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Nine Virtues of the Yakama Nation

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Nine Virtues of the Yakama Nation Nine Virtues of the Yakama Nation IncorporatingNative Values into Education Levina Wilkins (Yakama) N 1997, LEVI NA Wilkins, a school Levina presented these virtues and dis- counselor in the Mount Adams School cussed their importance in the daily lives of District in Washington State and a students in her community at the Indigenous Yakama elder, was asked by the district to make a Ways of Knowing conference in Portland, "cultural contribution" to her school's nine- Oregon, in November 2007. She also discussed month calendar. In collaboration with the AP, her memories and knowledge of the importance y#at TUn Native Youth Club ("the beautiful of children and learning to her people. Her for educa- people"), she and her students decided to share a thoughts provide important insights as they approach the "virtue" for each month of the school year. The tors of all stripes to consider school was approximately 8o% Native, and the delicate task of teaching human beings how to Native Youth Club often produced perfor- live and thrive in.the company of others. mances to raise cultural awareness among Thoughts on Teaching students. The calendar seemed like one more that way for the group to reach out to the larger Our people of a long time ago were taught school community. In the end, though, it was when a child is born, that newborn is sacred. The as the students in the club that put the virtues to teaching was that all the children are sacred, the test and used them as the scaffolding of a well as the women of the Nation. I believe rich support system for helping one another strongly in history andj listened closely to my overcome hardship. grandmothers and my elders when I was little. In the Yakama Nation, virtues (there are and many more than nine, as Levina is quick to We have within our communities elders remindyou) are taught to children by elders, parents who speak in the dialect, who will ask a parents, and extended families. They are taught on a daily basis, as children grow into adulthood. Virtues are living habits, practiced and reflected LEVINA WILKINS was raised and educated upon every day and incorporated into the fabric traditionally (tTinawit), speaking only Sahaptin. of life. But many of Levina's students had missed Her tribes and bands include Wiinatchapam, X'washx'wypam. out on that traditional education because their Pshwanapam, Tytnapam, and parents or grandparents were absent or had lost Her formal education (pashtinmami)includes a in their way. The A ya#at TUn students instead master's degree in education and a bachelor's taught these virtues to one another, absorbing sociology/psychology. She is certified as a their lessons and applying them to life in the counselor in Washington State and is the manager classroom and beyond. of the Yakama Nation's Language Program. TEACHER FILES 29 child to do something and say"nye" at the end. A would leave, the children, a lot of them, would lot of people interpret that as "please," but what cry. They were losing their grandmother. A lot of you're really doing is asking permission from the them went so far as to try to manipulate me into young person-would they do this? Can you staying [laughing]. But it's sad. Our teachers, our have their permission to do this chore? And if educators, need to be aware of our problems, they respond with, "Oh, iT"they're giving you what our children need to be learning. Who can permission to ask them to do that. The children they go to, to talk to? We need more teachers, we were never commanded or ordered; permission need more counselors, we need more speakers. was always asked for, and if it was answered with We need to regain our self-identity. a polite "I7"' and the youngster went and did the chore, all was well. This is a very important The Nine Virtues unwritten law: "Respect the child and respect The goal of the nine virtues was to start the will be given back to the elder or parent." By students thinking of their heritage, versus their working with this type of social behavior, there is present-day "learned behavior." There had to be a no harsh feeling of belittlement or superior concept planted in the minds of the younger attitudes displayed. generation as to their self identity and what traditional values were about. These virtues, From infancy, you're taught the way oflife. You're values, were an everyday teaching-not as a taught-on a daily basis-virtues, how to live, religion, taught only on Sunday-but as every- who you are, what your bloodline is, where you day, living habits. are from, what area you are from. We all come from different areas, we all have a language that K_Ilydamtimt we call our own. The longhouse ceremonies are (Honesty, being truthful) different, to a certain point, but the sacred songs To be honest and truthful in talking about are all the same, though they may be sung in yourself and your opinions, to avoid any different languages. We have our own way of behavior that could even appear to harm the doing things and that is to be respected. honor ofyourself oryour family by being dishonest. Everything that was being taught to me had a reason. The language [Sahaptin] was beautiful Timndk'nik because it was descriptive, not specific. (Extending from the heart, compassion) Grandmother used to say, "When you speak the To show kindness and care at all times to others language, you can see it in your mind. What you whether in listening, speaking, helping, or speak of you are describing, and can picture it. performing a service for them. To consider the With the English language, it is harsh, cold, and feelings of others, to avoid hurting them, and to ugly. There is no beauty in it." show concern for their feelings. I know a lot ofyouyoungergenerationpeoplego This is what I want to contribute: Something to community meetings andyou go to General from the past that you need to reteach to a lot of Council andyou'll hear an elderspeak and they'll our children. A lot of us who are elders, we move say, "Oh, Timn&k'nik nash itchi sinwisha." around andwe see our children out there- They're speakingfrom their heart. They're not maybe not our immediate families, but other speakingfrom apiece ofpaper.Their sincerity, children-that are caught up in drugs and their honesty, is from what they'refeeling about alcohol, caught up in dysfunctional families, the situation.And they don't have to look at a caught up in living with their grandparents. The paperand talk about big words thatyou learn in changes are too great for them. They have no the schools. You speak ivith honesty. guidance, nobody to turn to help them in school, to understand what they're going through. It itm&Iltkshd seemed like every school where I worked-and it (Cautious and careful of all things and others; breaks my heart to think about it-but when I. restrained, peaceful, and responsible) 30 DEMOCRACY Sc EDUCATION, VOL 17, N2 2 To be careful in your speech and other behavior feelings. To meditate and pray regularly. To be so as to avoid harming or hurting anyone, constantly aware of all that is around you and including yourself. To be responsible and within you. To grow in using your mind at all times, accountable for your behavior. To show care for especially in getting an education. maintaining peace and harmony with all people. Pind'iwaatkwWadjni Ydychlunal (Self-denial and gratitude, humility) (Not afraid of any type of challenge; courage; To be humble. To be grateful just to be helpful to heroic perseverance) others. To give away all feelings of conceit or To show courage. No matter how hard life gets, to arrogance. To be the first one to apologize, to never give up. To be willing to put up with correct your behavior, and to forgive others. negative behaviors and pressure from others in This is whereyour humility comes in. Your order to do the right thing. To be a leader when self-denial and gratitude,your humility. other hesitate to do something positive. Wapftat Ttdwaxt Pina'tmalakt (Help family growth; service to others) (Taking care and being aware of one's total being; To serve others by offering to help others in as balance and harmony; integrity; honor; nobility many ways as you can think of. This might in crisis) include helping elders and other family members To take care ofyourself and to know yourself. To and friends. It also includes taking part in constantly seek to understand yourself. Self- positive community events and activities that respect. To stay in balance with what you believe. prevent violence, helping people to heal from To behave with honor and refuse to get involved traumatic experiences, eliminating substance in behaviors that would hurt you or others. abuse and chemical dependency, promoting positive understanding and involvement in your TmaNakni Indian culture, modeling and encouraging (Respect) education and the pursuit of life goals for others, To maintain harmony and cooperation with all and working to increase the unity of all people. people, including those who have differing opin- This was always taught to you: think of others ions from your own. To show care and regard for beforeyourself preserving and protecting the cultural traditions, beliefs, and unwritten laws of Native people. iyinchi mi Sapsik'wat This one was a big one.
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