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The Social Lives of Medieval Romance

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The Social Lives of Medieval Romance University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2016 Luxury, Aesthetics And Politics: The Social Lives Of Medieval Romance Lydia Yaitsky Kertz University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Aesthetics Commons, Medieval Studies Commons, and the Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons Recommended Citation Kertz, Lydia Yaitsky, "Luxury, Aesthetics And Politics: The Social Lives Of Medieval Romance" (2016). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2385. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2385 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2385 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Luxury, Aesthetics And Politics: The Social Lives Of Medieval Romance Abstract This dissertation project traces a cultural reception of the romance genre in England and France in the late fourteenth century. In compiling lengthy descriptions of courtly trappings, medieval romances serve as vehicles for idealized aristocratic self-presentation and thereby become complicit in associating material luxury with aristocratic power. I argue that while the changes in material technologies of medieval textual production break down the exclusivity of romance by opening the texts to wider reading publics, the positive representations of luxury in verbal ornament and visual programs of narrative art objects continue the perpetuation of aristocratic privilege. Chapter One examines the Shield of Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and the Trojan image-texts in Chaucer’s House of Fame as imitatio of Virgilian ekphrases, theorizing medieval understanding of a Greek poetic device. Chapter Two analyzes the Tryst beneath the Tree episode from Tristan and Isolde as it is rendered on fourteenth-century Parisian ivory caskets, situating the composition within the larger visual program that teaches aristocratic women about heterosexual desire through a negotiation of sight and touch. Chapter Three reads Pearl as a romance-adjacent text and a material object, identifying an emotional community within which the positive vocabulary of aristocratic luxury is deployed as a vehicle for communicating intricate feelings of loss, and where salvation becomes the ultimate aesthetic experience. The dissertation culminates with Chapter Four, which examines Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde and the Breton lay Emar� as texts that thematize a romance encounter and invite the associative reading of romance. By attending to the surface pleasures of romance within these seemingly disparate texts, this dissertation locates the genre’s unique aesthetic—a preoccupation with surfaces, conventions, and the boundaries of the perceptible and the experiential. As such, this project intervenes in the growing field of medieval aesthetics. As a feature of both its internal worlds and its physical media, luxury gives us a sense of how romance mediates the aesthetic encounter, while constructing aristocratic ideals and celebrating earthly pleasures. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group English First Advisor David J. Wallace Keywords Chaucer, ekphrasis, Emare, Gawain-poet, romance, Tristan Subject Categories Aesthetics | Medieval Studies | Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2385 LUXURY, AESTHETICS AND POLITICS: THE SOCIAL LIVES OF MEDIEVAL ROMANCE Lydia Yaitsky Kertz A DISSERTATION in English Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2016 Supervisor of Dissertation ________________________ David J. Wallace Judith Rodin Professor of English Graduate Group Chairperson ________________________ David L. Eng, Richard L. Fisher Professor of English Dissertation Committee Rita Copeland, Sheli Z. and Burton X. Rosenberg Professor of the Humanities, Professor of Classical Studies, English, and Comparative Literature Emily Steiner, Professor of English Kevin Brownlee, Professor of Romance Languages LUXURY, AESTHETICS AND POLITICS: THE SOCIAL LIVES OF MEDIEVAL ROMANCE COPYRIGHT 2016 Lydia Yaitsky Kertz This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ iii For my grandmother, Bella Dynkina, who has inspired in me a love of learning, may your memory be for a blessing. For my husband and son, who remind me daily what it means to love. For my parents, who know all too well the meaning of sacrifice. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project would not have been possible without the generous support of mentors, friends, family, and colleagues. I could not have asked for a more steadfast supporter and advocate than David Wallace, who has helped me expand my scholarly interests beyond the Tristan legend. Wherever I saw obstacles, David was ready to point out possibilities and merit. Rita Copeland has shaped this project more than she realizes. The countless hours we have spent in discussing ekphrasis and medieval rhetoric have been invaluable to the development of theories on descriptive practices in medieval romances. Emily Steiner has always challenged me to think bigger, and the ambitious scope of this project would not have been possible without her encouragement. Kevin Brownlee has shared with me his enthusiasm for French romance. This enthusiasm rubbed off and at times threatened to overwhelm the English core of this project. I have been fortunate to encounter mentors beyond my dissertation committee. Jennifer Borland introduced me to the world of medieval art history, and I am very surprised I have not switched concentrations. The groundbreaking work of the Material Collective has provided me with additional models of what truly interdisciplinary work can achieve. David Johnson nurtured my fascination with Arthurian literature and transformed it into a scholarly endeavor. Elaine Treharne fostered a love of manuscripts as material objects at a point in my graduate career before I even had a chance to handle one. Nancy Warren introduced me to Pearl, a poem that has transformed the way I think about medieval literature and material culture. To my undergraduate advisors, John Bugge and Stephen White, thank you for your patience. v The archival research for this project was generously supported by the School of Arts and Sciences Dissertation Research Fellowship, Dalglish Chew Graduate Research Fellowship, and the Graduate and Professional Student Association Summer Travel Grants. Much needed input on many of the chapters I received from professional colleagues at several International Congresses on Medieval Studies at Kalamazoo, at the Romance in Medieval Britain Conference, at the New Chaucer Society Conference, and at the International Arthurian Congress. The members of the Penn Medieval-Renaissance Seminar and Medievalists@Penn reading group have provided me with an invaluable intellectual community. At Kalamazoo, they refer to us as the ‘Penn contingent’, and I have to say that Penn love is real. I am particularly grateful to Courtney Rydel, Jacqueline Burek, Marie Turner, and Alan Niles, for reading and discussing my work in various stages of ‘completion’. Additionally, Bronwyn Wallace, CJ Jones, Claire Bourne, Kara Gaston, Tekla Bude, Megan Cook, Sierra Lomuto, Alex Devine, Liza Strakhov, and Diane Mitchell, thank you for leading by example and teaching me how to be a good colleague. I have been fortunate to share this journey with tremendously brilliant cohort-mates: Kelly Rich, Monika Bhagat-Kennedy, Alan Niles, and Alex Devine, I could not have asked for a better fellowship. To my academic support group, Tara Mendola, Emily Rendek, Courtney Rydel, LuElla D’Amico, CJ Jones, and Anne Bornschein, I owe the fact that this dissertation was completed on time. You helped me stay on top of self-imposed deadlines, read drafts, provided a safe space to vent frustrations, and kept me going! To my family, I am beyond grateful for your love and support, which have sustained me throughout this process. vi ABSTRACT LUXURY, AESTHETICS AND POLITICS: THE SOCIAL LIVES OF MEDIEVAL ROMANCE Lydia Yaitsky Kertz David J. Wallace This dissertation project traces a cultural reception of the romance genre in England and France in the late fourteenth century. In compiling lengthy descriptions of courtly trappings, medieval romances serve as vehicles for idealized aristocratic self-presentation and thereby become complicit in associating material luxury with aristocratic power. I argue that while the changes in material technologies of medieval textual production break down the exclusivity of romance by opening the texts to wider reading publics, the positive representations of luxury in verbal ornament and visual programs of narrative art objects continue the perpetuation of aristocratic privilege. Chapter One examines the Shield of Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and the Trojan image-texts in Chaucer’s House of Fame as imitatio of Virgilian ekphrases, theorizing medieval understanding of a Greek poetic device. Chapter Two analyzes the Tryst beneath the Tree episode from Tristan and Isolde as it is rendered on fourteenth-century Parisian ivory caskets, situating the composition within the larger visual program that teaches aristocratic women about
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