduate school. They set an example of excellence that I hope to follow throughout my entire life. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES •.•...•.•......•............•.....