DOCSLIB.ORG

Tribal Circumstances and Impacts of the Lower Snake River Project on the Nez Perce, Yakama, Umatilla, Warm Springs and Shoshone Bannock Tribes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tribal Circumstances and Impacts of the Lower Snake River Project on the Nez Perce, Yakama, Umatilla, Warm Springs and Shoshone Bannock Tribes Tribal Circumstances and Impacts of the Lower Snake River Project on the Nez Perce, Yakama, Umatilla, Warm Springs and Shoshone Bannock Tribes Developed for the: Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission Developed by: Meyer Resources, Inc. April 1999 i 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF TRIBAL CIRCUMSTANCES AND IMPACTS FROM THE LOWER SNAKE RIVER PROJECT ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 PRESENT CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE STUDY TRIBES ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF THE PRESENT IMPOVERISHMENT OF PEOPLES OF THE STUDY TRIBES............................... 2 1.2.1 Losing Tribal Salmon.................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 LOSING TRIBAL LANDS......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 A SUMMARY OF THE PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF PRESENT ADVERSE CIRCUMSTANCES FOR THE STUDY TRIBES ....... 4 1.5 THE CONTINUED IMPORTANCE OF SALMON FOR THE TRIBES ............................................................................... 5 1.5 RESERVATION OF THE TRIBAL RIGHT TO HARVEST SALMON IN THE TREATIES BETWEEN THE STUDY TRIBES AND THE UNITED STATES..................................................................................................................................... 6 1.6 IMPACTS OF THE LOWER SNAKE RIVER DAMS ON THE STUDY TRIBES ................................................................ 8 1.7 PRESENT LOWER SNAKE RIVER PROJECT ALTERNATIVES.................................................................................... 9 1.8 SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVES A1 OR A2........................................................................................................... 11 1.9 SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVE A3........................................................................................................................ 12 1.10 IMPACTS OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ON FLOODED LANDS IMPORTANT TO THE TRIBES ................................. 12 1.11 CUMULATIVE TRIBAL IMPACTS OF LOWER SNAKE RIVER PROJECT ALTERNATIVES........................................ 15 1.13 MITIGATION TO PROTECT TRIBAL SITES AND RESOURCES ............................................................................... 17 1.14 A SUMMARY TRIBAL ASSESSMENT OF LOWER SNAKE RIVER PROJECT ALTERNATIVES.................................. 17 2.0 PROCEDURAL OVERVIEW FOR ASSESSMENT OF TRIBAL IMPACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES22 2.1 STUDY METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................................... 22 2.1.1 Federal Guidelines...................................................................................................................................... 22 2.1.1.1 Economic and Environmental Principles and Guidelines for Water and Related Land Resources Implementation Studies - 1983..........................................................................................................................................................22 2.1.1.2 Presidential and Executive Department Direction, Guidance and Policy................................................................24 2.1.1.3 US Army Corps of Engineers Guidance Respecting Tribes....................................................................................25 2.1.1.4 The Responsibility of the U.S. Department of Commerce ......................................................................................26 2.1.1.5 EPA Guidelines With Respect to Environmental Justice ........................................................................................27 2.1.1.6 Court Findings with Respect to “Perspective” in Assessing Impacts on Treaty Trust Resources ..........................28 2.1.2 Understanding Tribal Treaties.................................................................................................................... 29 2.1.2.1 Treaties Related to this Analysis..............................................................................................................................29 2.1.2.2 Treaties as Negotiated Settlements ..........................................................................................................................29 2.1.2.3 Relevance of Treaties for the Present Analysis .......................................................................................................34 2.1.2.4 Tribal Trust Resources.............................................................................................................................................35 2.1.2.5 A Summary of Other Selected Laws Relevant to Tribal Protection........................................................................37 2.1.3 Analytical Issues Affecting Assessment of Impacts on Tribes..................................................................... 38 2.1.3.1 Crediting What Tribes Say.......................................................................................................................................39 2.1.3.2 Tribal Culture is Modern and Evolutionary.............................................................................................................40 2.1.3.3 Tribes View Themselves and Their Resources Holistically....................................................................................41 2.1.4 Selecting Indicators of Tribal Circumstances and Potential Effects .......................................................... 42 2.1.4.1 Salmon and Access to Salmon Fishing....................................................................................................................42 2.1.4.3 Historic Villages, Grave Sites and Usual and Accustomed Fishing, Hunting and Gathering Areas.......................43 2.1.4.4 Speaking Tribal Languages......................................................................................................................................44 2.1.5 Integration of Tribal Assessment with Non-Tribal Models for Assessing Circumstances and Potential Impacts on Tribes....................................................................................................................................... 45 2.1.5.1 A “Hierarchy of Needs” Model for Integration of Tribal and Non-Tribal Assessment Measures..........................45 2.1.5.2 Non-Tribal Indicators of Tribal Circumstances and Potential Impacts ...................................................................49 2.1.5.2.1 Tribal Poverty...................................................................................................................................................49 2.1.5.2.2 Tribal Unemployment ......................................................................................................................................50 2.1.5.2.3 Tribal Per Capita Income..................................................................................................................................50 2.1.5.3 Tribal Health ............................................................................................................................................................51 2.1.5.4 Tribal Assets and the Associated Annual Values they Produce ..............................................................................53 2.1.6 Valuing Tribal Benefits and Costs in the Present and The Future ............................................................. 54 2.1.6.1 Value in Use, Value in Exchange and Intrinsic Value.............................................................................................54 2.1.6.2 The Value of Present and Future Trust Assets to Tribes .........................................................................................56 2.1.6.3 Economic Analysis and Discounting the Future......................................................................................................57 2.1.7 Assessing Tribal Circumstances and Benefits - A Summary of Method ..................................................... 58 ii 3.0 ASSESSING HISTORIC AND EXISTING TRIBAL CIRCUMSTANCES POTENTIALLY AFFECTED BY THE LOWER SNAKE RIVER PROJECT............................................................................................... 61 3.1 LINKAGES BETWEEN LOWER SNAKE RIVER PROJECT ALTERNATIVES AND REFERENT TRIBES.......................... 61 3.1.1 Securing Tribal Assets................................................................................................................................. 61 3.1.2 Linkages between Tribal Fishing and the Lower Snake River Project....................................................... 63 3.1.3 Linkages between Usual and Accustomed Tribal Areas and Project Reservoirs ....................................... 64 4.0 CIRCUMSTANCES AND IMPACTS ON NEE-ME-POO (NEZ PERCE)................................................... 69 4.1 ACCUSTOMED TRIBAL AREAS AND SEASONAL HARVEST ROUNDS OF NEE-ME-POO......................................... 69 4.2 NATURAL CAPITAL AND ANNUAL PRODUCTIVE YIELD OF ORIGINAL NEE-ME-POO LANDS ............................. 72 4.3 A BROADER PERSPECTIVE OF NEZ PERCE LIVING CIRCUMSTANCES IN PRE-CONTACT TIMES........................... 75 4.4 CHANGES IN NEE-ME-POO CIRCUMSTANCES DUE TO THE TREATIES OF 1855 AND 1863 .................................. 77 4.5 FURTHER
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Marmes Year April 1968 - April 1969
    •l WASHINGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, P . 0. Box 84, UNIVERSITY STATION, SEATTLE 5, WN . • Forrester Woodruff, President Del Nordquist, Editor N E W S L E T T E R Volume XIII, Number 2-3 August, 1969 CONTENTS: THE MARMES YEAR APRIL 1968 - APRIL 1969 • • • DR. GROVER KRANTZ (WSU) EXAMINING SKELETAL REMAINS IN SITU. MARMES SITE •" MA RM ES YEAR, APRIL 1968 to APRIL 1969 A REVIEW OF THE DISCOVERY and THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS · AS CARRIED IN THE NEWS RELEASES OF THE. GEATTLE , PAPERS CHIEFLY THE POST.:..INTELLIGENCER and THE SEATTLE··'I'IMES I , • ., •. I l • WASHINGTLJN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY August 19G9 • . MARMES YEAR, APRIL 1968 to APRIL 1969, A REVIEW OF THE DISCOVERY AND THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS, AS CARRIED IN THE NEWS RELEASES OF SEATTLE • PAPERS, CHIEFLY THE POST-INTELLIGENCER and THE SEATTLE-TIMES [Editorial comment: This is not intended to be a final report or assessment of the world famous Marmes early man excal.(ations by Washington State Uni­ versity: .: Dr. Richard Daugherty, Roald Fryxeli and the excavation and research team. It is not a complete reading of public announcements about the excava­ tions since many were televised or broadcast. It is an attempt to review the events and excitement of twelve months from the first official announcement of "Discovery of the Marmes Skeleton 11 to the flooding of the site and the official statement of the Northwest Anthropological Conference in Victoria. The editor and the Washington Archaeological Society take no sides in controversial issues and the accuracy of accounts are dependent upon the reports as given.] • • .- . April 26, 1968 p .-r.
    [Show full text]
  • A FISH CONSUMPTION SURVEY of the SHOSHONE-BANNOCK TRIBES December 2016
    A FISH CONSUMPTION SURVEY OF THE SHOSHONE-BANNOCK TRIBES December 2016 United States Environmental Protection Agency A Fish Consumption Survey of the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes Final Report This final report was prepared under EPA Contract EP W14 020 Task Order 10 and Contract EP W09 011 Task Order 125 with SRA International. Nayak L Polissar, PhDa Anthony Salisburyb Callie Ridolfi, MS, MBAc Kristin Callahan, MSc Moni Neradilek, MSa Daniel S Hippe, MSa William H Beckley, MSc aThe Mountain-Whisper-Light Statistics bPacific Market Research cRidolfi Inc. December 31, 2016 Contents Preface to Volumes I-III Foreword to Volumes I-III (Authored by the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes and EPA) Foreword to Volumes I-III (Authored by the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes) Volume I—Heritage Fish Consumption Rates of the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes Volume II—Current Fish Consumption Survey Volume III—Appendices to Current Fish Consumption Survey PREFACE TO VOLUMES I-III This report culminates two years of work—preceded by years of discussion—to characterize the current and heritage fish consumption rates and fishing-related activities of the Shoshone- Bannock Tribes. The report contains three volumes in one document. Volume I is concerned with heritage rates and the methods used to estimate the rates; Volume II describes the methods and results of a current fish consumption survey; Volume III is a technical appendix to Volume II. A foreword to Volumes I-III has been authored by the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes and EPA. The Shoshone-Bannock Tribes have also authored a second foreword to Volumes I-III and the ‘Background’ section of Volume I.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Environmental Impact Statement Nez Perce Tribal Hatchery Program
    Final Environmental Impact Statement Nez Perce Tribal Hatchery Program Bonneville Power Administration U.S. Department of Energy Bureau of Indian Affairs U.S. Department of the Interior Nez Perce Tribe July 1997 Final Environmental Impact Statement Responsible Agencies: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration (BPA); U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA); Nez Perce Tribe (NPT). Title of Proposed Action: Nez Perce Tribal Hatchery Program. States Involved: Idaho. Abstract: Bonneville Power Administration, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the Nez Perce Tribe propose a supplementation program to restore chinook salmon to the Clearwater River Subbasin in Idaho. The Clearwater River is a tributary to the Snake River, which empties into the Columbia River. The Final EIS includes a new alternative suggested by commentors to the Draft EIS. In the Proposed Action, the Nez Perce Tribe would build and operate two central incubation and rearing hatcheries and six satellite facilities. Spring and fall chinook salmon would be reared and acclimated to different areas in the Subbasin and released at the hatchery and satellite sites or in other watercourses throughout the Subbasin. The supplementation program differs from other hatchery programs because the fish would be released at different sizes and would return to reproduce naturally in the areas where they are released. The Use of Existing Facilities Alternative proposes using existing production hatcheries and the proposed satellite facilities to meet the need. Facilities at Dworshak National Fish Hatchery, Kooskia National Fish Hatchery, and Hagerman National Fish Hatchery would be used as central incubation and rearing facilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage Fish Consumption Rates of the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes
    Heritage Fish Consumption Rates of the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes Final Report This final report was prepared under EPA Contract EP W14 020 Task Order 10 and Contract EP W09 011 Task Order 125 with SRA International. Nayak L Polissar, PhDa Anthony Salisburyb Callie Ridolfi, MS, MBAc Kristin Callahan, MSc Moni Neradilek, MSa Daniel S Hippe, MSa William H Beckley, MSc aThe Mountain-Whisper-Light Statistics bPacific Market Research cRidolfi Inc. December 31, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Purpose and Objectives ................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Study Approach ........................................................................................................... 2 2.0 BACKGROUND (authored by the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes) .................................... 3 2.1 Summary of Historical Fish Harvest and Consumption .............................................. 3 2.2 Summary of Causes of Decline in Fish Populations ................................................... 3 3.0 HERITAGE FISH CONSUMPTION RATES (FCRs) .................................................. 6 3.1 Defining Fish Consumption ......................................................................................... 6 3.2 Defining Factors Influencing Consumption Rates ...................................................... 6 3.2.1 Migration Calorie Loss Factor .......................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Clearwater Assessment: 8. Fishery Resources
    8 Fishery Resources 8.1 Fish Status Currently more than 30 species of fish inhabit the Clearwater subbasin, including 19 native species, two of which have been reintroduced (Table 43). Salmonids and cyprinids are most numerous, representing 10 and 6 species, respectively. Exotic species within the subbasin are generally introduced sport or forage species, and include primarily centrarchids, ictalurids, and salmonids. Five fish species have been chosen as aquatic focal species in this assessment: chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss subspecies), westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi), bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Aquatic focal species may serve as indicators of larger communities, and are listed by federal and/or state agencies as species of concern or, in the case of brook trout, have the potential to negatively impact other selected species. In addition, aquatic focal species had adequate data available for species status, distribution, and habitat use to aid future decision making. Information is also provided for additional species of interest for which only limited data exists, redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss subspecies), Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Although species status is discussed, data limitations for these species prohibits substantial consideration of limiting factors and distribution or condition of existing habitat areas. The resident fishery in Dworshak Reservoir is also considered a substantial fishery resource in the Clearwater subbasin. The Dworshak Reservoir fishery involves multiple species, and is addressed as a single fishery rather than as a large number of individual species. Distribution and status information was compiled for the five aquatic focal species using 23 data sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Paiute and Western Shoshone Land Use in Northern Nevada: a Class I Ethnographic/Ethnohistoric Overview
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Land Management NEVADA NORTHERN PAIUTE AND WESTERN SHOSHONE LAND USE IN NORTHERN NEVADA: A CLASS I ETHNOGRAPHIC/ETHNOHISTORIC OVERVIEW Ginny Bengston CULTURAL RESOURCE SERIES NO. 12 2003 SWCA ENVIROHMENTAL CON..·S:.. .U LTt;NTS . iitew.a,e.El t:ti.r B'i!lt e.a:b ~f l-amd :Nf'arat:1.iern'.~nt N~:¥G~GI Sl$i~-'®'ffl'c~. P,rceP,GJ r.ei l l§y. SWGA.,,En:v,ir.e.m"me'Y-tfol I €on's.wlf.arats NORTHERN PAIUTE AND WESTERN SHOSHONE LAND USE IN NORTHERN NEVADA: A CLASS I ETHNOGRAPHIC/ETHNOHISTORIC OVERVIEW Submitted to BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT Nevada State Office 1340 Financial Boulevard Reno, Nevada 89520-0008 Submitted by SWCA, INC. Environmental Consultants 5370 Kietzke Lane, Suite 205 Reno, Nevada 89511 (775) 826-1700 Prepared by Ginny Bengston SWCA Cultural Resources Report No. 02-551 December 16, 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ................................................................v List of Tables .................................................................v List of Appendixes ............................................................ vi CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................1 CHAPTER 2. ETHNOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW .....................................4 Northern Paiute ............................................................4 Habitation Patterns .......................................................8 Subsistence .............................................................9 Burial Practices ........................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • January 2018 Water Supply Briefing National Weather Service/Northwest River Forecast Center
    January 2018 Water Supply Briefing National Weather Service/Northwest River Forecast Center Telephone Conference : 1-914-614-3221 Pass Code : 619-465-763 2018 Briefing Dates: Jan 4 – 10am Pacific Time Feb 1 - 10am Pacific Time March 1 - 10am Pacific Time April 5 - 10am Daylight Savings Time May 3 - 10am Daylight Savings Time Kevin Berghoff, NWRFC [email protected] (503)326-7291 Water Supply Forecast Briefing Outline . Review of WY2017 Water Supply Season . Observed Conditions WY2018: . Precipitation . Temperature Hydrologic . Snowpack model states . Runoff . Future Conditions: . 10 days of quantitative forecast precipitation (QPF) . 10 days of quantitative forecast temperature (QTF) Climate . Historical climate forcings appended thereafter Forcings . Climate Outlook . Summary WY2017 Precipitation Summary Upper Columbia Precip %Normal Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep WY2017 Clark Fork River Basin 201 31 95 56 203 190 82 72 105 20 7 94 97 Flathead River Basin 309 52 82 38 243 223 151 47 80 4 16 57 109 Kootenai River Basin 275 75 76 44 234 198 133 64 53 15 22 53 104 Spokane River Basin 323 61 52 41 213 250 117 67 65 6 5 148 115 166 94 78 44 130 190 148 103 77 19 25 76 96 Columbia River Basin abv Arrow Dam Snake River Precip %Normal Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep WY2017 Henrys Fork River Basin 308 43 146 104 217 106 166 38 99 46 20 269 126 Upper Snake abv American Falls Dam 291 39 145 139 246 100 156 40 88 50 27 249 129 Middle Snake Tributaries 260 26 135 155 255 131 120 63 75 30 43 138 125 Payette River
    [Show full text]
  • Doi 10136
    <ennewick Man--Ames chapter http://www.cr.nps.gov/aad/design/'kennewick/AMES.HTM IARCHEOLOG¥ _z ETHNOGRAPHY PROGRAM Peoples&gultures Kennewick Man Chapter 2 CulturalAffiliationReport Section1 Review of the Archaeological Data Kenneth A_ Ames Acknowledgments Alexander GalE,Stephanie Butler and ,Ion Daehnke, all of Introduction Portland State University, gave me invaluable assistance in the production of this document. They assisted me with :: scopeofWorkand library research, the bibliography, data bases and so on and Methodology on. However, neither they, nor any of the people with whom :: ,_:,rganizatiofonthis I consulted on this work (see list below) bear any Report responsibilities for errors, ideas, or conclusions drawn here. -he _',:,Ghem ,',ColumL_ia) That responsibility is solely mine. Plat _aU Background =s-:uesProodem Introd uction "EartierGroup" This report is part of the cultural affiliation study, under NAGPRA, of the Kennewick human remains. The ._.r,:haeologvortheEarly circumstances of the finding of those remains, and the Modern Period: The Other resulting controversies, are well enough known not to EndoftheSequence require rehearsal here. The present work reviews the extant Reviewd the archaeological record for the Southern Columbia Plateau Archaeological Record: (sensu Ames et al. 1998) (Figure 1). Continuities, Discontinuities an:Ga s Scope of Work and Methodology Cotlclusions The framework for this study is set out in the scope of work Bibliography (SOW) dated December 9, 1999. It is important to be quite explicit about what the scope of work and the parameters of LiaofFigures this study are. Therefore, in summarizing the SoW, I either closely paraphrase its wording, or quote extensively. The project's scope of work included: • "Identify an "earlier group" with which the Kennewick human remains could be associated.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sheep Eater Shoshone – the Tukudeka Objective: Students Will Write a Historical Fiction Account, Using Historical Facts To
    The Sheep Eater Shoshone – The Tukudeka Objective: Students will write a historical fiction account, using historical facts to make it realistic, of a week spent as a Sheep Eater Shoshone. Connections: Social Studies Writing Informational Text Note Taking Background: See “History of the Sheep Eaters”, which also can serve an informational text for students to read. Procedures: 1. Show a photo of a Sheep Eater Shoshone (Tukudeka) and ask students how they think “Sheep Eaters” earned their name. Explain that they will be learning more about one of the last groups of people to live away from modernization and then they will “become” one of these people and tell a story about a short segment of their year. It is suggested students write about one particular event that takes place over a day or week. 2. Either read the “History of the Sheep Eaters” to class or have students read it on their own. You may suggest students take notes or highlight information to help them write their story later. 3. You may wish to show them the entire segment of the movie “Sheep Eaters: Keepers of the Past” found on the USB drive or on YouTube. This is a 27- minute film accounting historical background of the people. Perhaps even starting the film at 2:59 would bypass some slow parts. The film uses excerpts from G.A. Allen’s book written in 1913 when he interviewed the last living member of the Sheep Eaters. (the actual book is in PDF on the USB drive called “Sheep Eaters by W.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Wallowa County, Oregon and Environs
    Moving On By Winona Johnson Holloway J; ~tnn,I ~M ;r= ·~ - ;}/-~ _?~ lq?7 Moving On by WinonaJohnson Holloway ©1989 Shadow Butte Press Live Oak, California All rights reserved included the right to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form Cover picture courtesy of Alice Mccully Printed by "The Printer" in Davis, California, U.S.A. I I dedicate this book to Merritt Louis Holloway, whose genes have mixed with mine to produce our own line of descendants, now in its fourth generation. Thank you Merritt for having such interesting ancestors. Thank you for our adventurous life together. II Our past is not a dead past. It is still alive in little pockets and trickles to surprise us in places still to be found. How lucky are those who have perceived it- a spark that shines within us dimly-to tell us who we are and why and how. We know better where we are going, if we know from whence we came. WJH III Grover and Zora Johnson and family, 1926 Front: Zora, Grace, Joe, Tom, Maybeth, Grover Rear: Winona, Dorofy, Ellen, Mildred IV Moving On Contents Chapter 1 Others came before me ............................................................................ 1 Chapter 2 The world is full of a number of things ................................................. 15 Chapter 3 That was the time that was, a time that will not come again ............... 39 Chapter 4 Of fun and foibles ................................................................................ 71 Chapter 5 As the twig is bent, the tree's inclined ................................................... 87 Chapter 6 Making do ............................................................................................ 103 Chapter 7 On my own .......................................................................................... 125 Chapter 8 In which we try it out there in the big world ...........................................
    [Show full text]
  • To Save the Salmon Here’S a Bit of History and Highlights of the Corps' Work to Assure Salmon Survival and Restoration
    US Army Corps of Engineers R Portland District To Save North Pacific Region: Northwestern Division The Salmon Pacific Salmon Coordination Office P.O. Box 2870 Portland, OR 97208-2870 Phone: (503) 808-3721 http://www.nwd.usace.army.mil/ps/ Portland District: Public Information P.O. Box 2946 Portland, OR 97208-2946 Phone: (503)808-5150 http://www.nwp.usace.army.mil Walla Walla District: Public Affairs Office 201 N. 3rd Ave Walla Walla, WA 99362-1876 Phone: (509) 527-7020 http://www.nww.usace.army.mil 11/97 Corps Efforts to Save the Salmon Here’s a bit of history and highlights of the Corps' work to assure salmon survival and restoration. 1805-1900s: Lewis and Clark see “multitudes” 1951: The Corps embarks on a new research of migrating fish in the Columbia River. By program focusing on designs for more effective 1850, settlements bring agriculture, commercial adult fishways. fishing to the area. 1955: A fisheries field unit was established at 1888: A Corps report warns Congress of “an Bonneville Dam. There, biologists and enormous reduction in the numbers of spawning technicians work to better understand and fish...” in the Columbia River. improve fish passage conditions on the river 1900s-1930s: Overfishing, pollution, non- system. federal dams, unscreened irrigation ditches and 1960s: Experimental diversion screens at Ice ruined spawning grounds destroy fish runs. Harbor Dam guide some juveniles away from the Early hatchery operations impact habitat or turbine units, and lead to a major effort to develop close the Clackamas, Salmon and Grande Ronde juvenile bypass systems using screens for other rivers to salmon migration.
    [Show full text]
  • 62Nd Annual Midwest Archaeological Conference October 4–6, 2018 No T R E Dame Conference Center Mc Kenna Hall
    62nd Annual Midwest Archaeological Conference October 4–6, 2018 No t r e Dame Conference Center Mc Kenna Hall Parking ndsp.nd.edu/ parking- and- trafǢc/visitor-guest-parking Visitor parking is available at the following locations: • Morris Inn (valet parking for $10 per day for guests of the hotel, rest aurants, and conference participants. Conference attendees should tell t he valet they are here for t he conference.) • Visitor Lot (paid parking) • Joyce & Compt on Lot s (paid parking) During regular business hours (Monday–Friday, 7a.m.–4p.m.), visitors using paid parking must purchase a permit at a pay st at ion (red arrows on map, credit cards only). The permit must be displayed face up on the driver’s side of the vehicle’s dashboard, so it is visible to parking enforcement staff. Parking is free after working hours and on weekends. Rates range from free (less than 1 hour) to $8 (4 hours or more). Campus Shut t les 2 3 Mc Kenna Hal l Fl oor Pl an Registration Open House Mai n Level Mc Kenna Hall Lobby and Recept ion Thursday, 12 a.m.–5 p.m. Department of Anthropology Friday, 8 a.m.–5 p.m. Saturday, 8 a.m.–1 p.m. 2nd Floor of Corbett Family Hall Informat ion about the campus and its Thursday, 6–8 p.m. amenities is available from any of t he Corbett Family Hall is on the east side of personnel at the desk. Notre Dame Stadium. The second floor houses t he Department of Anthropology, including facilities for archaeology, Book and Vendor Room archaeometry, human osteology, and Mc Kenna Hall 112–114 bioanthropology.
    [Show full text]