Language Index
Afro-Asiatic 11, 26, 28, 31, 42, 46, 50 Galilean Arabic 106 Akkadian 7, 8, 12, 20-22, 23, 26-27, Iraqi Arabic 18, 19, 25, 35, 53, 55, 28, 41, 45-48, 49-50, 52, 57, 61, 63, 106-7, 136-37, 138-39 62, 68, 73-75, 76, 77-78, 79, 85, Jewish Arbel Arabic 60, 141 89, 91, 100, 104, 105, 110, 112, Kuwaiti Arabic 35, 36, 53, 137, 138- 115, 116, 119-20, 122, 129, 135, 39, 150 147-48, 149 Lebanese Arabic 35-36, 54, 58, 73, Assyrian 12, 46, 50, 73, 78, 105, 110 106-7, 145 Late Babylonian 12, 105, 110 Levantine Arabic 36, 54, 107 Mari Akkadian 12, 20, 21 Maltese 8, 14, 36, 37, 107, 115 Middle Babylonian 12, 120 Middle Arabic 106, 110, 115 Neo-Babylonian 12, 105, 110 Modem Standard Arabic 14, 24, 40- Old Akkadian I 2, 21, 45, 52, 73 41, 59, 140, 149-50 Old Babylonian, see Akkadian Moroccan Arabic 18, 20, 25, 35-36, Amharic 8, 13, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25-26, 43, 52, 53, 56, 57-58, 63, 139-40 29-30, 42, 48, 60, 63, 77, 89, 124, North African Arabic 42, 54, 62, 107, 126, 153 139, 141, 151 Ancient North Arabian 13, 67, 69, 73, qa/tu-Arabic 40-41, 43, 135, 141 77, 78, 79 Quranic Arabic 105 Arabic 12, 13, 19, 21, 24-25, 28, 29, Post-Classical Arabic 112 33, 38, 39-40, 41, 43, 45-46, 47, Saudi Arabic 43 49, 50, 52, 53, 65, 68, 69, 73-76, Sudanese Arabic 138 77-78, 79, 81, 83, 90, 91, 93, 105- Syrian Arabic 19, 21, 25, 35, 45, 53- 7, 113, 115, 116-18, 119-120, 121, 54, 55, 62, 67, 106, 125, 139, 145, 125, 129, 131-32, 138, 145, 148- 148-50, 151 49, 151, 153 Syro-Palestinian Arabic, see Syrian Algerian Arabic 20-21, 43-44, 53, Arabic 56,140,142 Tharnudic 13, 67 Anatolian Arabic 25, 135, 141-42, Tunisian Arabic 20, 35-36, 43, 53, 151 139 Baghdadi Arabic, see Iraqi Arabic Yemeni Arabic 25, 36-37, 40, 51, 53, Chadian Arabic 53, 55, 57, 62, 137- 55, 58-59, 62, 63, 67, 75, 78, 139, 39 146, 148-50, 151 Classical Arabic 13, 18, 19, 20-21, Aramaic 12, 14, 31, 33, 38, 41, 44, 46, 24-25, 33, 35-36, 37, 38, 43, 47, 47, 48, 55-56, 60, 61, 65, 68, 69, 50, 53, 57, 59-60, 66-67, 75, 77- 73, 75, 78, 79-80, 81, 82, 83, 91, 78, 105-6, 110, 115, 119, 140, 146, 93, 94, 100, 102-103, 105-10, 112- 148-51 115, 116-20, 121, 122, 126, 134- Egyptian Arabic 19, 35-36, 51, 53- 36, 138, 144, 148, 151-52, 153 55, 137,145, 148-50, 151 176 STUDIES IN SEMITIC GRAMMATICALIZATION
Babylonian Talmudic Aramaic, see Turoyo 8, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 30, 32, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic 45,56, 78,82, 87-88, 131-32, 135 Bar-Kosiba Aramaic 15, 98, 102-3 Argobba 13, 24 Biblical Aramaic 15, 18, 31, 44, 49, Assyrian, see under Akkadian 52, 55, 68, 74-75, 83, 87, 94-96, Babylonian, see under Akkadian 102-3, 113 Bengali 111 Christian Palestinian Aramaic 15, 19- Bulgarian 69 22, 55, 98-99, 102-4, 122-24, 125- Canaanite 12, 65, 69, 74-75, 76-77, 26 78, 81, 83-84, 91, 92, 108, 117-18, Early Imperial Aramaic 14, 95, 102 120 Egyptian Aramaic 15, 94-95, 102-3, Catalan 69, 111 113 Chaha 13, 21-22, 60, 63 Imperial Aramaic 15, 31, 94-95, 103 Chinese 118 Jewish Babylonian Aramaic 15, 30, Coptic 71 56, 63, 100-103, 108, 130, 132, Czech 114 134, 136 Danish 50, 134 Jewish Palestinian Aramaic 15, 19- Deir 'Alla dialect 12, 81 20, 22, 38, 56, 122-24, 131, 134- Dutch 143, 144 36 Eblaite 12, 61 Late Aramaic 15 Egyptian (Ancient) 11, 26-27, 28, 46- Mandaic 15-16, 30, 55, 63, 100-103, 47, 49 104, 108, 130 English 2, 4-5, 18, 24, 30, 35, 36, 39, Middle Aramaic 15, 38 49, 51, 70-71, 82, 85, 133, 143-44 Modem Aramaic, see Neo-Aramaic Middle English 70 Nabatean 15, 79, 94, 97-98, 102-3 Old English 2, 5, 51, 70 Neo-Aramaic 8, 15-16, 31-32, 34, Ethiopic, see Ge'ez 45, 48, 86, 129, 131, 134-35, 144- Ewe 118 45, 150 French 2-4, 18, 24, 28, 30-31, 51, 61, Neo-Mandaic, see Mandaic 69, 71, 82, 85, 123, 126 Neo-West-Aramaic 15, 19, 21, 30, Gafat 13, 20, 24 56, 88, 104-5 Ge'ez 12, 13, 18, 19-20, 23, 25-26, 29, North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic 16, 18, 32-33, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45-46, 48- 19-20, 23, 30, 33-34, 37, 45, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 55, 58, 60, 62, 63, 56, 78, 86-87, 131-32, 135, 142-43 68, 74, 77-78, 88-89, 91, 106, 107- Old Aramaic 14, 52, 68, 79, 94-95, 9, 110, 114-15, 116-18, 119-20, 102-3, 109, 118, 119 121, 124-25, 126, 135, 147-48, Palmyrene 15, 97, 102 152, 153 Qumran Aramaic 15, 55, 97-98, 102- German 5, 23, 50, 51, 71, 76, 82, 122, 3 126,143,144 Samaritan Aramaic 15, 55, 99-100, Old High German 70-71 102-4, 122-24, 125-26 Germanic 70-71, 129, 144-45, 148 Syriac 15, 19, 21-22, 23, 24-25, 27- Gothic 70-71 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 38, 41, 45, 48, Greek 21, 28, 50, 70-71, 77, 140 55, 59, 67, 68, 74, 76, 78, 79, 86- Haitian Creole 53, 71 88, 96, 100-101, 102-4, 108, 114, Hamito-Semitic, see Afro-Asiatic 121-22, 124, 126, 131-32, 135-36 Harari 13, 24 Targumic Aramaic 15, 19-20, 55, 74, Hebrew 6, 8, 12, 16, 22, 31, 38, 40, 41, 77, 96-97, 99-100, 102-104 43, 44, 46-48, 49, 50, 52, 55-57,