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W O R L D H E a I ORGANIZATIO EXECUTIVE BOARD Forty-First о A N I s A T 1 0 A WORLD H E A I lQ D E L M 0 N D I A ri ORGANIZATIO SANTÉ INDEXED EXECUTIVE BOARD EB41/WP/2 23 January 1968 Forty-first Session (JimiJNAL ENGLISH Agenda item 3.2 办抑 uàt WHO RESEARCH PROGRAMME The following information is submitted to the Executive Board at the request of its Standing Committee on Administration and Finance. WHO activities in the field of medical research stem ti."川 Article 2 (n ) oí 1 ho Constitution, which established that one of the functions of WHO is "lo promoto and conciin.t research in the field of health11. The guiding principles for the promotion and conduct of research were established by the Second World Health Assembly, under resolution WHA2.19, Further elaboration of the principles and the objectives of WHO research actл vi ties are to be found in the relevant consecutive resolutions of tho Execut ive Board and t.ho World Ileal th Assembly. In view of the above, WHO has been promoting and conducting research as part of its regular programme of activities, as included in the periodic programmos oÍ' work for sp<M： i f ic periods (EB13.R78 and WHA7.52). The Intensified Programme In 1958 the World Health Assembly adopted a resolution (WHA丄1.35) requesting the Director-General to arrange for a special study of the role of WHO in research. In his report to the Twelfth World Health Assembly, the Director-General proposed a plan for an intensified programme of medical research based, on the above study. In its resolution WHA12.17, the World Health Assembly approved the proposed plan for the initial year 1960 and established an Advisory Committee on Medical research to provide the Director-General with the necessary scientific advice in relation to the research programme. Objectives of the WHO Intensified Programme of Medical Research The objectives of the programme as formulated by the advisory experts and adopted by the World Health Assembly are four-fold, namely: 12 The support of medical research 3 The provision of services for research 4 The training of research workers The improvement of communication between scientific workers 1• The support of medical research rests on three activities, namely : the Collaborative Research", the "Field Research Teams" and the "Grants to Individual Investigators". Collaborative research, which constitutes by far the largest single item in the WHO research programme, is based on the premise that some problems are better resolved by the co-operative efforts of workers in various countries, and under different ecologic condi- tions, The research projects are WHO-initiated, but they are contracted out to established institutions. The total number of such contracts active in 1967 was 608, out of which 172 were awarded for projects initiated in that year. (See Annex I.) The second activity under this heading is the conduct of research on special subjects of wide interest which could not be solved by the collaborative approach described above. They are, in essence, inter-regional activities - closely related to the WHO programme activities - and are conducted by WHO staff members• Ten such teams were in operation in 1967, 12 will be in operation in 1968 and 13 are envisaged for 1969. Grants to individual investigators are awarded to a number of scientists working on subjects of interest to WHO. Unlike the previous categories these are not WHO-initiated projects, but proposals from individual scientists. Although WHO is not primarily a granting institution, it was felt that this mechanism would promote research and encourage scientists who have no access to major funding organizations and would supply incentives to WHO research trainees. (See Annex II.) In relation to the other two activities mentioned above, this is of much lesser magnitude. 2. The provision of services for research. WHO facilitates the research efforts of the scientific community by providing certain services such as the reference centres and the reports of scientific groups, A reference centre is a national institution selected by WHO to perform certain activities of international value, such as standardization of techniques or reagents； the maintenance of reference strains of bacteria; the provision of special strains of laboratory animals; the standardization of nomenclature, etc. The WHO network of reference centres includes inter- national and. regional centres. These, in turn, are connected to a large number of national or collaborating centres. By the end of 1967, there were 83 International Reference Centres, connected with 61 regional and 282 collaborating centres or laboratories• (See Annex III.) A scientific group is an ad hoc group comprising a number of experts in a particular field. These groups are convened by the Director-General in order to review specific subjects from a purely scientific point of view, to identify gaps in knowledge, and to advise him on needs for further research. Although the reports of the scientific groups are restricted documents, some of them are found to be of general interest and are therefore published in the Technical Report Series• These publications are highly appreciated by the scientific community and are increasingly used as teaching material and as guidelines for the development of research programmes• During 1967, 14 scientific groups were held; 10 are foreseen for 1968 and 11 are proposed for 1969. 3. The training of research workers. One of the most effective measures for the promotion of research and the increase of the research potential of countries is to increase the number of persons qualified in research methodology. In order to attain this goal, WHO developed a programme designed to train research workers. This is in accordance with the Director- General 1 s report (Annex V, Official Records No. 95) approved by WHA12.17 and resolutions WHA13�64 and WHA15.52. The total number of trainees for the period 1961 to 1967 was 204. (See Annex IV.) 4. The improvement of communication between scientists. The WHO programme for the exchange of research workers is an important contribution to the promotion of scientist-to- scientist communication. Under this programme, a scientist from one country is enabled to visit scientists in other countries for periods of up to three months, thus facilitating personal contact and exchange of ideas. The total number of grants awarded for the period 1961 to 1967 was 232. (See Annex V.) Besides the above, WHO promotes a number of meetings, symposia and seminars which bring scientists together from various parts of the world. Information on research institutions, scientists and research projects is being gathered at WHO headquarters by the Biomedical Research Information Service. This Service, established in 1965, has already gathered a large quantity of information on cancer research, and is now l)agu 3 in the process of gathering information on other research fields. The information is made available to scientists and research institutions upon request. The above activities are in accordance with EB8.R34 confirmed hy WHA7.52. The Advisory Committee on Medical Research In accordance with WHA12.17, an advisory group was established under the name of Advisory Committee on Medical Research (ACMR). The group meets once a year, reviews the WHO research programme and advises the Director-General on research policy, priorities, as well as on the need for additional research in certain fields. The ACMR is composed of 18 members and a chairman. Members are normally appointed for periods of four years, and the chairman for periods of five years. The names of past nnd f)rosont members and chairmen are given in Annexes VI (a) and VI (b). Mechanisms and procedures for the selection of research subjects, institutions and grantees. In determining research priorities, the Director-General relies on the knowledge and experience of staff members, on report s from the fin Lei, on t ho recommendations of scientific groups and expert committees, and on the priorities as established by the Advisory Committee on Medical Research. The subjects selected by the Director-General are included in his programme and budget proposals for the consideration of the Executive Board and World Health Assembly. The technical units formulate specific proposals wi thin the approved programme and budget. The proposals include all elements, namely, the methodology of research, the names of the institution and the principal investigator, the probable duration of the contract and the annual WHO contributions. In formulating proposals, the technical units are assisted by consultants if necessary, and by the advice of scientific groups. In selecting the proposed institutions, the technical units are guided by advice from members of scientific groups, members of expert panels, visits to the institutions and consultation with the regional offices. The unit proposals are then studied by the unit of Research Co-ordination, which makes its recommendations to the Director-General. On approval by the Director-General, consultations are undertaken with the institution concerned and, when applicable, with the host government• The agreement is finally embodied in a research contract which sets terms and conditions, (Form No. 363.) The amounts awarded under these contracts are relatively small and cover only a part of the additional expenditure of the institution concerned, making the research project a true collaboration between WHO and the research institution. In the case of research grants (training grants, exchange of research workers, and grants to individual investigators), the initiative comes from the interested party whp applies to WHO on a special application form (form No. 336). The applicant is guided by explanatory booklets which set out the terms, conditions and procedures for application. The applications are processed and prepared for review by the unit of Fellowships and Training Grants, in the case of training and exchange applications, and by the unit of Research Co-ordination in the case of grants to individual investigators.
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