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Dravidian Languages

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Dravidian Languages ÍNDICE DE LENGUAS AUSTROASIÁTICAS 203 132. Índice de lenguas austroasiáticas A continuación se incluye una lista alfabética de todas las lenguas pertenecientes al phylum austroasiático, entendido como una macroagrupación lingüística vernácula del sur de Asia integrada por las familias munda, mon-jemer y hmong-mien y cuatro lenguas independientes de la Península Índica (nihalí, buruchasquí, kusunda y shompen) que, pese a no poseer una relación filogenética demostrada con ninguna otra agrupación de su entorno geográfico, han sido relacionadas en mayor o menor medida por la lingüística moderna con las anteriores familias. GRÁFICO 29. Distribución geográfica de las lenguas austroasiáticas en el mundo La entrada léxica (en negrita) corresponde al nombre en español de la lengua austroasiática (las formas alternativas y las variantes ortográficas, si las hubiere, se mencionan entre paréntesis). Dentro de cada una, se ofrece la siguiente información básica ordenada: ① nombre inglés; ② nombre original (endónimo); ③ dialectos principales; ④ filiación lingüística completa; ⑤ territorio (países) y estatus (º idioma nacional, ¹ idioma oficial, # idioma minoritario, † idioma extinto, + dialecto); ⑥ número de hablantes nativos-activos; ⑦ sistema de escritura; ⑧ tipología sintáctica; ⑨ breve descripción (el signo ☛ a continuación indica que la lengua posee una entrada propia en el índice general del libro, en la que se amplía la información, o remite a una descripción general dentro de su agrupación lingüística). a-hmao (miao de Yunnan nororiental, gran miao floral) ① A-Hmao ② / ad hmaob / 大花苗语 ③ ― ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia hmong-mien / rama hmong / grupo occidental ⑤ China# ⑥ 300.000 ⑦ Pollard / RPA / chino ⑧ S-V- O ⑨ lengua hmong hablada por un pueblo miao que habita en la región fronteriza entre el noreste de la provincia china de Yunnan y el noroeste de Guizhou. ☛ alak (harak, hrlak) ① Alak ② ອາລັ ກ ③ ― ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia mon-jemer / rama oriental / grupo banárico / subgrupo central ⑤ Laos# ⑥ 4.000 ⑦ laosiano ⑧ S-V-O ⑨ variedad mon-jemer minoritaria hablada en el sur de Laos. ☛ arem ① Arem ② cmbrau ③ tu-vang, pa-leng, xe-lang, tơ-hung, cha-cú, tắc cực, nhà chút ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia mon-jemer / rama oriental / grupo viético ⑤ Vietnam#, Laos# ⑥ 40 ⑦ latino ⑧ S-V-O ⑨ variedad mon-jemer minoritaria hablada en la región fronteriza entre Vietnam central y Laos. ☛ asuri ① Asuri ② असुरी ③ majhwar, agaria ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia munda / rama septentrional / grupo kervari ⑤ India# ⑥ 42.000 ⑦ devanāgarī ⑧ S-O-V ⑨ variedad munda minoritaria hablada en la región fronteriza entre el oeste del estado indio de Jharkhand, el norte de Chhattisgarh y el sureste de Uttar Pradesh. ☛ banarés ① Bahnar ② ba na ③ gơ lar, kon tum, bơ nâm, roh, kon kđe, ala công, tơ lộ, rơ ngao, krem, jơ lơng, kpăng công ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia mon-jemer / rama oriental / grupo banárico / subgrupo central ⑤ Vietnam# ⑥ 160.000 ⑦ latino ⑧ S-V-O ⑨ lengua mon-jemer hablada en la región central de Vietnam. ☛ batek (bateg) ① Batek ② batek ③ tèq, iga, dèq, nong ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia mon-jemer / rama meridional / grupo áslico / subgrupo jahaico ⑤ Malasia# ⑥ 1.000 ⑦ latino ⑧ S-V-O ⑨ variedad mon-jemer minoritaria hablada en la región centro-septentrional de la península de Malasia. ☛ besisi (mah meri) ① Mah Meri ② mah meri ③ betiseq, sisiq ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia mon-jemer / rama meridional / grupo áslico / subgrupo semelaico ⑤ Malasia# ⑥ 3.000 ⑦ latino ⑧ S-V-O ⑨ lengua mon-jemer hablada en la costa suroccidental de la península de Malasia. ☛ 204 ÍNDICE DE LENGUAS AUSTROASIÁTICAS bhoi (bhoi khasi) ① Bhoi ② bhoi ③ karew, nonglung ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia mon-jemer / rama septentrional / grupo jásico ⑤ India# ⑥ 140.000 ⑦ latino ⑧ S-V-O / V-S-O ⑨ lengua mon-jemer próxima al jasi hablada en el norte del estado indio de Meghalaya. ☛ biao min (biao-jiao mien) ① Biao Min ② biao min / 标敏方言 ③ dongshan (biao min), shikou (jiaogong), niuweizhai (moxi) ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia hmong-mien / rama mien ⑤ China# ⑥ 43.000 ⑦ latino / chino ⑧ S-V-O ⑨ continuo dialectal mien hablado en una región del sureste de China fronteriza entre el sur de la provincia de Hunan y el noreste de Guangxi. ☛ biao mon (changping) ① Biao Mon ② biao mon / 格曼语 ③ ― ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia hmong-mien / rama mien ⑤ China# ⑥ 20.000 ⑦ latino / chino ⑧ S-V-O ⑨ lengua mien del sureste de China hablada en el extremo oriental de la Región Autónoma de Guangxi. ☛ bírhor ① Birhor ② बिरहोर ③ ― ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia munda / rama septentrional / grupo kervari ⑤ India# ⑥ 2.000 ⑦ devanāgarī ⑧ S-O-V ⑨ variedad munda minoritaria del noreste de la India hablada en el estado de Jharkhand. ☛ bit (khabit) ① Bit ② ິບຕ ③ laubit, buxing ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia mon-jemer / rama septentrional / grupo jemuico ⑤ Laos#, China# ⑥ 2.200 ⑦ laosiano / chino ⑧ S-V-O ⑨ variedad mon-jemer minoritaria hablada en el norte de Laos y en la región fronteriza de la provincia china de Yunnan. ☛ biyori (birjia, binjhia, koranti) ① Bijori ② बिरजिया ③ ― ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia munda / rama septentrional / grupo kervari ⑤ India# ⑥ 25.000 ⑦ devanāgarī ⑧ S-O-V ⑨ variedad munda minoritaria hablada por una tribu del pueblo asur en los estados indios nororientales de Jharkhand (distritos de Ranchi y Lohardaga) y Bengala Occidental (distritos de Jalpaiguri y Darjeeling). ☛ (familia munda) blang ① Blang ② 布朗语 / blang ③ bulang, awa, kem degne, phang, samtau ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia mon-jemer / rama septentrional / grupo paláungico / subgrupo waico ⑤ China#, Birmania#, Tailandia# ⑥ 68.000 ⑦ chino / latino ⑧ S- V-O ⑨ lengua mon-jemer del suroeste de la provincia china de Yunnan. ☛ bonda (bondo, remo) ① Bonda ② ବ ୋବଡୋ ③ bonda de las colinas, bonda de la meseta ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia munda / rama meridional / grupo koraput ⑤ India# ⑥ 9.000 ⑦ oriya ⑧ S-O-V ⑨ variedad munda minoritaria hablada en el suroeste del estado indio de Odisha. ☛ brao ① Brao ② ព្រៅ / ເບົຣາ ③ laveh, kru'ng, kavet ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia mon-jemer / rama oriental / grupo banárico / subgrupo occidental ⑤ Camboya#, Laos# ⑥ 59.000 ⑦ jemer / laosiano ⑧ S-V-O ⑨ continuo dialectal mon-jemer hablado en la región fronteriza entre el noreste de Camboya y el sur de Laos. ☛ bru ① Bru ② ບຣູ / บรู / bru ③ sô (bruu, katang), tri (mangkong, leu), khua (vân kiêu, galler) ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia mon-jemer / rama oriental / grupo kátuico / subgrupo occidental ⑤ Laos#, Tailandia#, Vietnam# ⑥ 160.000 ⑦ laosiano / tai / latino ⑧ S-V-O ⑨ continuo dialectal mon-jemer hablado en la región centro-meridional de Laos y en territorios limítrofes de Tailandia y Vietnam. ☛ bugan (pakan) ① Bugan ② 布甘语 ③ ― ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia mon-jemer / rama septentrional / grupo pakánico ⑤ China# ⑥ 2.700 ⑦ chino ⑧ S-V-O ⑨ variedad mon-jemer minoritaria hablada en el sureste de la provincia china de Yunnan. ☛ bumang (manzhang dai) ① Bumang ② 布芒语 ③ ― ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia mon-jemer / rama septentrional / grupo jemuico ⑤ China# ⑥ 300 ⑦ chino ⑧ S-V-O ⑨ variedad mon-jemer minoritaria hablada en el sur de la provincia china de Yunnan. ☛ bunu ① Bu-Nao ② buod nuox / 布努语 ③ nunu, dongnu, bunuo, baonao, numao ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia hmong- mien / rama hmong / grupo occidental ⑤ China# ⑥ 390.000 ⑦ latino / chino ⑧ S-V-O ⑨ continuo dialectal hmong hablado en la región fronteriza entre las provincias chinas de Guangxi, Yunnan y Guizhou. ☛ ,#hunza, nagar, yasin ④ macrofamilia austroasiática ⑤ Pakistán ③ بروشسکی / buruchasquí (buršaski) ① Burushaski ② burúśaskí India# ⑥ 87.000 ⑦ urdú / latino ⑧ S-O-V ⑨ lengua independiente del noreste de Pakistán hablada en una región de Cachemira fronteriza con la India. ☛ car ① Car ② pu ③ ― ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia mon-jemer / rama meridional / grupo nicobárico ⑤ India# ⑥ 37.000 ⑦ latino ⑧ V-O-S ⑨ lengua mon-jemer divergente hablada en Car Nicobar, la isla más septentrional del archipiélago indio de Nicobar. ☛ chaura (choura, sanenya) ① Chaura ② tutet ③ ― ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia mon-jemer / rama meridional / grupo nicobárico ⑤ India# ⑥ 2.000 ⑦ latino ⑧ V-O-S ⑨ variedad mon-jemer minoritaria hablada en la isla de Chowra, situada en el sur del archipiélago indio de Nicobar. ☛ (familia mon-jemer) chewong (cheq wong) ① Chewong ② ceq wong ③ ― ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia mon-jemer / rama meridional / grupo áslico / subgrupo jahaico ⑤ Malasia# ⑥ 460 ⑦ latino ⑧ S-V-O ⑨ variedad mon-jemer minoritaria hablada en la región central de la península de Malasia. ☛ chong (chawang) ① Chong ② ชอง / ជង ③ chong occidental (chong heep, chong loo, wang kraphrae, khlong phlu), chong central (samre, chong, kasong), chong meridional (chung, souy, sa'och), chong septentrional (somray, somre) ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia mon-jemer / rama oriental / grupo peárico ⑤ Camboya#, Tailandia# ⑥ 5.500 ⑦ tai / jemer ⑧ S-V-O ⑨ continuo dialectal mon-jemer hablado en el oeste de Camboya y en la región fronteriza del sureste de Tailandia. ☛ chong'anjiang (miao del río Zhong'an) ① Chong'anjiang Miao ② mhong / 重安江苗语 ③ gejia, dongjia ④ macrofamilia austroasiática / familia hmong-mien / rama hmong / grupo occidental ⑤ China# ⑥ 60.000 ⑦ latino / chino ⑧ S-V-O ⑨ lengua hmong hablada en la región central de la provincia china de Guizhou. ☛ chrau (chơ ro) ① Chrau ② chrau ③ chalah, chalun, dor, jro, mro,
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