о A N I s A T 1 0 A WORLD H E A I lQ D E L M 0 N D I A ri ORGANIZATIO SANTÉ INDEXED EXECUTIVE BOARD EB41/WP/2 23 January 1968 Forty-first Session (JimiJNAL ENGLISH Agenda item 3.2
办抑 uàt WHO RESEARCH PROGRAMME
The following information is submitted to the Executive Board at the request of its Standing Committee on Administration and Finance.
WHO activities in the field of medical research stem ti."川 Article 2 (n ) oí 1 ho Constitution, which established that one of the functions of WHO is "lo promoto and conciin.t research in the field of health11. The guiding principles for the promotion and conduct of research were established by the Second World Health Assembly, under resolution WHA2.19, Further elaboration of the principles and the objectives of WHO research actл vi ties are to be found in the relevant consecutive resolutions of tho Execut ive Board and t.ho World Ileal th Assembly.
In view of the above, WHO has been promoting and conducting research as part of its regular programme of activities, as included in the periodic programmos oÍ' work for sp The Intensified Programme In 1958 the World Health Assembly adopted a resolution (WHA丄1.35) requesting the Director-General to arrange for a special study of the role of WHO in research. In his report to the Twelfth World Health Assembly, the Director-General proposed a plan for an intensified programme of medical research based, on the above study. In its resolution WHA12.17, the World Health Assembly approved the proposed plan for the initial year 1960 and established an Advisory Committee on Medical research to provide the Director-General with the necessary scientific advice in relation to the research programme. Objectives of the WHO Intensified Programme of Medical Research The objectives of the programme as formulated by the advisory experts and adopted by the World Health Assembly are four-fold, namely: 12 The support of medical research 3 The provision of services for research 4 The training of research workers The improvement of communication between scientific workers 1• The support of medical research rests on three activities, namely : the Collaborative Research", the "Field Research Teams" and the "Grants to Individual Investigators". Collaborative research, which constitutes by far the largest single item in the WHO research programme, is based on the premise that some problems are better resolved by the co-operative efforts of workers in various countries, and under different ecologic condi- tions, The research projects are WHO-initiated, but they are contracted out to established institutions. The total number of such contracts active in 1967 was 608, out of which 172 were awarded for projects initiated in that year. (See Annex I.) The second activity under this heading is the conduct of research on special subjects of wide interest which could not be solved by the collaborative approach described above. They are, in essence, inter-regional activities - closely related to the WHO programme activities - and are conducted by WHO staff members• Ten such teams were in operation in 1967, 12 will be in operation in 1968 and 13 are envisaged for 1969. Grants to individual investigators are awarded to a number of scientists working on subjects of interest to WHO. Unlike the previous categories these are not WHO-initiated projects, but proposals from individual scientists. Although WHO is not primarily a granting institution, it was felt that this mechanism would promote research and encourage scientists who have no access to major funding organizations and would supply incentives to WHO research trainees. (See Annex II.) In relation to the other two activities mentioned above, this is of much lesser magnitude. 2. The provision of services for research. WHO facilitates the research efforts of the scientific community by providing certain services such as the reference centres and the reports of scientific groups, A reference centre is a national institution selected by WHO to perform certain activities of international value, such as standardization of techniques or reagents； the maintenance of reference strains of bacteria; the provision of special strains of laboratory animals; the standardization of nomenclature, etc. The WHO network of reference centres includes inter- national and. regional centres. These, in turn, are connected to a large number of national or collaborating centres. By the end of 1967, there were 83 International Reference Centres, connected with 61 regional and 282 collaborating centres or laboratories• (See Annex III.) A scientific group is an ad hoc group comprising a number of experts in a particular field. These groups are convened by the Director-General in order to review specific subjects from a purely scientific point of view, to identify gaps in knowledge, and to advise him on needs for further research. Although the reports of the scientific groups are restricted documents, some of them are found to be of general interest and are therefore published in the Technical Report Series• These publications are highly appreciated by the scientific community and are increasingly used as teaching material and as guidelines for the development of research programmes• During 1967, 14 scientific groups were held; 10 are foreseen for 1968 and 11 are proposed for 1969. 3. The training of research workers. One of the most effective measures for the promotion of research and the increase of the research potential of countries is to increase the number of persons qualified in research methodology. In order to attain this goal, WHO developed a programme designed to train research workers. This is in accordance with the Director- General 1 s report (Annex V, Official Records No. 95) approved by WHA12.17 and resolutions WHA13�6 4 and WHA15.52. The total number of trainees for the period 1961 to 1967 was 204. (See Annex IV.) 4. The improvement of communication between scientists. The WHO programme for the exchange of research workers is an important contribution to the promotion of scientist-to- scientist communication. Under this programme, a scientist from one country is enabled to visit scientists in other countries for periods of up to three months, thus facilitating personal contact and exchange of ideas. The total number of grants awarded for the period 1961 to 1967 was 232. (See Annex V.) Besides the above, WHO promotes a number of meetings, symposia and seminars which bring scientists together from various parts of the world. Information on research institutions, scientists and research projects is being gathered at WHO headquarters by the Biomedical Research Information Service. This Service, established in 1965, has already gathered a large quantity of information on cancer research, and is now l)agu 3 in the process of gathering information on other research fields. The information is made available to scientists and research institutions upon request. The above activities are in accordance with EB8.R34 confirmed hy WHA7.52. The Advisory Committee on Medical Research In accordance with WHA12.17, an advisory group was established under the name of Advisory Committee on Medical Research (ACMR). The group meets once a year, reviews the WHO research programme and advises the Director-General on research policy, priorities, as well as on the need for additional research in certain fields. The ACMR is composed of 18 members and a chairman. Members are normally appointed for periods of four years, and the chairman for periods of five years. The names of past nnd f)rosont members and chairmen are given in Annexes VI (a) and VI (b). Mechanisms and procedures for the selection of research subjects, institutions and grantees. In determining research priorities, the Director-General relies on the knowledge and experience of staff members, on report s from the fin Lei, on t ho recommendations of scientific groups and expert committees, and on the priorities as established by the Advisory Committee on Medical Research. The subjects selected by the Director-General are included in his programme and budget proposals for the consideration of the Executive Board and World Health Assembly. The technical units formulate specific proposals wi thin the approved programme and budget. The proposals include all elements, namely, the methodology of research, the names of the institution and the principal investigator, the probable duration of the contract and the annual WHO contributions. In formulating proposals, the technical units are assisted by consultants if necessary, and by the advice of scientific groups. In selecting the proposed institutions, the technical units are guided by advice from members of scientific groups, members of expert panels, visits to the institutions and consultation with the regional offices. The unit proposals are then studied by the unit of Research Co-ordination, which makes its recommendations to the Director-General. On approval by the Director-General, consultations are undertaken with the institution concerned and, when applicable, with the host government• The agreement is finally embodied in a research contract which sets terms and conditions, (Form No. 363.) The amounts awarded under these contracts are relatively small and cover only a part of the additional expenditure of the institution concerned, making the research project a true collaboration between WHO and the research institution. In the case of research grants (training grants, exchange of research workers, and grants to individual investigators), the initiative comes from the interested party whp applies to WHO on a special application form (form No. 336). The applicant is guided by explanatory booklets which set out the terms, conditions and procedures for application. The applications are processed and prepared for review by the unit of Fellowships and Training Grants, in the case of training and exchange applications, and by the unit of Research Co-ordination in the case of grants to individual investigators. The comments of interested staif members and regional offices are first obtained. In the case of research grants to individual investigators, comments are also requested from two independent referees from outside the Organization. The processed applications are reviewed by the Inter- Secretariat Grant Review Committee, which meets regularly three times a year. The Committee may seek additional expertise or advice before making its recommendations to the Director- General. Moral and ethical implications of medical research In view of the increasing concern of scientists and national administrations on the moral and ethical problems related to investigations on human subjects, the Director-General has established an inter-secretariat committee, operative as from 1968, in order to study and advise on the moral and ethical implications of all WHO-sponsored research. Mechanism of review of the WHO research programme At its annual meetings, the Advisory Committee on Medical Research reviews in depth the research programmes related to one or two subjects, and studies reports of scientific groups. A review of the whole programme is undertaken periodically. Thus, in 1963, the ACMR reviewed all the Organization's activities in the field of research for the years 1958-1963. This review was the basis of the report (1958-1963) submitted by the Director-General to the thirty-third session of the Executive Board and considered by the Seventeenth World Health Assembly (WHA17.36). The next comprehensive review is scheduled for 1969. WHO CONTRACTUAL RESEARCH Number of Active Contracts in 1967 (The numbers in brackets denote the contracts awarded for projects initiated in 1967) By subject and by geographical location of institutions i ' 1 Subject AFRO AMRO EMRO EURO SEARO WPRO Total J Malaria 18 (8) 2 4 (1) 34 (6) 3 2 (1) 63 (X6) - Tuberculosis 6 (1) 一 19 (3) 3 2 30 (4) Venereal Diseases and Treponematoses “ (2) - 16 (5) 1 - 22 (7) Bacterial Diseases (other than ТВ, VDT, PD, VIR, SE, VPH) 4 (1) 3 (2) - 10 (8) 7 (4) 6 (2) 30 (17) Parasitic Diseases (other than Malaria) Schistosomiasis 7 (2) 6 (4) 2 4 (1) 2 - 21 (7) Filarial Diseases ‘ Filariasis 1 1 - 1 - 7 (1) 10 (1) ‘ Onchocerciasis 5 2 (1) 1 (1) 4 (1) -. - 12 (3) Trypanosomiasis 3 1 - 7 (2) - - 11 (2) Leishmaniasis Helminthiasis Immunoparasitology Virus Diseases (other than Smallpox) Trachoma Other Smallpox Leprosy Veterinary Public Health Zoonoses (including Rabies) Food Hygiene Comparative Medicine Others 29 (5) 65 (17) 10 (6) 148 (43) 21 (6) 31 (7) 304 (84) Environmental Pollution - - - 4 (1) - - 4 (1) Community Water Supply - 均 - 5 (2) 1 - 6 (2) Environmental Biology - 1 - 4 - - 5 - 1 13 (3) 1 - 15 (3) • , ¡ Public Health Practice - - - 1 - 1 Health Laboratory Services • 1 - - 一 - 1 Organization of Medical Care - 2(1) - 5(1) - - 7 (2) - 3 (1) - 6 (1) - - 9 (2) Dental Health 1 3 (1) - 4 (2) 2 (1) 10 (4) Occupational Health - - 1 3 (1) 二 - 4 (1) Mental Health 1 2 (1) 7 (5) 1 1 12 (6) Nutrition 6 (3) 3 (1) 4 (1) 1 21 (7) 2 (1) 5 (1) Radiation Health ._ 3 1 8 - 12 Cancer 2 (1) 1 5 (2) 1 11 (3) 2 Cardiovascular Diseases 8 (2) 1 19 (5) 3 33 (8) i 1 (1) 5 (1) 24 (8) 7 (1) 50 (16) 9 (2) 8 (1) 103 (29) Immunology 3 3 (1) 2 21 (3) 2 3 34 (4) Human Reproduction 2 (2) 1 - 2 4 (4) - 9 (6) Human Genetics 1 3 (3) 6 (2) 1 (1) 1 (1) 17 (10) 5 (3) - Biological Standardization 1 (1) - 18 (2) - 19 (3) 11 (6) 5 (1) 5 (3) 47 (7) 7 (5) 4 (1) 79 (23) Pharmacology and Toxicology - 6 (4) - 10 (6) - - 16 (10) Vector Biology and Control 4 (1) 6 (1) - 1 9 (3) 一 - 19 (5) 1 Grand total 67 (21) 112 (32) 26 (11) I 317 (85) 41 (13) 45 (10) i 608 (172) Year No. of applications No. of applications received awarded 1961/64 84 24 1965 43 13 1966 110 32 1967 38 13 i Total 275 82 INDIVIDUAL GRANTS AWARDED BY REGION 1961-1967 Region 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 Total AFRO - - -, - 1 - - 1 AMRO - 1 4 1 3 8 丨 2 19 EMRO 1 - 1 1 - - - 丨 3 EURO 1 1 3 5 7 16 7 40 - - - - SEARO 一 3 1 4 WPRO 1 1 2 1 2 5 3 15 Total 3 3 10 8 13 32 13 82 INDIVIDUAL GRANTS AWARDED BY SUBJECT 1961-1967 Subject 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 Total Mental health - - - - 1 3 - 4 Nutrition - - 2 - - - 1 3 Immunology 一 一 1 一 - - 7 - 7 Vector Biology and control - - - - 1 3 2 6 Human repro- duction - - - - 3 6 - 9 Cancer - - 1 4 2 - 1 8 Occupational Health - - - - 1 1 - 2 Human Genetics 1 - 2 一 2 1 - 6 Parasitic diseases 1 2 2 一 - - 1 6 Cardiovascular Diseases - - 1 - 1 2 1 5 Venereal Diseases and Treponematoses - - - 1 - - 一 1 Bacterial Diseases - - - - 2 - 4 丨 6 Virus Diseases 1 1 1 - - 3 2 8 Radiation Health - - 一 一 - 1 一 1 Endocrinology - - 1 1 - 一 - 2 Nephrology - - - 1 - 1 - 2 Maternal and Child Health - - - - - 2 1 • 3 Bacteriological - - - - - 2 Standardization 一 2 Environmental Biology - - - 1 一 - - 1 Total 3 3 t 10 8 13 32 13 82 Centres Collaborating Total International Regional Africa 3 10 15 28 The Americas 24 11 72 107 South-East Asia 3 1 15 19 Europe 50 25 141 216 Eastern Mediterranean 2 3 6 1] Western Pacific 1 11 33 45 Total 83 61 282 426 WHO REFERENCE CENTRES AND COLLABORATING LABORATORIES: DISTRIBUTION BY SUBJECT Centres Subject Collaborating Total International Regional Virus Diseases 8 23 74 105 Bacterial Diseases 9 - 98 107 Venereal Diseases and Treponematoses 4 - - 4 Malaria 1 2 - 3 Parasitic Diseases 3 - - 3 Veterinary Public Health 5 22 5 32 Cancer 16 - 105 121 Aneamias 3 - - 3 Cardiovascular Diseases - 2 - 2 丨 Tuberculosis 2 - - 2 Vector Biology and Control 10 - - 10 Serum Reference Banks 1 2 - 3 Biomedical Sciences 14 7 - 21 Other Fields 7 3 - 10 j Total 83 61 282 426 I Subject Type AFRO AMRO EMRO EURO SEAR0 WPR0 Total VIRUS DISEASES - - Arboviruses IRC - 1 - 一 1 RRC 2 1 - 3 - 2 8 Coll ------ Enteroviruses IRC - 1 - - - - 1 RRC 1 - - 3 - 2 6 Coll ------ Influenza IRC - 1 - 1 - - 2 ------RRC 一 Coll 6 17 3 36 4 8 74 - - - Respiratory Diseases other IRC 1 1 一 2 than Influenza RRC 1 1 - 2 - 2 6 Coll ------ - - - - — Rickettsiosis IRC 一 一 RRC - 1 - - - - 1 Coll ------ Smallpox IRC - - - 一 - - - RRC - 1 - 1 - - 2 Coll ------ Trachoma IRC - 1 - - - - 1 RRC ------ Coll ------ - - - - Cell Cultures IRC 1 一 1 RRC ------ Coll ------BACTERIAL DISEASES Enteric Phage Typing IRC - 1 - 4 1 - 6 RRC ------Coll 1 15 1 39 6 5 67 Meningococcal Infections IRC - - - 1 - - 1 RRC ------ Coll ------ - - - Staphylococcus Phage Typing IRC 1 - 一 1 RRC ------Coll 1 5 - 20 2 3 31 Streptococcus Phage Typing IRC - - - 1 - - 1 RRC ------ Coll ------ - - - ENDEMIC TREPONEMATOSES IRC 2 一 2 4 AND VENEREAL INFECTIONS RRC ------ Coll 一 一 一 — 一 - 一 Subject Type AFRO AMRO EMRO EURO SEARO WPRO Total _ _ MALARIA IRC 一 1 一 一 1 - - RRC - 1 1 一 2 Coll ------PARASITIC DISEASES - - - - Bilharziasis IRC 1 一 1 RRC ------ Coll ------ Leishmaniasis IRC - - 1 - - - 1 RRC ------ Coll - - - 一 - - - - - - - Trypanosomiasis IRC 1 一 1 RRC ------ Coll ------VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH - - - - Brucellosis IRC 2 一 2 RRC 1 2 1 7 - 2 13 Coll 一 2 - 3 - - 5 Leptospirosis IRC ------ RRC - 1 1 4 - 2 8 ------Coll 一 Rabies IRC - 1 - 1 1 - 3 RRC - 1 - - - - 1 -‘ Coll ------ - CANCER IRC 一 4 10 1 1 16 ------RRC 一 Coll 7 33 2 43 3 17 105 ANAEMIAS IRC 1 1 1 - - - 3 RRC ------ Coll - - - - - 一 - ------CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IRC 一 RRC 1 1 - - - - 2 Coll ------ - - - TUBERCULOSIS IRC 一 2 一 2 RRC ------Cqll ------ VECTOR BIOLOGY AND CONTROL IRC 1 4 - 5 - - 10 RRC ------ - - - - - Coll 一 - - - - - SERUM REFERENCE BANKS IRC 1 一 1 RRC 1 - - 1 - - 2 — Coll 一 一 一 一 一 i 1 Subject Type AFRO AMRO EMRO EURO SEARO WPR0 Total BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Biological Standardization IRC - - - 4 - - 4 RRC ------ Coll - - - - - 一 一 Immunology IRC - - - 6 - - 6 RRC 1 2 - 2 - 5 Coll _ ------ Human Genetics IRC 2 - 1 - - 3 RRC 1 - 1 - - - 2 Coll - - - - - 一 - Blood Groups IRC - - - 1 - - 1 —• RRC - - - 一 - - i Coll - - - - - 一 ！ i OTHER FIELDS 1 » - 1 - - Antibiotics IRC 一 一 i 1 - - - - - I RRC 一 3 Coll 一 ------丨 - - - - Pharmaceuticals IRC - 1 1 - - - - - RRC - 一 — Coll 一 - - - - - 1 International Classification IRC - - - 2 - - 2 of Diseases RRC - - - - 一 - - Coll - - - 一 - - - Mental Health IRC - 1 - 1 - - 2 RRC 1 - - 1 - 1 3 Coll - - - - 一 - - Organization of Medical Care IRC 一 - - 1 - - 1 RRC ------一 Coll - - - 一 - - - IRC 3 24 2 50 3 1 83 Total RRC 10 11 3 25 1 1.1 61 Coll 15 72 6 141 15 33 282 IRC = International Reference Centre RRC 二 Regional Reference Centre Coll = Collaborating Centre or Laboratory No. of countries ！ Region of origin of 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 Total grantees AFRO 4 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 10 1 AMRO 7 2 2 1 1 5 3 4 17 EMRO 6 - 3 2 4 2 - 4 14 I EURO 19 5 9 8 17 26 25 16 106 SEARO 4 2 3 1 2 3 8 4 23 WPRO 7 1 - 8 6 5 3 9 32 Total 47 11 18 21 32 44 40 38 204 RESEARCH GRANTS FOR TRAINING IN 1967 BY SUBJECT Research Subject Training Grants Virus Diseases 10 Bacterial Diseases 2 Tuberculosis 2 Parasitic Diseases 1 Î Cancer 1 Maternal and Child Health 1 Human Genetics к Mental Health 2- Immunology 5竺 Radiation Health 2 Veterinary Public Health 1 Vector Biology and Control 2 Organization of Medical Care - Cardiovascular Diseases Pneumatology 1- Health Laboratory Services 2 Biological Standardization - Venereal Diseases & Treponematoses 1 Research Co-ordination - Pharmacology and Toxicology - Total 38 a —Two partly supported by the Government of Czechoslovakia• ~ One partly supported by the Government of Czechoslovakia. с 一 Two supported by the Swedish National Association against Heart and Chest Diseases. d —Supported by the Swedish National Association against Heart and Chest Diseases. No. of countries Region of origin of 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 Total grantees AFRO 9 3 3 5 6 4 1 1 23 AMRO 5 1 7 5 7 4 4 4 32 EMRO 4 2 2 4 5 3 2 3 21 EURO 17 7 14 15 20 19 25 20 120 SEARO 4 - 1 - 2 4 4 4 15 WPRO 5 1 2 5 3 4 - 6 21 Total 44 14 29 34 43 38 36 38 232 EXCHANGE OF RESEARCH WORKERS GRANTS IN 1967 BY SUBJECT Exchange of Research Subject Workers Grants Virus Diseases 5 Bacterial Diseases 2 Tuberculosis 5 Parasitic Diseases 1 Cancer 4 Maternal and Child Health - Human Genetics 1 Mental Health 1 Immunology 7 Radiation Health 一 Veterinary Public Health 2 Vector Biology and Control 2 Organization of Medical Care 2 Cardiovascular Diseases 2 Pneumatology - Health Laboratory Services - Biological Standardization 1 Venereal Diseases & Treponematoses 1 Research Co-ordination 1 Pharmacology and Toxicology 1 Total 38 ЕП41/WP/2 ANNEX VI (a) ANNEXE VI (a page 1 Chairman/Président Sir Max L. Rosenheim United Kingdom/ President í ' Royaume-Uni Royal College of Physicians London Members/Membres Professeur Daniel Bovet Italy/Italie Directeur Institut de Pharmacologie Université de Sassari Sassari Professeur Isaac T. Costero Mexico/Mexique Directeur du Département d ^natomie pathologique Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Mexico Sir John Eccles r Australia/Australie Institute for Biomeciical Research Chicago Dr Joseph Chike Edozien Nigeria Professor of Chemical Pathology Benin City Professeur Marcel Florkin Be1gium/Be1gique Université de Liège Laboratoire de Biochimie Liège Professeur B. N. Halpern France Professeur au Collège de France Membre de 1^Académie des Sciences Paris Professor Niels К. Jerne Denmark/Danemark Director and Paul-Ehrlich Institute United Kingdom/ Frankfurt-am~Main Royaume-Uni _• Il Annex VI (a) Annexe VI (a) page 2 Professeur W. Kurylowicz Poland/Pologne Directeur Général Institut national d fHygiène Varsovie 12 Professeur A. M. Lwoff France Chef du Service de Physiologie microbienne Institut Pasteur Paris Professor S. R. Mardasev USSR/URSS Vice-President Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Chief, Chair of Biochemistry First Moscow Medical Institute Moscow Professor Ch. Mofidi Iran Director Institute of Public Health Research Dean, School of Public Health Teheran Sir Alan S. Parkes United Kingdom/ Physiological Laboratory Royaume-Uni University of Cambridge Cambridge Professeur Marcel Roche Venezuela Directeur Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas Caracas Professor Т. В. Turner United States of Professor of Microbiology and America/Etats-Unis Dean of the Medical Faculty d'Amérique The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Professor P. N. Wahi India/Inde Head of the Department of Pathology Sardjini Naidu Medical College Agra EB41/WP/2 Annex VI (a) ,Annexe VI (a) page 3 Professor Thomas Weller United States of Richard Pearson Strong Professor of Tropical America/Etats-Unis Public Health d'Amérique Chairman of the Department of Tropical Public Health Harvard University Boston V Professor V. M Zdanov USSR/URSS Director The Ivanovsky Institute of Virology USSR Academy of Medical Sciences Moscow EB41/WP/2 ANNEX VI (b) ANNEXE VI (b) Name/Nom Country/Pays Term of Office/Mandat ADLER, Professor g.— Israel 1962 - 1966 BARRY WOOD, Dr W. — USA 1963 - 1966 Van den BERGHE, Professor L. Be1gium/Belgique 1959 - 1961 BEST, Professor С. H. — Canada 1963 - 1966 BIER, Professor 0. [ Brazi1/Brési1 1963 - 1966 BIERNACKI, Professor A Poland/Pologne 1962 - 1965 BLOHIN, Professor N. N. USSR/URSS 1962 - 1965 BRADFORD HILL, Sir Austin United Kingdom/Royaume Uni 1959 - 1962 BUGNARD, Professor L. France 1959 — 1963 BURNET, Sir Macfarlane Australia/Australie 1959 - 1963 CHAGAS, Professor C. Brazi1/Brési1 1959 - 1962 CHARVAT, Professor J. Czechoslovak!a/Tchéslovaqui e 1959 一 1961 CHAVEZ, Professor I. Mexico/Mexique 1959 - 1961 CHIARI, Professor H. Austria/Autriche 1959 - 1961 COURRIER, Professor R. France 1962 - 1967 (Chairman/Président 1964-1967) DOLL, Dr W. R. S. United Kingdom/Royaume Uni 1963 1966 ERMOI/EVA, Professor Z. USSR/URSS 1959 1961 HAMPERL, Professor H. Federal Republic of Germany/ 1962 1965 République fédérale allemande HEYMANS, Professor C. Be1gium/Belgique 1959 1962 HIMSWORTH, Sir Harold United Kingdom/Royaume Uni 1959 1963 HOUSSAY, Professor B. A. Argentina/Argentine 1962 1965 KHANOLKAR, Professor V. R. India/Inde 1959 1963 LEWIS, Sir Aubrey J. United Kingdom/Royaume Uni 1964 1967 LACASSAGNE, Professor A. France 1959 1961 LOEB, Professor R. F. USA 1959 1962 LÓFFLER, Professor W. Switzerland/Suisse 1959 1961 MANUWA, Sir Samuel Nigeria 1962 1965 McDERMOTT, Professor W. USA 1964 1967 PURANANANDA, Dr С. Thailand/Thaîlande 1964 1967 REXED, Professor B. Sweden/Suède 1964 1967 RUSZNYAK, Professor I. Hungary/Hongrie 1964 1965 SERGIEV, Professor P. G. USSR/URSS 1959 1963 SHANNON, Dr. J. A. USA 1959 1963 VARTIAINEN, Professor A. Fini and/Fi n 1 and e 1963 1966 WALLGREN, Professor A. J. Sweden/Suède 1959 1963 (Chairraan/Président 1959-1963) WOLMAN, Professor A. United States of America 1965 - 1966 —Deceased 1966/décédé en 1966. —Resigned 1964/démi s s i onné en 1964. —Resigned 1965/démissionné en 1965, -Deceased 1963/décédé en 1963.