L'espace Dakar-Rufisque En Devenir
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“Dangerous Vagabonds”: Resistance to Slave
“DANGEROUS VAGABONDS”: RESISTANCE TO SLAVE EMANCIPATION AND THE COLONY OF SENEGAL by Robin Aspasia Hardy A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana April 2016 ©COPYRIGHT by Robin Aspasia Hardy 2016 All Rights Reserved ii DEDICATION PAGE For my dear parents. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 Historiography and Methodology .............................................................................. 4 Sources ..................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter Overview .................................................................................................... 20 2. SENEGAL ON THE FRINGE OF EMPIRE.......................................................... 23 Senegal, Early French Presence, and Slavery ......................................................... 24 The Role of Slavery in the French Conquest of Senegal’s Interior ......................... 39 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 51 3. RACE, RESISTANCE, AND PUISSANCE ........................................................... 54 Sex, Trade and Race in Senegal ............................................................................... 55 Slave Emancipation and the Perpetuation of a Mixed-Race -
Gorée: Island of Memories
GOREE ISLAND OF MEMORIES GOREE ISLAND OF MEMORIES Unesco The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Unesco concerning the legal status of any country territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Published in 1985 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7 place de Fontenoy, 75700 Paris Printed by L. Vanmelle, Ghent, Belgium ISBN 92-3-102348-9 French edition 92-3-202348-2 © Unesco 1985 Printed in Belgium PREFACE Scarely have the lights of Dakar dimmed on the horizon than the launch puts in at the little harbour of Gorée. Half an hour has passed, just long enough for the sea-breeze to smooth away, as if by magic, the lines of fatigue from the faces of travellers Gorée, island of serenity, awaits us. And yet Gorée holds memories of the infamous trade that once condemned thousands of the sons and daughters of Africa if not to death, then to an exile from which none returned. The rays of the morning sun turn the facades to bronze. Each has its story to tell, confusing all sense of where we are ; in a single narrow street we pass a building, a courtyard, a stairway, a door or a set of architectural features that remind us of Amsterdam, Oporto, Seville, Saint Tropez, New Orleans, Nantes, Brooklyn and perhaps even Damascus. But if Gorée were merely a succession of architectural images, it would be but a stage set. -
Statue Faidherbe
Une campagne à l’initiative de l’association Survie Nord à l’occasion du bicentenaire de la naissance de Louis Faidherbe le 3 juin 2018. En partenariat avec le Collectif Afrique, l’Atelier d’Histoire Critique, le Front uni des immigrations et des quartiers populaires (FUIQP), le Collectif sénégalais contre la célébration de Faidherbe . Consultez le site : faidherbedoittomber.org @ Abasfaidherbe Faidherbe doit tomber Faidherbe doit tomber ! Qui veut (encore) célébrer le “père de l’impérialisme français” ? p. 4 Questions - réponses (à ceux qui veulent garder Faidherbe) p. 6 Qui était Louis Faidherbe ? p. 9 Un jeune Lillois sans éclat Un petit soldat de la conquête de l’Algérie Le factotum des affairistes Le « pacificateur » du Sénégal Un technicien du colonialisme Un idéologue raciste Une icône de la République coloniale Faidherbe vu du Sénégal p. 22 Aux origines lointaines de la Françafrique p. 29 Bibliographie p. 34 Faidherbe doit tomber ! Qui veut (encore) célébrer le “ père de l’impérialisme français ” ? Depuis la fin du XIX e siècle, Lille et le nord de la France célèbrent perpétuellement la mémoire du gén éral Louis Faidherbe. Des rues et des lycées portent son nom. Des statues triomphales se dressent en son hommage au cœur de nos villes. Il y a là, pourtant, un scandale insup portable. Car Faidherbe était un colonialiste forcené. Il a massacré des milliers d’Africains au XIX e siècle. Il fut l’acteur clé de la conquête du Sénégal. Il défendit toute sa vie les théories racistes les plus abjectes. Si l’on considère que la colonisa tion est un crime contre l’humanité , il faut alors se rendre à l’évidence : celui que nos villes honorent quotidiennement est un criminel de haut rang. -
Market-Oriented Urban Agricultural Production in Dakar
CITY CASE STUDY DAKAR MARKET-ORIENTED URBAN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN DAKAR Alain Mbaye and Paule Moustier 1. Introduction Occupying the Sahelian area of the tropical zone in a wide coastal strip (500 km along the Atlantic Ocean), Senegal covers some 196,192 km2 of gently undulating land. The climate is subtropical, with two seasons: the dry season lasting 9 months, from September to July, and the wet season from July to September. The Senegalese GNP (Gross National Product) of $570 per capita is above average for sub-Saharan Africa ($490). However, the economy is fragile and natural resources are limited. Services represent 60% of the GNP, and the rest is divided among agriculture and industry (World Bank 1996). In 1995, the total population of Senegal rose above 8,300,000 inhabitants. The urbanisation rate stands at 40%. Dakar represents half of the urban population of the region, and more than 20% of the total population. The other main cities are much smaller (Thiès: pop. 231,000; Kaolack: pop. 200000; St. Louis: pop. 160,000). Table 1: Basic facts about Senegal and Dakar Senegal Dakar (Urban Community) Area 196,192 km2 550 km2 Population (1995) 8,300,000 1,940,000 Growth rate 2,9% 4% Source: DPS 1995. The choice of Dakar as Senegal’s capital was due to its strategic location for marine shipping and its vicinity to a fertile agricultural region, the Niayes, so called for its stretches of fertile soil (Niayes), between parallel sand dunes. Since colonial times, the development of infrastructure and economic activity has been concentrated in Dakar and its surroundings. -
Aménagement Urbain À Djiddah Thiaroye Kao (Sénégal) Développement Participatif De Systèmes D’Assainissement En Zone Irrégulière
Aménagement urbain à Djiddah Thiaroye Kao (Sénégal) Développement participatif de systèmes d’assainissement en zone irrégulière Atelier Projet de territoire SUD Tobias Burckhardt & Hélène Gomis 13 juin 2016 Table des matières Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 2 1. Diagnostic ........................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Contexte géopolitique ............................................................................................................ 3 1.2. Enjeux sociaux ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.3. Enjeux environnementaux .................................................................................................... 6 1.4. Enjeux économiques .............................................................................................................. 8 1.5. Enjeux sanitaires ................................................................................................................... 9 2. Scénario tendanciel ......................................................................................................... 10 3. Projet d'assainissement à Djiddah Thiaroye Kao ........................................................ 13 3.1. Justification ......................................................................................................................... -
Application of the P-Median Problem in School Allocation
American Journal of Operations Research, 2012, 2, 253-259 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajor.2012.22030 Published Online June 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ajor) Application of the p-Median Problem in School Allocation Fagueye Ndiaye, Babacar Mbaye Ndiaye, Idrissa Ly Laboratory of Mathematics of Decision and Numerical Analysis, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal Email: [email protected], [email protected] Received April 18, 2012; revised May 20, 2012; accepted May 31, 2012 ABSTRACT This paper focus on solving the problem of optimizing students’ orientation. After four years spent in secondary school, pupils take exams and are assigned to the high school. The main difficulty of Education Department Inspection (EDI) of Dakar lies in the allocation of pupils in the suburbs. In this paper we propose an allocation model using the p-median problem. The model takes into account the distance of the standards imposed by international organizations between pupil’s home and school. The p-median problem is a location-allocation problem that takes into account the average (total) distance between demand points (pupil’s home) and facility (pupil’s school). The p-median problem is used to determine the best location to place a limited number of schools. The model has been enhanced and applied to a wide range of school location problems in suburbs. After collecting necessary numerical data to each EDI, a formulation is presented and computational results are carried out. Keywords: Non-Convex Optimization; Location Models; School Allocation 1. Introduction that has been extensively studied. The reason for the in- terest in the p-median problem is that it has practical Every year, the Education Department Inspection (EDI) applications in a wide variety of planning problems: lo- of Dakar has difficulties for assigning pupils to high schools of the suburbs. -
Cultural Representations of Massacre Reinterpretations of the Mutiny of Senegal
Copyrighted Material - 9781137274960 Cultural Representations of Massacre Reinterpretations of the Mutiny of Senegal Sabrina Parent Copyrighted Material - 9781137274960 Copyrighted Material - 9781137274960 CULTURAL REPRESENTATIONS OF MASSACRE Copyright © Sabrina Parent, 2014. All rights reserved. First published in 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States— a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN: 978- 1- 137- 27496- 0 Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Parent, Sabrina, author. Cultural representations of massacre : reinterpretations of the mutiny of Senegal / by Sabrina Parent. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 1- 137- 27496- 0 (alk. paper) 1. African literature (French)—20th century— History and criticism. 2. France. Armée. Tirailleurs sénégalais—In literature. 3. France. Armée. Tirailleurs sénégalais—In motion pictures. 4. Massacres in literature. 5. Massacres—Senegal— Thiaroye- sur- Mer— In motion pictures. 6. Thiaroye- sur- Mer (Senegal)— In literature. 7. Thiaroye- sur- Mer (Senegal)— In motion pictures. 8. Senegal— Colonization— In literature. 9. Senegal— Colonization— In motion pictures. 10. France— Colonies— Africa— Administration. I. Title. PQ3980.5.P37 2014 840.9’35866303— dc23 2014000297 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. -
The French Model of Assimilation and Direct Rule - Faidherbe and Senegal –
The French Model of Assimilation and Direct Rule - Faidherbe and Senegal – Key terms: Assimilation Association Direct rule Mission Dakar–Djibouti Direct Rule Direct rule is a system whereby the colonies were governed by European officials at the top position, then Natives were at the bottom. The Germans and French preferred this system of administration in their colonies. Reasons: This system enabled them to be harsh and use force to the African without any compromise, they used the direct rule in order to force African to produce raw materials and provide cheap labor The colonial powers did not like the use of chiefs because they saw them as backward and African people could not even know how to lead themselves in order to meet the colonial interests It was used to provide employment to the French and Germans, hence lowering unemployment rates in the home country Impacts of direct rule It undermined pre-existing African traditional rulers replacing them with others It managed to suppress African resistances since these colonies had enough white military forces to safeguard their interests This was done through the use of harsh and brutal means to make Africans meet the colonial demands. Assimilation (one ideological basis of French colonial policy in the 19th and 20th centuries) In contrast with British imperial policy, the French taught their subjects that, by adopting French language and culture, they could eventually become French and eventually turned them into black Frenchmen. The famous 'Four Communes' in Senegal were seen as proof of this. Here Africans were granted all the rights of French citizens. -
Final Report
P a g e | 1 Final Report Senegal: Floods in Dakar and Thiès DREF operation Operation n° MDRSN017 Date of Issue: 27 August 2021 Glide number: FL-2020-000198-SEN Operation start date: 12 September 2020 Operation end date: 31 March 2021 Host National Society: Operation budget: CHF 331,410 Number of people affected: 16,798 affected people Number of people assisted: 900 households (8,100 (5,879 men and 10,919 women) people) directly reached. Overall, 60,720 people (10,120) reached through awareness visits Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners currently actively involved in the operation: IFRC, ICRC, Belgian and Spanish Red Cross Societies and the Turkish Red Crescent. Other partner organizations actively involved in the operation: Civil Protection, Sanitation Directorate, and Territorial and Municipal Authorities The major donors and partners of the Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF) include the Red Cross Societies and governments of Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norway, Republic of Korea, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland, as well as DG ECHO and Blizzard Entertainment, Mondelez International Foundation, and Fortive Corporation and other corporate and private donors. DG ECHO and the Canadian Government contributed to replenishing the DREF for this operation. On behalf of the Senegalese Red Cross Society (SRCS), the IFRC would like to extend gratitude to all for their generous contributions. <click here for the final financial report and here for contacts> A. SITUATION ANALYSIS Description of the disaster Senegal experienced heavy rainfall during the rainy season of 2020, exceeding the average amounts usually experienced during that period. -
Dakar Regional Express Train (Ter)
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP PROJECT : DAKAR REGIONAL EXPRESS TRAIN (TER) COUNTRY : SENEGAL SUMMARY OF FULL RESETTLEMENT PLAN (FRP) Project Team: A.I. MOHAMED, Principal Transport Economist, OITC1/SNFO M. A. WADE, Infrastructure Specialist, SNFO/OITC1 M.MBODJ, Consultant Economist, OITC 2 M. L.KINANE, Principal Environmentalist, ONEC.3 S. BAIOD, Consultant Environmentalist, ONEC.3 Project Team Sector Director : A. OUMAROU Regional Director : A. BERNOUSSI Acting Resident Representative : A. NSIHIMYUMUREMYI Division Manager : J.K. KABANGUKA 1 Regional Express Train (TER) Dakar Summary of Full Resettlement Plan Project Name : DAKAR REGIONAL EXPRESS TRAIN (TER) Country : SENEGAL Project Reference No. : P-SN-DC0-003 Department : OITC Division: OITC.1 ___________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION This paper is the summary of the Full Resettlement Plan (FRP) designed in accordance with Senegalese national procedures as well as those of the Bank. It aims to ensure that project affected persons (PAPs) are compensated and settled. Its objectives are three-fold: (i) minimise involuntary resettlement as much as possible; (ii) avoid to the extent possible the destruction of assets; and (iii) compensate affected persons to offset the loss of residential and agricultural lands, buildings and equipment as well as loss of revenue. The Dakar-Diamniadio-AIBD (Blaise Diagne International Airport) Regional Express Train (TER) Project is composed of two phases. The first extends from Dakar to Diamniadio and the second from Diamniadio to Diass where the new Dakar internationnal airport is situated. This FRP concerns works that will be implemented during the project’s first phase and specifically works to be undertaken in the Districts of Dakar, Pikine and Rufisque. -
Plan D'action De Reinstallation (Par)
REPUBLIQUE DU SENEGAL PRESIDENCE DE LA REPUBLIQUE PLAN D’ACTION DE REINSTALLATION (PAR) Elaboration d’un plan de restructuration des quartiers de Pikine-Sud traversés par l’autoroute Dakar-Diamniadio Rapport final INGESAHEL Septembre 2008 Direction générale : François LAURENT (urbaplan) et Mamadou SOME (ingesahel) PAR et enquête socioéconomique : Papa Ameth KEITA, Moustapha DIALLO, Ismaïla DIEME (ingesahel) et Bryn WINISTOERFER (urbaplan) Traitement statistique du PAR : Ibrahima SOW (ingesahel) Autres responsables sectoriels : Equipements de proximité : Jean-Marc ROSSIGNOL Eaux de ruissellement : Bécaye Sidy DIOP et Mbéguéré MBAYE (h20 engineering) Transports et mobilité : Martin STUCKI (transitec) Réseau viaire : Pape SY Pôle Waranka et Seven Up : Katleen VERCAUTEREN et Oliver REGAZZONI Régulation foncière : Alain DURAND-LASSERVE Infographie : Gianni SCIAMANNA (urbaplan), Saadou DIALLO, Souleymane DIARRA et Moustapha SENE (ingesahel) 0626-D-Rapport PAR 260808.doc-FL urbaplan-lausanne ingesahel-dakar h2o-dakar transitec-lausanne av. de montchoisi 21 13, rue de thiong / bp 6418 hann mariste lot m03 b / bp 26469 av des boveresses17 1006 lausanne suisse dakar sénégal dakar sénégal 1010 lausanne suisse t 021 619 90 90 f 021 619 90 99 t 821 89 12 f 821 89 12 t 832 00 81 t 021 652 55 55 f 021 652 32 22 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] INGESAHEL Direction générale : François LAURENT (urbaplan) et Mamadou SOME (ingesahel) PAR et enquête socioéconomique : Papa Ameth KEITA, Moustapha DIALLO, Ismaïla -
Chapter 3: Dakar
DAKAR Capital cities 1.indd 31 9/22/11 4:20 PM DAKAR 3 Amadou Diop During the 20th century, the city of Dakar figured as the capital city of several territories, including countries such as Mali and Gambia. This attests to the central role it has played, and continues to play, in West Africa. Today, Dakar is firmly established as the capital of Senegal. A port city with a population of over 2.5 million and a location on a peninsula which continues to attract people from the country’s hinterland, Dakar has grown rapidly. It is administratively known as the Dakar Region, and comprises four départements (administrative districts) (see Figure 3.1) – Dakar, the original old city with a population of 1 million; Pikine, a large, sprawling department with a population of some 850 000; and Guédiawaye and Rufisque, two smaller departments of some 300 000 residents each (Diop 2008). The latter two represent the most recent peri-urban incorporation of settlements in the Dakar Region. Each of the four departments, in turn, comprise a number of communes, or smaller administrative units. This chapter is divided into two main parts. The first, ‘The urban geology of Dakar’, commences with a short history of the establishment and growth of the city, its economy and population. Subsequent sections discuss urban-planning activities before and after independence, government attempts through policy and practice to address the urban housing and urban transport challenges, and attempts to plan secondary commercial centres in the Dakar Region as more and more urban settlements are developed at some distance from the city centre of Dakar.