Regional Community Vulnerability Profile May 2020

1. OVERVIEW During disasters, populations with higher levels of vulnerability are more likely to be impacted. Understanding a community’s demographic and socioeconomic profile can help emergency managers better prepare for and respond to hazard events by identifying areas with higher vulnerabilities and higher rates of access and functional needs. Examples of using this information include identifying areas with marginalized and underserved population groups in the region; identifying areas in need of emergency shelters and resources; understanding the disproportionate impacts a community may be faced with; identifying communities that will need continued support to recover after an emergency or natural disaster; and helping allocate emergency preparedness funding based on community need. This analysis can also deepen the understanding of health and social inequities in the community. It can help address equity implications that may arise during an emergency or disaster to better serve the needs of those most marginalized.

This profile provides an overview of the regional community vulnerabilities for the 19 counties and four Tribes that make up the State Regional Emergency Disaster Healthcare Coalition (REDi HCC). It utilizes five-year estimates provided by the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2014-2018 American Community Survey. The profile focuses on at-risk populations and vulnerability indicators. Data is provided for the Eastern Washington region, with county specific data at the end of the document. A list of additional resources is also included. Social Vulnerability Indicators To help identify vulnerable populations and at- risk individuals, the Center for Disease Control developed the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). The SVI can help emergency managers better prepare for and respond to emergency events and hazards by identifying areas with higher vulnerabilities and higher rates of access and functional needs. The Social Vulnerability Index uses following indicators to track vulnerability from the 2014-2018 American Community Survey (ACS), listed in Figure 1.

The SVI provides an overall ranking for each census tract that can be aggregated at the county level to provide a comprehensive assessment. Percentile ranking values range Figure 1. Social Vulnerability Index Indicators

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from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating greater vulnerability. See Figure 2 for overall vulnerability rankings for Eastern Washington by county.

SVI Outputs for Eastern Washington Counties:

• Adams County has the highest social vulnerability ranking in the region with a rating of 1, which is reserved for the most vulnerable. When looking at the rankings by social vulnerability theme, Adams County received the highest ranking available in socioeconomic status, minority status and language, and housing and transportation. • Okanogan, Yakima, and Ferry Counties all have ratings over 0.9. • Garfield County has the lowest social vulnerability with an overall ranking of 0.0263. • Spokane County, the most populated county in the region, has a moderate vulnerability ranking at 0.39. • The average vulnerability index rating for Eastern Washington is 0.5872.

Figure 2. 2018 Social Vulnerability Index Overall Ranking for Eastern Washington, by County

Garfield 0.0263 Lincoln 0.1316 Kittitas 0.2368 Columbia 0.2632 Asotin 0.3684 Stevens 0.3947 Spokane 0.4474 Whitman 0.5 Benton 0.5263 Pend Oreille 0.5526 Walla Walla 0.6842 Douglas 0.7105 Chelan 0.7368 Grant 0.8421 Franklin 0.8947 Ferry 0.9211 Yakima 0.9474 Okanogan 0.9737 Adams 1

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

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2. GEOGRAPHY The Regional Emergency Disaster Healthcare Coalition (REDi HCC) covers the 19 counties and four tribal areas in eastern Washington. With over 1.5 million residents across 40,000 square miles, the REDi HCC counties make up 21% of Washington’s total population and 60% of the land area. The region spans from the Canadian border in the north to the in the south, and is bordered by the Cascade mountains to the west and to the east. Major geographic areas include the Okanogan Highlands, Kettle Range, and in the north; Blue Mountains in the southeast where Washington borders Oregon and Idaho; the Columbia Basin lies in the center; and the region also contains the Snake and Columbia Rivers, along with numerous tributaries.

Eastern Washington experiences a diverse climate due to its location east of the Cascade Mountain range. The region receives little rainfall due to the rain shadow created by the Cascade Mountains that casts a shadow of dryness east of the mountains. Annual precipitation can range from a low of 7–9 inches in the dry areas near the junction of the Snake and Columbia Rivers in the Columbia Basin, to a high of 75–90 inches of precipitation in the more mountainous areas. Generally, lower elevations are both hotter and drier than higher elevations. Average seasonal temperatures can range from lows of 20s in the winter up to high 90s in the summer.

3. POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS From 2010 to 2018, the population in Eastern Washington grew by 9% from 1.43 million to 1.56 million residents. Spokane County is the most populated in the region with close to 500,000 residents; Garfield is the least populated in the region and the state at just over 2,200 residents. Franklin County had the most population change at 27%, followed by Benton County at 16%. Garfield and Lincoln County both decreased in population by 1%. Spokane County has the highest population per square mile in Eastern Washington at 261.5 people per square mile. Seven counties have lower than 10 people per square mile.

On average, the region has an older population than the rest of the state, with 18% of the population 65 years and over. Nine of the 19 counties have a higher percentage of older residents than the rest of the region. The median age for the region is 39.3 years compared to 37.6 years at the state. Adams County has the largest percentage of young residents in the region and the state at 35.2% of the population; Columbia County has the largest percentage of elderly residents at 27.3%. Pend Oreille County has the highest median age in the region at 50.6 years old, while Whitman County has the youngest median age in the region and the state at 24.6 years.

Table 1. Population and Age

Eastern Washington Washington 2018 Population Estimates 1,562,766 7,294,336 2010 Population Estimates 1,430,502 6,561,297 2010-2018 % Population Change 9% 11% Land Area by Square Mile 39,947.43 66,455.52 Population Per Square Mile 35.8 98.7 % Population under 18 years old 23.6% 22.4% % Population 65 Years and Over 18% 14.7% % Population 85 Years and Over 2% 1.8% Median Age 39.3 37.6

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Race and Ethnicity The population of Eastern Washington is made up of thirty percent people of color1, which is equal to the state total. American Indian and Alaska Native are the largest identified diverse racial group in the region at 3.6 percent, followed by Asian at three percent; close to nine percent of the population identifies as Some Other Race, though data does not specify this further. Ferry County has the largest percentage of American Indian and Alaska Native population in the region and state at 13.5 percent. Eight percent of the population in Whitman County identifies as Asian—with 55 percent of the Asian population identifying as Chinese.

Based on ethnicity, 23 percent of the population in Eastern Washington is of Hispanic or Latino origin, an increase of 16 percent since 2010. Of the Hispanic or Latino population in the region, 92 percent identifies as Mexican. Adams County has the highest percentage of Hispanic or Latino residents in the region and the state at 63 percent.

Table 2. Race and Ethnicity for People of Color

Eastern Washington Washington Race % Black or African American 2.4% 3.7% % American Indian and Alaska Native 3.6% 1.3% % Asian 3% 8.3% % Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0.6% 0.7% % Some Other Race 8.9% 4.3% % Two or More Races 4.1% 5.7% Ethnicity % Hispanic or Latino - 2018 23% 12.5% % Hispanic or Latino - 2010 20% 11% Hispanic or Latino - 2010-2018 % Change 16% 32%

Foreign Born and Language The population of Eastern Washington is eleven Figure 3. World Region of Birth of Foreign percent foreign-born, with seventy percent Born in Eastern Washington originally born in Latin America. Adams County has the highest percentage of foreign born Europe Northern 10% population at 25 percent, with 95 percent America Asia originally born in Latin America. Chelan, Douglas, 4% 13% Franklin, Grant, Okanogan, and Yakima counties also have over 80% of the foreign born population Africa 2% from Latin America. Oceania Of the population 5 years and over in Eastern Latin 1% Washington, 21 percent speaks a language other America than English at home and eight percent speak 70% English less than well. In Adams County, more than half the population speak another language at home, which is nearly three times the state total.

1 People of color is calculated by Total Population – Not Hispanic or Latino, White Alone

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Close to half speak another language in Franklin County. Of these residents in Adams and Franklin counties, more than a quarter speak English less than well.

Table 3. Foreign Born and Language

Eastern Washington Washington % Foreign Born Population 11% 14% % 5 Years and over who speak a language other 21.1% 19.4% than English % 5 Years and over who speaks English 8.1% 7.6% “less than well”

Income, Poverty, and Education The average median household income for the REDi HCC region is $52,675. The highest median household income is Spokane County at $54,852 and the lowest median incomes are Ferry County with $41,924 and Whitman County with $42,163. Ferry and Whitman Counties have two of the lowest median household incomes in the state.

Eastern Washington has some of the highest poverty rates in Washington. The region has a higher percentage of poverty than the state with an average of 16 percent of individuals living in poverty. Every county in the region has the same or higher rate of poverty than the state. One in four people live in poverty in Adams and Whitman counties, which is the highest percentages in the state. One in five youth under 18 years in Eastern Washington live below the poverty level. A third of youth in Adams County, and more than a quarter of youth in Okanogan and Yakima counties live below poverty level. One in five households receive food stamps in Adams, Ferry, Okanogan, and Yakima counties.

More than a third people 25 years and over in Adams County did not graduate high school, the highest percentage in the state. The regional average of 12.9 percent is slightly higher than the state average of 8.8 percent. A quarter of people in Franklin, Grant, and Yakima counties did not graduate high school.

Table 4. Income, Poverty, and Education

Eastern Washington Washington Median Household Income $52,675 $70,116 % Persons in Poverty 16% 11.5% % Under 18 Years in Poverty 19.6% 14.6% % Households receiving food stamps/SNAP 15.3% 12.5% % Age 25+ with No High School Graduation 12.9% 8.8%

Household and Disability The average household size in Eastern Washington is 2.6 people. Adams, Franklin, Grant, and Yakima counties have an average household size of three people or higher. An average of eight percent of households regionally are single parent households, which is more than double the state level. Adams and Franklin counties have close to five times the state level of single parent households. The region has double the use of mobile homes than the state level. This is particularly high in Grant County where a quarter of the housing units are mobile homes. Regionally, five percent of households do not have a

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vehicle, and almost 22 percent of households are without a computer or internet. One out of three households in Adams and Grant counties do not have a computer or internet.

For health indicators, close to fifteen percent of the regional population have a disability and forty percent of the population 65 years and over have a disability. Over twenty percent of the residents in Columbia and Ferry counties have a disability. Ferry County has the second highest percentage in the state at a quarter of the county population. Over half of the residents 65 and over in Columbia County have a disability, the highest in the state.

Table 5. Household and Disability

Eastern Washington Washington Avg. Household Size 2.6 2.6 % Single Parent Household with Children under 18 8.4% 3% % Mobile Homes 13.4% 6.4% % of Households with No Vehicle Available 5% 2.6% % Households without a Computer or Internet 21.7% 20.8% % Persons with a Disability 14.4% 12.7% % Persons with Disability, Over 65 Years 38.6% 35.5%

Tribal Area Demographics Within the REDi HCC region, there are four Tribes: Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, Kalispel Tribe of Indians, Spokane Tribe of Indians, and Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Nation. There are also indigenous people from hundreds of other tribes that call Eastern Washington home. The Census Bureau collects data for the American Indian and Alaska Native population and publishes estimates over a five-year period with the American Community Survey (ACS). These estimates are considered an average for the five-year period. The most recent data available is 2014- 2018.

Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation The Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation is a federally recognized American Indian Tribe. The following narrative is adapted from the Colville Tribes website. Today, over 9,365 descendants of 12 aboriginal tribes of Indians are enrolled in the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation. The tribes, commonly known by English and French names, are: the Colville, the Nespelem, the Sanpoil, the Lake, the Palus, the (Wenatchee), the Chelan, the Entiat, the Methow, the southern Okanogan, the Moses Columbia and the of ’s Bands. The Colville Indian Reservation was established by Presidential Executive Order in 1872 and was originally twice as large as it is today.

The Colville Indian Reservation land base covers 1.4 million acres or 2,100 square acres located in North , primarily in Okanogan and Ferry counties. The reservation consists of tribally owned lands held in federal trust status for the Confederated Tribes, land owned by individual Colville tribal members, most of which is held in federal trust status, and land owned by others, described as fee property and taxable by counties. Colville Reservation lands are diverse with natural resources including standing timber, streams, rivers, lakes, minerals, varied terrain, native plants and wildlife.

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Confederated Tribes strive to protect and enhance the quality of life for Colville tribal members and at the same time, govern as a sovereign nation. The Colville Indian Reservation is occupied by over 7,000 residents, both Colville tribal members and their families and other non-Colville members, living either in small communities or in rural settings. Approximately fifty percent of the Confederated Colville Tribes' membership live on or adjacent to the reservation. Over half of the population identifies as Native American.

Numerous chronic situations affect the daily lives of Colville tribal members such as high unemployment on the Colville Indian Reservation and lack of employment opportunities for much of the available labor force. The unemployment rate is eleven percent, and the median household income is $39,483. More than a quarter of residents and a third of the youth live below the poverty level. Half of residents over 65 years old has a disability, and 17 percent of residents do not have health insurance. Colville Indian Reservation communities lack adequate, affordable housing, home water systems and even electricity. Safe, usable roadways throughout the reservation are lacking as well as facilities such as modern health clinics and youth shelters.

Table 6. Colville Tribal Area

Colville Reservation and Off-

Reservation Trust Land, 2014-2018 Population Total Population (2018) 7,228 Population under 18 years 24% Population 65 years and over 15.7% Median Age 38.8 Race or Ethnicity White 32.8% Black or African American 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native 53.3% Asian 1.4% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0.4% Some other race 4.0% Two or more races 7.8% Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 9.9% Disability and Health Total Population with Disability 19.3% Population 65 years and over with a Disability 50.3% Population with No Health Insurance Coverage 17.3% Income, Socioeconomics, and Poverty Median Household Income $39,483 Households without internet 35.6% Unemployment Rate 11.4% Below Poverty Level - All people 26.4% Below Poverty Level - Under 18 years 33.7% Below Poverty Level - 65 years and over 16.1% Population 25 years and over with no high school graduation 15.2%

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Kalispel Tribe of Indians The Kalispel Indian Reservation is located in Usk, Washington in Pend Oreille County. The following narrative is adapted from the Kalispel Tribe website. The traditional homeland of the Kalispel surrounding the Pend Oreille River was vast and abundant. It included the mountains, river, lakes and prairies that stretch from Lake Pend Oreille in North Idaho to where Paradise, Montana now stands and northwestward across northeastern Washington to the mouth of the Salmo River, just over the international border in British Columbia. It was “ntxwe”, the Pend Oreille River, which bound together one end of the Kalispel country to the other, some 200 miles in length.

By 1875, the Tribal population had shrunk to only 395 people. From 1880 to 1910, as more white settlers moved into Kalispel territory, the Tribe witnessed its land disappearing but could do nothing to prevent it. The Kalispel Reservation was established by the President of the on March 23, 1914. The original Reservation was approximately seven square miles in size and located in Pend Oreille County on the east bank of the Pend Oreille River and close to the towns of Usk and Cusick.

The Kalispel Reservation includes 252 acres of trust land and four square miles of Tribal Trust land in the City of Airway Heights. There are 470 enrolled members. A third live on the Reservation, a third live in Spokane, Washington, and a third live throughout the rest of the United States. Thirty-four percent of current membership is under age 18 and the smallest percentage of members is the Tribal elders (ten percent). The population of the Tribal area in the ACS 2014-2018 is 210, with a quarter of the population under 18 years old. Eighty-seven percent of the population identifies as American Indian.

The Kalispel Tribe has faced several challenges associated with life in remote rural areas, such as unemployment, inadequate housing, limited economic opportunities, and prejudice. The median household income is $39,375, and thirteen percent of the population live below the poverty level. A quarter of the population over 65 years have a disability, and 23 percent live below the poverty level. With most of the land on the Reservation unsuitable for development, the Tribe has had to develop innovative ways to create opportunity for Tribal members. The Tribe’s pioneering spirit, combined with sheer determination, resiliency and community cohesiveness, has allowed the Tribe to overcome many difficult circumstances.

Table 7. Kalispel Tribal Area

Kalispel Reservation and Off-

Reservation Trust Land, 2014-2018 Population Total Population (2018) 210 Population under 18 years 25.7% Population 65 years and over 14.3% Median Age 40.2 Race or Ethnicity White 8.6% Black or African American 0.5% American Indian and Alaska Native 86.7% Asian 0.0% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0.0% Some other race 0.0%

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Two or more races 4.3% Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 1.4% Disability and Health Total Population with Disability 17.1% Population 65 years and over with a Disability 26.7% Population with No Health Insurance Coverage 18.5% Income, Socioeconomics, and Poverty Median Household Income $39,375 Households without internet 52.5% Unemployment Rate 6.5% Below Poverty Level - All people 13.3% Below Poverty Level - Under 18 years 12.8% Below Poverty Level - 65 years and over 23.3% Population 25 years and over with no high school graduation 13.1%

Spokane Tribe of Indians The following narrative is adapted from the Spokane Tribe website. The Spokane Tribe of Indians ancestors inhabited much of northeastern Washington which consisted of approximately 3 million acres. At times they extended their hunting, fishing, and gathering grounds into Idaho and Montana. They are one of the Interior Salish speaking tribes, others include: the Coeur d’ Alene, Kalispel, Colville, San Poil, Nespelem, Okanagan, Lakes, the Shuswap of Canada and the Pend Oreille and Salish of the Flathead reservation. Spokane ancestors were a river people, living a semi-nomadic way of life hunting, fishing, and gathering all creator had made available to them.

In 1881, President Rutherford B. Hayes formerly established the Spokane Indian Reservation of approximately 154,602 land acres known as Chief Lot’s reservation. In 1887, the Upper and Middle Spokanes signed an Agreement to move to the Coeur d’Alene, Jocko (Flathead) or Colville reservations; ultimately some did move to the Spokane reservation. In 1951, the Spokane Tribe officially became one of 574 recognized tribal governments within the United States following the passage of their formal Constitution that governs them today.

Today the Spokane Tribe of Indians primary government operations are located in Wellpinit, Washington with a citizen population of approximately 2,900 enrolled members. The reservation has a population of 2,187 residents. Just over 75 percent of the residents identify as American Indian. The median age is 32.2 years, and nearly a third of residents are under the age of 18 years. The median household income is $32,500, and a third of the population live below the poverty level. Forty percent of youth live below the poverty level. Twenty percent of residents do not have health insurance, and close to sixty percent of the population over 65 years have a disability. Close to half of the households do not have internet.

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Table 8. Spokane Tribal Area

Spokane Reservation and Off-

Reservation Trust Land, 2014-2018 Population Total Population (2018) 2,187 Population under 18 years 30.7% Population 65 years and over 13.8% Median Age 32.2 Race or Ethnicity White 15.1% Black or African American 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native 76.9% Asian 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0.3% Some other race 0.2% Two or more races 7.0% Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 5.5% Disability and Health Total Population with Disability 21.4% Population 65 years and over with a Disability 58.1% Population with No Health Insurance Coverage 20.2% Income, Socioeconomics, and Poverty Median Household Income $32,500 Households without internet 44.2% Unemployment Rate 14.8% Below Poverty Level - All people 33% Below Poverty Level - Under 18 years 39.7% Below Poverty Level - 65 years and over 13.3% Population 25 years and over with no high school graduation 15.9%

Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation The following narrative is adapted from the Yakama Nation website. Located in southwestern Washington State is the 1,130,000 acres reservation that is home to the Yakama Indian Nation.

Upon central Washington's plateau and along the Columbia River reside tribal people called the Yakama's. The Cascade mountains shelter this central portion from marine showers. The rolling foothills and are the eastern border. The tribal people comprising the Yakama Nation have lived in this area since the beginning of time. They used the entire land base, from the lowlands around the Columbia River to the snow-peaked Cascade Mountains. Bordering the reservation, the Yakima River flows southward from the Cascade Mountains to the Columbia River. Located along the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountain Range, the Yakama Nation forest consists of 600,000 acres of timbered lands.

Lands ceded to the federal government during the 1855 Treaty signing included over 12 million acres of land. The reservation signed by Gov. of the and representatives of the Cayuse, Umatilla, Wallawalla, Nez Perce and Yakama tribes. But tribal elders have said that their

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distance of travel sometimes took them as far north as Canada and as far south as California. The reserved portion of the tribal people's original home land is where the tribes and bands were moved to. Although the Treaty was signed on June 9, 1855 it did not become valid until ratified March 8, 1859 by the U.S. Senate and proclaimed law by the President on April 18, 1859. In the mid-1990s the Yakima nation renamed itself to "YAKAMA" to more closely reflecting the proper pronunciation in their native tongue.

The Yakama Nation is about 6,300 strong. In addition to the Yakima, some Paiutes and a few members of other tribes reside on the Yakama Reservation. On the reservation, the 2018 population was close to 31,000. Nearly sixty percent of the population identifies as white, and 58 percent identify as Hispanic or Latino. A quarter of the population identify as American Indian. A third of the population is under 18 years old, and the median age is 28.6 years. The median household income is $45,041, and a quarter of the residents live below the poverty level.

Table 9. Yakama Tribal Area

Yakama Nation Reservation and Off-

Reservation Trust Land, 2014-2018 Population Total Population (2018) 30,810 Population under 18 years 32.9% Population 65 years and over 10.4% Median Age 28.6 Race or Ethnicity White 59.6% Black or African American 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native 23.4% Asian 1.7% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0.3% Some other race 11.1% Two or more races 3.6% Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 58% Disability and Health Total Population with Disability 10.6% Population 65 years and over with a Disability 43.8% Population with No Health Insurance Coverage 19% Income, Socioeconomics, and Poverty Median Household Income $45,041 Households without internet 28.7% Unemployment Rate 10.9% Below Poverty Level - All people 26.2% Below Poverty Level - Under 18 years 35.1% Below Poverty Level - 65 years and over 15.4% Population 25 years and over with no high school graduation 38.1%

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4. COMMUNITY DATA BY COUNTY

Table 10. Population by County

2018 Pop 2010 Pop 2010-2018 Land Area by Pop Per County Estimates Estimates % Pop Change Square Mile Square Mile Adams 19,452 17,884 9% 1,924.98 9.3 Asotin 22,337 21,363 5% 636.21 33.6 Benton 194,168 167,077 16% 1,700.38 98.3 Chelan 75,757 70,995 7% 2,920.53 24.3 Columbia 4,001 3,957 1% 868.63 4.6 Douglas 41,371 37,160 11% 1,819.26 20.4 Ferry 7,576 7,504 1% 2,203.16 3.4 Franklin 90,660 71,329 27% 1,242.17 57.4 Garfield 2,224 2,240 -1% 710.69 3.2 Grant 94,860 85,142 11% 2,679.51 31.8 Kittitas 44,825 39,869 12% 2,297.27 17.4 Lincoln 10,435 10,533 -1% 2,310.49 4.6 Okanogan 41,638 40,238 3% 5,267.98 7.6 Pend Oreille 13,219 12,904 2% 1,399.99 9.2 Spokane 497,875 461,262 8% 1,763.79 261.5 Stevens 44,214 43,171 2% 2,477.77 17.4 Walla Walla 60,236 57,585 5% 1,270.13 45.3 Whitman 48,593 43,747 11% 2,159.09 20.3 Yakima 249,325 236,542 5% 4,295.40 55.1 Eastern WA Total 1,562,766 1,430,502 9% 39,947.43 35.8 Washington 7,294,336 6,561,297 11% 66,455.52 98.7

Table 11. Population by Age by County

% Pop under % Pop 65 Years % Pop 85 Years County Median Age 18 years old and Over and Over Adams 35.2% 10.8% 1.4% 28.3 Asotin 20.8% 22.2% 2.3% 45 Benton 26.8% 14.1% 1.7% 35.7 Chelan 23.9% 18.2% 2.6% 40.2 Columbia 19.6% 27.3% 3.4% 49.4 Douglas 26.2% 16.6% 2% 37.1 Ferry 17.9% 24.2% 2.1% 49.6 Franklin 33% 8.7% 0.8% 30 Garfield 23.8% 21.8% 3.3% 45 Grant 29.8% 13.2% 1.4% 32.7 Kittitas 17.4% 15.3% 1.7% 33.1 Lincoln 21.4% 25.2% 2.1% 48.4 Okanogan 23% 20.7% 1.6% 42.9

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Pend Oreille 19.7% 25.2% 1.9% 50.6 Spokane 22.3% 15.4% 1.9% 37.5 Stevens 21.9% 21.9% 2% 46.6 Walla Walla 21.4% 17.1% 2.9% 37.1 Whitman 15.1% 10% 1.3% 24.6 Yakima 29.9% 13.2% 1.6% 32.8 Eastern WA Avg. 23.6% 18% 2% 39.3 Washington 22.4% 14.7% 1.8% 37.6

Table 12. Race by County

% Native % Black or % American Hawaiian and % Some % Two or County African Indian and % Asian Other Pacific Other Race More Races American Alaska Native Islander Adams 0.8% 3.7% 1% 0% 23.5% 1.7% Asotin 0.4% 1.3% 0.9% 0.2% 0.6% 3.8% Benton 1.6% 0.7% 2.6% 0.1% 9.6% 4% Chelan 0.5% 0.7% 1.1% 0.1% 9% 3.4% Columbia 0.7% 0% 2.4% 0.9% 0.8% 3.7% Douglas 0.4% 0.8% 0.8% 0.2% 24% 3.8% Ferry 0.1% 13.5% 1% 0.2% 0.9% 8.3% Franklin 2.4% 1% 2.3% 0.2% 19.1% 4.4% Garfield 0% 0.4% 3.2% 0% 0% 4.7% Grant 0.7% 1.2% 1% 0.1% 22.2% 4.4% Kittitas 1% 0.8% 1.7% 0.8% 3.8% 3.4% Lincoln 0.7% 1.3% 0.7% 0.3% 0.6% 2.4% Okanogan 0.5% 9.8% 0.9% 0.1% 10.4% 5.3% Pend Oreille 0.2% 3.8% 1% 0.3% 2.2% 2.6% Spokane 1.6% 1.5% 2.2% 0.5% 1.4% 4.6% Stevens 0.5% 4.9% 0.6% 0% 1% 4.1% Walla Walla 1.8% 0.7% 1.7% 0.1% 7.1% 4.2% Whitman 2.2% 0.5% 8.4% 0.2% 1.7% 4.4% Yakima 1.1% 4.2% 0.9% 0.1% 12.3% 3.3% Eastern WA Total 2.4% 3.6% 3% 0.6% 8.9% 4.1% Washington 3.7% 1.3% 8.3% 0.7% 4.3% 5.7%

Table 13. Hispanic or Latino Origin by County

Hispanic or Latino Hispanic or Latino Hispanic or Latino County 2018 % Estimates 2010 % Estimates 2010-2018 % Change Adams 63% 56% 22% Asotin 4% 3% 35% Benton 21% 17% 42% Chelan 28% 24% 22%

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Columbia 8% 4% 82% Douglas 31% 27% 31% Ferry 5% 3% 57% Franklin 53% 50% 33% Garfield 2% 5% -61% Grant 41% 37% 25% Kittitas 9% 7% 37% Lincoln 3% 2% 59% Okanogan 20% 17% 22% Pend Oreille 4% 3% 32% Spokane 6% 4% 41% Stevens 4% 3% 32% Walla Walla 21% 19% 18% Whitman 6% 4% 54% Yakima 49% 43% 19% Eastern WA Total 23% 20% 16% Washington 12.5% 11% 32%

Figure 4. Percent Total People of Color by County

70% 66%

59% 60% 56%

50% 46%

40% 36% 35% 32% 29% 28% 30% 27% 21% 20% Percent Total People ColorPeople ofTotalPercent 16% 15% 14% 13% 10% 11% 9% 9% 10%

0%

Note: People of Color is calculated by [Total Population – Not Hispanic or Latino, White Alone]

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Figure 5. Foreign-Born Population with Origin in Latin America, by County

100% 95% 93% 90% 87% 90% 85% 86% 82% 80% 71% 70%

60% 57% 52%

50% 46% Percent 40% 35%

30% 27% 26% 18% 20% 17% 13% 11% 10% 6%

0%

Table 14. Foreign Born and Language by County

% 5 Years and over who % 5 Years and over who County % Foreign Born Population speak a language other than speaks English “less than English well” Adams 25.5% 54.9% 29.0% Asotin 2.7% 3.8% 0.8% Benton 10.6% 21.2% 8.1% Chelan 11.7% 25.6% 10.6% Columbia 7.4% 8.7% 4.2% Douglas 15.5% 29.1% 12.6% Ferry 1.4% 4.3% 1.7% Franklin 22.6% 48.7% 24.4% Garfield 2.8% 5.3% 1.2% Grant 18.9% 37.1% 16.8% Kittitas 5.3% 8.4% 2.3% Lincoln 1.6% 2.6% 0.7% Okanogan 10.3% 17.9% 7.3% Pend Oreille 3.7% 3.4% 0.5% Spokane 5.4% 7.2% 2.6% Stevens 3% 3.5% 0.8% Walla Walla 10.1% 19.1% 8.3% Whitman 10.9% 15.1% 4.4%

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Yakima 18.1% 40.3% 16.2% Eastern WA Total 11% 21.1% 8.1% Washington 14% 19.4% 7.6%

Table 15. Income, Poverty, and Education by County

Median % Households % Age 25+ with % Persons in % Under 18 Years County Household receiving food No High School Poverty in Poverty Income stamps/SNAP Graduation Adams $49,142 25.2% 34.5% 19.6% 35.4% Asotin $50,423 13% 18.1% 16.4% 10.1% Benton $65,650 12.8% 19% 13.5% 9.9% Chelan $56,135 11.6% 15.8% 9% 16.7% Columbia $51,111 11.6% 12.2% 12.6% 8.1% Douglas $60,452 13.3% 19.8% 12.5% 18.2% Ferry $41,924 18.8% 20.7% 19.3% 13.9% Franklin $62,002 15.7% 22.6% 18.7% 25.2% Garfield $52,525 11.6% 18.1% 8.6% 3.3% Grant $54,982 14.4% 18.6% 18.4% 23.9% Kittitas $55,193 19% 11.1% 11.2% 7.9% Lincoln $50,744 12.9% 21.8% 12.2% 8.6% Okanogan $45,808 20.6% 28.7% 20.3% 16.5% Pend Oreille $48,583 15.3% 17.4% 19% 10.2% Spokane $54,852 14.4% 17.8% 16.9% 6.3% Stevens $49,200 15.6% 19.8% 17.3% 9.5% Walla Walla $56,533 13.8% 16.1% 13.4% 12.2% Whitman $42,163 26.8% 14.1% 10% 4.7% Yakima $49,871 18.2% 26.4% 22.5% 26.9% Eastern WA Avg. $52,675 16% 19.6% 15.3% 12.9% Washington $70,116 11.5% 14.6% 12.5% 8.8%

Table 16. Household Characteristics by County

% Households % Single Parent % of Households Avg. Household without a County Household with % Mobile Homes with No Vehicle Size Computer or Children under 18 Available Internet Adams 3.3 14.1% 20.7% 6% 34.8% Asotin 2.4 8.6% 12.9% 4.4% 21.5% Benton 2.7 8.9% 9.8% 4.6% 18.7% Chelan 2.7 7.7% 9.2% 5.6% 16.9% Columbia 2.2 5% 8.1% 8.5% 13.1% Douglas 2.7 10.6% 18.1% 4% 28.7% Ferry 2.4 8.1% 17.5% 5.3% 25.6% Franklin 3.4 14.7% 10.7% 3.8% 25.4%

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Garfield 2.2 4.9% 14.3% 1.5% 19.2% Grant 3.1 9.9% 26.3% 4.7% 36.2% Kittitas 2.4 5.2% 7.3% 3.9% 12.5% Lincoln 2.3 5.8% 20.2% 2% 26% Okanogan 2.3 11.4% 16.4% 4.5% 27.8% Pend Oreille 2.3 8.4% 19.7% 4.9% 28.1% Spokane 2.4 9.1% 5.4% 7.3% 14.5% Stevens 2.5 5.8% 19.6% 4.4% 25.4% Walla Walla 2.5 7.5% 7% 7.3% 14.5% Whitman 2.3 4.9% 6.1% 8.5% 11% Yakima 3.0 13.8% 11.7% 5.4% 25.5% Eastern WA Avg. 2.6 8.4% 13.4% 5% 21.7% Washington 2.6 3% 6.4% 2.6% 20.8%

Table 17. Disability by County

% Persons with Disability, County % Persons with a Disability Over 65 Years Adams 11.3% 37% Asotin 19.3% 39.4% Benton 14.1% 39% Chelan 14% 32.4% Columbia 23.5% 51.5% Douglas 19.2% 44.6% Ferry 25.6% 36.2% Franklin 11.2% 40.5% Garfield 18.5% 43.4% Grant 12.2% 39.9% Kittitas 13.5% 34.2% Lincoln 19.5% 39.1% Okanogan 17.7% 39.8% Pend Oreille 19.3% 37.7% Spokane 14.9% 37.3% Stevens 19.3% 39.7% Walla Walla 15.2% 38.2% Whitman 12% 46.4% Yakima 13% 39.3% Eastern WA Avg. 14.4% 38.6% Washington 12.7% 35.5%

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5. DATA SOURCES Center for Disease Control and Prevention/ Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry/ Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program. Social Vulnerability Index 2018 Database Washington. https://svi.cdc.gov/data-and-tools-download.html

U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS), 5-Year Estimates: 2014-2018. https://www.census.gov/acs/www/data/data-tables-and-tools/data-profiles/2018/

• Tables: DP02, DP03, DP04, DP05, B16005, S2701

U.S. Census Bureau. My Tribal Area. 2014-2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. https://www.census.gov/tribal/

6. RESOURCES At-Risk Individuals - http://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/abc/Pages/atrisk.aspx

At-Risk Individuals, Behavioral Health, and Community Resilience Library - http://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/abc/Pages/resources.aspx

Community Commons - https://www.communitycommons.org/maps-data/

Kids Count Data Center - http://datacenter.kidscount.org/

KIDS COUNT Washington - http://kidscountwa.org/

Risk Communicating Resources for Rural Areas: A Toolkit - http://www.ruralrckit.org/index.htm

Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates - https://www.census.gov/data-tools/demo/saipe/saipe.html

Vulnerable & At-Risk Populations Resource Guide - http://www.varpguide.com/

Washington State Department of Health Dashboards - https://www.doh.wa.gov/DataandStatisticalReports/HealthDataVisualization

Washington Tracking Network - https://www.doh.wa.gov/DataandStatisticalReports/EnvironmentalHealth/WashingtonTrackingNetwork WTN

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