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Biology in April Biology in April Compiled by OAKLEYF. ROARK,West Essex High School, West Caldwell, New Jersey 07006 Downloaded from http://online.ucpress.edu/abt/article-pdf/31/3/182/25063/4442464.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 1. William Harvey (b. 1578) The "father" of phys- 6. Feodor F. K. Lynen (b. 1911) 1964 Nobel laureate iology, who postulated circulation of blood with- in Physiology and Medicine for discovery of the out seeing capillaries. role of biotin in the metabolism of fatty acids. 2. Dennis Robert Hoagland (b. 1884) Studies about James Dewey Watson (b. 1928) Shared (with plant nutrition revealed ion accumulation comes Crick and Wilkins) Nobel laurels in 1962 in Phys- about through a metabolically linked process. iology and Medicine for his contributions towards 3. John Abernathy (b. 1764) First to operate to cor- elaborating the structure of DNA. rect an aneurysm of the external iliac artery 7. Jacques Loeb (b. 1859) Biophysicist who showed (1796). sperm can be replaced by "simple" solutions in Virgil Ivan Grissom (b. 1926) One of seven origi- certain cases of artificial parthenogenesis. nal (1959) U.S. astronaut trainees; first to manu- Bronislaw Malinowski (b. 1884) "Father" of the ally maneuver from one orbital path to another. functional school of anthropology. (Baroness) Jane Van Lawick-Goodall (b. 1934) 8. Melvin Calvin (b. 1911) 1961 Nobel laureate in Ethologist and world's foremost authority on Chemistry who traced photosynthetic pathways chimpanzees. in Chlorella with C14. 4. Dorothea L. Dix (b. 1802) Credited with securing Rafael Lorente de No (b. 1902) Famous nerve the establishment of 30 asylums for the mentally physiologist. ill. 9. Gregory Goodwin Pincus (b. 1903) One of the Martin Luther King, Jr. (d. 1968) 1964 Nobel developers of an oral contraceptive pill. Peace Prize winner who was assassinated in 10. Bernardo Alberto Houssay (b. 1887) 1947 Nobel Memphis, Tenn. laureate and the first South American to receive William Cumming Rose (b. 1887) Discovered the honor, for work on the relationships between threonine, the "last" of the major amino acids. the pancreas and pituitary. 5. Alfred Blalock (b. 1899) Developer of the "blue- Marshall W. Nirenberg (b. 1927) Fundamental baby" operation on malformed hearts. work includes biosynthesis of proteins, genetic Sir Joseph Lister (b. 1827) The founder of an- code, and RNA codewords. tiseptic surgery. Robert Burns Woodward (b. 1917) 1965 Nobel Clarence Erwin McClung (b. 1870) Discovered laureate in Chemistry for synthesizing chloro- (1902) in grasshopper sperm cells a difference in phyll, cortisone, chloresterol, and quinine. chromosomal constitution of the sexes. 11. Luther Burbank (d. 1926) The California "plant Hermann Joseph Muller (d. 1967) 1946 Nobel wizard," a Lamarckian, and the developer of laureate in Physiology and Medicine for x-ray ir- many new plant varieties. radiation of Drosophila and mutations obtained. 12. Richard Benedikt Goldschmidt (b. 1878) Experi- Mattais Jakob Schleiden (b. 1804) With T. ments in 1912 with butterflies made him a recog- Schwann, given credit for developing the cell nized authority on heredity. theory. Otto Meyerhof (b. 1884) 1922 Nobel laureate in 182 THE AMERICANBIOLOGY TEACHER, MARCH, 1969 Physiology and Medicine for studies about cellu- effected in the treatment of the insane. lar oxidation and the discovery of the transforma- 21. Jean Baptiste Biot (b. 1774) Found certain organ- tion of lactic acid in muscles. ic compounds (tartaric acid and camphor) caused Peter Frederic Salisbury (b. 1913) American plane polarized light to dexorotate or levorotate. founder of the American Society for Artificial In- Walther Flemming (b. 1843) Did early research ternal Organs and an early developer of artificial on cell structure and mitosis, coining words "as- kidney machines. ter" and "mitosis." 1961 First successful human orbit of earth and Choh Hao Li (b. 1913) Isolated and identified recovery (Gagarin, Russia). six of the anterior pituitary hormones. 13. Andre Lanthier (b. 1928) Researches include ste- 22. Robert Barany (b. 1876) 1914 Nobel laureate in roid syntheses by human normal and Stein-Lev- Physiology and Medicine who studied the pa- enthal ovaries and metabolism of aldosterone by thology of the vestibular apparatus; a special human liver slices. chair for testing pilots bears his name. 14. Karl Hagenbeck (d. 1913) German zoo director Immanuel Kant (b. 1724) German philosopher, who developed a zoo without bars, but with care- geographer, and cosmologist who proposed the fully concealed ditches. gaseous ring hypothesis of planetary origin. 15. William Cullen (b. 1710) Coined the word, Jane R. Oppenheimer (b. 1904) Embryologist. "neurosis." 23. Alphonse Bertillon (b. 1853) Founder of a system Downloaded from http://online.ucpress.edu/abt/article-pdf/31/3/182/25063/4442464.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 Leonardo da Vinci (b. 1452) A Renaissance man of identification of criminals widely adopted. in the grand sense. Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger (b. 1867) 1926 Edouard Armand I. H. Lartet (b. 1801) One of the Nobel laureate in Physiology and Medicine who founders of modern paleontology; found fossil ape, caused carcinoma in rat stomachs by feeding them Pliopithecus antiquus. the parasitic spiroptera of infected cockroaches Abraham Lincoln (d. 1865) Postulated to be a (1913). victim of Marfan syndrome. 24. Gerhard Domagk (d. 1964) 1939 Nobel laureate Nikolaas Tinbergen (b. 1907) Noted behaviorist in Physiology and Medicine who discovered pron- for his studies of the herring gull, the stickleback, tosil, the first "sulfa." and others. 25. Felix Hubert d'Herelle (b. 1873) Discovered bac- Max Wertheimer (b. 1880) A founder of Gestalt teriophage-killing dysentery bacillus (1917); psychology. coined term "bacteriophage." 16. Peter L. Goldacre (d. 1960) First to characterize Erich Hoffman (b. 1868) Co-discoverer of syphilis "indoleacetic acid oxidase" complex as partially spirochete. peroxidase; discovered "kineapple," a highly ac- 26. John James Audubon (b. 1785) One of the first tive cell division inducer from apple fruitlets. and foremost wildlife conservationists, who seri- 17. Ernest Henry Starling (b. 1866) With Bayliss, dis- ously began his bird paintings about the age of 35. covered secretin. Eugene I. Rabinowitch (b. 1901) Noted authority 18. Clarence Darrow (b. 1857) Defended John Thom- on photosynthesis. as Scopes in evolution trial in Dayton, Tenn. 27. Josef G. Kolreuter (b. 1733) Credited as first to (1925). recognize the importance of insects and the wind August Gartner (b. 1848) A collaborator of Rob- in pollination. ert Koch who discovered bacillus enteritides, the Herbert Spencer (b. 1820) English philosopher cause of food poisoning. whose synoptic view was evolution oriented. 19. Charles Darwin (d. 1882) His fundamental re- 28. Johannes Muller (d. 1858) Experimental physiol- search in tropisms and with earthworms were ogist who settled reflex action theory. overshadowed by his monumental documentation 1931 Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll submitted their of evolution. paper on the electron microscope for publication, Gustav Theodor Fechner (b. 1801) Fechner's law establishing their credentials as inventors. states for a sensation to increase in arithmetical 29. Harold Clayton Urey (b. 1893) 1934 Nobel laure- progression the stimulus must increase in a geo- ate in Chemistry whose interest in cosmology and metrical progression. origin of the elements led to the famous experi- Glenn Theodore Seaborg (b. 1912) Discovered ments of his graduate student, S. Miller. several transmutation elements, including plu- 30. Claude Elwood Shannon (b. 1916) Showed tonium. Boolean algebra could be handled by binary sys- 20. Phillipe Pinel (b. 1745) Noted for improvements tem. BIOLOGY IN APRIL 183 .
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