Universidade De Lisboa Faculdade De Ciências Departamento De Química E Bioquímica

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Universidade De Lisboa Faculdade De Ciências Departamento De Química E Bioquímica Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Molecular characterisation of the poorly differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas using genome-wide approaches Jaime Miguel Gomes Pita Doutoramento em Bioquímica Especialidade em Genética Molecular 2013 Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Molecular characterisation of the poorly differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas using genome-wide approaches Jaime Miguel Gomes Pita Tese orientada pelo Professor Doutor Valeriano Alberto Leite (Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil) e Professora Doutora Maria Luísa Cyrne (Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa) especialmente elaborada para a obtenção do grau de doutor em Bioquímica, especialidade em Genética Molecular 2013 A presente dissertação foi redigida de acordo com o disposto no artigo 45.º do Despacho n.º 4624/2012 do Diário da República 2.ª série - N.º 65 - 30 de Março de 2012 * * * As opiniões expressas nesta publicação são da exclusiva responsabilidade do seu autor. (...) (...) Eles não sabem que o sonho Eles não sabem, nem sonham, é vinho, é espuma, é fermento, que o sonho comanda a vida. bichinho álacre e sedento, Que sempre que um homem sonha de focinho pontiagudo, o mundo pula e avança que fossa através de tudo como bola colorida num perpétuo movimento. entre as mãos de uma criança. António Gedeão, Pedra Filosofal in ‘Movimento Perpétuo’ (1956) ‘The deeper we search the more we find there is to know, and as long as human life exists, I believe it will always be so.’ Albert Einstein Agradecimentos Agradecimentos Na presente tese de doutoramento são apresentados os resultados do trabalho de investigação realizado no Grupo de Endocrinologia Molecular da Unidade de Investigação de Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM) no Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG) entre Janeiro de 2009 e Dezembro de 2012, sob a orientação do Professor Doutor Valeriano Alberto Leite e co-orientação da Doutora Branca Maria Cavaco. Entre Janeiro de 2011 e Abril de 2012, o trabalho foi realizado no laboratório de Endocrinologia do “Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire” (IRIBHM) na “Université Libre de Bruxelles”, sob a co-orientação do Professor Doutor Jacques Emile Dumont. O trabalho esteve sob a orientação interna da Professora Doutora Maria Luísa Cyrne da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa. O trabalho de investigação teve o seu início durante o estágio curricular em Outubro de 2006, ao qual seguiu-se uma bolsa de investigação científica e o projecto de doutoramento. Assim, esta dissertação é fruto da colaboração e empenho de variadíssimas pessoas ao longo destes anos, as quais dedico o mais profundo apreço e gratidão. Em primeiro lugar, agradeço ao Professor Doutor Valeriano Leite e à Doutora Branca Cavaco pelo acolhimento no seu grupo e pela oportunidade para despertar e contribuir para a Ciência. Agradeço a ambos, toda a contínua confiança e consideração que depuseram em mim. Ainda ao Doutor Valeriano, pelo estímulo científico, por toda a dedicação ao meu trabalho e pela amizade, bem como, pela oportunidade no laboratório do Professor Dumont. À Doutora Branca, um agradecimento especial pelo apoio, dedicação e disponibilidade constantes na minha aprendizagem e no rigor do trabalho científico. Também por toda a sua amizade, conhecimento científico, cultural e gastronómico, que com prazer partilhou. À Professora Doutora Luísa Cyrne agradeço ter aceite a orientação do Doutoramento e pelo apoio e interesse despendidos para a concretização deste. Ao Professor Dumont, por quem tenho grande admiração e respeito, por me ter recebido no seu grupo e partilhado a sua sabedoria, por todo o seu apoio, jovialidade e por ser um exemplo de dedicação à Ciência e à Endocrinologia. A todos os membros que pertencem e aos que já passaram pelo grupo de Endocrinologia e pelos vários grupos de trabalho do UIPM, os quais me acompanharam e contribuíram para o agradável e simpático ambiente de trabalho. Ao antigo director do UIPM, o Doutor Sérgio Dias, por ter proporcionado todas as condições de trabalho necessárias, pelos conselhos, disponibilidade e simpatia. À Ana Banito, por me ter iniciado no mundo dos “microarrays”, por todo o apoio e amizade. À Inês Figueiredo, por todo o árduo trabalho e dedicação, sem os quais, esta tese perderia grande parte do seu valor. Agradeço também todo o apoio, amizade e simpatia e desejo-lhe muito sucesso na vida v Agradecimentos profissional. À Doutora Lúcia Roque do grupo de Citogenética, pela constante simpatia e por facultar as ‘preciosas’ linhas celulares. Às quatro meninas LHOs, que fizeram do nosso laboratório, um lugar sempre limpo, organizado, e claro, cheio de muita boa disposição. À Fátima e à Joaquina, pela amabilidade e carinho que sempre deram e por manterem o laboratório limpo e organizado. Ao Pedro Baptista, à Carla Espadinha, à Margarida Moura e à Ana Luísa Silva, pela vossa amizade e por estarem sempre prontos a ajudar. Em especial, às futuras Doutoras Rute Tomaz e “Jo” Costa, à Rita Domingues, à “maninha” Sofia Fragoso e à Cristiana Teixeira pela grande amizade e carinho que partilhamos dentro e fora do laboratório, bem como pela paciência para me “aturar”. Agradeço ainda aos membros dos serviços do IPOLFG de Endocrinologia, de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço e de Anatomia Patológica, pela identificação, recolha, conservação e cedência dos casos clínicos, sem os quais, este trabalho de investigação não seria possível. Aos membros do grupo de Endocrinologia do IRIBHM em Bruxelas, agradeço o caloroso acolhimento e a simpatia que todos ofereceram para me sentir em casa. Infelizmente, não poderei mencionar todos individualmente. À Professora Carine Maenhaut, investigadora principal do grupo, por todo o apoio e simpatia durante o tempo em que estive em Bruxelas. À Post-doc Soazig Le Pennec, que igualmente longe de casa partilhou o mesmo sentimento de saudade, agradeço toda a amizade, companheirismo e ajuda. Um agradecimento em especial, ao Sébastien Floor, pelo seu árduo trabalho e dedicação ao nosso projecto em conjunto, bem como, desde o primeiro momento, ter sido um verdadeiro amigo, sempre bem-disposto e altruísta. Este trabalho não seria possível sem o imprescindível apoio financeiro da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, do Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC) e da Sociedade Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo (SPEDM), as quais quero agradecer. Ainda, à Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia por me ter concedido a bolsa de Doutoramento (SFRH/BD/46096/2008). Agradeço às minhas sempre grandes amigas de Faculdade “Burrólicas”, Andreia Freire, Rita Carilho, Sandra Brasil e Catarina Ramos, que apesar da vida nos ter separado, continuamos a nos encontrar e a nutrir um grande carinho. Não posso deixar de agradecer à minha família. À minha madrinha Rosália por toda a esperança que deposita em mim, à minha mãe por acreditar sempre que serei o melhor, e à minha avó que apesar de não entender aquilo que faço, possui um orgulho inabalável em mim. Por último, quero agradecer à minha futura esposa, pelo terno amor, carinho e paciência que me dedicou e continua a oferecer todos os dias. Obrigado por todo o apoio incondicional e por ter sempre acreditado em mim. Espero poder retribuir todo o afecto que dela recebo. Dedico esta tese a quem encaminhou a minha vida, o meu pai... vi Acknowledgments Acknowledgements This thesis presents the results of the experimental work performed at the Molecular Endocrinology lab in the Unidade de Investigação de Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM) at the Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), from January 2009 to December 2012, under the supervison of Professor Valeriano Alberto Leite and co-supervision of Dr. Branca Maria Cavaco. Between January 2011 and April 2012, the research work was undertaken at the Endocrinology lab in the “Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire” (IRIBHM) at the “Université Libre de Bruxelles”, under the co-supervision of Professor Jacques Emile Dumont. The work was supervised by Professor Maria Luísa Cyrne from the Faculty of Science of the Universidade de Lisboa. The research work was initiated during the undergraduate internship in October 2006, followed by a research fellowship and the PhD project. This thesis is thus, the result of the collaboration of several people, along these years, who I devote all my gratitude. Firstly, I thank Professor Valeriano Leite and Dr. Branca Cavaco for accepting me at their laboratory and for the opportunity to growth and contribute to Science. I am grateful to both, for all the confidence and consideration they have placed in me. To Professor Valeriano, for all the knowledge, support and friendship, as well as, for arranging the opportunity to be at Professor Dumont’s laboratory. To Dr. Branca, I express my deep gratitude for all the support, guidance and availability during my thesis. Also, for all the friendship and for the scientific, cultural and gastronomic knowledge that enthusiastically shared. To Professor Luísa Cyrne, for accepting to supervise my PhD project and for all the support and interest in my work. To Professor Dumont, who I deeply admire and respect, for receiving me in his research group and for sharing his wisdom, for all his support, joviality and for being an example of dedication to Science and Endocrinology. To all former and current members of the Endocrinology group and research groups of UIPM, who contributed to the pleasant and friendly work environment. To Dr. Sérgio Dias, former director of UIPM, for providing all the work conditions, for the advices, availability and kindness. To Ana Banito, for introducing me to the microarray’s world, for all the help and friendship. To Inês Figueiredo, for all the hardworking and dedication. Her work was of crucial value to this thesis. I also thank all her friendship and kindness, and wish her a huge success in her career.
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