sign in sign up
<<
Home , Abba Eban, Adam Curle, Charles Keightley, David Kimche, Geneva Conference (1973), Gideon Rafael

Notes and References

1 1947-9

1. , Collusion across the : King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement, and the Partition of , pp. 117-9. 2. GA res. 181 (11),29 November 1947; Jorge Garcia-Granados. The Birth of : The Drama as I saw It, pp. 236-46; , Memories, the Autobio• graphy of Nahum Goldmann . .. , p. 243; Constantine K. Zurayk, The Meaning of the Disaster, p. 59; Henry Cattan, Palestine and International Law: The Legal Aspects of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, pp. 37-56; Robert John and Sami Hadawi (eds), The Palestine Diary, vol. 2, 1945-1948, pp. 261-2,271; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, p. 1172. 3. SCOR, 3rd year, Special Supplement no. 2, S/663, p. 5; Hussein A. Hassouna, The League of Arab States and Regional Disputes: a Study of Middle East Conflicts, p. 278; 'Abdallah of Jordan, My Memoirs Completed, p. 10; Leila S. Kadi, Arab Summit Conferences and the Palestine Problem (/936-1950), (/964- 1966), pp. 55-6; John and Hadawi, pp. 281-8; John Bagot Glubb, A Soldier with the , pp. 78-9, 96; J. C. Hurewitz, The Struggle for Palestine, pp. 309-10; Edgar O'Ballance, The Arab-Israeli , 1948, pp. 36-7, 86; Kenneth W. Bilby, New Star in the Near East, p. 67; Fauzi al-Qawuqji, 'Memoirs, 1948', Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 27-58, and vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 3-33. 4. Michael Bar-Zohar, The Armed Prophet: A Biography of Ben-Gurion, trans. Len Ortzen, , Barker, 1967, p. 108; Netanel Lorch, The Edge of the Sword: Israel's War of Independence, 1947-1949, p. 401; , The Revolt: story of , pp. 213-5; Jon Kimche and David Kimche, Both Sides of the Hill: Britain and the Palestine War, pp. 80-1, 85-7, 89-90. 5. Yigal Allan, The Making of Israel's Army, pp. 73-5, 105; Bilby, p. 74; , My Life, pp. 236-7; Goldmann, p. 309; , 'Tragedy and Triumph', in M. W. Weisgal and J. Carmichael (eds), , p. 257; Michael Brecher, The Foreign Policy System of Israel: Setting, Images, Process, pp. 261, 387-91. For a discussion of anticipatory self-defence, see D. W. Bowett, The Use of Force in International Law, Manchester, University Press, 1958, pp. 187-93, and Ian Brownlie, International Law and the Use of Force by States, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1963, pp. 257-61,275-8. 6. David Ben-Gurion, Israel: Years of Challenge, p. 36; Allon, p. 31 n. 2; Kimche and Kimche, p. 91. 7. SCOR, 3rd year, 253rd mtg (24 February 1948), pp. 271-2; 260th mtg (2 March 1948), p. 403; Special Supplement no. 2, pp. 1-10, S/663; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, p. 545; Abba Eban, An Autobiography, p. 100. 8. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for January-March 1948, pp. 14-23, AlAe. 21/13; Special Supplement no. 2, pp. 11-19, S/676; 253rd mtg (24 February 1948), pp. 258-9; David Ben-Gurian, Israel: A Personal History, p. 216. 9. SCOR, 3rd year, 258th mtg (27 February 1948), p. 345-9; 262nd mtg (5 March 1948), pp. 11-12; 270th mtg (19 March 1948), pp. 148, 151-4; 271st mtg (19 March 1948), p. 155-7; 274th mtg (24 March 1948), p. 245; 277th mtg (1 April 1948), pp. 5-6, 23-4, 28; Supplement for May 1948, pp. 1-37, smo, S/721. 10. Part 1.B of Partition Plan attached to GA res. 181 (II); SCOR, 3rd year, Special

426 Notes and References to pp. 5-8 427

Supplement no. 2, pp. 2,6,7,20,24, S/663, S/695; GA res. 186 (S-2); FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, p. 995 n. 3. 11. SCOR, 3rd year, 283rd mtg (16-17 April 1948), pp. 38-40; 287th mtg (23 April 1948), pp. 15--33; SC res. 48 (S/727) , 23 April 1948; S/845 , 21 June 1948 (mimeo); Organization and Procedure of Organs: no. X, me• diator and acting mediator for Palestine, memorandum submitted by the Secretary- to the Interim Committee of the General Assembly, 1950, para. 59; GA res. 194 (III). 12. TCOR, 2nd session, 3rd part, Annex, pp. 2-3, Al544; GAOR, 2nd special session, Annex, p. 38 (AlC.1I298); 135th plenary mtg (14 May 1948), pp. 33--6; GA res. 187 (S-2), 6 May 1948; S-ydney D. Bailey, 'Non-official mediation in disputes: reflections on Quaker experience', International Affairs, vol. 61, no. 2 (1985), pp. 206-7. 13. GAOR, 2nd special session, Annex, p. 44 (AlC.1/299); First Committee, 140th mtg (13 May 1948), pp. 242-9; GA res. 186 (S-2), 14 May 1948; SCOR, 3rd year, 358th mtg (18 September 1948), p. 2; Garcia-Granados, pp. 285--6. 14. The Security Council used a variety of formulations in calling for or ordering a halt to the fighting in 1948. The period from 11 June to 9 July 1948 was usually known as the 'First Truce', and the period from 18 July as the 'Second Truce': it would have been more correct to call them cease-fires, and I have done so except in quotations. 15. GA res. 194 (III), 11 December 1948, and 212 (III), 19 November 1948; SC res. 72 and 73 (S/1376, I and II), 11 August 1949; Venkata Raman, The Ways of the Peacemaker: A Study of United Nations Intermediary Assistance in the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes, UN Institute for Training and Research, 1975 (PS no. 8) p.46. 16. SC res. 50 (S/801) , 29 May 1948; S/928 , 28 July 1948 (mimeo), p. 6; , To , p. 250; , Israel's Armistice Agree• ments with the Arab States, p. 18 n. 8; N. Bar-Yaacov, The Israel-Syrian Armistice: Problems of Implementation, 1949-1966, p. 295; see also GAOR, 3rd session, Supplement no. 11, Al648 (hereafter cited as 'Bernadotte's Report'), pp. 38, 40; SC res. 73 (S/1376, II), 11 August 1949. 17. GA res. 194 (III). 18. After the lapse of the Mandate, the British consul-general in continued to address communications to 'the Jewish authorities at ', but the letters were returned unopened. When crossing the Atlantic in the Queen Elizabeth Abba Eban met Sir Alexander Cadogan, Britain's UN ambassador, emerging from the ship's chapel. Although Eban considered that Cadogan had always treated him with 'frigid disdain', there was a polite conversation, but Eban was unable to forbear from asking Cadogan if he had been praying to the God of Abraham, Isaac, and the Jewish authorities: Eban, pp. 137,151; , The First Ten Years: A Diplomatic , p. 8; James G. McDonald, My Mission in Israel, 1948-1951, p. 20. 19. Allon, esp. pp. 3, 16, 117-19, 123-30, 219-21; Nicholas Bethell, The Palestine Triangle: The Struggle between the British, the Jews and the Arabs 1935-48, London, Deutsch, 1979, p. 126; Jon Kimche, Seven Fallen Pillars: the Middle East, 1948-1952, pp. 153 n., 154, 170-2, 182, 184-5,232,242-3. 20. Hassouna, pp. 287-9; John and Hadawi, p. 286 n.; John Glubb, Britain and the Arabs: A Study of Fifty Years, 1908-1958, London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1959, p. 287; GAOR, 3rd session, First Committee, Annexes, pp. 21-3, AlC.1/335 and AlC.1I339, 15 and 17 1947. 21. SCOR, 3rd year, 253rd mtg (24 February 1948), pp. 226-7, 271-2; 254th mtg 428 Notes and References to pp. 9-15

(24 February 1948), pp. 247-92; 258th mtg (27 February 1948), p. 344; 260th mtg (2 March 1948), pp. 400, 402-3; 261st mtg (3 March 1948), p. 6; 262nd mtg (5 March 1948), pp. 2~; 263rd mtg (5 March 1948), pp. 34-44; SC res. 42 (S/691), 5 March 1948. 22. Report on the Work of the International Committee of the Red Cross, 1 July 1947-31 December 1948, , 1949, pp. 102-4; International Committee of the Red Cross in Palestine, pp. 1-4; Jacques de Reyner, A Jerusalem un drapeau flottait sur la ligne de feu, pp. 46-51, 68. 23. Meir, pp. 131, 164; Eban, p. 89; Brecher, p. 563. 24. Nahum Goldmann, The Jewish Paradox, trans. Steve Cox, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1978, p. 88; Maxime Rodinson, Israel and the Arabs, p. 14; Pablo de AZClirate y Florez, Mission in Palestine, 1948-1952, pp. 5-9, 14-15; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, p. 974; SCOR, 3rd year, Special Supplement no. 2, pp. 20-8, S/695. 25. SCOR, 3rd year, 270th mtg (19 March 1948), pp. 142-3. 26. Ibid., 271st mtg (19 March 1948), pp. 167-8, 169; Department of State Bulletin, 28 March 1948, p. 408; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 565, 580, 617-18, 624, 628,640,644,697 n. 2, 740, 743, 744 n. 2,748-9, 750, 862 n. 1; see also Sumner Welles, We Need Not Fail, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1948, pp. 70, 71, 84; Jonathan Daniels, The Man of Independence, pp. 318-19; Phillip Jessup, The Birth of Nations, pp. 262-74; Garcia-Granados, p. 271. 27. SC res. 43 and 44 (SI714, I and II), 1 April 1948; SCOR, 3rd year, 277th mtg (1 April 1948), pp. 36-40. 28. Glubb, p. 80; Larry Collins and , a Jerusalem!, pp. 276-7. 29. , Story of my Life, pp. 71,73,99, 100. 30. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, p. 890. 31. Kimche, pp. 227-8; Glubb, p. 81; Azcarate, pp. 18-19; Harry Levin, Jerusalem Embattled: A Diary of the City under Siege, pp. 57-8; John and Hadawi, p. 328; Collins and Lapierre, pp. 272--6,278-81; Uri Avnery, Israel without Zionists: A Plea for Peace in the Middle East, pp. 195--6. 32. Reynier, pp. 69-77, 213; Azcarate, pp. 18-19; Levin, p. 59; R. M. Graves, Experiment in Anarchy, London, Gollancz, 1949, p. 179; Eric Silver, 'New accounts of ', Guardian, 9 April 1983, p. 15. 33. Begin, pp. 162-5; Samuel Katz, Days of Fire, pp. 214-16. 34. Azcarate, pp. 18-19; Reynier, pp. 79-81; Levin, pp. 68-9, 71; Graves, pp. 179-82. 35. SCOR, 3rd year, 282nd mtg (15 April 1948), pp. 2-4, 8-21; 283rd mtg (16-17 April 1948), pp. 2--6, 9-20, 22-3, and 40; GAOR, 3rd session, Supplement no. 2, p. 83, S1722; SC res. 46 (S/723), 16-17 April 1948; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 803 n. 4, 809-11, 817-21. 36. Kimche, p. 226; Kimche and Kimche, pp. 86-7; Collins and Lapierre, pp. 245--6. 37. Azcarate, p. 24; Kimche and Kimche, pp. 118-24; Kimche, pp. 228-30; Levin, pp. 81, 90; John and Hadawi, pp. 333-5; Erskine B. Childers, 'The Other Exodus', Spectator, 12 May 1961, p. 673. 38. SCOR, 3rd year, 287th mtg (23 April 1948), pp. 7-33; SC res. 48 (S1727), 23 April 1948; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, 1976, p. 852. 39. Azcarate, pp. 38-41,47,80-4,93; SCOR, 3rd year, 291st mtg (12 May 1948), p. 2, S1741; 299th mtg (21 May 1948), p. 3, S1762; Supplement for May 1948, pp. 97-8, S1778; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, p. 1176. 40. William Burdett served on the Truce Commission between Wasson's death and the arrival of Macdonald, and again after Macdonald's departure. He was later to assist Robert Murphy over the Canal question in 1956. Dov Joseph, The Notes and References to pp. 15-19 429

Faithful City: The Siege of Jerusalem, 1948, pp. 267-77; Azcarate, pp. 12, 38, 45-6, 55, 8~2, 89-91; Bilby, pp. 202-3. 41. Bernadotte's Report, p. 33. 42. Kimche and Kimche, pp. 124-8; AlIon, pp. 196-218. 43. Ben-Gurion, Israel.' A Personal History, pp. 112, 150; Begin, pp. 352-69; Katz, pp. 218-21; Kimche and Kimche, pp. 129-30; Kimche, pp. 233-4; Levin, pp. 135, 226-8; Bernadotte, p. 43; Glubb, pp. 78, 80, 110, 126, 165; Zeev Sharef, Three Days, pp. 195-204; John and Hadawi, p. 339. 44. Kimche and Kimche, pp. 136-7; Levin, pp. 96-7, 131; Sharef, p. 113; John and Hadawi, pp. 339-40; Collins and Lapierre, p. 322; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, p. 889; Qawuqji, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 12-3. 45. Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 133; Kimche and Kimche, pp. 139-41; Sharef, pp. 247-55; Lorch, p. 129. 46. SCOR, 3rd year, 291st mtg (12 May 1948), pp. 2-21, S/741; Supplement for May 1948, pp. 37-8,42-54, S/730, S/732, S/736, S/738; Azcarate, pp. 39-41, 83. 47. Bernadotte, p. 85; Azcarate, pp. 47-8, 53. 48. Reynier, pp. 86-9, 93-4; Hospital Localities and Safety Zones, Geneva, Inter• national Committee of the Red Cross, 1952, pp. 23-4, 26-36; International Committee of the Red Cross in Palestine, p. 5-7; Bernadotte, p. 140; Azcarate, pp. 47-8, 124-5; David Forsythe, Humanitarian Politics: The International Committee of the Red Cross, p. 104; SCOR, 12th year, Supplement for July to September 1957, pp. 38-9, 50, para. 3 of, and Annex D to, S/3892; Richard Deming, Heroes of the International Red Cross, Geneva, ICRC, 1982 ed., pp. 12~33. 49. Report on the Work of the International Committee of the Red Cross, 1 July 1947-31 December 1948, Geneva, 1949, pp. 105, 107-9; Hospital Localities and Safety Zones, Geneva, International Committe of the Red Cross, 1952, pp. 24-6; SCOR, 3rd year, 291st mtg (12 May 1948), pp. 2-3, S/741, S/742; Reynier, p. 111; Azcarate, pp. 38-41,83; Levin, p. 138; Sharef, pp. 114-23,259-60; John and Hadawi, p. 347; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 872-3,914,927-9,954 n. 1, 971-2, 986; Paul Mohn, 'Jerusalem and the United Nations', pp. 457, 459. 50. Meir, pp. 176-9; Dayan, p. 108; Ben-Gurion, Israel.' A Personal History, pp. 9~1; Kadi, pp. 58-9; Bar-Zohar, pp. 157-8, 160; Sharef, pp. 70, 72-6; Alec Kirkbride, From the Wings: Memoirs 1947-1951, pp. 21-2; Collins and Lapierre, pp. 344-5; SCOR, 3rd year, 301st mtg (22 May 1948), p. 10; FRUS, 1947, vol. V, p. 1254; 1948, vol. V part 2, 1976, pp. 535, 971 n. 1; Shlaim, pp. 110, 205-14. 51. GAOR, 2nd special session, Supplement no. 1, Al532; Garcia-Granados, pp. 271,278; Jessup, pp. 274, 300. 52. TCOR, 2nd session, 3rd part, Annex, pp. 2-3, Al544; GAOR, 2nd special session, First Committee, 141st mtg (14 May 1948), pp. 264. 266; 135th plenary mtg (14 May 1948), pp. 33-6; Annex, p. 37 (AlC1I298); GA res 187 (S-2), 6 May 1948; Azcarate, pp. 32-3,49-50,62-3; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 913, 917 n. 2,926-7. 53. Azcarate, pp. 49-50, 62-3; Sydney D. Bailey, 'Non-official mediation in dis• putes: reflections on Quaker experience', International Affairs, vol. 61, no. 2, pp.206-7. 54. GAOR, 2nd special session, Annex, p. 44 (AlC.1I298); 135th plenary mtg (14 May 1948), pp. 33-6; GA res. 186 (S-2), 14 May 1948; Trygve Lie, In the Cause of Peace, pp. 181, 185; Azcarate, pp. 33,35,92-5; Eytan, p. 24; Joseph, pp. 284, 307; Levin, p. 239; McDonald, pp. ~2; Jessup, pp. 274-83, 301. 55. Goldmann, p. 288; Sharef, pp. 81-3; Garcia-Granados, pp. 284-5; FRUS, 1948, 430 Notes and References to pp. 20-5

vol. V part 2, p. 891 n. 1,893; Bernard Postal and Henry W. Levy, And the Hills Shouted for Joy: The Day Israel was Born, New York, McKay, 1973, p. 294; Clark M. Clifford, 'Recognizing Israel', pp. 4-11. 56. Ben-Gurion, Israel: Years of Challenge, pp. 40-3; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Per• sonal History, pp. 7~7; Bar-Zohar, pp. 161-3; Eytan, p. 10; Clifford, pp. 4-5; Sharef, p. 132; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, p. 989; Israel and the United Nations, p. 31; Brecher, pp. 258-9,266,367,559. 57. Public Papers of the Presidents of the : Harry S. Truman, 1948, Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office, 1964, p. 258; Harry S. Truman, Memoirs, vol. II, Years of Trial and Hope, p. 164; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 964, 975, 989, 991 n. 1,992-5,1005-7,1015 n. 2, 103~7; Jessup, pp. 283-300; Daniels, pp. 319-20; Joseph P. Lash, Eleanor: The Years Alone, New York, Norton, 1972, p. 133; Garcia-Granados, pp. 287-9; Arnold Krammer, The Forgotten Friendship: Israel and the Soviet Bloc, 1947-53, pp. 28-9; Ben• Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 113; Eytan, pp. 9-11; Chaim Weizmann, Trial and Error, New York, Harper, 1949, pp. 477-9; Weisgal and Carmichael, pp. 310-11; Sharef, pp. 230-44, 297-8; McDonald, p. 6. For evidence of domestic Jewish pressure in the United States, see FRUS, 1946, vol. VII, pp. 674,694; 1947, vol. V,pp. 1010,1014,1039,1050,1051,1057,1088,1121,1164, 1192, 1240, 1288; 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 841, 878, 930, 1501. 58. Azcarate, p. 43; SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for May 1948, pp. 83-90, S1745, S1747, and S1748; 292nd mtg (15 May 1948), pp. 2-3, S1743. 59. Lie, pp. 174-85; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 999-1001; Odd Bull, War and Peace in the Middle East: The Experiences and Views of a u.N. Observer, p. 38. 60. SCOR, 3rd year, 292nd mtg (15 May 1948), pp. 9-11, 1~20; Hassouna, pp. 330-1. 61. SCOR, 3rd year, 299th mtg (21 May 1948), p. 4; 303rd mtg (24 May 1948) pp. 40-1. 62. Ibid., 299th mtg (21 May 1948), p. 4; 301st mtg (22 May 1948), pp. ~17; Supplement for May 1948, pp. 95-6, 98, S1772, S1779. 63. 'Abdallah, pp. 23-4; Kimche and Kimche, pp. 164-7, 170-5, 180-3; Kirkbride, p. 30; AlIon, p. 33. 64. SCOR, 3rd year, 293rd mtg (17 May 1948), pp. 2,8; 296th mtg (19 May 1948), pp. 2-23; 297th mtg (20 May 1948), pp. 4-10, 12; 298th mtg (20 May 1948), pp. 13-32; 299th mtg (21 May 1948), pp. 5-18; 301st mtg (22 May 1948), pp. 18-28; 302nd mtg (22 May 1948), pp. 31-66; se res. 49 (S1773), 22 May 1948; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, p. 1019. 65. Kimche and Kimche, pp. 165, 174-7, 183-5; Glubb, p. 126; Mohammed Neguib, 's Destiny, pp. 21-2; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 276; AlIon, pp. 34-6. 66. Azcarate, pp. 62,66-79; Reynier, pp. 123, 142-3; International Committee of the Red Cross in Palestine, pp. 10-11,21-3; Report on the Work of the International Committee of the Red Cross, 1 July 1947-31 December 1948, Geneva, 1949, p. 106; Bernadotte, p. 43; Joseph, pp. 166-75; Levin, pp. 207-10; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp, 1075-6; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 120; Ben-Gurion, Israel: Years of Challenge, p. 30; , The Rabin Memoirs, Boston, Little, Brown, 1979, p. 32; Glubb, pp. 127-30. 67. Bernadotte's Report, p. 3; Bernadotte, pp. 17-20. 68. Lorch, p. 258; Levin, p. 239; Bernadotte, pp. 17, 107; Azcarate, pp. 13,93,95; Reynier, pp. 148-9; Meir, p. 199. 69. SCOR, 3rd year, 303rd mtg (24 May 1948), pp. 37, 38,40; 305th mtg (26 May 1948), pp. 44-52; 306th mtg (27 May 1948), pp. 3-9, 12-13; 307th mtg (28 May Notes and References to pp. 25-30 431

1948), pp. 2-13; 308th mtg (28 May 1948), p. 37; 309th mtg (29 May 1948), p. 2; Supplement for May 1948, pp. 98-102, S1779, S1783, S1788, SI794/Rev. 2; Eban, p. 123; see the article cited in FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, p. 1075, also pp. 1067-9; SC res. 50 (S/801), 29 May 1948. See also SCaR, 3rd year, Supplement for July 1948, pp. 25-6, 31-3,40--5,82--6, S/868, S/876, S/883, S/885, S/908; 337th mtg (15 July 1948), pp. 4, 13; 354th mtg (19 August 1948), pp. 48-9; 365th mtg (14 October 1948), p. 23; 381st mtg (16 November 1948), p. 43. 70. Bernadotte, pp. 28, 32-5; Azcarate, pp. 30, 88, 97-8. 71. Bernadotte, pp. 36-9; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 120. 72. Bernadotte, pp. 40--2, 45; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 118, 121, 141. 73. SCaR, 3rd year, 311th mtg (2 June 1948), pp. 2-16, S/804, S/805, S/81O, S/815; 313th mtg (3 June 1948), p. 29; Supplement for June 1948, pp. 72-7, S/802, S/811 , S/813, S/823; Bernadotte, pp. 52-5, 182, 193-4; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1086-7, 1090--1, 1098-9; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 130--2, 135, 138-42. 74. Bernadotte, pp. 55-72,74--6; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 142-3, SCaR, 314th mtg (7 June 1948), pp. 1-2; Supplement for June 1948, pp. 81-4, S/829. 75. Dayan, p. 73; Allon, pp. 38-9; , David's Sling, pp. 32-4; Bar• Zohar, pp. 148,152; Krammer, pp. 60-5,78-106,110--11. 76. Study group of the Egyptian Society of International Law, Egypt and the United Nations, New York, Manhattan Publishing 1957 (under the auspices of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace), p. 57; Azcarate, p. 99. 77. Bernadotte, pp. 76-9; Lie, p. 187; David Ben-Gurion, Rebirth and Destiny of Israel, pp. 246-7; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 144; SCaR, 3rd year, 317th mtg (10 June 1948), pp. 37-8, S/830, S/831; Supplement for June 1948, pp. 79-89, S/826, S/829, S/833, S/834, S/838. 78. O'Baliance, pp. 108-9, 123; Levin, pp. 226-8. 79. SCaR, 3rd year, 299th mtg (21 May 1948), p. 3, S/762; 301st mtg (22 May 1948), p. 29; 313th mtg (3 June 1948), pp. 22--6; 314th mtg (7 June 1948), pp. 3--7; 317th mtg (10 June 1948), pp. 40--6; 320th mtg (15 June 1948), pp. 6-13; 331st mtg (7 July 1948), pp. 32-4; Supplement for May 1948, pp. 97-8, S1778; S/1025, 5 October 1948 (mimeo), paras. 3-4; Bernadotte's Report, pp. 32-3; Bernadotte, pp.32,45-6,48,54,56,57,68, 79-80,82,89,90--1; Lie,pp. 187-8;FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1079-80, 1095, 1103, 1112, 1139. Bernadotte reported that some of the guards soon returned home, complaining loudly that the work was dangerous and the food disaggreeable: Bernadotte, p. 198. 80. Bernadotte's Report, pp. 33-4; SCaR, 3rd year, Supplement for July 1948, pp. 65-73, 109--12, S/892, S/922; S/1025 , 5 October 1948 (mimeo), paras. 5-10, 16-20, 26-9, 39-46, and pp. 28-38. 81. SCaR, 3rd year, Supplement for June 1948, pp. 90--1, S/839; 320th mtg (15 June 1948), pp. 2-3, S/837, S/84O; S11025, 5 October 1948 (mimeo), paras. 11-15. 82. Lie, p. 181; Azcarate, p. 101; Glubb, pp. 149,211; Kirkbride, pp. 34-5, 53, 63; Fred J. Khouri, The Arab-Israeli Dilemma, p. 72. 83. Bernadotte's Report, pp. 34, 39; Bernadotte, pp. 124-5; S11025, 5 October 1948 (mimeo), para. 30; Organization and Procedure of United Nations Com• missions: no. X, Mediator and Acting Mediator for Palestine, memorandum submitted by the Secretary-General to the Interim Committee of the General Assembly, 1950, para. 137. 84. S/845 , 21 June 1948 (mimeo); S/1025 , 5 October 1948 (mimeo), para. 23; Bernadotte's Report, p. 35; Dayan, p. 115. 432 Notes and References to pp. 30-4

85. SI1025 , 5 October 1948 (mimeo), para. 25; SCOR, 13th year, Supplement for April-June 1958, p. 94 (para. 80 of S/4030); Theodor Meron, 'The Demilitariza• tion of Mount Scopus: A Regime that was', pp. 501-25. 86. SCOR, 8th year, Supplement for April-June 1953, pp. 3(}-1, Annex to S/3015; Bernadotte's Report, pp. 12, 35; Bernadotte, pp. 137-8, 14(}-1, 198-9; Azcarate, pp. 187-8; Joseph, pp. 248-9; Glubb, pp. 145-6. 87. Bernadotte's Report, pp. 34--6; Bernadotte, pp. 82-3, 89-90. 88. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for July 1948, pp. 49-51, paras. 6-11 of S/888; 333rd mtg (13 July 1948), pp. 3-4, 15-18; see also Supplement for July 1948, pp. 22-4, 45-7, S/864, S/886; S/1025, 5 October 1948 (mimeo), paras. 2, 31-3; Bernadotte. p. 56; Bernadotte's Report, p. 34. 89. Ben-Gurion. Rebirth and Destiny of Israel, pp. 251-60; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 132-3,135,165-73; Bar-Zohar, pp. 17(}-5; Peres, p. 165; Begin, pp. 154--8,166-75; Katz, pp. 206, 228, 232-50; SCOR, 3rd year, Supple• ment for July 1948, pp. 1, 13-18, S/854; S/861 and Add. 1; SI1025 , 5 October 1948 (mimeo), para. 36; Bernadotte's Report, pp. 34--5; Bernadotte, pp. 91, 115-17, 123-4, 148; Bilby, pp. 119-25. 90. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for July 1948, pp. 7-11,18, S/856 and Adds. 1 and 2, S/862; S/1025, 5 October 1948 (mimeo), para. 37; Bernadotte's Report, p. 35; Bernadotte, pp. 12(}-3; Azcarate, pp. 101-2. 91. Bernadotte, pp. 14(}-1, 145; SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for July 1948, pp. 26-7, S/869; S/1025, 5 October 1948 (mimeo), 5 October 1948, paras. 22, 38; Bernadotte's Report, pp. 35-6; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 207-8; Azcarate, pp. 89,98; Joseph, pp. 218, 226, 228-33; Lorch, p. 245; Glubb, p. 143; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, p. 1176. 92. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, 1976, pp. 1138 n., 1161; SCOR, 3rd year, Supple• ment for July 1948, pp. 12-13, 18-21, 24--5, S/860, S/863, S/865; S/1025 , 5 October 1948 (mimeo), paras. 5(}-2; Bernadotte's Report, pp. 5-10, 15-18,22-6; Bernadotte. pp. 33, 94, 11(}-15 , 118-19. 125-32. 146. 153-8. 240; Lie. p. 188; Joseph, pp. 285-9; 'Abdallah, p. 12; Khouri. p. 78. 93. Bernadotte's Report, pp. 19-22; SCOR, 3rd year, 333rd mtg (13 July 1948), p. 6; Bernadotte, pp. 70, 100-4, 113, 144--6, 159, 185; Mohamed Heikal. Sphinx and Commissar: The Rise and Fall of Soviet Influence in the , London. Collins, 1978, p. 52; FRUS. 1947, vol. V, pp. 1007, 1171, 1291, 1310; 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1349, 1352; 1949, vol. VI, pp. 618 f.n. 4, 621, 625, 638, 704, 743, 1226; 1950, vol. V, pp. 785, 787, 796. 94. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for July 1948, pp. 27-30, S/870; Bernadotte's Report, pp. 24--5; Bernadotte, pp. 105, 149-53; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 148-51,198; McDonald. p. 19. 95. Bernadotte's Report, pp. 22-4. 96. Ibid., pp. 25-6. 97. Reynier, p. 217; Allon, p. 37; Lorch, p. 258; McDonald, p. 41; Azcarate, p. 99; Bernadotte's Report, p. 36. 98. SC res. 53 (S/875), 7 July 1948; SCOR, 3rd year, 330th mtg (7 July 1948), pp. 2-10. 99. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for July 1948, pp. 24--5, 31-4, 36-45, 55, 63-4, S/865, S/876, S/878, S/881 and Add. 1, S/882, S/883, S/884, S/885, S/887, paras. 18-19 of S/888, S/889; 332nd mtg (8 July 1948), pp. 2-4 and 9-23, S/871, S/872; 333rd mtg (13 July 1948), p. 7; Bernadotte, pp. 161-3; Azcarate, pp. 99-100; Lie, p. 188; 'Abdallah, p. 25; Glubb, pp. 149-51; John Glubb, Britain and the Arabs: A Study of Fifty Years, 1908-1958, London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1959, p. 288; Khouri, p. 79; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 201-2; Notes and References to pp. 34-40 433

Collins and Lapierre, p. 529; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1114-15, 1220, 1228; 1949, vol. VI, pp. 703-4. 100. SCOR, 3rd year, 333rd mtg (13 July 1948), pp. 1-9; Bernadotte, pp. 166-76; Azcarate, p. 96. 1Ol. SCOR, 3rd year, 338th mtg (15 July 1948), pp. 25-31; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 200, 207-10, 214; Azcarate, p. 13. 102. SCOR, 3rd year, 334th mtg (13 July 1948), pp. 23-54; 335th mtg (14 July 1948), pp. 2-5; 336th mtg (14 July 1948), pp. 22,25,30; 337th mtg (15 July 1948), pp. 8-9, 11; 338th mtg (15 July 1948), pp. 44,47,49,63-6; SC res. 54 (S/902), 15 July 1948; Lie, p. 185; Levin, p. 279; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1127-9, 1197, 1205-10, 1228-30. 103. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for July 1948, pp. 64-5,75-6,84-9,106-9, S/891, S/900, S/915, S/920; Kimche, pp. 227-8; Glubb, pp. 162-3; Bernadotte, p. 200; Reynier, pp. 84, 213, 218-19; Levin, pp. 279, 282; Bilby, pp. 74, 105-{); Begin, pp. 154-5, 314; Goldmann, p. 311; Collins and Lapierre, p. 55l. 104. Joseph, pp. 248-52; Neguib, p. 22; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 188. 105. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for July 1948, pp. 77-8, 80-{), S/903, S/907, S/908; Bernadotte's Report, p. 37; Azcarate. p. 99; Glubb, p. 199; Ben-Gurion, Rebirth and Destiny of Israel, pp. 261-4. 106. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for July 1948, pp. 77-82, S/903, S/906, S/907; Bernadotte's Report, pp. 39,41; Reynier, p. 94; E. L. M. Burns, Between Arab and Israeli, pp. 49, 162; Bull, pp. 60--1; Sami Hadawi, Bitter Harvest: Palestine between 1914-1967, p. 134. 107. Bernadotte's Report, pp. 37-8; Bernadotte, pp. 73, 177-8, 182, 191-5,200,203; Reynier, p. 219; Azcarate, pp. 100--1; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1227-8, 1230--1,1235,1239,1251,1264-5,1274-5,1309,1335. 108. S/928, 28 July 1948 (mimeo), pp. 1, 6-7. 109. SCOR, 3rd year, 332nd mtg (8 July 1948), pp. 2-5, S/872 and S/873; Supple• ment for July 1948, pp. 61 and 79-80, para. 31 of S/888, and S/906; 349th mtg (13 August 1948), pp. 20, 24; Supplement for July 1948, pp. 162-3, S/979; Bernadotte's Report, pp. 12-13; S/928, 28 July 1948 (mimeo); Bernadotte, pp. 182-9, 199-204; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1250, 1258, 1276-7, 1294; 'Abdallah, pp. 13, 22; Mohn, p. 466; Glubb, p. 276. no. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for August 1948, pp. 146-7, 151-4; Annex to S/955 and S/96l. 11l. Ibid., 354th mtg (19 August 1948), pp. 40--1, S/977; Supplement for August 1948; pp. 162-3, S/979; SC res. 56 (S/983), 19 Aug. 1948; Bernadotte's Report, p. 18; Bernadotte, p. 220. 112. S/992 , 7 September 1948 (mimeo); SCOR, 12th year, Supplement for July• September 1957, pp. 38-9, 50--1, para. 3 of and Annex D to S/3892. 113. Bernadotte's Report, pp. 16,36; Mohn, pp. 425-47. 114. FRUS, 1948; vol. V part 2, pp. 1297, 1301, 1314, 1317, 1319, 1353, 1541; Bernadotte's Report, pp. 39-42; Bernadotte, pp. 43, 188,203, 204, 207, 220; Joseph, pp. 261-2. 115. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for October 1948, pp. 46-8, S1l022; Joseph, p.265. 116. Bernadotte's Report, pp. 40--1; Bernadotte, pp. 226-7; SCOR, 3rd year, Sup• plement for August 1948, p. 151, S/958; Azcarate, pp. 102-3; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 325. 117. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for August 1948, pp. 84-5, 155-6, 160--2, S/938, S/963, S/966; 349th mtg (12 August 1948), pp. 16-19, 32-{), 43-6; O'Ballance, 434 Notes and References to pp. 40-4

p. 167; Bernadotte's Report, pp. 39-40; Bernadotte, pp. 193-4,215-17, 225; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 269; Joseph, pp. 263-5; Collins and Lapierre, p. 542. 118. Bernadotte's Report, p. 40; S/992, 7 September 1948 (mimeo), Bernadotte, pp. 224, 254-5; Azcarate, p. 126; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1319, 1375. 119. Bernadotte's Report, p. 40; Bernadotte, pp. 225-{i. 120. Ibid., pp. 32, 35, 69, 71, 83, 112-15, 163-4, 181-8,228-33; Azcarate, p. 99; Collins and Lapierre, pp. 529-30. 121. Bernadotte, pp. 184, 188-90, 199-200,203-4,207-10,212,221,222-3; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1151, 1212, 1298, 1301-2, 1353, 1364, 1366; Ben• Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 231, 283; Israel and the United Nations, pp. 117,291,293. 122. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1222, 1266-71, 1288-94, 1303-6, 1308-10, 1340-1, 1352-9, 1363, 1365-6, 1371-5, 1381-2, 1387-90, 1392, 1394-1400, 1420, 1485-6. Nahum Goldmann, a leading Zionist, had told Bernadotte in May that Britain wanted to give the Negev south of the 31st parallel to Transjordan and to compensate Israel with western Galilee: Bernadotte, p. 10. 123. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 12%, 1307, 1384-6, 1428-9, 1450-3, 1472-4. 124. Bernadotte's Report, pp. 3, 5-{i, 10-11, 43; Glubb, p. 226. 125. Bernadotte's Report, pp. 5-{i, 15-16; Bernadotte, p. 224. 126. Bernadotte's Report, pp. 3, 11, 15, 31, 36, 44; Bernadotte, pp. 188-9, 199-200, 220,222-3; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 246; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1298-1302, 1313-15, 1352-4, 1364, 1366-9. 127. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 763, 1307, 1321, 1327-8, 1334 n. 1, 1337; Bernadotte's Report, pp. 10-13, 15-18; Ben-Gurion, Israel.· A Personal History, p. 270; Joseph, pp. 312-13. 128. Bernadotte's Report, pp. 17-19. 129. Bernadotte's Report, pp. 6-7, 10, 13-14,27-8,47-53; Lie, pp. 196-7. 130. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for August 1948, pp. 103-8, 149-51, 155-6, 158-9, S/948, S/949, second part of S/957, S/962, S/964, part 2 of S/965; GAOR, 3rd session, Supplement no. llA, Al689 and Add. 1, p. 5; Bernadotte's Report, pp. 7, 10, 13-14,27-8,43,47-53; Bernadotte, pp. 189-90, 196,204; Lie, pp. 195-{i. 131. Ben-Gurion, Israel: Years of Challenge, pp. 32, 34, 37; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 151, 279, 311; Bar-Zohar, The Armed Prophet: A Biography of Ben-Gurion, trans. Len Ortzen, London, Barker, 1967, pp. 109, 155, 157-8; in Sepher Hapalmach, ed. Z. Gilead with M. Megged, Tel Aviv, Hakibutz Hameuchad, 1954, 3rd ed, vol. 2, p. 286; Joseph, pp. 292-3; Levin, pp. 160, 282; Avnery, p. 197; , The birth of the Palestinian refl.!gee Problem, 1947-1949, esp. pp. 62-5, 115, 141, 149, 158,291; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, 1977, p. 1105. 132. Erskine B. Childers, 'The Other Exodus', Spectator, 12 May 1961, p. 672; Morris, pp. 66, 69, 129, 290; Rony E. Gabbay, A political study of the Arab-Jewish Conflict; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1248-9, 1295, 1331-2, 1346-7; 1949, vol. VI, pp. 893, 903, 913-14, 954, 957, 959, 975, 1017, 1021, 1034-5, 1060-3, 1066, 1125, 1128, 1136, 1138, 1161, 1204, 1216; SCOR, 3rd year, 343rd mtg (2 August 1948), pp. 5-7, 10-11, 13, 20-1; 352nd mtg (18 August 1948), pp. 6-19, 24-6, 354th mtg (19 August 1948), pp. 55-{i; Supplement for August 1948, pp. 103-8, S/948; Reynier, p. 221; McDonald, pp. 160-1; Bilby, pp. 89,253. 133. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for August 1948, pp. 100-3, 148-51, 157-9, S/946, first and third parts of S/957, parts 1 and 4 of S/965; 349th mtg (18 August Notes and References to pp. 45-8 435

1948), pp. 36-42; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 268, 'Abdallah, p. 13; Zurayk, pp. 62-3; Jon and David Kimche have written movingly of Jewish migration to Palestine in The Secret Roads: The 'Illegal' Migration of a People 1938-1948, London, Seeker & Warburg, 1954; see also Ehud Avriel, Open the Gates!, New York, Atheneum, 1975. 134. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1412-13; SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for October 1948, pp. 1-9, SI1004, S/I005, SI1007, SI1008; 358th mtg (18 Septem• ber 1948), pp. 1-10; 365th mtg (14 October 1948), pp. 14-17,29-31; SC res. 57, 18 September 1948; Bernadotte, pp. 245-77; Reynier, pp. 177-8; Lie, pp. 190-1; Azcarate, pp. 103-4; Bilby, pp. 136, 161-2; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 265-6; Dayan p. 99; Joseph, pp. 297-305; McDonald, pp. 6S-77; Glubb, pp. 181-3; Shlaim, p. 293; Amitzur Han, Bernadotte in Palestine, 1948, London, Macmillan, 1989, pp. 196, 203-4, 214, 233; Simha Hapan, The Birth of Israel.· myths and realities, p. 214. 135. Bilby, pp. 25S-9; Goldmann, p. 246; Kimche, pp. 272-3. 136. GA res. 258 (III), 3 December 1948; Lie, pp. 193-4. 137. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1244, 1263, 1291-4, 129S-1300, 1313-15, 1327-8, 1336-7, 1339-40, 1392-4, 139S-1400, 1445 n. 2, 1476; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 276; Glubb, p. 213, 217; McDonald, pp. 46-7; Kirkbride, p. 30; O'Ballance, 1956, pp. 165-7. 138. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1244, 1292, 1296, 1299, 1307, 1315, 1321, 1336-7,1339-40,1366-9,1375-8,1384-6, 142S-9, 1450-3, 1472-4; McDonald, pp. 46-7; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 269, 278, 280; Weisgal and Carmichael, p. 274; Bar-Zohar, p. 181. 139. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for October 1948, pp. 55-63, paras. 9-15 of and Annex to S11042. 140. Ibid., pp. 60-1, para. 16 of S/1042; Dan Kurzman, Genesis 1948: The First Arab-Israeli war, p. 576; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 280; Bar-Zohar, pp. 181-4; Allon, pp. 38-40; Kirkbride, p. 60; Azcarate, p. 105; Shlaim, p. 321; letter from Sir John Glubb, 5 April 1977. 141. Letter from Sir John Glubb, 5 April 1977. 142. SCOR, 3rd year, 365th mtg (14 October 1948), pp. 1S-20, 32-7; Supplement for October 1948, pp. 46-50, S/1022, S11023. 143. Joseph, pp. 216-7, 271-2. 144. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1221-2, 1313-15, 1351, 1363, 1380-1, 1409-12, 1415-17, 1420, 1431, 143S-9, 1445-6, 144S-50, 1463-5, 1470-1. 145. Ibid., pp. 1303-6, 130S-1O, 1354-7, 1366-9, 1377-8, 139S-1400. 146. Ibid., pp. 1430-1, 1437-9, 1459-60, 1489-90, 1496-7; Truman, vol. II, p. 167. 147. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1375-7, 1384-6, 1392-4, 14OS-9, 1414-15, 142S-9, 1450-1. 148. Letter from Sir James Fawcett to the author, 18 April 1977. 149. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for October 1948, pp. 56-7, S/1042. 150. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for October 1948, pp. 61-2, para. 17 of S11042; 367th mtg (19 October 1948), pp. 2-{), 14-17,37-9, S/1044; SC res. 59 (S/1045), 19 October 1948. 151. Azcarate, pp. 105-6. 152. Eban, p. 132; Kimche, p. 274; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1526-7. 153. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1490 n. 4, 1498, 1502-4. 154. John Snetsinger, Truman, the Jewish Vote, and the Creation of Israel, Stanford, Calif., Hoover Institution, 1974, p. 129; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1507-9, 1514-15, 1520. 155. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, p. 1509; Truman, vol. II, pp. 167-8. 436 Notes and References to pp. 48-51

156. SCOR, 3rd year, 373rd mtg (26 October 1948), pp. 3-6, paras. 1-11 of S/1055. 157. Ibid., pp. 2-7 (S/1053, S/1055), 23-5; Supplement for November 1948, pp. 8-11, S1l071. 158. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for October 1948, pp. 70-2, S/I058; 373rd mtg (26 October 1948), pp. 8-27. 159. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1518-24. 160. SCOR, 3rd year, 374th mtg (28 October 1948), pp. 2-9, 31-2. 161. Ibid., pp. 12-23,32-3,36-40. 162. Truman, vol. II, p. 168. 163. SCOR, 3rd year, 375th mtg (29 October 1948), pp. 19-20, 22; SC res. 60 (S/1062), 29 October 1948. 164. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for November 1948, pp. 2-3, para. 5 of S/I064. 165. Ibid., 376th mtg (4 November 1948), pp. 3, 25, 29, 31, 37; 377th mtg (4 November 1948), pp. 40-1; SC res. 61 (S/1070) , 4 November 1948; Azcarate, p. 107; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 300-4. 166. Truman, vol. II, pp. 168-9; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1549-51, 1565-7, 1633-4. 167. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, p. 1556, n. 1; SCOR, 3rd year, 378th mtg (9 Novem• ber 1948) and 379th mtg (10 November 1948), pp. 62-4, S/1076. 168. Britain was pressing the idea of demilitarized zones for Kashmir and Indonesia also; see FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 1, p. 447. 169. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1338-40, 1384-6, 1525-7, 1536, 1538, 1544-5, 1553-4, 1559-60, 1562-3, 1565-7, 1570-80, 1602-3. 170. Letter to the author, 28 April 1977. 171. Letters to the author, 29 January and 2 May 1977. 172. Letter to the author, 29 May 1977. 173. Letter to the author, 3 June 1977. 174. Letter to the author, 29 May 1977. 175. UN press release PALl381, 13 November 1948. 176. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1446, 1517, 1520, 1524, 1530, 1537, 1572, 1579, 1585-91, 1610-3. 177. GAOR, 3rd session, 1st part, First Committee, 200th mtg (15 November 1948), pp. 640-7. 178. SCOR, 3rd year, 380th mtg (15 November 1948), pp. 9-11, 20; 381st mtg (16 November 1948), pp. 15,25,40-1,51-3,55; SC res. 62 (S/1080) , 16 November 1948; see also GAOR, 3rd session, 1st part, First Committee, 213th mtg (25 November 1948), pp. 768-71; Azcarate, p. 108. 179. Kurzman, p. 636. 180. UN doc. S/1081, 19 November 1948 (mimeo). 181. Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 310, 312; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 1, p. 1616; Kimche and Kimche, p. 251; Bilby, p. 162. 182. GAOR, 3rd session, part 1, First Committee, 203rd mtg (13 November 1948), pp. 672-5; 205th mtg (20 November 1948), pp. 680-3; Jessup, p. 302; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1617, 1623-5, 1642-3, 1650-1; letter from John Reedman, 29 May 1977. 183. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, 1619-21, 1630-2; SCOR, 3rd year, 383rd mtg (2 December 1948), p. 6; 384th mtg (15 December 1948); pp. 15-16; 386th mtg (17 December 1948), pp. 20-21; 394th mtg (28 December 1948), pp. 10-11; United States Participation in the United Nations; report by the President to Congress for the Year 1948, Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office, 1949, p. 50. 184. GAOR, 3rd session, 1st part, First Committee, 208th mtg (23 November 1948), Notes and References to pp. 51-5 437

pp. 711-19; see also 222nd mtg (1 December 1948), pp. 840-3. 185. Ibid., Annexes, pp. 524-35; GA res. 194(I1I), 11 December 1948; David P. Forsythe, United Nations Peacemaking: The Conciliation Commission for Palestine, Baltimore and London, Johns Hopkins University Press (in co• operation with the Middle East Institute), 1972, pp. 27-9. See also GA res. 303(IV), 9 December 1949. 186. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, p. 1689; Neguib, pp. 25-7; Glubb, p. 217; Allon, p.41. 187. a'Ballance, pp. 196-200. 188. SCaR, 3rd year, 383rd mtg (2 December 1948), pp. 1-7; 386th mtg (17 December 1948), pp. 19-23. 189. Letter to the author, 25 April 1977. 190. SCaR, 3rd year, 384th mtg (15 December 1948), p. 6; 386th mtg (17 December 1948), p. 1; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 1, 1975, pp. 427, 433, 479. 191. FRUS, 1948, vol. I part 1, pp. 17-20; 1948, vol. I part 2,1975, pp. 482 n. 1,483; 1948, vol. V part 1, p. 448; Jessup, pp. 69-70. 192. SCaR, 3rd year, 386th mtg (17 December 1948), p. 37. 193. SCaR, 3rd year, 387th mtg (20 December 1948), pp. 1-2; 393rd mtg (27 December 1948), p. 3. 194. Letters to the author, 11 and 17 April 1977. 195. SCaR, 3rd year, Supplement for December 1948, pp. 300-5, S11152, S/1153. 196. Ibid., 394th mtg (28 December 1948), pp. 8-14; 395th mtg (28 December 1948), pp. 42-3. 197. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 1, pp. 1698,1701-4; Azcarate, p. 111; Allon pp. 41-2; SC res. 66 (S/1169), 29 December 1948. 198. McDonald, pp. 108-12; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 1, pp. 1705-7; 1949, vol. VI, 1977, pp. 594-6, 600-2, 605-7, 614-16, 670-1; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 284-7; Azcarate, pp. 111-13; S/1187, 6 January 1949 (mimeo). 199. Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 317; McDonald, pp. 114-15; Kirk• bride, pp. 90,93; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 609,613,616,618 n. 2, 619, 621, 627-8, 629 n. 1, 632-3, 636, 639-40, 643, 646, 649, 670, 722. 200. Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 304, 314, 316; Allon, p. 41; Avnery, pp. 105-7; Azcarate, pp. 109, 112, 115,200; Glubb, p. 198; Kirkbride, p. 61; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 597, 691 n., 695, 700 n., 701, 709; Gamal Abdul Nasser, Egypt's Liberation: the Philosophy of the Revolution, Washing• ton, DC, Public Affairs Press, 1955, p. 23; Gamal Abdul Nasser, 'Memoirs of the First Palestine War'. 201. Report on the Work of the International Committee of the Red Cross, 1949, Geneva, 1950, p. 73; S/1227, 26 January 1949 (mimeo); SCaR, 4th year, Supplement for March 1949, pp. 7-8, S11269; Michael Palumbo, The Palestine Catastrophe: the 1948 expUlsion of a people from their homeland, London, Faber, 1987, pp. 175-93. 202. Glubb, pp. 211,227,251; Azcarate, p. 192; Reynier, p. 221; Report on the Work of the International Committee of the Red Cross, 1 July 1947-31 December 1948, Geneva, 1949, pp. 111-16; Don Peretz, Israel and the Pales• tine Arabs, Washington, DC, Middle East Institute, 1958, p. 10; GA res. 212 (III), 19 November 1948, and 302(IV), 8 December 1949; Gabbay, pp. 126-39. 203. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, 1976, pp. 535, 95~, 973,1133-7,1238,1305,1344, 1387,1419,1445,1571; Reynier, p. 222. 204. Hassouna, pp. 266, 287-9; 'Abdallah, pp. 12-17; King Hussein [of Jordan], Uneasy Lies the Head: An Autobiography, London, Heinemann, 1962, p. 103; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1447-8, 1476-7; Kadi, p. 67; Hurewitz, p. 318; 438 Notes and References to pp. 55-63

Anwar EI , Revolt on the , trans. Thomas Graham, London, Allan Wingate, 1957, p. 91; Kirkbride, pp. 58-9,62,67-9; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 604,804; 1950, vol. V, pp. 770,911; Shlaim, pp. 296-303, 359, 559; F1aphan, pp. 206, 216-17. 205. Dayan, pp. 100-1; Bernadotte, pp. 229-30; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1347 n. 4, 1376, 1473 n. 2, 1502, 1506 and n. 4, 1553, 1556-7, 1564 and n. 2, 1617-19, 162~, 1634-5, 1638 and n. 1; Joseph, p. 262; Glubb, p. 216; Bilby, p. 170; Kirkbride, p. 65; Burns, pp. 72, 80--1. 206. Dayan, p. 101; Shlaim, p. 355; Meron, pp. 508-9. See also pp. 9~, doc. 4(c) and (d). 207. Dayan, pp. 104-5; Shlaim, pp. 355-9, 361-5, 545; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1644, 1647,1687-9; 1949, vol. VI, p. 680; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 326. 208. Dayan, p. 106; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, pp. 1699-1700; 1949, vol. VI, pp. 595, 598, 608-9, 630--2, 661-3, 669; Shlaim, pp. 371-7. 209. Dean Acheson, Present at the Creation, New York, Norton, 1969, pp. 258-9; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 658-61, 671-9,691-2,695-7. 210. Rosenne, pp. 30--1, 87; Organization and Procedure of United Nations Com• missions: no. X, Mediator and Acting Mediator for Palestine, memorandum submitted by the Secretary-General to the Interim Committee of the General Assembly, 1950, para. 169; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 888-9; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 318; Eytan, p. 30; Dayan, pp. 116,476; Begin, pp. 296,297,301; Israel and the United Nations, pp. 84, 87. 211. Eytan, p. 30; Rosenne, p. 32; S/1205 and S/1209, 13 January 1949; SI1225 , 25 January 1949 (all mimeo). 212. Azcarate, pp. 113-14; Eytan, pp. 28-32; Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston, Little, Brown, 1979, pp. 41-3. 213. Rosenne, p. 39. 214. Azcarate, pp. 114-16; Rosenne, pp. 39-40,44 n. 1; Eytan, pp. 33-7; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 705-7,713,749,752; Hadawi, pp. 140--1. 215. Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 301; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 639, 645,691,707,723-32,750 n., 759-61. 764-6; 769; SCOR, 4th year, Special Supplement no. 3, S/1264/Rev. 1; Supplement for August 1949, p. 2, para. 3 of pt I of S/1357; S/1265, 24 February 1949 (mimeo). 216. Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 326; Rosenne, p. 32, n. 3; Eytan, pp. 41-2; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 598, 641, 685-6, 787, 802-3, 846-7, 851; Lorch, p. 445; S/1241, 3 February 1949, and S/1272, 2 March 1949 (both mimeo); SCOR, 4th year, Special Supplement no. 4, S/1296/Rev. 1. 217. Dayan, pp. 106-8, 114; Shlaim, pp. 395-8; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 683-5. 218. Dayan, p. 109; Shlaim, p. 452. 219. Dayan, pp. 110--1; Eytan, pp. 37-8; Shlaim, p. 401; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 716,721,733,767-8; S/1245, 8 February 1949, SI1272, 2 March 1949 (mimeo). 220. Azcarate, pp. 116-17; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 327; Eytan, pp. 38-9; Shlaim, pp. 424, 545, 605-8; Kirkbride, pp. 129-31, 136-8. 221. Aharon Cohen, Israel and the Arab World, p. 447; Glubb, pp. 212, 232-3; Bilby, pp. 103-6; Azcarate, p. 110; Kirkbride, p. 91; Hadawi, Bitter Harvest, pp. 150--1; Sami Hadawi, The Arab-Israel Conflict (Cause and Effect), pp. 46-7; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 810--14,815 n. 3, 821-3, 844-6. 222. S/1284, 11 March 1949 (mimeo); Dayan, pp. 1l1-17. 223. FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 808, 851-6, 859-63, 866-9, 871-4, 886; Bull, pp. 57-9, 61, 6~; Eytan, pp. 39-40; Hadawi, Bitter Harvest, pp. 128-30, 13~. 224. Dayan, pp. 102, 109-10; S/1265. 24 February 1949 (mimeo); SCOR, 4th year, Notes and References to pp. 63-70 439

Special Supplement no. 1, S/1302/Rev. 1; Supplement for August 1949, p. 2, para. 3 of part I of S/1357; Shlaim, pp. 395-8, 425-8; Cohen, p. 448; Bilby, p.106. 225. S/1241, 3 February 1949; S/1272, 2 March 1949; S11278, 7 March 1949; S/1292, 21 March 1949; S11308, 16 April 1949 (all mimeo); FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 637-9,799 n., 851, 896, 899-901, 922, 928-30, 9@-1, 978, 980-2, 999-1000, 1039-43, 1049-51, 1121, 1141-2; Eytan, pp. 38, 42; Azcarate, p. 117; Ben• Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 328; Lorch, p. 448. An account of the negotiations, based on Israeli archives, is to be found in Bar-Yaacov, pp. 37-64. 226. Bar-Yaacov, pp. 43,46,53,63,64 and n. 34, 211, 282; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 894 n. 2, 956, 961-2, 969, 977, 980, 1000-5. 227. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for May 1948, pp. 88-9, S1747; Supplement for December 1948, pp. 118-20, SI1093 , SI1110 and Corr. 1; 386th mtg (17 December 1948), pp. 34-7; 4th year, Supplement for March 1949, p. 7, S/1267; 413th mtg (3 March 1949), pp. 7-21; 414th mtg (4 March 1949), pp. 2-15; GAOR, 3rd session, 2nd part, Ad Hoc Political Committee, 45th mtg (5 May 1949), pp. 227-48; 46th mtg (6 May 1949), pp. 248-66; 47th mtg (6 May 1949), pp. 277-87; 48th mtg (7 May 1949), pp. 300-2; 50th mtg (9 May 1949), pp. 335-7; 51st mtg (9 May 1949), pp. 346-50; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 931, 943-7,968,973-4,979 n. 2, 996-8, 1028. 228. GA res. 273(III). 229. GAOR, 4th session, Ad Hoc Political Committee, Annex to vol. II, Agenda item 18, A/927; 5th session, Supplement no. 18, A/1367/Rev. 1, paras. 13-14; Azcarate, pp. 126-9, 134-56; Forsythe, pp. 48-52; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 988, 993-4, 998-9, 1020, 1096-7, 1150, 1244, 1486-8; Shlaim, pp. 461-8; Flapan, pp. 218-4. 230. FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 1030-2, 1046, 1053-5, 1100-2, 1119-20, 1131-3. 1225, 1231, 1233-5, 1239; Bull, p. 49; Azcarate, p. 117; Eytan, p. 43; Dayan. p. 117; Lorch, p. 448; Cohen, p. 449, Israel and the United Nations. p. 105; Hadawi, Bitter Harvest, pp. 119-21; SCOR, 4th year, Special Supplement no. 2, S/1353/Rev. 1. 231. Peres, p. 32, n. 1; Rosenne, p. 30; SCOR, 4th year, Supplement for August 1949, p. 2, para. 3 of pt I of S/1357. 232. Analyses of the Agreements may be found in Rosenne, pp. 41-72, and David Brook, Preface to Peace: the United Nations and the Arab-Israeli Armistice System, pp. 16-26. 233. Rosenne, p. 83; Cohen, p. 485; Hassouna, pp. 301-4. 234. Azcarate, pp. 119-20. 235. FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, p. 1421 n. 3. 236. SCOR, 6th year, 542nd mtg (25 April 1951), para. 98. 237. The rules of procedure of the Israel- MAC are given in Bar-Yaacov, pp. 351-3 and are reproduced on pp. 000-0. 238. There is some uncertainty as to the precise number of POWs. The ICRC estimated that 3000 Arabs and 850 Israelis were repatriated in 1949. Rosenne refers to 5473 Arab POWs who had been held by Israel and 940 Jews (including women) by the Arab states: Report on the Work of the International Committee of the Red Cross for 1949, Geneva, 1950, pp. 73-4; Rosenne, p. 64 n. 1. 239. FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 926-7, 989, 1036 and n. 2, 1060, 1070-1, 1076, 1085-6,1095-7,1111,1116 and n. 2, 1117 and n. 4,1124-5.1139,1149,1152, 1166, 1175, 1177, 1189-90, 1195 n. 2, 1196-7. 1207-9, 1213-14, 1224, 1243-4, 1248, 1264, 1338. 440 Notes and References to pp. 70-1 and 107-9

240. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for November 1948, pp. 6 and 11-13, S/1068 and Corr. 1, S1l073, S/1074, S/1075; Supplement for December 1948, pp. 299-300, S/1151; 4th year, Supplement for March 1949, pp. 41-8, S/1285, S/1286, S/1295; Azcarate, pp. 128-9; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 1094, 1098 n. 1, 1114, 1127, 1131-3. 241. SCOR, 4th year, Supplement for August 1949, pp. 1-7, paras. 4---6 of part I and paras. 2-5 of part II of S/1357; 433rd mtg(4 August 1949), pp. 5-9; 434th mtg (4 August 1949), pp. 21-3, 27-8, 37-9; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 1147,1162-3. 242. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for August 1949, pp. 8-9, S/1362, S/1375; 434th mtg (4 August 1949), pp. 21, 22, 27,35, S/1364; 435th mtg (8 August 1949), pp. 2-3,5-9, S/1367; 437th mtg (11 August 1949), p. 2; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 1255,1263,1269-71,1274-5,1277-80,1304,1341-2. 243. SC res. 72 and 73 (S/1376, I and II), 11 August 1949; Lie, pp. 191-2; Azcarate, pp. 114, 116; McDonald, pp. 60, 158.

2 1956-7

1. 'Abdallah [ibn al-HusaynJ, King of Jordan, My Memoirs Completed [al Takmi• lahJ, pp. 13, 15, 17; Hussein A. Hassouna, The League of Arab States and Regional Disputes: A Study of Middle East Conflicts, pp. 256-7; Avi Shlaim, Collusion across the Jordan, pp. 359, 559. 2. Alee Kirkbride, From the Wings: Amman Memoirs 1947-1951, pp. 129-31, 136-8; John Glubb, A Soldier with the Arabs, pp. 276-7; Pablo de Azcarate y Flores, Mission in Palestine, 1948-1952, pp. 167-8. 3. Hassouna, pp. 267,289. 4. David Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 491-4. 5. GAOR, 4th session, Ad Hoc Political Committee, Annex, pp. 10-16, A/973; GA res. 303 (IV), 9 December 1949; GA res. 356 (IV), 10 December 1949; GAOR, 5th session, Supplement no. 9, A11286; Azcarate, pp. 156-60; Ben• Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 378-82. 6. Walter Eytan, The First Ten Years: A Diplomatic History of Israel, pp. 49, 66-73; Azcarate, pp. 182-8; James G. McDonald, My Mission in Israel. 1948-1951, pp. 186-96; Michael Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion, pp. 190-1; Michael Brecher, Decisions in Israel's Foreign Policy, pp. 28-55. 7. GAOR, 4th session, Ad Hoc Political Committee, agenda item 18, Annex to vol. II (A/819, N838, A/927 , A/992); GA res. 303 (IV), 9 December 1949; Azcarate, pp. 149-60; David P. Forsythe, United Nations Peacemaking: The Conciliation Commission for Palestine, pp. 48-63, 65-6, 69,101-2; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, p. 1336. 8. GAOR, 5th session, Annexes, Agenda item 20, pp. 9-24 (A/1252, A1l255, A/1288); Supplement no. 18, A/1367/Rev. 1; 6th session, Supplement no. 18, N1985; GA res. 512 (VI), 26 January 1952; Azcarate, pp. 165-76; Forsythe, pp. 87-93, 118; Eytan, pp. 59-60. 9. GAOR, 4th session, Ad Hoc Political Committee, Annex to vol. 1, pp. 16-29; GA res. 302 (IV), 8 December 1949; Azcarate, pp. 154---6, Mohamed EI-Hadi Afifi, The Arabs and the United Nations, London, Longman, 1964, p. 67. 10. Kathryn B. Doherty, 'Jordan Waters Conflict', International Conciliation no. 553 (May 1965); Brecher, Decisions in Israel's Foreign Policy, pp. 173-244. 11. GA res. 393 (V), 2 December 1950; 394 (V), 14 December 1950; 513 (VI), 26 January 1952; 614 (VII), 6 November 1952; 720 (VIII), 27 November 1953; 818 (IX), 4 December 1954; 916 (X), 3 December 1955; Azcarate, pp. 164-5. 12. Shabtai Rosenne, Israel's Armistice Agreements with the Arab States: A Judicial Notes and References to pp. 110-11 441

Interpretation, Tel Aviv, Blumstein's, 1951 (for the Israel Branch of the Inter• national Law Association), p. 83; Julius Stone, Legal Controls of International Conflict: A Treatise on the Dynamics of Disputes- and War-Law, London, Stevens, 1954, pp. 638, 643; Howard S. Levie, 'The Nature and Scope of the Armistice Agreement', AJ/L, vol. 50 (1956), p. 884; L. Oppenheim, Inter• national Law: A Treatise, 7th edn, ed. H. Lauterpacht. London and New York, Longman, 1952, vol. II, pp. 547,597; Vladimir Dedijer, On Military Conven• tions: An Essay on the Evolution of International Law, Lund, Sweden, Gleerup, 1961, p. 69; Aharon Cohen, Israel and the Arab World, trans. Aubrey Hodes, Naomi Handelman, and Mirian Shimeoni, New York, Funk and Wagnalls, 1970, p.485. 13. Azcarate, pp. 119, 143-4; Hassouna, pp. 256,301-2; Kirkbride, p. 112; McDo• nald, pp. 192-4; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 1513-14, 1517, 1545, 1558-62; Gamal Abdul Nasser, Egypt's Liberation: the Philosophy of the Revolution, Washing• ton, DC, Public Affairs Press, 1955, pp. 94-5; Constantine K. Zurayk, The Meaning of the Disaster, trans. R. Bayly Winder, under the auspices of the American Council of Learned Societies, , Khayat's, 1956, p. 67; Anthony Moncrieff (ed.), Suez Ten Years After, pp. 56-7. 14. Yigal Allon, The Making of Israel's Army, p. 54; Mohamed Heikal, The Road to , p. 157; E. L. M. Burns, Between Arab and Israeli, p. 162; E. H. Hutchinson, Violent Truce: A Military Observer Looks at the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1951-1955, p. 103. 15. Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurian, p. 218; Burns, pp. 59,76; Glubb, pp. 250, 306, 323; Kirkbride, p. 106; Ehud Ya'ari, Egypt and the Fedayeen, 1953-1956, pp. 41-2; Fred J. Khouri, The Arab-Israeli Dilemma, p. 183. 16. Burns, pp. 38, 58-67, 119-20, 133, 140; Hutchinson, pp. 17, 103-4, 116; Ben• Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 274-5; Allon, p. 55; Shimon Peres, David's Sling, p. 41; Golda Meir. My Life, pp. 199, 234-5, 237, 242; , u.N. Peace-keeping in the Israel-Arab Conflict, 1948-1975; An Israel Critique, p. 63; Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurian, pp. 220--1; Nahum Goldmann, Memo• ries: The Autobiography of Nahum Goldmann, pp. 302, 310; Michael Brecher, The Foreign Policy System of Israel: Setting, Images, Process, p. 261; Edward Luttwak and Dan Horowitz, The Israeli Army, pp. 106-10. 17. Goldmann, pp. 284, 289; Uri Avnery, Israel without Zionists: A Plea for Peace in the Middle East, London, Collier-Macmillan, 1968, pp. 40--1, 180; Brecher, Decisions in Israel's Foreign Policy, pp. 562-5. 18. Comay, p. 23; David Brook, Preface to Peace: the United Nations and the Arab-Israel Armistice System, pp. 16-28, 114-17. 19. SCOR, 6th year, Supplement for October-December 1951, p. 19, para. 21 of S/2388; 7 year, Supplement for October-December 1952, pp. 12-13, para. 14 of S/2833; 8th year, Supplement for April-June 1953, pp. 38-9,56, S/3030, S/3047; 630th mtg (27 October 1953), paras. 29-32, 38; 10th year, Supplement for April-June 1955, pp. 25--6, S/3394; 11th year, Supplement for April-June 1956, p. 52, para. 90 of S/3596; Burns, pp. 71, 80; Glubb, p. 286. 20. Brook, pp. 59-83; Burns, p. 278; Comay, p. 66. 21. Burns, p. 27; Brook, pp. 53-8, 100--11. 22. For the most serious incidents, see: Location UNTSO reports Other sources Hula SCOR, 6th year, Supplement N. Bar-Yaacov, The Israel• for April-June 1951, Syrian Armistice: Problems of pp. 17-22,24-34,40--58, 72-9, Implementation, 1949-1966, 87-8,94-105, 111-18, 122-3, pp. 66-113, 182-213; Carl von 442 Notes and References to p. III

139-42,158-9,174-7, pt. IV of Horn, Soldiering for Peace, S/2049 , S/2067 , S/2084, pp. 69, 77-80, 115-25; Odd S/2088, S/2099, S/210 1 , Bull, War and Peace in the S/2111, S/2113, S/2118, Middle East: The Experiences S/2120, S/2122, S/2123, and Views of a U. N. Observer, S/2124, S/2127, S/2136, pp. 49-52, 54, 77, 87-8, 95, S/2138, S/2139, S/2141, 101-3, 110; Israel and S/2148, S/2173, S/2185, the United Nations, p. 105; S/2213; Supplement for July• Henry Cattan, Palestine, September 1951, pp. 2-4, the Arabs and Israel: The 44-52, S/2234, S/2300; Search for Justice, pp. 92-8. Supplement for October• December 1951, pp. 5-10, 23-32, S/2359, S/2389; 7th year, Supplement for October-December 1952, pp. 21-7, paras. 45-61 of S/2833; 8th year, Supplement for October-December 1953, pp. 23-36, S/3122; 645th mtg (3 December 1953), paras. 15-20. Mount SCOR, 8th year, Supplement Hutchinson, pp. 20-9, 39-41, Scopus for April-June 1953, pp. 28-31, 87-9; von Horn, pp. 83-5,93-4, 55-7, S/3015, S/3040, S/3047. 250; Bull, pp. 63-7, 88-91. Qibya SCOR, 8th year, 630th mtg (27 Brook, pp. 32-3, 73-81; October 1953), paras. 10-68; Hutchinson, pp. 44-5; Allon, 635th mtg (9 November 1953), p. 55; Abba Eban An Auto• pp. 15-50. biography, pp. 173,176; Glubb, pp. 309-10, 313-16; Eytan, p. 102; Peter Young, Command: with the 1953-1956, p. 53; Luttwak and Horowitz, pp. 110-11. Nahhalin SCOR, 9th year, Supplement Burns, pp. 47, 58, 168; Glubb, for July-September 1954, pp. pp.321-2. 1-4, S/3251. Scorpion Pass SCOR, 9th year, Supplement Hutchinson, pp. 47-54, 63-76, for July-September 1954, 194-5; Glubb, pp. 318-20. pp. 4-16, S/3252. Gaza SCOR, 10th year, Supplement Burns, pp. 17-21,70-83; for January-March 1955, Hutchinson, pp. 115-20; pp. 35-94, S/3373; Supplement Eban, pp. 179-80. for April-June 1955, pp. 6-22, S/3390; Supplement for July• September 1955, pp. 8-14, S/3430 and Add. 1. Lake SCOR, 10th year, Supplement Burns, pp. 107-22; Bar-Yaacov, for January-March 1955, pp. 214-34; Cattan, p. 63. pp. 1-25, S/3343; Supplement for October-December 1955, pp. 24-36, S/3516 and Notes and References to pp. 112-15 443

Add. 1; 11th year, Supplement for January-March 1956, pp. 14-18, S/3558. 23. SC res. 106 (S/3378), 29 March 1955; SC res. 107 (S/3379), 30 March 1955; SC res. 108 (S/3435), 8 September 1955. 24. SC res. 101 (S/3139/Rev. 2),24 November 1953; SC res. 106 (S/3378), 29 March 1955; SC res. 111 (S/3538), 19 January 1956; Burns, p. 280; Brecher, The Foreign Policy System of Israel, p. 559. 25. SC res. 95 (S/2322), 1 September 1951. 26. Eban, p. 176; the vetoed text is in Sydney D. Bailey, Voting in the Security Council, pp. 178-9. 27. SCOR, 6th year, Supplement for April-June 1951, pp. 162-4, S/2194; SC res. 95 (S/2322), 1 September 1951. 28. Bailey, p. 179. 29. SCOR, 9th year, Supplement for January-March 1954, p. 44, S/3188; 664th mtg (29 March 1954), paras. 42, 48; 685th mtg (11 November 1954), para. 15; Supplement for October-December 1954, pp. 10-11, 30-43, S/3309, S/3323; Eytan, pp. 94-6; Eban, pp. 157-8. 30. In a top secret message to the United States, Britain had explained that the policy of supplying arms to Egypt was designed to increase Egyptian dependence on Britain, 'which will enhance the prospects of continued British presence in the zone'. SCOR, 4th year, 434th mtg (4 August 1949), pp. 21,22, 27,35; 435th mtg (8 August 1949), pp. 2-3, 5--9; 437th mtg (11 August 1949), p. 2; FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 1255, 1269--71, 1274-5, 1277-80, 1283-4, 1304, 1341-2; 1950, vol. V, pp. 132, 164. 31. FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 125--30, 138-44, 150-68,684-5, 697-9, 705--6, 712-5, 736-45,773,791,799--802,819--21,882-3; George McGhee, Envoy to the Middle World, New York and London, Harper and Row, 1983, pp. 205--12. 32. FRUS, 1950, vol. V, pp. 135-44, 146, 160, 167-8,677-8,691-2, 703-4, 716-18, 727-30, 735, 741-2, 747-8, 751-3, 757-8, 766, 773-5, 777-8, 781-4, 796-7, 803-4,815--16,836-7,839-40,851,856--60,868-77,880,902,910-12; vol. VII, p. 1624; Selwyn Lloyd, Suez, 1956, A Personal Account, p. 46. 33. SCOR, 6th year, Supplement for July-September 1951, pp. 50-1, paras. 30-1, 36 of S/2300; Supplement for October-December 1951, pp. 23-4, paras. 3-4 of S/2389; 9th year, Supplement for July-September 1954, pp. 14-16, 45, section XIII of S/3252 and Annex to S/3290; 11th year, Supplement for July-September 1956, pp. 55--6,60, para. 21 of and Annex to S/3659; Comay, p. 34. 34. Arnold Krammer, The Forgotten Friendship: Israel and the Soviet Bloc, 1947-53, pp. 131-5, 185, 192--6. 35. Heikal, The Road to Ramadan, p. 50. 36. Ibid., pp. 51-2; Heikal, Sphinx and Commissar, p. 55; Lloyd, p. 15. 37. Heikal, The Road to Ramadan, p. 53; Heikal, Sphinx and Commissar, pp. 57--63; Dwight D. Eisenhower, Waging Peace, 1956-1961, pp. 24-6; Robert Murphy, Diplomat among Warriors, p. 376; Nikita Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers, p. 396. 38. Cmd 9390, London, HM Stationery Office, 1955. 39. The text of the Constantinople Convention is in Anthony Nutting, No End of a Lesson, pp. 173-8. 40. The best account of the in English is in Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion, pp. 208-16, 287-97, 306-9. See also Eban, pp. 183, 292-4; Meir, pp. 238-42; Dayan, Story of My Life, p. 178; Burns, pp. 74-5; 'On Being Wise as Serpents, and Harmless as Doves', 14 February 1972, private memorandum (mimeo). 444 Notes and References to pp. 115-21

41. Glubb, pp. 381-3; Burns, pp. 7{}-107; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 451-7; Peres, p. 88; Eban, pp. 198-9, 208. 42. Heikal, Nasser: The Documents, pp. 84-7, 154; Lloyd, pp. 45-7; Burns, pp. 52, 131; Moncrieff, p. 34; Nutting, pp. 17-18,27-32; Paul Johnson, The Suez War, pp. 5,23; Humphrey Trevelyan, The Middle East in Revolution, pp. 63-6. 43. David Ben-Gurion, My Talks with Arab leaders, pp. 284-7. 44. Burns, pp. 66, 71, 135,141, 165, 170; Ben-Gurion, My Talks with Arab leaders, pp. 287-95; Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion, pp. 224-5. 45. Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion, p. 225; Ben-Gurion, My Talks with Arab leaders, pp. 296--303. 46. Burns, pp. 79-80; Ben-Gurion, My Talks with Arab leaders, pp. 31a-4. 47. Ibid., pp. 315-25; Saadia Touval, The Peace Brokers, Press, 1982, pp. 106--33; Mordechai Gazit, 'Mediation and Mediators', Jeru• salem Journal of , vol. 5, no. 4 (1981), pp. 94-5. 48. Heikal, Nasser: The Cairo Documents, pp. 154-7. 49. Brian Urquhart, Hammarskjold, pp. 137-9. 50. SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for January-March 1956, p. 20, S/3561; SC res. 113 (S/3375), 4 April 1956. 51. Dag Hammarskjold, Markings, pp. 11{}-11. 52. Henry Cabot Lodge, As It Was: An Inside View of Politics and Power in the '50s and '60s, New York, Norton, 1976, pp. 84-5. 53. SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for April-June 1956, pp. 2-14, S/3576, S/3577 , S/3579/Rev. 1, S/3580, S/3581, S/3582, S/3583; Burns, pp. 14a-2. 54. SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for April-June 1956, pp. 15-17, S/3584; Lloyd, p. 66; Urquhart, pp. 141-3; Meir, p. 243; Ya'ari, p. 422. 55. SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for April-June 1956, pp. 19-25, S/3586, S/3587; Urquhart, pp. 143-4; Heikal, Nasser: The Cairo Documents, p. 157. 56. Urquhart, pp. 144-6; David Ben-Gurion, Israel: Years of Challenge, p. 100; Brecher, The Foreign Policy System of Israel, p. 266. 57. Hammarskjold, p. 113. 58. Urquhart, pp. 146--8; SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for April-June 1956, pp. 27-30, S/3594. 59. SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for April-June 1956, pp. 32-6, 38-45, 56-61, paras. 9, 16--21,33-47,49-66 of and Annexes 1-5 to S/3596. 60. Ibid., pp. 33-4,41-2, paras. 1{}-15, 48 of S/3596. 61. Ibid., pp. 30,36--7,46--52, paras. 23-4, 27, 38, 67-79, 81, 84-88, 91; Burns, pp. 54-5,81,90,94-5,106,134-5,139,154,159-60,172,273; Hutchinson, pp. 85-6. 62. SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for April-June 1956, pp. 2>-5, 52-3, S/3587 and paras. 92-4 of S/3596. 63. Ibid., pp. 29,37,44-5, S/3594 and paras. 25-6, 61, 63-6 of S/3596. 64. Urquhart, pp. 15{}-2. 65. Ben-Gurion, Israel: Years of Challenge, pp. 102-3. 66. SCOR, 11th year, 725th mtg (31 May 1956), paras. 1-29,69-168,176; 727th mtg (1 June 1956), paras. 21-114; SC res. 114 (S/3605), 4 June 1956. 67. Moncrieff, pp. 142-3, 151; Eisenhower, pp. 3a-4, 663; Murphy, pp. 375-8; Lloyd, pp. 68-72; Robert James, , pp. 448-50; Nutting, pp. 44-5; Heikal, Sphinx and Commissar, p. 68; Khrushchev, pp. 396--7,402-4; SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for October-December 1956, pp. 6--7, S/3668. The text of the law nationalizing the Suez Canal Company is in Nutting, pp. 179-82. 68. Winthrop W. Aldrich, 'The : a Footnote to History', Foreign Affairs, p. 542; Lloyd, pp. 34, 59, 103, 105, 110, 113, 191-2. Notes and References to pp. 121-6 445

69. Anthony Eden, Full Circle, p. 221; Lloyd, p. 27; Heikal, Nasser: The Cairo Documents, pp. 79-81; Peter Wright, Spycatcher, New York, Viking, 1987, p. 160. 70. Eden, pp. 424-7; Lloyd, pp. 73-5, 82-6; Johnson, p. 43; Eisenhower, p. 35. 71. Paul Ely, Memoires: Suez . .. , pp. 70, 79, 85-8, 114-15, 188-9; Robert R. Bowie, Suez 1956, pp. 26-8; Moncrieff, pp. 35,63; Murphy, p. 382; Charles E. Bohlen, Witness to History, 1929-1969, p. 431; Eden, pp. 426, 435-6. 72. Eisenhower, pp. 38-41, 664-5; Murphy, pp. 379--81, 383; , Riding the Storm 1956-1959, pp. 104-5; Eden, pp. 432-4,436-7; Selwyn Lloyd, pp. 75, 87-91, 94, 98; William Clark, From Three Worlds, p. 171. 73. Eisenhower, p. 42; Murphy, pp. 384-6; Aldrich, p. 542; Macmillan, pp. 106-7; Eden, pp. 435-9; Lloyd, p. 123. The text of the invitation to the London conference is given in Lloyd, pp. 268-70. 74. For British opinion on Suez, see Leon D. Epstein, British Politics in the Suez Crisis. 75. GAOR, 11th session, 591st plenary mtg (23 November 1956), para. 59; Bowie, p. 40; Eden, pp. 444-6, 449-53; Lloyd, pp. 107, 109, 114-15, 146-7; Eisenhower, pp. 43-8; Bohlen, pp. 429-31; Murphy, p. 386; Chester L. Cooper, The Lion's Last Roar: Suez, 1956, pp. 121-2; Robert Gordon Menzies, Afternoon Light: Some Memories of Men and Events, pp. 153-61. The conclusions of the first London conference are in SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for October• December 1956, pp. 2-4, S/3665, and in Nutting, pp. 182-4. 76. Ely, pp. 72-4, 82-5, 89-104, Andre Beaufre, The Suez Expedition 1956, pp. 26-48; Merry Bromberger and Serge Bromberger, Secrets of Suez, p. 51; Lloyd, p. 109; Charles Keightley, 'Operations in Egypt', Supplement to the London Gazette, p. 5328; A. J. Barker, Suez: the Seven Day War, pp. 28, 31-2, 34; Eisenhower, p. 48; SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for July-September 1956, pp. 29-30, 42, S/3648, S/3651. 77. Hammarskjold, pp. 119-20. 78. Eden, pp. 456-62; Macmillan, p. 118; Nutting, pp. 58-9. 79. Eisenhower, pp. 49-50,666-71; Eden, pp. 463-7. 80. Menzies, pp. 161-5; Heikal, Nasser: The Cairo Documents, pp. 102-3; Mac• millan, pp. 114-7; Trevelyan, pp. 98-9; Murphy, p. 387. 81. Menzies, pp. 167-9; Heikal, Nasser: The Cairo Documents, p. 102. 82. Menzies, pp. 169--70,361-8,369-75; Heikal, Nasser: The Cairo Documents, pp. 102-3; Urquhart, pp. 162-3. The Egyptian proposals are in SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for July-September 1956, pp. 38-41, S/3650. 83. SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for July-September 1956, pp. 28-38, S/3645 , S/3649; Eden, pp. 463,474-87; Lloyd, p. 128,132; Macmillan, pp. 118-21; Piers Dixon, Double Diploma, p. 260; Eisenhower, p. 50; Hugh Thomas, The Suez Affair, pp. 206-10; Urquhart, pp. 161-2; Moshe Dayan, Story of my Life, p. 153. 84. SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for July-September 1956, pp. 2-4, 6-8, 10-26, 48-74, S/3621, S/3628, S/3632, S/3634, S/3638, S/3658, S/3659, S/3660; Supple• ment for October-December 1956, pp. 7-19, S/3669, S/3670; Urquhart, p. 157. 85. Nobody seems to have drawn attention to the fact that the French word casse-cou means death-trap. 86. Hugh Thomas, pp. 87-8; Kennett Love, Suez: The Twice-Fought War, pp. 436-7; Lloyd, p. 145; Eisenhower, p. 64. 87. Bowie, pp. 45-6; Khruschev, p. 40; Moncrieff, p. 143; Jacques Georges-Picot, The Real Suez Crisis: The End of a Great Nineteenth Century Work, trans. G. W. Rogers, New York and London, Harcourt, Brace, 1978, pp. 82-4, 87-8. For Israeli complaints about Egyptian interference with free passage, see SCOR, 446 Notes and References to pp. 126--32

11th year, Supplement for April-June 1956, pp. 73-4, 76, S/3606 , S/36U; Supplement for July-September 1956, pp. 26-7, 42-7, S/3642, S/3652, S/3653. 88. SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for July-September 1956, pp. 47-8, S/3654, S/3656; Eden, pp. 488-93; Lloyd, pp. 126, 148-9; Macmillan, pp. 121-9; Nutting, p. 67; Eisenhower, pp. 51-2,672-5; Murphy, p. 470; Aldrich, p. 543. 89. Macmillan, pp. 133--6. 90. SCOR, 11th year, 734th mtg (26 September 1956), paras. 18-22,34,40-3,57, 60-1, 94-5, 109-10. 91. Ibid., paras. 122-3, 133, 146-65; Supplement for July-September 1956, p. 48, S/3657; Eisenhower, p. 52. 92. Eden, pp. 495-7; Lloyd, p. 150; Nutting, p. 68; Ely, pp. 104-13, 121-2. 93. Peres, pp. 184-5,188-9,192-4; Meir, p. 246; Moshe Dayan, Diary of the Sinai Campaign, pp. 20, 22, 29-31; Dayan, Story of My Life, pp. 150-61, 185-9; Eban, p. 209; Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion, pp. 226-35; Moncrieff, pp. 62, 93; Beaufre, pp. 66-9, 71; Ely, pp. 82, 122-6; Abel Thomas, Comment Israel fut sauve: les secrets de ['expedition de Suez, pp. 146-53; Nutting, p. 57. Kennett Love claims that about 100 pages from Dayan's account of the Suez campaign 'were deleted at Ben-Gurion's request', Love, p. 659. 94. Peres, p. 194; Abel Thomas, pp. 149-50. 95. Peres, pp. 194-5; Dayan, Diary of the Sinai Campaign, pp. 30-1; Dayan, Story of My Life, pp. 162-9; Abel Thomas, pp. 154-6. 96. Dayan, Diary of the Sinai Campaign, pp. 31-4, 38-41; Dayan, Story of My Life, pp. 166, 171; Peres, pp. 196-7. 97. Dayan, Story of My Life, pp. 166-7, 170. 98. Eden, pp. 501-2; Nutting, p. 70; Urquhart, p. 164. 99. Eden, p. 503; Macmillan, p. 128; Lloyd, p. 237. 100. Eisenhower, pp. 52-3; Herman Finer, Dulles over Suez: The Theory and Practice of Diplomacy, p. 297; Lloyd, pp. 155, 219; Paul-Henri Spaak, The Continuing Battle, pp. 132-3. 101. SCOR, 11th year, 735th mtg (5 October 1956), paras. 7-15; Supplement for October-December 1956, pp. 1-2,5-6, S/3663, S/3664, S/3666; Lloyd, p. 151; Macmillan, pp. 142-3. 102. SCOR, 11th year, 735th mtg (5 October 1956); Finer, p. 297; Eisenhower, p. 53; Lloyd, p. 153; Macmillan, p. 139. 103. Macmillan, p. 139; Lloyd, p. 155. 104. Macmillan, pp. 141-2; SCOR, 11th year, 736th mtg (8 October 1956), paras. 1-79. 105. SCOR, 11th year, 736th mtg (8 October 1956), paras. 80-174. 106. Ibid., 737th mtg (8 October 1956), paras. 1-85, 111-60; Spaak, p. 130. 107. SCOR, 11th year, 738th mtg (9 October 1956); Lloyd, p. 157. 108. Urquhart, p. 165; Nutting, pp. 75-6; Christian Pineau, 1956 Suez, pp. 118-19; Eisenhower, p. 53. 109. Urquhart, pp. 165-6; Lloyd, pp. 157-8; Eisenhower, p. 53; Macmillan mis• takenly writes that Dulles took part in the discussion; see Macmillan, p. 144. 110. Urquhart, p. 166; Selwyn Lloyd, p. 158. 111. SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for October to December 1956, pp. 53, 90-4, S/3678, S/3685; Burns, pp. 173-4; Dayan, Diary of the Sinai Campaign, pp. 43-53; Dayan, Story of My Life, pp. 171-3; Peres, p. 189; Eden, p. 512; Selwyn Lloyd, pp. 171, 176; Dixon, p. 262; Nutting, pp. 84-7; Hugh Thomas, pp. 108-9; Aldrich, p. 545. 112. Urquhart, pp. 166-8; Lloyd, pp. 159-60; Ely, pp. 135-6; Finer, pp. 308-9; Notes and References to pp. 132-7 447

Mohamed Heikal, Cutting the lion's tail, pp. 166-74; Nutting, p. 76; Bowie, p.51. 113. Urquhart, p. 168; Lloyd, p. 160; Hugh Thomas, pp. 106-7. 114. Eden, p. 503; Finer, pp. 316-17. 115. Conversation with the author. 116. Eden, pp. 503--4; SCOR, 11th year, 742nd mtg (13 October 1956), paras. 1-6. The written statements are in SCOR, 11 th year, Supplement for October• December 1956, pp. 21-52, 55-89, S/3673 , S/3674, S/3676 , S/3680, S/3681 , S/3683, S/3684. 117. SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for October-December 1956, pp. 19--20, S/3671; 742nd mtg (13 October 1956), paras. 7-40; Urquhart, p. 169; Eden, p. 504; Bowie, p. 50. 118. SCOR, 11th year, 742nd mtg (13 October 1956), paras. 41-50, 72-99; 743rd mtg (13 October 1956), paras. 5-16, 18--20,25,49,55-69, 71-94, 96-7; Spaak, p. 130; Eisenhower, p. 55. 119. SCOR, 11th year, 742nd mtg (13 October 1956), paras. 56-66; 743rd mtg (13 October 1956), paras. 27,35,105-7,112; Supplement for October-Decem• ber 1956, p. 20, S/3672; SC res. 118 (S/3675) , 13 October 1956; Eden, pp. 503-8; Dixon, pp. 262-3; Nutting, pp. 78--9; Eisenhower pp. 54-5; Murphy, p. 388; Pearson, pp. 236-7. The text of the vetoed proposal is in Bailey, p. 181. 120. Nutting, pp. 87-95; Lloyd, pp. 164-5; Ely, pp. 136-46; Bromberger and Bromberger, pp. 15,39-40,64; Rhodes James, p. 521. 121. Patrick Seale, The Struggle for Syria: A Study of Post-War Arab Politics, 1945-1958, London, Oxford University Press, 1965 (under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs), p. 276; Dayan, Diary of the Sinai Campaign, p. 59; Meir, p. 247; Lloyd, p. 56; Michael Bar-Zohar, The Armed Prophet: A Biography of Ben-Gurion, p. 233. 122. Eisenhower, pp. 56,676-7; Murphy, p. 388; Finer, pp. 334-5; Lloyd, pp. 124, 182; Nutting, p. 111. 123. SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for October-December 1956, pp. 53,60,90-7, S/3678, S/3682 , S/3685; 744th mtg (19 October 1956), para. 52; 745th mtg (25 October 1956), paras. 43, 68, 75, 78--9. 124. Eden, pp. 510-14; Lloyd, pp. 166, 173--4; R. A. Butler, The Art of the Possible, London, Hamish Hamilton, 1971, p. 192; Nutting, pp. 97-8; Dixon, p. 263; Moncrieff, p. 93; Ely, pp. 140-3; Bromberger, pp. 40-2; Dayan, Story of My Life, p. 174. 125. Lloyd, pp. 176-7; SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for October-December 1956, pp. 53-5, S/3679. 126. Dayan, Story of My Life, pp. 174-8; Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion, pp. 236-7; Abel Thomas, p. 169; Ely, pp. 129--31. 127. Dayan, Story of My Life, pp. 178--9; Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion, p. 237; Pineau, pp. 127-33; Beaufre, pp. 66-7. 128. Dayan, Story of My Life, pp. 174-5, 177-82; Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion, pp. 238--9; Lloyd, p. 180-5. 129. Lloyd, pp. 186-7; Ely, pp. 145-8; Pineau, pp. 134-5; Nutting, pp. 101-4; Dayan, Story of My Life, pp. 182-6; Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion, pp. 240-1; Finer, pp.341-2. 130. Dayan, Story of My Life, pp. 189--91; Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion, p. 241; Pineau, pp. 135-7; Brecher, Decisions in 1srael's Foreign Policy, p. 273; Bromberger and Bromberger, pp. 100-1; Donald Logan, 'Collusion at Suez', Financial Times, 8 November 1986. 448 Notes and References to pp. 139-45

131. Pineau, pp. 149-54; Abel Thomas, pp. 194-5; Ely, pp. 151-3; Lloyd, p. 188. Moncrieff, pp. 94-5; Dayan, Story of My Life, pp. 191-3; Bar-Zohar, Ben• Gurion, pp. 242-3; Donald Logan, 'Collusion at Suez', Financial Times, 8 November 1986; Terence Robertson, Crisis: The Inside Story of the Suez Conspiracy, p. 163. 132. SCOR, lith year. Supplement for October-December 1956, pp. 120-4, S/3728; Lloyd, p. 170. 133. Eden, pp. 514-23; Ely, pp. 153~; Bromberger and Bromberger, p. 69; Eisenhower, pp. 69-70; Murphy, pp. 388--9; Cooper, pp. 158--9; Eban, pp. 210-11. 134. Dayan, Diary of the Sinai Campaign, pp. 58, 60, 70; Meir, p. 246; Burns, pp. 177-9. 135. SCOR, lith year, Supplement for October-December 1956, p. 100, S/3690; 746th mtg (28 October 1956); Ely, pp. 148-50; Johnson, pp. 88--9. 136. GA res. 998 (ES-I), 4 November 1956; GA res. 1001 (ES-I), 7 November 1956. 137. Bromberger and Bromberger, pp. 12, 22, 84, 86-7. 138. John D. Glassman, Arms for the Arabs: The and War in the Middle East, pp. 11, 19, 182-3; Heikal, Nasser: The Cairo Documents, pp. 109-10; Love, p. 574; Barker, pp. 59-63, 98. 139. Dayan, Diary of the Sinai Campaign, pp. 77-87,222; Ben-Gurion, Israel: Years of Challenge, pp. 121~; Ely, pp. 155-6; Beaufre, pp. 8~, 87; Barker, p. 77; Edgar O'Ballance, The Sinai Campaign, 1956, pp. 86-7, 112-17, 182; Heikal, Sphinx and Commissar, pp. 68--71. 140. Burns, pp. 179-80; Dayan, Diary of the Sinai Campaign, pp. 162-3; Eban, p. 211; Finer, pp. 353~; Robertson, p. 170; Brecher, Decisions in Israel's Foreign Policy, p. 279; Beaufre, pp. 139~7. 141. SCOR, lith year, Supplement for October-December 1956, pp. 98--100, S/3689; 747th mtg (29 October 1956). See also 12th year, Supplement for January-March 1957, pp. 5-7, S/3783. 142. Urquhart, pp. 172-3; Henry Cabot Lodge, The Storm Has Many Eyes, pp. 130-1; Dixon, pp. 26~; Aldrich, p. 546; SCOR, 11th year, 751st mtg (31 October 1956), para. 1. 143. Burns, pp. 180-2. 144. Eisenhower, pp. 74-6, 678--9; Finer, pp. 359-60; Eden, p. 524; Dixon, pp. 264-5; Love, p. 506; Eban, p. 212; SCOR, lith year, Supplement for October• December 1956, p. 108, S13706. 145. SCOR, lith year, 748th mtg (30 October 1956), paras. 2, 8, 10-11, 14-15, 17-18, 21, 23, 27, 29, 31-2, 35, 37, 42~, 47, 52-3, 69, 71; Supplement for October-December 1956, p. 109; S/3707; Eban, pp. 213-14. 146. Pineau, pp. 158, 16~; Ely, pp. 156-8; Bromberger and Bromberger, p. 28; Moncrieff, p. 94; Eden, pp. 524-8; Dixon, p. 264; Peres, pp. 209-10; Dayan, Diary of the Sinai Campaign, p. 97; Eban, p. 214; Eisenhower, p. 76; Finer, pp. 356-7; SCOR, 11th year, 749th mtg (30 October 1956), paras. 4-5. 147. Trevelyan, pp. 114-5; Nutting, pp. 115-6; Cooper, pp. 248--9. 148. SCOR, 11th year, Supplement for October-December 1956, p. 110, S/371O; 749th mtg (30 October 1956), paras. ~5, 14-24, 125,147, and p. 31 n. 2. 149. SCOR, 11th year, 749th mtg, paras. 6-12, 139, 141, 177. 150. Ibid., paras. 35-7, 47-8. 151. Ibid., para. 112; Supplement for October-December 1956, pp. 111-12, S/3712. 152. SCOR, 11th year, 749th mtg (30 October 1956), paras. 28, 30-1, 118, 129-31, 179. 153. Ibid., paras. 186, 188--9, 192-5, 199,200,202-3; Lloyd, p. 199; Pineau, p. 204; Notes and References to pp. 146-50 449

Macmillan, p. 151. The vetoed text is in Bailey, pp. 181-2. 154. Pineau, p. 163; SCOR, 11th year, 750th mtg (30 October 1956), paras. 1,9,23, 25-6,30,37,46,67,84; Dixon, p. 265; Eban, p. 216; Hugh Thomas, pp. 147-8. The vetoed text is in Bailey, p. 182. 155. Nutting, pp. 101-7, 122-3, 137-8, 159-62; Lloyd, p. 204. 156. Dixon, pp. 277-8; Lloyd, p. 213; Lodge, p. 131; Nutting, p. 138; Hugh Thomas, p. 154; Richard Lamb, The Failure of the Eden Government, p. 266; Clark, pp. 175,208. 157. Dayan, Diary of the Sinai Campaign, pp. 87-93, 132-3; Beaufre, pp. 84-5; Bromberger and Bromberger, p. 93; Moncrieff, p. 72. 158. Barker, pp. 98, 122; Keightley, pp. 5329-32; Ely, pp. 158-60; Bromberger and Bromberger, p. 110; Murphy, p. 391; Burns, p. 183; Sherman Adams, First• hand Report: The Story of Eisenhower Administration, New York, Harper, 1961, pp. 255-6; Hugh Thomas, p. 144. 159. Love, p. 561; Burns, p. 36; Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross for 1956, Geneva, 1957, pp. 23-31; Report of the International Com• mittee of the Red Cross for 1957, Geneva, 1958, pp. 20-7; Burns, pp. 245-6; David P. Forsythe, Humanitarian Politics: The International Committee of the Red Cross, Baltimore and London, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977, p. 169. 160. Urquhart, pp. 174-5; Eban, p. 216; Dixon, pp. 265-7; SCOR, 11th year, 751st mtg (31 October 1956), paras. 4-5. 161. SCOR, 11th year, 751st mtg (31 October 1956), paras. 22, 38, 43, 49, 61; Eden, p.523. 162. SCOR, lIth year, 751st mtg (31 October 1956), paras. 16,71,82-4,87,94,99, 125, 127, 137, 147, 149-50; Macmillan, pp. 158-9; Eban, pp. 217-20; Brecher, Decisions in Israel's foreign policy, p. 278. 163. GAOR, 1st emergency special session (ESS) 561st plenary mtg (1 November 1956), paras. 12,29--32,44,65-6; 562nd plenary mtg (1-2 November 1956), paras. 25,41,213,260,368; Dixon, p. 267. 164. GAOR, 1st ESS, 561st plenary mtg (1 November 1956), paras. 75, 79, 89, 90, 92,96-8, 100, 111; 562nd plenary mtg (1-2 November 1956), para. 221. 165. Ibid., paras. 134, 144; Eban, pp. 221-4. 166. GAOR, 1st ESS, 561st plenary mtg (1 November 1956), paras. 138, 143, 150, 153; Dixon, p 267; Cooper, pp. 181-3. 167. GAOR, 1st ESS, 562nd plenary mtg (1-2 November 1956), paras. 37,101,166, 278,280,286,307,311,357; GA res. 997 (ESS-I), 2 November 1956; Lester Pearson, Memoirs, vol. II, 1948-1957: The International Years, pp. 244-6; Robertson, pp. 192-4; Dixon, p. 267. 168. Dayan, Diary of the Sinai Campaign, pp. 96, 100-3, 140, 146-8, 152-3, 156-7, 197; Barker, p. 81; O'Ballance, pp. 158-9; Ely, pp. 160-6; Beaufre, pp. 85, 87-91; Burns, pp. 183-4. 169. Pearson, pp. 247-8, 251. 170. GAOR, 1st ESS, 563rd plenary mtg (3-4 November 1956), paras. 5, 170, 175; Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 3-5, 7, 9, AJ3266, AJ3267, AJ3268 , AJ3269, A/3274, A/3279; Lloyd, p. 202; Dixon, p. 269; Dayan, Diary of the Sinai Campaign, p. 181. 171. GAOR, 1st ESS, 563rd plenary mtg (3-4 November 1956), paras. 93, 95, 105-6, 113-14, 216, 257-8, 274, 281, 285-6, 288-90, 292, 303; Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 6-8, A/3272, A/3273 AJ3275, AJ3276; GA res. 998 (ESS-I) and 999 (ESS-I), 4 November 1956; Urquhart, p. 177; Pearson, pp. 249--53; Lodge, pp. 132-3; Dixon, p. 270; Nutting, p. 141; Eban, p. 225. 450 Notes and References to pp. 150-6

172. Eban, pp. 225-6. 173. Dixon, p. 271. 174. GAOR, 1st ESS, Annexes. Agenda item 5, pp. 18-19, A/3298; Dayan. Diary of the Sinai Campaign. pp. 184-5. 175. Pearson, pp. 253-4. 176. Burns, pp. 187-92; GAOR, 1st ESS, Annexes. Agenda item 5, pp. 10. 13-15, A/3284 , Annex to A/3287, A/3289, Al3291. 177. GAOR, 565th plenary mtg (4/5 November 1956), paras. 41-2,95,103,109; GA res. 1000 (ESS-I), 5 November 1956; Burns, p. 187. 178. Dayan, Diary of the Sinai Campaign, pp. 190, 193,200,222-3; Ely, pp. 166-8. 179. Eban, p. 227; Keightley, pp. 5332-3; Eden, pp. 552-4; Hugh Thomas, p. 157; Barker, pp. 123-7.136-8; Beaufre, pp. 103-6. 180. GAOR, 1st ESS, Annexes, Agenda item 5. pp. 16-19,29-30. A/3293, A/3294. A/3295. A/3296. Al3297. A/3301. A/331O; Dixon, p. 270. 181. Burns. pp. 188-92; Urquhart, pp. 176-80; Pearson. p. 257. 182. Eisenhower. pp. 89-90; Eden, pp. 554-6; Dixon, pp. 271-2; SCOR. 11th year, 755th mtg (5 November 1956), paras. 3-10, 19, 27; Supplement for October• December 1956, pp. 128-30, S/3736. 183. Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History. pp. 508-11; Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion. p. 248; Peres, p. 211; Eban, p. 228; Brecher, Decisions in Israel's Foreign Policy, pp. 283-4; Pineau, pp. 170-3; Bromberger and Bromberger, p. 150. 184. Khrushchev, pp. 397-9; Bohlen, pp. 432. 437; William Hayter, The Kremlin and the Embassy, London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1966, pp. 147. 151; Eisen• hower. p. 97; Cooper, pp. 197-8; Heikal. Sphinx and Commissar, pp. 72-3. 185. Urquhart, p. 181; Pearson, p. 257. 186. Keightley, pp. 5333-4; Barker, pp. 143-5. 150-1; Ely, p. 176; Beaufre, pp. 106-18; Bromberger. pp. 128-45. 187. Eden. pp. 556-7; Macmillan, pp. 127-8, 163; Lloyd, pp. 210-11, 233; Love. pp. 624-5; Finer, pp. 428-9; Pineau, p. 169; Bromberger. p. 153. 188. GAOR, Ist ESS, Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 19-22, Al3302; Burns. pp. 193-4; Pearson, p. 259. 189. GAOR, 12th session, Annexes, Agenda item 65, pp. 5-7, paras. 30-47 of A/3694; 13th session, Annexes, Agenda item 65, pp. 10-11, 14-15, 17,27-31, paras. 15-16,44,50,70. 149, 155. 160-1, 164, 166-7. 175, 178-9 of Al3943; Burns, pp. 272, 275, 277; D. W. Bowett, United Nations Forces: A Legal Study of United Nations Practice. pp. 79-81. See also pp. 184-6. 190. Lloyd, pp. 42,209,217,253,260; Pineau. pp. 173-80; Ely. pp. 168-71. 177-80; Bromberger and Bromberger, pp. 147, 152; Dixon, p. 273; Cooper. pp. 198-200; Barker, pp. 162-4; GAOR, 1st ESS, Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 27-30, A/3306, Al3307, Al331O. 191. Eden, pp. 551-9; Macmillan, p. 167; Eisenhower, pp. 90-2; Pineau, p. 175. 192. Keightley, p. 5334; Beaufre, pp. 114-18. 193. Eisenhower, pp. 561-3; Murphy, pp. 392-3; Finer, pp. 438-9; Eden, pp. 561-3; Dixon, pp. 274-5; Bromberger and Bromberger, p. 154. 194. Eban, p. 228; Moncrieff, p. 71; Urquhart, p. 182. 195. Brecher, Decisions in Israel's Foreign Policy, pp. 282, 289-90; Eisenhower, pp. 94-5; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 510-12; Bar-Zohar, Ben• Gurion, pp. 249-53; Eban, p. 232; Robert Henriques, One Hundred Hours to Suez: An Account of Israel's Campaign in the , London, Collins, 1957, p. 252. 196. Eban, pp. 229-31; Brecher, Decisions in Israel's Foreign Policy, p. 287. 197. Khrushchev, p. 399; Burns, p. 203; Pineau, p. 200. Notes and References to pp. 156-61 451

198. GAOR, 1st ESS, 567th plenary mtg (7 November 1956), paras. 11, 17, 103; 567th plenary mtg (7 November 1956), paras. 83, 134-6; Annexes, Agenda item 5, p. 30, Al3312; Dixon, p. 273. 199. GAOR, 1st ESS, 567th plenary mtg (7 November 1956), paras. 99-101, 104, 124, 128. 200. Ibid., paras. 52, 153, 159, 166, 179,296,304. 201. GA res. 1001 (ESS-I) and 1002 (ESS-I), 7 November 1956; Burns, p. 194; Eden, p. 564. 202. Urquhart, p. 182; GAOR, 1st ESS, Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 30-1, A/3313, A/3314. 203. GAOR, 1st ESS, Annexes, p. 32, Al3320; Eban, p. 233. 204. Burns, pp. 194-201. 205. GAOR, 1st ESS, 572nd plenary mtg (10 November 1956), para. 18; GA res. 1003 (ESS-I), 10 November 1956. 206. GAOR, 1st ESS, Annexes, Agenda item 5, p. 24, Al3302/Adds. 6 and 7; 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, p. 4 and 7, Al3302/Adds. 19 and 29; 591st plenary mtg (23 November 1956) para. 40; 13th session, Annexes, Agenda item 65, pp. 12,14-15, paras. 24 and 45 of Al3943; Comay, p. 48; Urquhart, p. 190. 207. Urquhart, pp. 186-9; Burns, pp. 201-4,214,234-5; Pearson, pp. 261-5; Eden, pp. 567-8, Lloyd, p. 214. 208. Burns, p. 204. 209. Ibid., pp. 198,200-1,208-9,215; Pearson, pp. 264-71. 210. Burns, pp. 206-18, 273; Lloyd, p. 215. 211. Urquhart, pp. 188-93; Burns, pp. 203, 208-9, 216; Pearson; p. 270; Lloyd, pp. 221, 229; Dixon, p. 276; Eden, p. 568; Keightley, p. 5336; GAOR, 13th session, Annexes, Agenda item 65, p. 25, para. 133 of A/3943. 212. GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 9-10, Annex to A/3375; GA res. 1121 (XI), 24 November 1956; GAOR, 11th session, 649th plenary mtg (1 February 1957). paras. 110-14; 13th session, Annexes, Agenda item 65, p. 28, paras. 157-9 of Al3943. 213. GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, p. 71, memorandum annexed to A/3563; Burns, pp. 216-18. 214. International Legal Materials: Current Documents, May-, pp. 595-602. 215. GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 8, 16-18, Al3342, Al3384 and Add. 1; Urquhart, pp. 192-3; Eden, p. 564; Pineau, pp. 200--1. The report on Gaza prepared for Hammarskjold is in GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 36-8, Al3491. 216. Eden, pp. 568-9; Nutting, p. 153. 217. GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 9-10, Al3375 , A/3376; GA res. 1121 (XI), 24 November 1956. 218. GAOR, 11th session, 591st plenary mtg (23 November 1956), paras. 29, 45; 592nd plenary mtg (23 November 1956), paras. 8, 11, 30, 38-9, 94; 595th plenary mtg (26 November 1956), para. 146; 596th plenary mtg (26 November 1956), para. 92; 597th plenary mtg (27 November 1956), para. 29. 219. Ibid., 591st plenary mtg (23 November 1956), paras. 86-8, 94; 593rd plenary mtg (24 November 1956), para. 118; Eden, p. 568; Moncrieff, pp. 84-5. 220. GAOR, 11th session, 592nd plenary mtg (23 November 1956), paras. 56,64-5, 67; 593rd plenary mtg (24 November 1956), paras. 109-10. 221. Ibid., 592nd plenary mtg (23 November 1956), paras. 137, 146; 594th plenary mtg (24 November 1956), para. 54; Annexes, Agenda item 66, p. 18, Annexes VII and VIII to Al3384/Add. 2; Lloyd, pp. 216-17. 222. GAOR, 11th session, 591st plenary mtg (23 November 1956), para. 22; 593rd 452 Notes and References to pp. 162-4

plenary mtg (24 November 1956), paras. 126,131,141,148,151; 594th plenary mtg (24 November 1956), paras. 5, 13-31, 36, 40, 104, 108, 145, 148, 157; Annexes, Agenda item 66, p. 73, AIL. 215; GA res. 1120 (XI), 24 November 1956; Spaak, pp. 133-5; Dixon, pp. 276-7; Eden, pp. 569-70; Lodge, 1973, pp. 133-5; Hammarskjold, pp. 122-3. 223. Burns, pp. 202-3, 222--6, 242; Pineau, p. 205; GAOR, 13th session, Annexes, Agenda item 65, pp. 14-15, paras. 40, 54--6 of N3943. 224. GAOR, 11th session 595th plenary mtg (26 November 1956), paras. 46, 121; 596th plenary mtg (26 November 1956), para. 64; 597th plenary mtg (27 November 1956), para. 48; Annexes, Agenda item 66, p. 21, A/3395; Urquhart, pp. 196-7; Pineau, pp. 205--6. 225. GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, p. 26, A/341O; Brecher, Decisions in Israel's Foreign Policy, pp. 292-3. 226. Burns, pp. 299-30; Urquhart, pp. 196-9. 227. Lloyd, pp. 228, 232; Pineau, p. 206-7; Burns, pp. 226-38; Eden, p. 573; Macmillan, p. 169; GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 28-9, N3415. 228. GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 10, 38-41, A/3376, N3492; 12th session, Annexes, Agenda item 64, pp. 1-5, A/3719; GA res. 1212 (XII), 14 December 1957; A/3862, 1 August 1958 (mimeo); Urquhart, pp. 200--2; Eden, pp. 565, 573. 229. GAOR, 11th year, 624th plenary mtg (18 December 1956), paras. 139-72; 629th plenary mtg (20 December 1956), paras. 112-40; 630th plenary mtg (21 December 1956), paras. 18-41; Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 21-3, 27-8, 30-1,33, A/3398, A/3400 and Add. 1, A/3412, A/3444, A/3445, N3457; Eden, pp. 567, 573-6. 230. GAOR, 11th year, 630th plenary mtg (21 December 1956), Annexes, Agenda item 66, p. 35, A/3478; 624th plenary mtg (18 December 1956), paras. 173-228; 630th plenary mtg (21 December 1956), paras. 1-17, 42-112, 114--66; 631st plenary mtg (21 December 1956), paras. 1--62,65-107,117-89. 231. GAOR, 11th year, 632nd plenary mtg (21 December 1956), para. 17; Annexes, Agenda item 66, p. 42, para. 1 of A/3500; Burns, pp. 230, 238-9; Keightley, p. 5337; Eden, p. 573; Macmillan, p. 169. 232. GAOR, 11th session, 632nd plenary mtg (21 December 1956), paras. 8-14; Burns, pp. 238-40. 233. GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, p. 14, para. 6 (a) of A/3383 and Rev. 1; 596th plenary mtg (26 November 1956), paras. 157--60,227; 597th plenary mtg (27 November 1956), para. 32; Fifth Committee, 538th mtg (27 November 1956), paras. 40-5; 541st mtg (3 December 1956), paras. 78-9; GA res. 1122 (XI), 26 November 1956; GA res. 1089 (XI), 21 December 1956; GA res. 1090 (XI), 27 February 1957 (p. 289), res. (11». 234. Hammarskjold, pp. 123-8. 235. Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 523; Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion, pp. 253-4. 236. Eden, p. 581; Nutting, p. 159. 237. GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 42-4, N3500 and Add. 1; 638th plenary mtg (17 January 1957), paras. 103-8; Urquhart, p. 203; Burns, pp. 240-1. 238. GAOR, 11th session, 638th plenary mtg (17 January 1957), para. 2; 639th plenary mtg (17 January 1957), para. 25,48,164-5,170,179; 640th plenary mtg (18 January 1957), paras. 23, 58--60, 156; 641st plenary mtg (18 January 1957), paras. 77,83,87-9,127-30,158. Notes and References to pp. 165-70 453

239. GAOR, 11th session, 638th plenary mtg (17 January 1957), paras. 28-84; 639th plenary mtg (17 January 1957), paras. 31, 34; 640th plenary mtg (18 January 1957), para. 108; 641st plenary mtg (18 January 1957), paras. 38, 48; 642nd plenary mtg (18 January 1957), para. 37; Norman Harper and David Sissons, Australia and the United Nations, New York, Manhattan Publishing, 1959 (for the Australian Institute of International Affairs and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace), pp. 129, 132, 292-4, 297. 240. GAOR, 11th session, 638th plenary mtg (17 January 1957), paras. 127, 138, 143, 150, 152-3, 165, 169; 642nd plenary mtg (19 January 1957), paras. 76, 85-6, 88-9, 94, 102. 241. GAOR, 11th session, 642nd plenary mtg (19 January 1957), paras. 44, 55, 123; GA res. 1123 (XI), 19 January 1957. 242. Burns, pp. 241-5. 243. GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 45-7; A/3511; Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion, p. 254; Eban, p. 235. 244. GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 47-50 and 58, A/3512 and A/3527, para. 8; Urquhart, pp. 204, 206; Burns, pp. 246-7. 245. GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 50,52, A/3517, A/3518. 246. Ibid., 11th session, 646th plenary mtg (29 January 1957), paras. 62, 64, 67, 71; 650th plenary mtg (2 February 1957), paras. 18-22, 30, 133-4, 136; 652nd plenary mtg (2 February 1957), paras. 7,11,15-16,123. See also 659th plenary mtg (22 February 1957), para. 21; 660th plenary mtg (26 February 1957), paras. 84-96; 661st plenary mtg (26 February 1957), paras. 10-7. 247. Ibid., 11th session, 649th plenary mtg (1 February 1957), para. 5; 650th plenary mtg (2 February 1957), paras. 72,76, 79; 651st plenary mtg (2 February 1957), para. 153. 248. Ibid., 11th session, 645th plenary mtg (28 January 1957), paras. 1,3-4, 140; 646th plenary mtg (29 January 1957), paras. 101, 103; 649th plenary mtg (1 February 1957), paras. 79,86-7; 650th plenary mtg (2 February 1957), paras. 50-1, 104; 651st plenary mtg (2 February 1957), paras. 29, 147-8, 151; 652nd plenary mtg (2 February 1957), paras. 25, 30, 39-40, 45, 48. 249. Ibid., 11th session, 649th plenary mtg (1 February 1957), paras. 110-14. 250. Ibid., 645th plenary mtg (28 January 1957), paras. 10, 12, 18, 56, 60, 73-8, 652nd plenary mtg (2 February 1957), paras. 152, 155; Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 61-2, Annex V to A/3527. 251. Ibid., 652nd plenary mtg (2 February 1957), paras. 212-24; GA res. 1124 (XI) and 1125 (XI), 2 February 1957; Lodge, pp. 135-7. 252. Burns, pp. 248-9; Urquhart, pp. 206-7; GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 57-62, A/3527. 253. Eisenhower, pp. 184-5; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 525-6; Burns, p. 250. 254. GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 52-7, A/3526; A/3552, 21 February 1957 (mimeo), transmitting ST/SGB/UNEF/1. 255. Department of State Bulletin, vol. 36, pp. 392-3; Eisenhower, pp. 184-5, 684-5; Eban, pp. 239-40; Pineau, p. 212. 256. Eban, pp. 242-4; Meir, p. 254. 257. Eban, pp. 240-2; Ben-Gurion, Israel.' A Personal History, pp. 527-9; Eisen• hower, pp. 186-8; Pineau, p. 212. 258. Burns, pp. 251, 269; GAOR, 11th session, 659th plenary mtg (22 February 1957), paras. 26-7. 259. GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, p. 62, A/3542. 260. Urquhart, p. 209; Bar-Zohar, Ben-Gurion, p. 255; Eban, pp. 245-7. 454 Notes and References to pp. 170-4 and 187-8

261. Eban, p. 247; GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 70-1, Al3563. 262. Eban, pp. 247-8; Brecher, Decisions in Israel's Foreign Policy, p. 298. 263. GAOR, 11th session, 660th plenary mtg (26 February 1957), paras. 29,47,53, 58-75,108-9; 664th plenary mtg (28 February 1957), paras. 25-9,116-20; 665th plenary mtg (1 March 1957), para. 17. For other remarks of Pearson about the relationship of UNEF and UNTSO, see 652nd plenary mtg (2 February 1957), para. 42. 264. Pineau, pp. 215-17; Eban, pp. 248-9; Brecher, Decisions in Israel's Foreign Policy, p. 299. 265. Pineau, pp. 216-17; Urquhart, pp. 210-11; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 530-1. 266. Pineau, pp. 217-19. 267. Urquhart, pp. 212-14; Burns, p. 253. 268. GAOR, 11th session, 666th plenary mtg (1 March 1957), paras. 1-18; Bar• Zohar, Ben-Gurion, pp. 255-7. 269. Eban, pp. 249-52; Finer, p. 487. 270. GAOR, 11th session, 665th plenary mtg (1 March 1957), para. 55; 666th plenary mtg (1 March 1957), paras. 28, 62, 88. 271. Eban, pp. 252-4; Meir, p. 255. 272. Department of State Bulletin, vol. 36, pp. 433, 482-9; Eban, pp. 235-6, 254--6; Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, p. 533; Eisenhower, pp. 190-1. 273. GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 72-3, Al3568; 667th plenary mtg (4 March 1957), paras. 2,13,15,73,91,104,123,159,200,217-18, 221; 668th plenary mtg (8 March 1957), paras. 139-40, 230, 239, 249, 266. 274. Burns, pp. 255-60; Benny Morris, 'Creeping withdrawal', Jerusalem Post International, 10 December 1988, pp. 9-10. 275. GAOR, 12th session, Annexes, Agenda item 65, p. 2, paras. 2-7 of Al3694; 13th session, Annexes, Agenda item 65, pp. 14, 20, paras. 43, 99 of A/3943; Burns, pp. 260-3; Bromberger and Bromberger, p. 180. 276. Bromberger and Bromberger, pp. 265-8. 277. GAOR, 13th session, Annexes, Agenda item 65, pp. 16-17, para. 67 of Al3943; Burns, pp. 268-71,274--6; Bowett, pp. 82-3; Eban, pp. 256-8.

3 1967

1. Text of vetoed proposal in Sydney D. Bailey, Voting in the Security Council, Bloomington, Ind., and London, Indiana University Press, 1969, pp. 197 (veto 109). 2. Middle East Record, vol. 3, 1967, pp. 170-1, 489. 3. Fuad A. Jabber (ed.), International Documents on Palestine 1967, pp. 478, 487-9,491,496-500,505-6,522-5 (docs. 283,284,285,293,297,306); Middle East Record, pp. 315-6; Leila S. Kadi, Arab Summit Conferences and the Palestine Problem (1936-1950), (1964-196), Beirut, Palestine Liberation Organi• zation, 1966, pp. 104-6; Rashid Hamid, 'What is the PLOT Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. IV, no. 4 (summer 1975), pp. 94--6; Hussein A. Hasouna, The League of Arab States and Regional Disputes: A study of Middle East Conflicts, New York, Oceana: Leiden, Sythoff, 1975 (Litho.) pp. 267-8; Maxime Rodinson, Israel and the Arabs, pp. 115, 163-6; Avigdor Dagan, Moscow and Jerusalem: twenty years of relations between Israel and the Soviet Union, pp. 192, 195; Eric Rouleau and others, Israel et les Arabes: Ie 3e combat, pp. 40-5; Samir A. Mutawi, Jordan in the 1967 War, pp. 56-7,76. Notes and References to p. 188 455

4. SCOR, 21st year, Supplement for July-September 1966, pp. 30-2, S17412; 1289th mtg (26 July 1966), para. 57; Middle East Record, p. 166. 5. For reports of the UN Truce Supervision Organization on breaches of the cease-fire and other incidents, see the following UN documents: date location SCOR March 1957 Lake Hula 12th year, Supplement for April-June 1957, pp. 4-7, S/3815; Supplement for July-September 1957, pp. 2-11, S/3844 and Add.!. July 1957 Government Ibid., pp. 38-61, S/3892; Supplement for House, Jerusalem October-December 1957, pp. 1-2, S/3892/ Adds.1 and 2. May 1958 Mount Scopus, 13th year, Supplement for April-June Jerusalem 1958, pp. 74-100, S/4030; Supplement for July-September 1958, pp. 1-3, S/4030/ Add.!. December Lake Hula Ibid., Supplement for October-December 1958 1958, pp. 23-32, S/4124; 844th mtg (15 December 1958), paras. 1-8. January 1959 Ma'ale Habashan 14th year, Supplement for January-June 1959, pp. 61-9, S/4154. January 1960 Tawafiq-Beit Qat• 15th year, Supplement for January-March sir 1960 pp. 11-50, S/4270. April 1961 Jerusalem 16th year, Supplement for April-June 1961, pp. 29-36, S/4792 and Add.!. March 1962 Lake Tiberias 17th year, Supplement for January-March 1962, pp. 100-10, S/5102 and Add.l; l001st mtg (4 April 1962), pp. 2-7. August 1963 Almagor 18th year, Supplement for July-September 1963, pp. 83-139, S/5401 and Adds. 1-4; 1058th mtg (28 August 1963), paras. 3-4. November Tel-El-Qadi 19th year, Supplement for October• 1964 (Tel Dan) December 1964, pp. 70-185, S/6061 and Add.!. July 1966 Lake Hula 21st year, Supplement for July-September 1966, pp. 46-53, S17432 and Add.l, S17433. October 1966 Jerusalem Ibid., Supplement for October-December 1966, pp. 40-4, S17553. November Samu Ibid., 1320th mtg (16 November 1966), 1966 paras. 5-14; Supplement for October- December 1966, pp. 88-94, S17593 and Add.!. 6. SC res 127 (S/3942), 22 January 1958; 162 S/4788), 11 April 1961; 171 (S/5111), 9 April 1962; 288 (SI7598), 25 November 1966. Text of vetoed proposals in Sydney D. Bailey, Voting in the Security Council, Bloomington, Ind., and London, Indiana University Press, 1969, pp. 194-7 (vetoes 105, 108, 109). 7. David P. Forsythe, United Nations Peacemaking, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972, pp. 12544; Mordechai Gazit, 'Mediation and Mediators', Jerusalem Journal of International Relations, vol. 5, no. 4 (1981), pp. 88-90; Steven L. Spiegel, The Other Arab-Israeli Conflict, University of Chicago Press, 1985, pp. 111-7. 8. , Destination Peace, p. 129; Rafael, 'Twenty Years in Retrospect: 456 Notes and References to pp. 189-91

1967-87', in The Impact of the Six Day War, edited by Stephen J. Roth, p. 3; Abba Eban, An Autobiography, pp. 315--6; Jabber, p. 2 (doc. 6) 9. Charles W. Yost, 'How it began', Foreign Affairs, p. 305; Middle East Record, p. 22; Odd Bull, War and Peace in the Middle East: The Experiences and Views of a UN Observer, pp. 101. 103. 'At the time' writes Eugene V. Rostow, 'we [the Americans] thought [Gromyko's visit] extremely important ... It was almost surely the green light for Nasser', letter to the author, 11 July 1983. 10. Middle East Record, pp. 120-1; letter to the author from the General Odd Bull, 4 April 1983. General Bull points out that after the 1967 war, Israel took control of the water resources on the and the , and he mentions also the destruction of wells of the excellent agricultural project of the Arab Development Society between and the . 11. SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for January-March 1967, pp. 26, 29, 33, 39-42, 64-5, 184-8, S17683 , S17685 , S17690, S17697 , S17734 , S17784; Supplement for April-June 1967, pp. 20-1, 24-30, 53-7, S17843 , S17845 , S17863; Middle East Record, pp. 173-4; Jabber, pp. 479-86, 512 (docs. 281-2, 300); Bull, p. 106; Yost, 'How it began', p. 106; Michael Howard and Robert Hunter, Israel and the Arab World: the Crisis of 1967, p. 13. 12. Jabber, pp. 6,500,539,621 (docs. 16,293,318,392); Dagan, pp. 204-7; Rafael, p. 133; Mohamed Heikal, Nasser: the Cairo Documents, p. 217; Heikal, Sphinx and Commissar, pp. 174-5; Middle East Record, pp. 22, 188, 191; Theodore Draper, Israel and World Politics: Roots of the Third Arab-Israeli War, Appen• dix B, p. 238; , The Road to War, 1967: The Origin of the Arab-Israel Conflict, Appendix 9, p. 319; Moshe Dayan, Story of My life, p. 291; Hisham Sharabi, Palestine and Israel: the lethal dilemma, New York, Pegasus [1970?], p. 100; Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, p. 52. 13. Yost, 'How it began', p. 309; Rouleau, p. 75; Michael Brecher, Decisions in Israel's foreign policy, p. 362, f.n. 5; Anthony Nutting, Nasser, p. 298; Bull, p.104. 14. SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, pp. 30-1,34-7,78-9,82--6, 90-1, 101-3, 105--6, S17849, S17853 , S17877 , S17880, S17885 , S17890, S17893; Rafael, p. 136; Mutawi, pp. 47,55,71,73,93,102,182; Jabber, pp. 538-9,550, 555, 560 (docs. 318, 328); Middle East Record, p. 187; Eban, p. 319; Nadav Safran, Israel: the embattled ally, pp. 391, 395, 406; Draper, p. 73; Yost, 'How it began' p. 307, Indar Jit Rikhye, The Sinai Blunder, p. 199; letter to the author from General Odd Bull, 4 April 1983. 15. Jabber, pp. 517-8, 526-31, 534--6 (docs. 303-4, 308, 309, 314); Middle East Record, p. 132; letter from General Indar Jit Rikhye to the author, 13 June 1983. 16. Eban, p. 319; Rafael, pp. 136-7; Rabin, p. 52; Brecher, pp. 362-3; Fred J. Khouri, The Arab-Israeli Dilemma, p. 245; Yost 'How it began', p. 313; Middle East Record, p. 185. 17. Rikhye, p. 13. 18. Eban, pp. 319-20; Teddy Kollek, Jerusalem, p. 187; Middle East Record, p. 181; Michael Bar-Zohar, Embassies in Crisis: Diplomats and Demagogues Behind the Six-Day War, p. 18; Henry Cattan, Palestine and International Law: The Legal Aspects of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, London, Longman, 1973, p. 129. 19. Ibid., pp. 194,204,317; Bar-Zohar, p. 18; Mutawi, pp. 129, 165. 20. GAOR, 5th emergency special session, Annexes, Agenda item 5, p. 5, para. 6.3(a) and (b) of A/6730; Rikhye, pp. 14-22; , View from the UN, p.220. 21. Bull, pp. 106-7, and letter to the author, 4 April 1983; Rikhye, pp. 162-3,182. Notes and References to pp. 191-5 457

22. Mutawi, pp. 82-3, 85. Jabber, p. 476, 503-4 (docs. 280, 295); Middle East Record, p. 192; Mahmoud Riad, The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East, pp. 22,36; , In search of Identity, p. 172; Heikal, Sphinx and Commis• sar, p. 163; Khouri, p. 245; See also Arthur Lall, The UN and the Middle East Crisis, 1967, p. 7; Nutting, pp. 392,395,397,414; Brecher, p. 324; Winston Burdett, Encounter with the Middle East, pp. 214, 238. 23. Eliezer Be'eri, Army Offices in Arab politics and society, pp. 44, 78, 85, 89, 99-100, 104, 117, 120, 122, 126-7,248; Ismail Fahmy, Negotiating for Peace in the Middle East, p. 21; Ramses Nassif, U Thant in New York, pp. 73-5; Nutting, p. 410; Burdett, pp. 214,230,239---41; letter from General Bull to the author, 4 April 1983; Rikhye, p. 168. 24. Conversation with Sir Anthony Nutting, 17 March 1983, and Nutting, p. 339; Bull, p. 108; Riad, p. 18; Heikal, Nasser, p. 218; Heikal, Sphinx and Commissar, p. 176; Fahmy, p. 19; Rikhye, pp. 19,160, 163-5. 25. Eban, pp. 321-3; Rafael, pp. 137-9. 26. Conversation with Sir Anthony Nutting, 17 March 1983, and Nutting, p. 402; Rikhye, pp. 52, 82, 164-5, 182; SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, p. 121, para. 5 of S17906; GAOR, 5th emergency special session, Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 5-7, 11-12, paras. 6, 3 and 7 of A/6730 and para. 22 of A/6730/Add. 3; Draper, Appendix 7, p. 174; Thant, p. 224; Bull, pp. 107-8 and letter to the author from General Bull, 4 April 1983; letter to the author from Sir Brian Urquhart, 5 August 1983; letter to the author from Hans Tabor, 23 January 1984; George Ignatieff The Making of a Peacemonger, p. 226; Rafael, p. 140. 27. Letter from a diplomat who knew Thant at this time, 26 July 1983; Lall, pp. 18-9; Lyndon Baines Johnson, The Vantage Point, p. 290; Eugene V. Rostow, Peace in the Balance: The Future of American Foreign Policy, p. 256 and letter, 11 July 1983; , The Labour Government 1964-70, p. 506 Harold Wilson The Chariot of Israel: Britain, America and the State of Israel, p. 330; George Brown, In my way, p. 136; Golda Meir, My Life, p. 296; Eban, p. 319; Howard and Hunter, pp. 47-9; Raymond Aron, De Gaulle, Israel et les luifs, pp. 125-6, Rouleau, p. 77; Rikhye, pp. 169,181-2; Henry M. Christman (ed.), The State Papers of , p. 128. 28. GAOR, 5th emergency special session, Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 7, 11-2, 20---1, para. 8, 10 of A/6730, paras. 21, 24-5, and Annex of A/6730/Add. 3; SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, pp. 120---1, para. 4 of S17906; Thant, pp. 220-6,479; Bull, p. 107 and the letter to the author, 4 April 1983; Rikhye, pp. 53-6, 67, 151, 173, 177, and letter to the author, 25 July 1979; letters from George Ignatieff and Hans Tabor to the author, 17 May 1983 and 23 January 1984 respectively; Ignatieff, pp. 219-21, 225; Lall, pp. 19-20; Michael Comay, UN Peace-Keeping in the Arab-Israeli Conflict, p. 67; David Kimche and Dan Bawly, The sandstorm: The Arab-Israel war of lune 1967: prelude and aftermath, p. 95; Bar-Zohar, pp. 38, 56, 63; Charles W. Yost, The Conduct and Misconduct of Foreign Affairs, pp. 72, 186; Aron, pp. 23, 125; Khouri, p. 246. 29. GAOR, 5th emergency special session, 1527th plenary mtg (20 June 1967), para. 6; Annexes, Agenda item 5, p. 11, Al6730/Add. 3, para. 21; Thant, p. 223; Nassif, p. 76; letter from General Odd Bull to the author, 4 April 1983; letter from Arthur J. Goldberg to the author, 5 April 1983. 30. Eban, pp. 324-6, 330; Rafael, pp. 130, 140; Brecher, pp. 367, 373; Dagan, p. 213; Johnson, p. 290; William B. Quandt, Decade of Decisions, pp. 39---41; Draper, pp. 85,87; Rouleau, p. 161; Jonathan Trumbull Howe, Multicrises: Sea 458 Notes and References to pp. 196-202

power and global politics in the age, p. 55. 31. Rabin, p. 54; Eban, pp. 327-9; Brecher, p. 372; Quandt, pp. 39--40. 32. See also 18~. Middle East Record, p. 59; Wilson, Chariot of Israel, pp. 332-3; Eban, pp. 326, 328-9; Bar-Zohar, pp. 48,69; Quandt, p. 40; Johnson, p. 290; Rabin, p. 55; Michael Brecher, pp. 318-19, 373-4. 33. GAOR, 5th emergency special session, Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 6,7,11, paras. 6(e) to (h) and 9 of Al6730, paras. 15, 17 of Al6730/Add. 3; SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, p. 112, para. 13 of S/7896; Rikhye, pp. 23-7. 34. Ibid., pp. 27-8. 35. Thant, p. 222; Rikhye, pp. 28-35; Jabber, p. 19 (doc. 31). 36. SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, pp. 109-13, S/7896; UN press release SG/SM/708, 11 . 37. Rikhye, p. 40. 38. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1950, vol. V, pp. 711, 722; 1951, Vol. V, pp.585-8. 39. Jabber, pp. 538-41 (doc. 318); Middle East Record, p. 198. 40. Jabber, pp. 547-65, 577-9 (docs. 326,328,329,339); Draper, Appendices 10, 11, 12, pp. 222,224,230-1,234; Laqueur, Appendices 10, 11, 12, pp. 295, 305, 310; Rouleau, pp. 8~. 41. Letter from General Rikhye, 13 June 1983; Lall, p. 37; Khouri, p. 248; Law• rence L. Whetten, The Arab-Israeli Dispute: Great Power Behaviour, p. 51; Laqueur, p. 95. 42. Jabber, pp. 11-2, 623 (docs. 24, 393); Nadav Safran, Israel, pp. 399--400; Draper, pp. 80-1; Dagan, p. 292; Arkady N. Shevchenko, Breaking with Moscow, p. 133; Lall, pp. 30-1. 43. Jabber, pp. 11-2 (doc. 24). 44. Ibid., pp. 556, 565 (docs. 328-9). 45. Heikal, Sphinx and Commissar, p. 175; Quandt, p. 54. 46. Heikal, Sphinx and Commissar, pp. 178-80; Heikal, Nasser, pp. 218-9; Riad, pp. 34-5; Draper, pp. 79, 100, 234; Nutting, p. 407. 47. Aron, p. 126. 48. SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, pp. 116-8, S/7901; 1342nd mtg (24 May 1967), para. 68; Brecher, pp. 378-9, 383, 385, 389; Laqueur, p. 135; Middle East Record, pp. 164, 179. 49. Letter to the author from Eugene V. Rostow, 11 July 1983; Jabber, pp. 7-9 (docs. 20-1), Johnson, p. 291; GAOR, 22nd regular session, 1573rd plenary mtg (29 September 1967), paras. 92, 104, 134; Quandt. pp. 42-3. 50. Jabber, pp. 565-8,573-5 (docs. 330, 336); Riad, pp. 20-2; Sadat, p. 282; Eban, p. 334; Bar-Zohar, p. 83; SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, p. 122, para. 9 of S/7906; GAOR, 22nd regular session, 1573rd plenary mtg (29 September 1967), para. 105. 51. Quandt, p. 42; Rabin, p. 60; Bar-Zohar, p. 68. 52. Johnson, p. 291. 53. Middle East Record, p. 195; David Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, pp. 759-61; Rabin, pp. 58-9; Dayan, pp. 319 and 321; Bar-Zohar, pp. 64,69, 121, 133-5; Bar-Zohar, pp. 312-6; Brecher, p. 563; Randolph S. and Winston S. Churchill, The Six Day War, pp. 199-200, 22~. 54. Letter from Eugene Rostow to the author, 11 July 1983; Rabin, pp. 63-4; Kimche and Bawly, pp. 62, 139--40; Eban, pp. 334-7; Dayan, pp. 319-21; Bar-Zohar, pp. 75-7; Yoram Peri, Between battles and ballots: Israeli military in politics, pp. 162-3; Laqueur, p. 126; Brecher, p. 380; Ben-Gurion, p. 761; Nutting, p. 393; Wilson, Chariot of Israel, p. 329. Notes and References to pp. 202-9 459

55. Letter from Walter Eytan to the author, 1 May 1983. 56. SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, pp. ll8-9, S17902; Mutawi, pp. 7&-7, 80-1; letter to the author from Hans Tabor, 23 January 1984. 57. UN Charter, Articles ll(3), 24(1), 35, and 99; Rules of Procedure 2 and 3. 58. Lall, pp. 5--6; Rikhye, pp. 85, 171; letter to the author from Hans Tabor, 23 January 1984. Both Lall and Rikhye refer to the problem caused by the fact that Nationalist China was president in May 1967, but give incorrect information about the members of the Security Council with diplomatic relations with Peking at that time. They were Britain, Bulgaria, Denmark, , India, Mali, and the Soviet Union. 59. Lall, pp. 4-5, 8-10; Bull, p. ll1. 60. Letters to the author from George Ignatieff and Hans Tabor, 14 September 1983 and 23 January 1984 respectively; Ignatieff, pp. 222-3. 61. SCOR, 22nd year, 134th mtg (24 May 1967), paras. 8-58; Samir N. Anabtawi, 'The United Nations and the Middle East Conflict of 1967', The Arab-Israeli Confrontation of June 1967: An Arab Perspective, edited by Ibrahim Abu• Lughod, p. 130. 62. SCOR, 22nd year, 134th mtg (24 May 1967), paras. 30-1,43-5,47,53-4,57,59, 61. 63. Ibid, paras. 14,23,25,27-8,38,40-2,53,58-9,68,75,81-4,91,93,95,98-100; Supplement for April to June 1967, p. ll9, S/7905; letters to the author from George Ignatieff and Hans Tabor, 14 September 1983 and 23 January 1984 respectively; Ignatieff, pp. 222-3; Lall, p. 29. 64. Eban, p. 354; Bar-Zohar, p. 99. President Johnson also sent an emissary to Eisenhower, with the same result; letter from Eugene V. Rostow to the author, 11 July 1983. 65. Thant, p. 231; Bull, p.109; Natiff, pp. 7&-7; Heikal, Sphinx and Commissar, p. 176; Riad, pp. 20-1,30,37. 66. Thant, pp. 233-4; Rafael, p. 139; Rikhye, p. 75. 67. Thant, pp. 478-86; Rikhye, pp. 6&-79, 169, 181-2; Bar-Zohar, p. 102. 68. SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, pp. 120-4, S/7906; Riad, p.20. 69. Rikhye, pp. 167-8; Rouleau, pp. 82-3. 70. Riad, pp. 20-1. 71. Thant, pp. 239-40; Lall, p. 32. 72. Letter from Walter Eytan to the author, 1 May 1983; Jabber, p. 13 (doc. 26); Eban, pp. 339-43; Bar-Zohar, p. 81,93-6; Shimon Peres, David's Sling, p. 231; Aron, pp. 87, 118; Wilson, Labour Government, p. 517; Brown, p. 136. 73. Jabber, p. 13 (doc. 27); Bar-Zohar, p. 80; Wilson, Labour Government, p. 508; Wilson, Chariot of Israel, pp. 332-3, 335, 338-40; Barbara Castle, The Castle Diaries, pp. 257-8; Eban, p, 348. 74. Letter to the author from Arthur J. Goldberg, 5 April 1983; Bassle, p. 258; Howe, p. 80 and Appendix B, p. 363; Johnson, p. 292; Quandt, p. 46; Bar• Zohar, pp. 98-9. 75. Rostow, p. 261; Shimon Peres, David's Sling, p. 232; Meir, p. 297; Christman, p. 128. 76. Eban, pp. 344-7; Wilson, Chariot of Israel, p. 336; Bar-Zohar, pp. 9&-7. 77. Richard Crossman, The Diaries of a Cabinet Minister, Vol. II, 1976, pp. 353, 393; Wilson, Chariot of Israel, pp. 335, 338-40, 34&-7; Bassle, p. 259; Thant, p. 246; Eban, p. 348; Bar-Zohar, pp. 48, 74,174-5; Lester B. Pearson, Memoirs, 1957-1968, London, Gollancz, vol. III, 1975, pp. 307-8; Aron, pp. 8&-8. 78. Crossman, p. 356. 79. Quandt, p. 44; Rostow, pp. 75, 263 and letter, 11 July 1983; Howe, pp. 31-3,36, 460 Notes and References to pp. 209-15

44,54-8,63,68, 108-9, 125, 129, 135-7, 140-1, 144, 155-6, and Appendix B, pp. 363, 365; Wilson, Chariot of Israel, p. 347. 80. Letter to the author from Eugene V. Rostow, 11 July 1983; Howe, p. 36; Eban, p.385. 81. Letter to the author from Arthur J. Goldberg, 5 April 1983; Rabin, pp. 68-9; Rafael, pp. 143-5; Brecher, p. 385. 82. Rafael, p. 144; Eban, p. 349; Brecher, p. 397; Howe, p. 66; Quandt, p. 48. 83. Eban, pp. 348-50; Dayan, p. 344; Rafael, p. 144; Draper, p. 105; Quandt, p. 50; Howe, Appendix B, p. 365. 84. Eban, p. 351. Bar-Zohar, p. 116; Whetten, p. 7. 85. Eban, pp. 351-2; Bull, p. 112. 86. Quandt, pp. 47-8, 52; Howe, pp. 56-7,68,151; Bar-Zohar, p. 117. 87. Lester B. Peason, Memoirs, 1957-1968, London, Gollancz, 1975, vol. III p. 137; Rostow, pp. 260,263 and letter, 11 July 1983; Bar-Zohar, pp. 123, 174-5. 88. Letter to the author from Eugene V. Rostow, 11 July 1983; Rabin, p. 70; Quandt, pp. 50, 53-4, 56; Eban, pp. 353, 356-9; Johnson, pp. 293-4; Bar• Zohar, pp. 123-7; Wilson, Chariot of Israel, p. 340; Riad, pp. 37, 42; Wilbur Crane Eveland, Ropes of Sand: America's Failure in the Middle East, New York and London, Norton, 1980, p. 324. 89. Letters from to the author, 28 March 1983 and 24 August 1983. 90. Eban, p. 360; Rafael, pp. 145-6. 91. Dagan, pp. 216-17; Eban, pp. 366-7; Bar-Zohar, p. 128; Brecher, p. 385; Thant, p. 246. 92. Riad, pp. 35-6; Heikal, Sphinx and Commissar, p. 182; Jabber, pp. 21, 622 (docs. 33,393); Nutting, p. 411; Bar-Zohar, pp. 111-2; Draper, Appendix 14, pp. 239-40; Howe, Appendix B, p. 364; Rouleau, p. 85. 93. Rabin, p. 68, 71; Eban, pp. 365-7; Dayan, p, 331; Bar-Zohar, pp. 135-8; Kimche and Bawly, p. 143. 94. Rafael, p. 147. 95. Ibid. p. 148. 96. Heikal, Sphinx and Commissar, pp. 176-8. 97. Wilson, Chariot of Israel, p. 340; Brecher, p. 398. 98. Quandt, pp. 54-5; Eban, pp. 369-70; Bar-Zohar, p. 140; Brecher, pp. 398, 400. 99. Nutting, pp. 397-8 and conversation, 17 March 1983; Brecher p. 398, Eban, p. 369; Jabber, pp. 49-50 (doc. 48); Quandt, pp. 54-5, Dagan, pp. 220-3. 100. Eban, pp. 371-3; Bar-Zohar, pp. 142-3. 101. Middle East Record, p. 197; Jabber, p. 23 (doc. 36); Rabin, pp, 57,72; Dayan, p. 333; Ben-Gurion, p. 763; Eban, pp. 374-5; Peres, p. 234; Kimche and Bawly, pp. 63-4, 141, 148; Bar-Zohar, pp. 144-5; Uri Avnery, Israel without Zionists: a plea for peace in the Middle East, London, Collier-Macmillan, 1968, p. 29; Safran, pp. 173-4,396,405-9,417; Howard and Hunter, p. 26; Thant, p. 247; letter from General Bull to the author, 4 April 1983. 102. Rabin, pp. 72-4; Dayan, p. 331; Peri. p. 245; Laqueur, pp. 146-9; Middle East Record, p. 197. 103. Letter to the author from Eugene V. Rostow, 11 July 1983; Johnson, p. 294; Quandt, p. 56; Eban, pp. 383, 395; Dayan, pp. 332,342,345-6; Bar-Zohar, pp. 160, 175; Brecher, pp. 413-4, 420. 104. Rafael, p. 150; Eban, pp. 394-5; Bar-Zohar, p. 176; Quandt, p. 59; Middle East Record, p. 203. 105. Rafael, p. 146; Eban, pp. 376, 378. 106. SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, pp. 124-5, S17907; 1343rd mtg (29 May 1967), paras. 43, 51, 75, 79, 102, 254, 259, 304. Notes and References to pp. 215-21 461

107. Ibid., para. 164. 108. Ibid., paras. 25,147,154,205,208,222; 1345th mtg (31 May 1967), para. 125; Thant, p. 246. 109. SCaR, 22nd year, 1343rd mtg (29 May 1967), paras. 187-97. 110. Ibid., 1345th mtg (31 May 1967), paras. 31 (SI7916/Rev. 1),89 (SI7919), pp. 142-4; Lall, pp. 38--9, 41. 111. Crossman, pp. 356-8; Brown, pp. 136-7; Wilson, Chariot of Israel, pp. 341-2, 346-7; Johnson, p. 292; Thant, pp. 248,251; Howe, pp. 84, 149. The state• ments of Wilson and Brown in the House of Commons on 31 May and Wilson's press conference in Washington on 2 June are reproduced in Jabber, pp. 30-7, 42-8, 51-3 (docs. 44, 46, 51). 112. Johnson, p. 294; Quandt, pp. 55,57,59; Riad, pp. 21-2; Sadat, p. 282; Jabber, p. 622 (doc. 393); Rodinson, p. 207; Rouleau, p. 83; Bar-Zohar, pp. 166-8; Donald Neff, Warriors for Jerusalem: The Six Days that changed the Middle East, pp. 178--9; letter to the author from Eugene V. Rostow, 11 July 1983. 113. Reports from Yost to Washington, 2 and 3 June 1967, released under the US Freedom of Information Act. 114. Kimche and Bawly, pp. 61-2, 143, 152; Bar-Zohar, p. 134. 115. Dayan, p. 331; Ben-Gurion, pp. 761-2; Eban, pp, 387-8; Brecher, pp. 377, 381,384. 116. Ben-Gurion, pp. 763, 766, 767; Eban, pp. 390-1; Dayan, pp. 335-6; Rabin, p. 74; Peri, pp. 162,204; Kimche and Bawly, pp. 63, 143; Bar-Zohar, pp. 134, 164, 171; Brecher, pp. 389,409,415,425. 117. Eban, pp. 386, 392; Ben-Gurion, pp. 768--9; Dayan, p. 337; Rabin, p. 75; Bar-Zohar, pp. 172-3; Brecher, pp. 429-30. 118. Dayan, pp. 339-40; Rabin, p. 76; Peri, p. 163; Yael Dayan, A Soldier's Diary, p.25. 119. Eban, p. 383; Johnson, pp. 295-6; Rafael, p. 153; Peres, p. 233; Wilson, Chariot of Israel, p. 346; Bar-Zohar, pp. 174-6; Whetten, p. 8. 120. Middle East Record, pp. 202-3; Jabber, pp. 50-1 (docs. 49, 50); Eban, pp. 398--9; Dayan, p. 343; Peres, p. 231; Bar-Zohar, pp. 178--9,183-5; Brecher, p. 419; Johnson, p. 292; Thant, p. 251; Select Chronology and Background Documents on the Middle East, p. 265. 121. Eban, pp. 348--5; Dayan, pp. 332, 342; Brecher, p. 417; Quandt, pp. 56-7. 122. Churchill, p. 74; Eban, pp. 400, 403; Rabin, p. 76; Brecher, pp. 319,422-3; Rafael, p. 151; Jerusalem Post International, 22-28 August 1982, p. 14; Quandt, p. 58. 123. Letter from General Rikhye to the author, 13 June 1983; Jabber, pp. 537, 568--9,577-9 (docs. 317, 332, 338, 339); Middle East Record, pp. 196,200-4, 244,317,402; Mutawi, pp. 108--9; Ben-Gurion, p. 771; Thant, pp. 247-9, 251; Nutting, pp. 405, 414; Rikhye, pp. 85, 94; Bar-Zohar, pp. 152-3,159; Brecher, p. 419; Howard and Hunter, p. 25; Edgar a'Ballance, The Third Arab-Israeli War, pp. 27, 29, 32, 34-6. 124. Nutting, p. 398, and conversation with the author, 17 March 1983. 125. Rafael, pp. 149-50; SCaR, 22nd year, 1346th mtg (3 June 1967), paras. 10,50, 52,138,221,251-7,263; Supplement for April-June 1967, pp. 129-3, S17925; Lall, p. 45. 126. Thant, pp. 243-5, 480, 487-8; Rikhye, pp. 87-92; Ignatieff, pp. 223-4; Jabber, pp. 555, 559, 560 (doc. 328). 127. Bull, p. 112. 128. Rikhye, pp. 96-9. 129. Rabin, p. 77. 462 Notes and References to pp. 223--8

130. Dayan, pp. 351-2; Rabin, p. 82; , The Arab-Israeli , pp. 151-2; Edward Luttwak and Dan Horowitz, The Israeli Army, London, Allen Lane, 1975, pp. 226-8; Henry Cattan, Palestine and International Law: The Legal Aspects of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, London, Longman, 1973, p. 126; John D. Glassman, Arms for the Arabs: The Soviet Union and War in the Middle East, pp. 23-5, 185-6. 131. Letter to the author from Eugene V. Rostow, 11 July 1983; Bull, p. 113; Eban, pp. 405-7; Dayan, p. 336; [King] , My 'War' with Israel, pp. 64-5, 71; Mutawi, pp. 130, 132; Hessog, p. 153. 132. Ibid., p. 153; Dayan, pp. 352-3, 355, 366; Wilson, Chariot of Israel, p. 352; Hussein, pp. 71-3; Mutawi, p. 126; Nutting, p. 417; O'Baliance, pp. 63, 80; Middle East Record, p. 226. 133. Ibid., p. 214; Riad, pp. 24-6; Mutawi, p. 122. 134. Letter from General Bull to the author, 4 April 1983, SCOR, 22nd year, 1347th mtg (5 June 1967), para. 20 and note 1; 1353rd mtg (9 June 1967), paras. 198, 242; Supplement for April-June 1967, pp. 132, 134, 141-2, 146-7, 149-50, paras. 2 and 12-3 of S17930, para. 4 (VII) of S17930/Add. 3, para. 8 of S17930/Add. 4, para. 4 of S17930/Add. 5, para. 4 of S 7930/Add. 6, para. 7 of S17930/Add. 7; Supplement for July to September 1967, pp. 27-30, 32-6, S17930/Adds. 20,27,29, and para. 3 of S17930/Add. 31; Bull, pp. 114-6,138; Thant, pp. 255-6; Eban, p. 407; Dayan, pp. 355, 366; Kollek, p. 192; Rabin, p. 106; Comay, p. 36. 135. Thant, p. 254; Rafael, pp. 154-5; Eban, p. 403; Jabber, p. 59 (doc. 60); SCOR, 22nd year, 1347th mtg (5 June 1967), para. 4; Supplement for April-June 1967, p. 130, S17926. 136. Jabber, p. 56 (doc. 56); letter to the author from Eugene V. Rostow, 11 July 1983; Johnson, p. 297-8; Howe, p. 90; Quandt, p. 62; Thant, p. 261; Rafael, pp, 156-7; Bar-Zohar, pp. 209-12. 137. Lall, pp. 46-8; Rafael, p. 154; Eban, p. 410; Dayan, p. 379; Ben-Gurion, p. 772; SCOR, 22nd year, 1347th mtg (5 June 1967), paras. 10-21,24,30-3, 36-9,53-4, 56-7; 1351st mtg (8 June 1967), paras. 57-9. 138. Eban, pp. 404-5; Stephen Green, Taking Sides, pp. 352-3; Quandt, p. 61. 139. Dagan, pp. 225-7; Middle East Record, p. 236; Jabber, pp. 54-5 (doc. 54). 140. Ibid., pp. 55-6 (doc. 55); Middle East Record, p. 235; Crossman, pp. 364-5; see also Rabin, p. 93. 141. Johnson, p. 299; Howe, pp. 93-4, 152, and Appendix B, p. 367; Jabber, pp. 58-9 (doc. 59); Draper, p. 111; Churchill, p. 149; Sadat, p. 175. 142. Rafael, p. 155; letter to the author from Hans Tabor, 23 January 1984. 143. The text of declarations of war by , , and are in Jabber, pp. 582-3 (docs. 343-5); statements of Arab solidarity are in Ibid., pp. 579-84, 589-90,600-1 (docs. 341-2,346-8,356-7,373); see also Middle East Record, p.439. 144. Letter to the author from Hans Tabor, 23 January 1984; Rafael, pp. 155-7,168; Thant, p. 257; Howe, p. 102; Wilson, Chariot of Israel, p. 348; Lall, pp. 49-50; Eban, pp. 410, 414; Riad, p. 27; Shevchenko, pp. 133-5; Ilana Kass, Soviet Involvement in the Middle East: Policy Formulation, I96~I973, p. 31; Middle East Record, pp. 226,235-6,244-5; Howard and Hunter, p. 30; Jabber, pp. 56-7 (doc. 57). 145. SCOR, 22nd year, Supplemennt for April-June 1967, pp. 132-5, 159, S17930, S17932. 146. Ibid., 1347th mtg (5 June 1967), paras. 56-7; 1349th mtg (7 June 1967), para. 29. Notes and References to pp. 228-34 463

147. Bull, pp. 118--9, 121 and letter to the author, 4 April 1983; Lall, pp. 108--9, 113-5; letter to the author from Hans Tabor, 23 January 1984. 148. Christman, p. 125; Bull, p. 126; Middle East Record, p. 20; Rafael, p. 155. 149. Peter Young, The Israeli campaign, pp. 80, 125, 129; Middle East Record, pp. 222,227, 246; Mutawi, pp. 108, 126. 150. Ibid., p. 214; Hussein, p. 71; Riad, pp. 23-4,29-30; Heikal, Nasser, pp. 222-3; Heikal, Sphinx and Commissar, pp. 181-2; Mutawi, p. 123; O'Ballance, p. 68. 151. SCOR, 22nd year, 1347th mtg (5 June 1967), paras. 18--9; Rikhye, pp. 106-9. 152. Riad, pp. 25--6; Middle East Record, p. 245; Heikal, Sphinx and Commissar, pp. 181-2; Thant, pp. 257-8; Johnson, p. 299; Draper, p. 110; Dagan, pp. 234--6; conversation with Sir Anthony Nutting, 17 March 1983. 153. Hussein, pp. 82--6, 92; Mutawi, pp. 138--9; Jabber, pp. 64, 534-5. 586,591-2, 607,624-5 (docs. 66-7, 314, 351, 358--60, 380, 393); Whetten, p. 10; Thant, pp. 257-8; Wilson, Labour Government, p. 512; Wilson, Chariot of Israel, p. 349; Conversation with Sir Anthony Nutting, 17 March 1983. 154. Wilson, Chariot of Israel, pp. 348--9; Crossman, pp. 364. 366, 370; Castle, p.262. 155. Wilson, Chariot of Israel, pp. 348--9; Crossman, pp. 364, 366, 370. (doc. 68). 156. Johnson, p. 299. 157. Riad, p. 32; Kollek, p. 194; Mutawi, pp. 134-5; Jabber, pp. 586-7 (docs. 350, 352-4), Israeli aircraft mistakenly bombed one of their own columns near . Hirsh Goodman, The errors of battle', Jerusalem Post International, 2-8 September 1984, p. 10; Hirsh Goodman and Ze'ev Schiff, 'The attack on the Liberty', Jerusalem Post International, 6 October 1984, p. 13. 158. Rikhye, pp. 124, 133, 135, 138--9, 151-2. 159. Eban, p. 411; Rafael, pp. 158--60; 168; Conversation with Shabtai Rosenne, 26 June 1983. 160. Eban, pp. 411,415; Rafael, pp. 158--9; Comay, p. 24. 161. LaB, p. 50; letter to the author from a diplomat who participated in the discussions, 22nd April 1983; Thant, p. 258; SCOR, 22nd year, 1348th mtg (6 June 1967) paras. 4,258--9; S C res. 233 (Sn935), 6 June 1967. 162. Eban, pp. 416-8; SCOR, 22nd year, 1348th mtg (6 June 1967), paras. 155, 179. 163. Ibid., paras. 12, 14--6,32,33 (Sn936), 29, 57, 70, 109,218--23,228,238,240-3; 1350th mtg (7 June 1967), para. 73 (Sn939; Supplement for April-June 1967, pp. 177-8,270, Sn963, Sn997; Mutawi, p. 158; Kass, p. 32. 164. Rabin, p. 89; Peter Young, p. 112; Kollek, p. 195; Rikhye, pp. 147,136,171. 147, 136, 171. 165. Rabin, pp. 83,88, 89; Dayan, p. 368; Mutawi, p. 135; O'Ballance, p. 223. 166. Hussein, pp. 64, 94-5; Riad, pp. 27-30; Jabber, pp. 592-5 (doc. 363, 368); Eban, p. 420; Lall, p. 51. 167. Dagan, pp. 229-30; Jabber, pp. 76-7 (doc. 78). 168. Lall, p. 57; SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, pp. 162-3, sn938; 1349th mtg (7 June 1967), paras. 4-7, 8 (Sn940), 9-10, 38; 1350th mtg (7 June 1967), paras. 6-14. 169. Thant, p. 259; SCOR, 22nd year, 1349th mtg (7 June 1967), para. 13 (Sn946); 1350th mtg (7 June 1967), paras. 13,23-4,38; Supplement for April-June 1967, p. 166, Sn945; S C res. 234 (Sn940), 7 June 1967; Lall, p. 60; Jabber, p. 76 (doc. 77). 170. Mutawi, p. 140. 171. James M. Ennes, Jf. Assault on the Liberty, pp. 3, 7-9, 60, 67, 82-5,116,129, 137, 153-4, 161, 220-1, and Appendices I, and II pp. 248--9, 270-5; Phil G. Goulding, Confirm or Deny, pp. 93--6, 107-113, 129, 135--6; Johnson, pp. 464 Notes and References to pp. 234-9

300-1; Howe, p. 95; Rabin, p. 85; Eban, p. 421; Bar-Zohar, pp. 244-5; O'Ballance, pp. 265-7; Stephen S. Kaplan, Diplomacy of Power, pp. 167,433. 172. Howe, pp. 102-3; Johnson, p. 300; Ennes, pp. 97-100. 198-9, and Appendices E, R, S, and T. pp. 242. 284-8; Goulding, pp. 97-8, 134; Riad, p. 30; Jabber, pp. 624-5 (doc. 393); Eban. p. 421; Bar-Zohar, pp. 245-6; Middle East Record, p.234. 173. Green. pp. 212-42.356-9; Goulding, p. 135; Wilbur Crane Evenland, Ropes of Sand: America's Failure in the Middle East, New York and London, Norton, 1980, p. 325; Ennes. pp. 45-7. 53-4. 211-3, Appendices A and N, pp. 226-33. 270-5; see also The USS Liberty cover-up' by James M. Ennes, Jr., Middle East International. no. 202 (10 June 1983). pp. 13-5; Goulding, pp. 130-2; Hirsh Goodman and Ze'ev Schiff. 'The attack on the Liberty', Jerusalem Post International. 6 October 1984. pp. 13-5. 174. Eban, p. 419. 175. SCOR, 22nd year, 1351st mtg (8 June 1967), paras. 2,15 (S/7952), 31 (S/7953), 45, 168-72 (S/7950, S/7952/Revs., S/7954); Lall, pp. 63-8, 113; Kass, p. 32. 176. SCOR, 22nd Year, 1351st mtg (8 June 1967), paras. 59, 64, 78-9,149; Lall, pp. 69, 71; Thant, p. 260; Green, p. 356; see also Jabber, p. 100 (doc. 92). On British policy, see the statements of Brown and Wilson in the House of Commons, reproduced in Jabber, pp. 84-90,92-96,99-100 (docs. 82, 87, 91). 177. Peri, pp. 80, 137; Eban, pp. 420-2; Rabin, pp. 83, 88, 89; Dayan, pp. 373, 380; Howe, p. 104. 178. SCOR, 22nd year, 1352nd mtg (9 June 1967), paras. 2-4,9, 14, 16-7,22-4, 30--6,133-6,165-7,172,198,237. 179. Ibid., paras. 39,175--6 (S/7958), 186; S C res. 235 (S/7960), 9 June 1967; Thant, p.260. 180. SCOR, 22nd year, 1353rd mtg (9 June 1967), paras. 7-13, 19-22,27,62-3,127, 211 (see also 1351st mtg (8 June 1967), para. 31, S/7953); Jabber, pp. 593, 596 (docs. 365, 371); Rafael, p. 161; Eban, p. 420. 181. Jabber, pp. 596-9 (doc. 372); Middle East Record, pp. 553-6. 182. SCOR, 22nd year, 1352nd mtg (9 June 1967), paras. 40-50, 211, 216, 228-9, 242; 1353rd mtg (9 June 1967), paras. 20 (S/7983), 29-31, 36-8, 46, 71-2, 79-87, 112, 180, 183; Lall, p. 78; Rafael, p. 163; letter to the author from Sir Leslie Glass, 26 July 1983. 183. Rafael, p. 163. 184. SCOR. 22nd year, 1354th mtg (10 June 1967), paras. 5, 9-22, 27; Supplement for April-June 1967, p. 181, S/7967; Lall, pp. 82,84,90; Howe, p. 104. 185. SCOR, 22nd year, 1354th mtg (10 June 1967), paras. 22, 52-4, 75, 110, 114, 118, 136, 141, 146; Thant, p. 262. 186. SCOR, 22nd year, 1355th mtg (10 June 1967), paras, 3, 10, 15--6, 69, 96-7; Thant, p. 263. 187. SCOR, 22nd year, 1355th mtg (10 June 1967), paras. 66, 91,112,138; Dagan, pp. 234--6; Middle East Record, pp. 68,241-2; Draper, p. 110; Jabber, pp. 30, 98-101, 104-5 (docs. 43, 89, 93, 96, 101); Heikal, Sphinx and Commissar, p. 183; Kass, p. 32. 188. Eban, p. 423; Abba Eban, The new diplomacy: International Affairs in the Modern Age, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1983, p. 375. 189. Letter to the author from General Odd Bull, 4 April 1983; Bull, p. 120; Eban, p. 422; Rafael, p. 164; Howe, p. 106; Middle East Record, pp. 230, 240; SCOR, 22nd year, 1355th mtg (10 June 1967), paras. 68,156-7,204. 190. Ibid., paras. 166-7, 185--8, 191-2; Sydney D. Bailey, The Procedure of the UN Notes and References to pp. 239-42 465

Security Council, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1975, p. 131; Kamel S. Abu• Jabber, 'United States Policy toward the June Conflict', in Ibrahim Abu• Lughod, The Arab-Israeli Confrontation of June 1967, p. 160. 191. Rafael,p. 164; letter from Dean Rusk to the author, 24 August 1983; see also Dayan, p. 377; Rabin, p. 92; Bar-Zohar, p. 263; Green, pp. 356-7. 192. Jabber, p. 100 (doc. 93); Kaplan, pp. 167,435; Eban, p. 422; Dayan, p. 378; Howe, pp. 105-7; 116; Johnson, pp. 301-3; Howe, Appendix B, p. 364; Kass, p.29. 193. SCOR, 22nd year, 1356th mtg (10111 June 1967), paras. 3 (SI7970), 17,22-3, 25,32-3,71,74 (SI7971), 76-80, 82-3, 96,128,132,134,136,142,156-7,204; Rafael, p. 165. 194. Middle East Record, pp. 245,558-61; Riad, pp. 33-5,41; Young, pp. 167-8; Be'eri, pp. 125, 128-9. 195. Meir, p. 304; Rabin, pp. 92-3; Johnson, p. 303; Seymour M. Hersh, Kissinger: The Price of Power: in the Nixon White House, London, Faber, 1983, p. 76. 196. James Cameron in the Evening Standard, 28 May 1967, reprinted in The Best of Cameron, London, New English Library paperback, 1983, p. 151; letter from General Odd Bull to the author, 4 April 1983; Khouri, p. 256; Aron, p. 123. 197. Rostow, p. 264 and letter to the author, 11 July 1983; Kass, p. 28; Kaplan, pp. 167,463. 198. Bull, p. 125; Quandt, pp. 60--1; Conversation with Sir Anthony Nutting, 17 March 1983; Nutting, pp. 398-9, 412; Sadat, pp. 173, 199-200, 282; Heikal, Sphinx and Commissar, p. 175; Kass, pp. 33-4; Draper, pp. 80-1; Glassman, p. 53; Letter to the author from Arthur Lall, 19 March 1983; Lall, pp. 30-1; Dagan, p. 218; Brown, p. 135; Shevchenko, p. 135; see also Charles W. Yost, 'The Arab-Israeli War: How it began', Foreign Affairs, vol. 46, no. 2 (January 1968), p. 319; Bar-Zohar, p. 162; Howe, p. 159. 199. Middle East Record, pp. 232-3; Mutawi, p. 164; Edward Luttwak and Dan Horowitz, The Israeli Army, London, Lane, 1975, p. 228; Yael Dayan, A Soldier's Diary, p. 114; Ben-Gurion, pp. 785-6; Eban, p. 422; O'Ballance, p. 167. 200. Thant, pp. 227, 255; Rikhye, pp. 102, 110, 115, 126, 130, 150-5. 201. Middle East Record, pp. 232-3; Report on the Work of the International Committee of the Red Cross for 1967, p. 8; Report on the Work of the International Committee of the Red Cross for 1968, p. 33; Christiane Shields Delessert, Release and repatriation of prisoners of war at the end of hostilities . .. , Zurich, Schultess Polygraphischer, 1977, pp. 118-9, n. 57. 202. G. A. res. 2254 (ES-V), (4 July 1967); SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for July-September 1967, pp. 199-209, 220-1, 29~, S/8124-A/6787, S/8133- A/6789, S/8153-A/6795; GAOR, 5th emergency special session, Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 33-9, A/6792 and Add. 1: GAOR, 22nd session, Annexes, Agenda item 94, pp. 1-9, S/6847 and Adds. 1-5, A/7233; Dayan, p.400. 203. Eban, p. 438; Dayan, pp. 385-6. Kollek later admitted that 'Dayan was proved right.' Kollek, p. 202. 204. Middle East Record, p. 290; Kollek, p. 202; SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for July-September 1967, pp. 195, 257, S/8121-A/6785, para. 155 of S/8146- A/6793. 205. Ibid., pp. 235-6,238-42, 247-9, paras. 14-5,20-1,33,35,39-40,44,46,48-57, 64, 97-8, 109 of S/8146-A/6793; Kollek, pp. 195, 200. 466 Notes and References to pp. 243-9

206. Middle East Record. pp. 280, 290; Jabber, p. 620 (doc. 392); SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement forJuly-September 1967, pp. 250-2,254-5, paras. 111-29, 139-40, 142-3, 145 of S/8146-A/6793. 207. Dayan, pp. 371-2, 388, 402; . 'Policies in the Administered Territories', in Roth, p. 56. 208. Jabber, pp. 381-466,651-2,659-61,665 (docs. 274-5,407,416,419); S/8155, 15 September 1%7 (mimeo.); SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for October• December 1967, pp. 84, 90,107-8.119,122-4.126-7, paras. 14,40,93, 159(c), 181,183,190,200,202 of S/8158-A/6797. 209. SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for July-September 1967, pp. 116, 128-30, paras. 142. 207, 218-9, 221. 210. Ibid., pp. 83, 87-9, 92, 94, 96-7, paras. 9,22,25,28,33,35,50-1,60,73,75. 211. Ibid., pp. 105, 112-3, paras. 86,122. 212. Rafael, pp. 166-7. 213. SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, pp. 143, 145--6, 243-4, para. 6 of S17930/Add. 3, paras. 4--6 of S17930/Add. 4, S17973; 1357th mtg (11 June 1967), para. 2, 12-8,22,35--6,55,64,68,107,119,142,180-4,201,214, 217-21,223-4; S C res. 236, 11 June 1967; Lall, p. 92. 214. SCOR, 22nd year, 1357th mtg (11 June 1967), paras. 124, 128-31, 141-2, 152, 159-63, 165, 196. 215. Bull, pp. 121-4; Comay, pp. 31,41. 216. SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, pp. 147-8, 245--6, 248, paras, 4, 6, 7 of S17930/Add. 5, S17975, S17979; 1360th mtg (14 June 1967), paras. 125-32. 217. Jabber, pp. 104-5, 112 (docs. 101,108); SCOR, 22nd year, 1358th mtg (13 June 1967), paras. 26,45 (SI79511Rev; 1360th mtg (14 June 1967), paras. 192, 199, 202; Eban, p. 426. 218. SCOR, 22nd year, 1360th mtg (14 June 1967), paras. 185 (S17952 (Rev. 3), 206. 208-9, 214; 1361st mtg (14 June 1967), paras. 116-7, 121; GAOR, 5th emergency special session, Annexes, Agenda item 5, p. 2, Al6717; doc. A/6719, 15 June 1967 (mimeo.); Shevchenko, p. 136. See also Jabber, pp. 105-7, 133 (docs. 103, 109). 219. SCOR. 22nd year, 1352nd mtg (9 June 1967), para. 102; 1359th mtg (13 June 1967), para. 37; 1360th mtg (14 June 1967), paras. 25, 85,171; 1361st mtg. (14 June 1967), para. 27. 220. Ibid., 1358th mtg (13 June 1967), para. 301; 1359th mtg (13 June 1967), paras. 9, 16,21, 23-8, 42--6, 55, 57-8; 1360th mtg (14 June 1967), paras. 267-8. 221. Ibid., 1358th mtg (13 June 1967), paras. 119-91; 1361st mtg (14 June 1967), paras. 30-48, 51, 54, 64-70, 77-80. 222. Ibid., paras. 9, 82; S C res. 237 (SI7968/Rev. 3),14 June 1967; Lall. pp. 99,101. 223. Jabber, pp. 107-8 (doc. 104); Crossman, pp. 381-2. 224. Wilson, Chariot of Israel, pp. 56-7,355--6,358; Thant, pp. 261, 266. 225. Middle East Record, p. 276; Jabber, p. 100 (doc. 92); Thant, p. 263; Rafael, pp. 170-2; Eban, p. 428. 226. Middle East Record, pp. 21, 24, 27, 68; Johnson, pp. 481-3; Shevchenko. p. 137; Thant, pp. 272-3. 227. Johnson, pp. 483-4; Jabber, pp. 122-4, 180-1, 189 (docs. 119-21, 199,208); letters to the author from Dean Rusk and Eugene V. Rostow dated 24 August 1983 and 11 July 1983 respectively; Middle East Record, p. 40; Thant, pp. 272-3. 228. GAOR, 5th emergency special session, Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 8-9, A/6730/Add. 2; SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, pp. 151--6, Notes and References to pp. 249-52 467

271-5,299--302, S17930/Adds. 10-17, S/8001-Al6723, S/8021; Supplement for July-September 1967, pp. 22-30, S17930/Adds. 1~23; Thant, p. 276. 229. For Arab complaints, see SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April to June 1967, pp. 257, 26~9, 282-3, 286-7, 295-7, S17988 , S17989 , S17991, S17993 , S/8004-A/6725 , S/8007-Al6726, S/8017-Al6733; Supplement for July-Septem• ber 1967, pp. 57-8,60-1, S/8030-A/6744, S/8032-Al6745, S/8033-A/6747; 1531st plenary mtg (22 June 1967), para. 4; GAOR, 5th emergency special session, 1533rd plenary mtg (23 June 1967), paras. 2-9; 1541st plenary mtg (29 June 1967), paras. 5-7; 1542nd plenary mtg (29 June 1967), paras. 13~2. For Israeli communications, see SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, pp. 280-1, 292-3, 29~9, S/8003, S/8012, S/8013-Al6729, S/8019-Al6734; Supplement for July to September 1967, pp. 61-2, 67-8,102-3, S/8034-Al6748, S/8041-A/6751, S/8069-Al6762; GAOR, 5th emergency special session, 1534th plenary mtg (23 June 1967), paras. 125-32; Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 21-2, S/6732. 230. Rafael, p. 173; Eban, p. 431; Lall, p. 123; GAOR, 5th emergency special session, 1526th plenary mtg (19 June 1967), paras. 66, 69, 32. 231. GAOR, 5th emergency special session, 1533rd plenary mtg (23 June 1967), paras. 129--64 (esp. 156, 164); 1534th plenary mtg (23 June 1967), paras. 53-89; 1535th plenary mtg (26 June 1967), paras. 1~8 (esp. 34,47); 1545th plenary mtg (3 July 1967), paras. 82-91; 1547th plenary mtg (4 July 1967), paras. 1-10; 1548th plenary mtg (4 July 1967), paras. 67-75, 157-8, 169--74, 176; Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 39--40, 43, AIL. 519, AlL.521, A/L.524, AlL.525; Middle East Record, pp. 38, 236, 242; Jabber, pp. 119--20, 12~32, 13~9, 169 (docs. 117,128, 130, 137, 179); Lall, pp. 117,147; Eban, p. 440. 232. Jabber, pp. 611-2 (docs. 383-4); Bull, pp. 125-6, 141; Riad, pp. 42-6, 49, 53; Mutawi, pp. 174-5; Middle East Record, pp. 20, 24-6, 259--60; Rouleau, pp. 145, 160; Glassman, p. 53. 233. Riad, p. 42; Lall, pp. 129,150; Rouleau, pp. 111, 161; GAOR, 5th emergency session, 1526th plenary mtg (19 June 1967), paras. 200-8; 1527th plenary mtg (20 June 1967), paras. 137-77; 1529th plenary mtg (21 June 1967), paras. 38-67; 1530th plenary mtg (21 June 1967), paras. 37-100; 1536th plenary mtg (26 June 1967), paras. 1-28, 14~209; 1538th plenary mtg (27 June 1967), paras. 149--76; 1541st plenary mtg (29 June 1967), paras. 21-51; 1549th plenary mtg (5 July 1967), paras. 100-22, 214-225. 234. GAOR, 5th emergency special session, 1530th plenary mtg (21 June 1967), paras. 152, 155, 157, 172-3; 1548th plenary mtg (4 July 1967), para. 167; Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 40-2, AIL.522 and Revs; Middle East Record, p. 80. For Yugoslav policy, see Jabber, pp. 126-8 (doc. 127). 235. Lall, pp. 155-6, 159-60, 163-4, 166; GAOR, 5th emergency special session, Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 42-3, AlL.523 and Adds. and Rev. 1; 1548th plenary mtg (4 July 1967), paras. 58, 177; Thant. p. 272; Riad, p. 47. 236. Lall, pp. 172-6, 183-4; Eban, p. 440. 237. Wilson, Chariots of Fire, pp. 357-9, 361; Crossman, p. 392; Jabber, pp. 11~9, 138, 141 (docs. 116, 135-6, 139). 238. GAOR, 5th emergency special session, 1529th plenary mtg (21 June 1967), paras. 13, 15-6, 2~30; Eban. pp. 436-8. 239. Crossman, pp. 392-3, 554; battle, p. 27. See also Jabber, pp. 132-7 (docs. 131-3). 240. GAOR, 5th emergency special session, 1531st plenary mtg (22 June 1967), para. 99; Lall, pp. 142-3. For other statements on French policy, see Jabber, pp. 109--12, 114-5 (docs. 106,107,111). 468 Notes and References to pp. 252-7

241. GAOR, 5th emergency special session, 1529th plenary mtg (21 June 1967), para. 135; 1533rd plenary mtg (23 June 1967), paras. 96, 118-20; 1539th plenary mtg (28 June 1967), paras. 48-54. 242. Jabber, pp. 116-8 (doc. 114), also p. 137 (doc. 134). SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April to June 1967, pp. 256-7, S/7987-A/6718; GAOR, 5th emergency special session, 1527th plenary mtg (20 June 1967), paras. 17-21; Rostow, p. 265; Eban, p. 430; Thant, pp. 267-8. 243. Conversation with a diplomat who was in New York, 26 June 1983; GAOR, 5th emergency special session, 1525th plenary mtg (17 June 1967), paras. 3,26-31; 1527th plenary mtg (20 June 1967), paras. 12-46; 1548th plenary mtg (4 July 1967), para. 175; Annexes, Agenda item 5, p. 39, A/L.520; Select Chronology and Background Documents relating to the Middle East, US Government Printing Office, May 1969, pp. 241-3. 244. Rafael, pp. 176-8; Rafael, Twenty Years in Retrospect: 1967-87', in Roth, pp. 3-4; Eban, p. 438; Jabber, pp. 115-6 (doc. 113). 245. Jabber, pp. 120--1, 125, 142, 614-5 (docs. 118, 123-4, 140, 387); Middle East Record, pp. 45, 295-6. 246. Ibid., pp. 429,432; GAOR, 5th emergency special session, 1526th plenary mtg (19 June 1967), paras. 157-63, 165-81; 1536th plenary mtg (26 June 1967), paras. 96, 107-41, 143-4; 1541st plenary mtg (29 June 1967), paras. 100--8; SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for July-September 1967, pp. 73-7, S/8052-A/6753. 247. Lall, p. 140; Bull, pp. 125-6 and letter to the author, 4 April 1983; Thant, p. 269; GAOR, 5th emergency special session, 1527th plenary mtg (20 June 1967), paras. 1-11. 248. Letters to the author from Arthur J. Goldberg, William B. Buffum, and Brian Urquhart dated 10 January 1984, 16 September 1983, and 31 August 1983 respectively; letter from a US diplomat, 18 August 1983; letters from British diplomats, 12 July 1983, 28 July 1983, and 8 September 1983; reports released under the US Freedom of Information Act. 249. International Legal Materials: Current Documents, May-June 1967, pp. 595-602; Dag Hammarskjold, Markings, translated by W. H. Auden and Leif Sjoberg, London, Faber, p. 121. 250. UN Information Centre, London, PRl67/23, 20 June 1967; Thant, p. 271. 251. GAOR, 5th emergency special session, 1536th plenary mtg (26 June 1967), paras. 29-37; 1548th plenary mtg (4 July 1967), paras. 178,181; 1549th plenary mtg (5 July 1967), paras. 2-19; 22nd session, Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 43-4, A/L.527; G A res. 2252 (ESS-V), 4 July 1967; G A res. 2253 (ESS-V), 4 July 1967; Thant, p. 274. 252. Eban, p. 429; Rafael, p. 176. 253. Middle East Record, p. 297; Thant, p. 277; SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for July-September 1967, pp. 69-71, S/8043, S/8044; 1365th mtg (8 July 1967), paras. 2, 5-8, 14-18, 27-31, 33-9, 46-9. 254. Ibid., paras. 62-6, 86, 89-103; 1366th mtg (9/10 July 1967), paras. 4-18, 21, 23, 26-9, 60, 67-8; Lall, p. 201. 255. SCOR, 22nd year, 1365th mtg (8 July 1967), paras. 58-60; 1366th mtg (9/10 July 1967), paras. 32, 40, 42-3, 45-6, 29-50, 73-4, 122, 125-7; S/8046, 9 July 1967 (mimeo.); Lall, p. 203. 256. SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for July-September 1967, pp. 81-6, paras. 12-22 of and Annexes to S/8053/Add. 1, and S/8053/Add. 2; Bull, pp. 132-6; Comay, p. 41. 257. Bull, pp. 134-5,138; Middle East Record, pp. 298-9; SCOR, 22nd year, 1366th Notes and References to pp. 25~2 469

mtg (9 July 1967), paras. 125-7; Supplement for July-September 1967, pp. 77-83, S/8053 and Add. 1; Thant, p. 280. 258. Bull, pp. 139-40, and letter to the author, 4 April 1983; SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for July-September 1967, pp. 35-41, 226-7, 229-32, SI7930/Adds. 31-5, S/8140, S/8145; Middle East Record, pp. 298, 300. 259. Lall, p. 204; Eban, p. 442; Middle East Record, pp. 19, 59; Rafael, pp. 184-5; Crossman, p. 414; Brecher, p. 323; Riad, p. 49. 260. GAOR, 5th emergency special session, Annexes, Agenda item 5, p. 44, NL. 528 and Rev. 1; 1554th plenary mtg (14 July 1967), para. 86; G A res. 2254 (ES-V), 14 July 1967: Lall, pp. 206-7. 261. GAOR, 5th emergency special session, 1555th plenary mtg (17 July 1967), paras. 10-45; 1558th plenary mtg (21 July 1967), paras. 16-46, 76-7, 252-64; Supplement for July to September 1967, pp. 63-4, 66-7, S/8037-N6749, S/804O-A/6750; Jabber, pp. 150-2 (docs. 146-7). 262. GAOR, 5th emergency special session, 1550th plenary mtg (12 July 1967), paras. 86-97, 101, 103-9, 112; 1554th plenary mtg (14 July 1967), paras. 61-6, 74-6; 1558th plenary mtg (21 July 1967), paras. 229, 239; see also 1538th plenary mtg (27 June 1967), paras. 90-116. 263. Ibid., 1553rd mtg (14 July 1967), para. 8. 264. Ibid., 1554th plenary mtg (14 July 1967), para. 10; 1555th plenary mtg (17 July 1967), para. 1-6; 1556th plenary mtg (17 July 1967), para. 60; G A res. 2255 (ES-V), 17 July 1967. 265. Rafael, pp. 178-81; Eban, pp. 442-3; Thant, p. 281; Lall, pp. 208-13 and Appendix 25, p. 312; Riad, pp. 38-9; Middle East Record, p. 83. 266. Ibid., p. 83; Lall, p. 212; Rafael, pp. 181-2; Eban, p. 444; Hall, p. 312. 267. Bernard Reich, Quest for Peace: United States-Israel Relations and the Arab• Israeli Conflict, New Brunswick, N. J., Transaction Books, 1977 p. 127, n. 18; Riad, p. 39. 268. Rafael, pp. 180-1, 183, 185; Eban, pp. 443-4; Sheuchenko, p. 138. 269. Thant, pp. 276,281, 285. 270. GAOR, 5th emergency special session, Annexes, Agenda item 5, p. 44, NL. 529; 1558th plenary mtg (21 July 1967), para. 179; G A res. 2256 (ES-V), 21 July 1967. 271. Thant, p. 271; Lord Caradon and others, UN Security Council resolution 242: a case study in diplomatic ambiguity, pp. 3-4; Letter from Eugene Rostow to the author, 11 July 1983. 272. Thant, p. 271; Caradon, pp. 3-4; G A res. 2252 (ES-V), 4 July 1967; 2253 (ES-V), 4 July 1967; 2254 (ES-V), 14 July 1967; 2255 (ES-V), 17 July 1967; 2256 (ES-V), 21 July 1967; 2257 (ES-V), 18 Sept. 1967. 273. Jabber, pp. 156-7 (docs. 155, 157). 274. Ibid., pp. 621-34, 665-75 (docs. 393, 420); see also pp. 662-4 (doc. 417). 275. Ibid., p. 161 (doc. 165). 276. Jabber,pp.593-4,601-6,612-3,617,650,686-7(docs.336-7,374-5,377,379, 385, 390, 405, 428); Middle East Record, pp. 136-7, 139,259,264,318; Riad, pp. 51, 55-6; Rouleau, p. 43. 277. Jabber, pp. 602, 614-5, 642, 644, 646-57 (docs. 376,386,397,399,402,404, 406, 408-9, 415-6); Mutawi, p. 174; Middle East Record, pp. 138, 259-62, 264-6, 404; Riad, p. 54. 278. Kamel S. Abu-Jaber, "United States Policy toward the June Conflict", in Abu-Lughod, p. 164; Riad, p. 57; Hussein A. Hassouna, The League of Arab States and Regional Disputes: A Study of Middle East Conflicts, New York, Oceana: Leiden, Sijthoff, 1975 (litho.), p. 256. 470 Notes and References to pp. 262-7

279. GAOR, 22nd session, Annexes, Agenda item 21, pp. 2-5, 9--12,15, paras. 2, 9, 16,22,24,29,67-80, 85, 117-21. 280. Ibid., Supplement no. lA, AJ6701lAdd. 1, p. 7, para. 49. 281. SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for July-September 1967, pp. 71-2, 85-104, lOfr9, 112-4, 117-8, 121-8, 133-5, 141-56, 160-2, 19fr8, 210,212-3, 221-2, 225-7, 229--32, 287, S/8049, S/8054, S/805frAJ6757, S/8057, S/8058-A/6758, S/8059, S/8060-2, S/8064-AJ6759, S/8065-AJ6760, S/8067, S/8068-A/6761, S/8070, S/8073-AJ6763, S/8074, S/8075-AJ6765, S/8077-AJ6767, S/8078-9, S/8082-AJ6768, S/808frAJ6769, S/8087-AJ6770, S/8092-A/6773, S/8093-A/ 6774, S/8101-AJ6777, S/8104-AJ6778, S/8105-AJ6779, S/8107-AJ6780, S/8109-• A/6782, S/8110, S/8115-AJ6783, S/8117-AJ6784, S/8118-AJ6781 , S/8123- AJ6786, S/8125-AJ6788, S/8127, S/8134-AJ679O, S/8137, S/8138-AJ6791, S/8140, S/8145, S/8147-AJ6794. 282. SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for July-September 1967, pp. 40-6 30fr7, 311--6, SI7930/Adds. 35, 37, 40, S/8163, AJ8169, S/8171-AJ6844; Supplement for October-December 1967, pp. 63--6, 159--62, 164-5, 168-72, 179--80, 186-8, SI7930/Adds. 42-3, S/8178-A/6849, S/8181-AJ6856, S/8183, S/8187-A/6857, S/8188, S/8192-AJ6859, S/8194, S/8195-AJ6863, S/8198, S/8202-AJ6871; GAOR, 22nd session, Annexes, Agenda item 34, AJ6846. 283. Middle East Record, pp. 31-2, 259; Hussein, p. 115; Jabber, pp. 168-9 (doc. 178). 284. Middle East Record, pp. 62, 146,404; Riad, p. 58; Hussein, p. 118; Mutawi, pp. 174-5, 177; Jabber, pp. 687-8 (doc. 429). 285. Middle East Record, pp. 25, 86. 286. GAOR, 22nd session, 1573rd plenary mtg (29 September 1967), paras. 87,90; 1580th plenary mtg (5 October 1967), para. 36; 1565th plenary mtg (25 September 1967), para. 65; Lall, p. 227. 287. GAOR, 22nd session, 1563rd plenary mtg (22 September 1967), para. 106; 1573rd plenary mtg (29 September 1967), paras. 39, 48; 1575th plenary mtg. (2 October 1967), para. 92; Lall, pp. 22fr7. 288. GAOR, 22nd session, 1566th plenary mtg (25 September 1967), paras. 127-8, 144,147,155; Jabber, pp. 153,171,179--80 (docs. 150, 185,197); Middle East Record, p. 288; Eban, p. 446; George Ball, The Past Has Another Pattern, Memoirs, New York and London, Norton: Toronto, MacLeod, 1982, p. 439; Riad, pp. 8~1. 289. GAOR, 22nd session, 1572nd plenary mtg (28 September 1967), paras. 62-3; 1573rd plenary mtg (29 September 1967), para. 8. 290. GAOR, 22nd session, 1567th plenary mtg (26 September 1967), paras. 90, 97; Crossman, pp. 513, 537; Castle, p. 316; Jabber, pp. 181-3, 189--92 (docs. 200, 209); Middle East Record, p. 61. 291. Middle East Record, pp. 301-2; SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for October• December 1967, pp. 164, 70, 188-90, SI7930/Adds. 43, 49, S/8203, S/8204, S/8205; Bull, p. 146. 292. Jabber, p. 713 (doc. 444); SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for October-Decem• ber 1967, pp. 64-9, 191-3, SI7930/Adds. 44-8, S/8207, S/8208; 1369th mtg (24 October 1967), paras. 6-8; Thant p. 286; Bull, p. 146. 293. SCOR, 22nd year, 1371st mtg (25 Ooctober 1967), paras. frlO, 42; Supplement for October-December 1967, pp. 7fr9, 210, S/8053/Add. 3, S/8236. 294. Ibid., 1369th mtg (24 October 1967), paras. 25, 33, 64-5, 85, 129--30; 1371st mtg (25 October 1967), para. 56; Supplement for October-December 1967, pp. 193-4, S/8212, S/8213; S C res. 240,25 October 1967. 295. Jabber, p. 181 (doc. 2(0); SCOR, 22nd year, 1369th mtg (24 October 1967), Notes and References to pp. 267-70 471

paras. 40, 43, 52, 82, 96, 123, 135, 140; 1370th mtg (25 October 1967), para. 12; 1371st mtg (25 October 1967), paras. 45,66-7,69. 296. SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for October-December 1967, pp. 70-3, 205-{i, 239-41, 243-4, SI7930/Adds. 50-55, S/8222, S/8254, S/8258; 1371st mtg (25 October 1967), paras. 8-9; 1381st mtg (20 November 1967), paras. 3 52; Jabber, pp. 694-5 (docs. 435-{i, 440); letter to the author, 7 June 1983. 297. Rafael, p. 186; Riad, p. 70; Thant, pp. 284-5. 298. Jabber, pp. 185-6 (doc. 204); Eban, pp. 449-50; Crossman, p. 554. 299. Riad, pp. 60,62, 64, 65; Middle East Record, pp. 50, 54, 63, 70, 1267-8,404; Jabber, pp. 693-4 (doc. 434). 300. Middle East Record, p. 87; letters to the author from George Ignatiefff and Hans Tabor, 17 May 1983 and 23 January 1984 respectively; SCOR, 22nd year, 1370th mtg (25 October 1967) paras. 5, 12; 1373rd mtg (9-10 November 1967), paras. 90, 165, 200, 228-9, 235, 246; 1375th mtg (13 November 1967), paras. 50, 58, 132; 1377th mtg (15 November 1967), paras. 53-4 1379th mtg (16 November 1967), paras. 6-7; 1382nd mtg (22 November 1967), paras. 123, 167; GAOR, 22nd session, Supplement lA, A/6701lAdd. 1, para. 49; Thant, pp. 288-90; Lall, p. 227, 230, 234-5, 237, 249; Caradon, pp. 4, 7-8, 26; Rafael, p. 188; Middle East Record, p. 87; Riad, p. 67. 301. Middle East Record, p. 268. 302. Ibid., p. 88. 303. SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for October-December 1967, p. 208, S/8226; 1373rd mtg (9-10 November 1967), paras. 4-46, 158-82; 1377th mtg (15 November 1967), paras. 33-41. 304. For Arab policy, see Jabber, p. 167,676-7,688-93,696-9, (docs. 175,422, 430-1, 433, 438-9, 441); for Eshkol's speeches in the in Ibid., pp. 183-5, 188 (docs. 202, 207). 305. SCOR, 22nd year, 1373rd mtg (9-10 November 1967), paras. 91,105,113,200; 1379th mtg (16 November 1967), para. 45; 1382nd mtg (22 November 1982), para. 70; S/8227, 7 November 1967 (mimeo.). 306. GAOR, 5th emergency special session, Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 42-3, AIL. 523/Rev. 1; S/8235, 9 November 1967 (mimeo.); SCOR, 22nd year, 1373rd mtg (9-10 November 1967), para. 89; 1382nd mtg (22 November 1967), para. 160. 307. Ibid., Supplement for October-December 1967, pp. 208-9, S/8229; 1381st mtg (20 November 1967), para. 44; GAOR, 5th emergency special session, An• nexes, Agenda item 5, p. 39, A/1.520; Lall, p. 237; Rafael, p. 187. On US policy see also Green, pp. 360-2 and Jabber, p. 170 (doc. 182). 308. S/8247, 16 November 1967 (mimeo.); SCOR, 22nd year, 1377th mtg (15 Novem• ber 1967), para. 59; 1381st mtg (20 November 1967), paras. 22,30,40; 1382nd mtg (22 November 1967), para. 61; Brown, p. 14; Caradon, pp. 26-7,49; letter from George Ignatieff to the author, 17 May 1983. The US delegation has claimed that it was mainly responsible for the wording of the British draft and for the leg-work of commending it in national capitals; letter from Arthur J. Goldberg to the author, 14 March 1983; letter from Arthur Lall to the author, 19 March 1983; Arthur J. Goldberg, The Importance of Private Negotiations' , in Paths to Peace: the UN Security Council and its Presidency, edited by Davidson Nicol, Oxford and New York, Pergamon, 1981, p. 118; Arthur J. Goldberg, 'Hussein's misreading of History', lerusalem Post International, 3-10 June 1984, p. 1l. 309. S/8253, 20 November 1967 (mimeo.); letter to the author from Dean Rusk, 24 August 1983; Caradon, p. 51; Lall, p. 255, Kass, p. 57. 472 Notes and References to pp. 271-8

310. Eban, p. 451. 311. Articles 36(1) and 37(2). 312. SCOR, 22nd year, 1373rd mtg (9-10 November 1967), paras. 95 (India), 107 (Nigeria), 266 (Argentina) 1375th mtg (13 November 1967), para. 135 (India); 1377th mtg (15 November 1967), paras. 54 (USA), 84, 86 (Canada); 1379th mtg (16 November 1967), para. 18 (Britain); 1381st mtg (20 November 1967), para. 8 (Soviet Union; 1382nd mtg. (22 November 1967), para. 48 (India); Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council Supplement 1966--8, pp. 183-4; see also Shabtai Rosenne, 'Directions for a Middle East Settlement - Some Underlying Legal Problems', Law and Contemporary Problems, vol. 33 (1968). p. 57; Eugene V. Rostow, 'Legal Aspects of the Search for Peace in the Middle East', American Journal of International Law, vol. 64, no. 4 (Proceedings of the Annual Meeting, 1970), p. 68. 313. Rafael, p. 190; Riad, p. 74; letter to the author, 14 December 1983; Caradon, p. 13; SCOR, 22nd year, 1377th mtg (15 November 1967), para. 8; 1382nd mtg (22 November 1967), paras. 7, 12, 24, 197; Jabber, pp. 715-7, 721-3, 727-9, 731-5 (docs. 445-6,451,454,458-9); letter to the author from General Odd Bull, 4 April 1983. 314. SCOR, 22nd year, 1382nd mtg (22 November 1967), para. 111; Shabtai Rosenne, 'On multilingual interpretation', Israel Law Review, vol. 6, no. 3 (1971), pp. 360---3. The draft resolution in Spanish is in UN doc S/8247* , 18 November 1967 (mimeo). 315. Rostow, pp. 269-70; Rafael, p. 189; Eban, pp. 451-2; Ovadia Soffer, The UN as Peacemaker, Irchester, Northants, Mark Saunders, 1984, pp. 79-80; Cara• don, p. 49; conversation with Shabtai Rosenne, 11 March 1984. 316. Riad, pp. 66-71, 85; Lall, p. 261; Mukammad El-Farra, Years of the Decision, pp. 115-6; memorandum from a retired diplomat, 10 February 1984; Caradon, pp. 10, 13; Quandt, p. 65, f.n. 54. 317. LaB, pp. 260-1; SCOR, 22nd year, 1381st mtg (20 November 1967), para. 40; 1382nd mtg (22 November 1967), paras. 60---1. 318. Ibid., paras. 5-3, 76, 93-4, 118-9, 141, 186, 189; Caradon, p. 22. 319. Ibid., Caradon, pp. 9,13-4, and letter of3 November 1982 and conversation on 2 December 1982; letter from Sir Leslie Glass, 26 July 1983; letter from General Odd Bull, 4 April 1983. 320. SCOR, 22nd year, 1379th mtg (16 November 1967), para. 14; 1381st mtg (20 November 1967), para. 31; letter to the author from Lord Caradon, 3 November 1982; letter to the author from Goerge Ignatieff, 17 May 1983; Cyrus Vance, Hard Choices; critical years in America's foreign policy, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1983, p. 160; letter to the author, 14 December 1983; Brown, p. 233. 321. Caradon, pp. 5-6; letter to the author from Sir Leslie Glass, 26 July 1983; SCOR, 22nd year, 1373rd mtg (9-10 November 1967), para. 145. 322. Caradon, p. 6; SCOR, 22nd year, 1373rd mtg (9-10 November 1967), paras. 150-6, 268; 1375th mtg (13 November 1967), paras. 63, 109; 1377th mtg (15 November 1967), para. 101; 1382nd mtg (22 November 1967), paras. 54, 64,108-9. 323. Caradon, pp. 3, 6; SCOR, 23rd year, 1433rd mtg (19 June 1968), para. 123; Riad, p. 72. 324. SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for October-December 1967, pp. 244-5, S/8259; Thant, pp. 285, 287-8; Caradon, pp. 10---1. 325. Lall, pp. 273, 279; Caradon, pp. 27-8. Notes and References to pp. 285-9 473

4 1973

1. Fuad A. Jabber (ed.), International Documents on Palestine 1967, Beirut, Institute for Palestine Studies, 1970, pp. 716-7; SCOR, 28th year, Supplement for October-December 1973, p. 84, S/ll040. 2. Henry Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 539. 3. SCOR, 28th year, Supplement for July-September 1973, pp. 20-1, S/10974. 4. Ibid., 31st year, Supplement for January-March 1976, p. 19, S/11940; 37th year, Supplement for July-September 1982, pp. 25-6, S/15317. 5. Ismail Fahmy, Negotiating for Peace in the Middle East, p. 11. 6. Letter to the author, 4 April 1983; Lord Caradon and others, UN Security Council Resolution 242: a case study in diplomatic ambiguity, Washington, D.C., Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, 1981, p. 10. 7. See my Procedure of the UN Security Council, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1975, p. 105; 2nd ed., 1988, p. 106. 8. Gideon Rafael, Destination Peace: Three decades of Israeli foreign policy, pp. 193,195, 199; Mordechai Gazit, 'Mediation and Mediators', Jerusalem Journal of International Relations, vol. 5, no. 4 (1981), pp. 97-100. 9. SCOR, 26th year, Supplement for January-March 1971, pp. 19-22, S/l0070, paras. 4--25; Abba Eban, An Autobiography, pp. 455-6; Rafael, pp. 194--7; Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, pp. 106-7; Mahmoud Riad, The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East, pp. 78-9. 10. Henry Kissinger, White House Years, pp. 349, 354, 358; Barry Rubin, 'Soviet policy in the Middle East', in Middle East Crucible, ed. by Naseer H. Aruri, p. 294; I1ana Kass, Soviet involvement in the Middle East, Boulder, Col., Westview: Folkestone, Dawson, 1978, pp. 71-3. 11. Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, pp. 350, 353-4; Charles Yost, The Conduct and Misconduct of Foreign Affairs, New York, Random House, 1972, p. 129; U [Maung] Thant, View from the UN, pp. 312-3, 328-9: EI-Farra, Years of No Decision, London and New York, KPI, 1987, pp. 124--5; Lawrence L. Whetten, The Canal War, p. 71; SCOR, 24th year, Supplement for October• December 1969, p. 95, S/9485; 26th year, Supplement for January-March 1971, p. 22, S/l0070, para. 32; 28th year, Supplement for April-June 1973, p. 47, S/10929, para. 63; Eban, pp. 462-3. 12. Search for Peace in the Middle East: Documents and Statements (1969-1979) (hereafter cited as Search for Peace . .. ), p. 140; Kissinger, White House Years, p.350. 13. SCOR, 26th year, Supplement for January-March 1971, pp. 21-7, S/10070, paras. 20, 27-9 and Annex I; Thant, p. 299; Riad, p. 98; Rabin, pp. 107, 109. 14. Kissinger, White House Years, pp. 353, 359; Eban, p. 464; Thant, p. 329. 15. Search for Peace . .. , pp. 299-300; SCOR, 25th year, Supplement for January• March 1970, pp. 97-100, S/9588; Kissinger, White House Years, pp. 357,374--5; Whetten, The Canal War, pp. 75-6, 86-8; Thant, p. 329. 16. Anwar EI-Sadat, In search of identity, pp. 198-201; Riad, p. 111; Mohamed Heikal, The road to Ramadan, pp. 90-1. 17. Rafael, pp. 210-1; Rabin, pp. 124--5; Kissinger, White House Years, p. 377. 18. Moshe Dayan, Story of my life, p. 449; Ezer Weizman, On eagle's wings, New York, Macmillan, 1977, pp. 274, 283; Rafael, pp. 222-3; Rabin, pp. 131-5; Eban, p. 465; Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, The Israeli-Egyptian , 1969-1970; Mordechai Gazit, The Peace Process, pp. 29-33; Sadat, pp. 196-7; Saad EI-Shazly, The crossing of Suez: the October war, 1973, p. 15; Heikal, p. 90; Kissinger, White House Years, p. 574; William B. Quandt, 'Soviet Policy 474 Notes and References to pp. 289-92

in the Middle East War', International Affairs, vol. 53, no. 3 (July 1977), p. 378; Trevor N. Dupuy, Elusive victory, pp. 361-7; Edgar O'Baliance, The Electronic War in the Middle East 1968-1974, London, Faber, 1974; Lawrence L. Whetten, The Arab-Israeli Dispute, p. 16; Whetten, The Canal War, pp. 126, 130, 13>.-5; Robert O. Freedman, Soviet Policy toward the Middle East since 1970, pp. 26-7; John D. Glassman, Arms for the Arabs, pp. 78-9. 19. Kissinger, White House Years, pp. 5~1; Rabin, p. 130. 20. SCOR, 24th year, Supplement for January-March 1969, pp. 124,142-3, S/9083, S/9085 , S/9113 , S/9114; Supplement for July-September 1969, pp. 152, 156; 1466th to 1473rd, 1498th to 1502nd and 1504th meetings (27 March to 1 April and 13 to 26 August 1969); 25th year, Supplement for April-June 1970, pp. 180--2, S/979O, S/9794, Sl9795, S/9801; 1537th to 1542nd meetings (12 to 19 May 1970); SC res. 265 (S/9120/Rev. 1) and 270 (S/941O), 1 April and 26 August 1969; 279 (S/9800) and 280 (S/9807), 12 and 19 May 1970. 21. SCOR, 24th year, Supplement for April-June 1969, pp. 342, 345-7, S/9277, S/9284, S/9289; Supplement for July-September 1969, pp. 162-3, 166, S/9408, S/9421 and Adds.; 1482nd to 1485th and 1507th to 1512th meetings (30 June to 3 July and 9 to 15 September 1969); SC res. 267 (S/9311, as amended) and 271 (S/9445, as amended), 3 July and 15 September 1969; Teddy Kollek, For Jerusalem, New York, Random House, 1978, pp. 212-3. 22. Search for Peace . .. , pp. 144-5; Kissinger, White House Years, pp. 576-86; Elmo R. Zumwalt. Jr., On Watch: a memoir, p. 292; Glassman, p. 81; Thant, pp. 334-40; Golda Meir, My life, pp. 322-3; Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 451-2; Eban, pp. 467-9; Rabin, pp. 13>-45; Rafael, pp. 226-31; Bar-Siman-Tov, pp. 176-81; Mordechai Gazit, 'Mediation and Mediators', pp. 100--1; Gazit, The Peace Process, 1969-1973, pp. 46-53; Saadia Touval, The Peace Brokers, pp. 166-75. Sadat, p. 277; Riad, pp. 130--3, 157, 172-3; Shazly, p. 17; Heikal, pp. 92-3,96. The text of the US plan is printed in Survival, vol. XII no. 10 (October 1970), pp. 336-7; UN Secretary-General Thant's attempt to reactivate the Jarring mission is to be found in SCOR, 25th year, Supplement for July-Septem• ber 1970, pp. 125-6, S/9902. 23. Kissinger, White House Years, pp. 586-92; , Memoirs, p. 482; Whetten, The Arab-Israeli dispute, p. 20; Thant, pp. 340--1; Ezer Weizman, On eagle's wings, New York, Macmillan, 1977, pp. 275,282; Eban, p. 469; Rafael, pp. 230--1; Rabin, pp. 14>.-5; Riad p. 172; Heikal, p. 96. For the Security Council debate on Palestinian attacks and Israeli retaliation, see SCOR, 25th year, Supplement for July-September 1970, pp. 140--1, S/9924 , S/9925; 1551st meeting (5 September 1970); SC res. 285 (S/9928), 5 September 1970. 24. Kissinger, White House Years, p. 601; William B. Quandt, Decade of decisions, p. 110--9; Freedman, pp. 32-3; Thant, pp. 341-3. 25. Kissinger, White House Years, pp. 609-31; Nixon, pp. 48>'-5; Quandt, Decade of decisions, pp. 111-9; Marion and Bernard Kalb, Kissinger, pp. 196-208; Freed• man, p 33; Thant, pp. 344-6; Heikal, p. 98; Rabin, pp. 146-7; Rafael, pp. 231, 244-7. 26. Sadat, pp. 199-203, 276; Heikal, pp. 98-105. 27. G A res. 2628(XXV), 4 November 1970; Thant, pp. 345-6; Sadat, p. 277. 28. Ibid., pp. 219, 277-80; Rafael, p. 252; Heikal, p. 116; Riad, p. 185, 188-9; SCOR, 26th year, Supplement for January-March 1971, pp. 23, 27-8, 44-5, 48, SI10070, Annex II, paras. 35-8, SI10070/Add. 1, S/I0083, S/I0089. 29. Letter from , 14 February 1989; SCOR, 26th year, Supplement for January-March 1971, pp. 29, 55-6, SI10070/Add. 2, paras. 7-8, S110098; , 22 February 1971, pp. 12-3, and 13 December 1971, pp. 15-7; Search Notes and References to pp. 292-5 475

for Peace . .. , pp. 221-2; Thant, pp. 346-7; Kissinger, White House Years, pp. 1277-9; Sadat, pp. 219,280; Riad, pp. 185, 188-9; Eban, p. 473; Dayan, Story of my life, p. 453; Rafael, pp. 265--6; Rabin, pp. 150-3; Gazit, The Peace Process, pp. 57-77, 125--6. 30. Sadat, p. 219; Riad, p. 183; Kissinger, White House Years, pp. 1280-2; Quandt, Decade of decisions, 135; Dayan, Story of my life, p. 452; Rafael, pp. 258-9; Eban, p. 472; Gazit, The Peace Process, pp. 78-102; Touval, pp. 177-94. 31. Eban, pp. 474--5; Rafael, pp. 264--ti; Rabin, pp. 153-5. 32. Sadat, pp. 222-3; Heikal, pp. 120-39. 33. Sadat, pp. 283-4; Kissinger, White House Years, p. 1284. The text of the treaty is in Survival, vol. XIII, no. 10 (October 1971), pp. 350-1. 34. Kissinger, White House Years, pp. 1282-3; Sadat, p. 222, 227, 281-2; Riad, pp. 197-201; Heikal, pp. 132-3; Eban, pp. 474-6 Rafael, pp. 266-8; Rabin, p. 157. 35. Kissinger, White House Years, pp. 1283-4; Rafael, pp. 267-8; Gazit, 'Mediation and Mediators', pp. 88-9; Gazit, The Peace Process, pp. 12,100-1. 36. SCOR, 26th year, Supplement for July-September 1971, p. 63, S/10313; 1579th to 1582nd meetings (16-25 September 1971); SC res. 298 (S/10337, S/10338/Rev. 1), 25 September 1971. 37. Eban, pp. 476-8; Y ouval, pp. 205-24; Riad, pp. 220-1; GA res. 2799(XXVI), 13 December 1971; SCOR, 26th year, Supplement for October-December 1971, pp. 102-4, S/I0438-Al8566, SIl0443-Al8576; 28th year, Supplement for April• June 1973, p. 50, S/10929, paras. 95--6. 38. Heikal, pp. 155-7; Rafael, p. 271. 39. SCOR, 27th year, Supplement for January-March 1973, p. 8-11, 51, 53, 57, S1l0502, S/10505, S1l0507, S/10508, S/105091 S1l0543, S/10546, S/10550; 1643rd and 1644th meetings (26-27 February 1972); SC res. 313(S/10552, as amended), 27 February 1972. 40. Text of 'The Historic Speech by H. M. King Hussein' issued by the government of Jordan, 15 March 1972; Meir's speech issued by the Israeli press office, 16 March 1972; Cairo Press Review, no. 5929, 19 March 1972; Whetten, The Canal War, pp. 219-20. 41. Kissinger, White House Years, p. 1293; Heikal, p. 199. 42. Kissinger, White House Years, pp. 1294 and 1494, note 4; Quandt, Decade of decisions, p. 150; Freedman, p. 113; Rafael, pp. 274-5; Rabin, p. 167; Galia Golan Yom and After: the Soviet Union and the Middle East Crisis, 1977, pp. 23, 52; Riad, p. 229. 43. Sadat, pp. 229-30; Riad, pp. 229-31; Fahmy, pp. 8-9; Shazly, p. 70; Aruri, pp. 295--6; Heikal, pp. 169-75; Eban, p. 479; Galia Golan, pp. 23-4, 34, 41, 47; Kissinger, White House Years, pp. 1294--8; Lester A. Sobel, Israel and the Arabs, p. 64; Robert O. Freedman The Soviet Conception', in The Limits of Soviet Power, ed. by Yaacov Ro'i, p. 300; Foy Kohler and others, The Soviet Union and the Middle East War, pp. 32, 34, 40-3. For excerpts from Sadat's speech to the Arab Socialist Union, 18 July 1972, see Survival, vol. XIVV no. 5 (September-), pp. 231-5. 44. SCOR, 27th year, Supplement for April-June 1972, pp. 128, 137, SI 10706 , S/10715, S/10716; Supplement for July-September 1972, pp. 57, 72, S/10730, S/10731, S/10739; 1648th to 1653rd meetings (23-26 June and 18-21 July 1972); SC res. 316 (S/10722) and 317 (S/10742) , 26 June and 21 July 1972; see also Edgar O'Ballance, Arab Guerilla Power 1967-1972, London, Faber, 1974. 45. Eban, pp. 483-4; SCOR, 27th year, Supplement for July-September 1972, pp. 96-8, S/10780 to S/10786; 1661st and 1662nd meetings (10 September 1972). 46. Kissinger, White House Years, pp. 1299-1300; Sadat, pp. 232-3. 476 Notes and References to pp. 296-303

47. 'Non-official mediation: reflections on Quaker experience', by Sydney D. Bailey, International Affairs, vol. 61, no. 2 (April 1985), pp. 205-222. 48. Gazit, The Peace Process, pp. 12, 107-8, 122; Rabin, pp. 169-71. 49. Report by President Sadat to the Egyptian national assembly, 26 March 1973: see Jorgen S. Nielsen (general ed.), International Documents on Palestine 1973, pp. 425-6 (doc. 237). 50. Sadat, p. 238; Heikal, pp. 200-3; Kissinger, White House Years, pp. 1300,1474; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 196,205,207-16; Quandt, Decade of decisions, pp. 154-5; Gazit, The Peace Process, pp. 105-9. 51. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 233-4, 226-7, 647; Quandt, Decade of de• cisions, p. 159; Sadat, pp. 287; Riad, pp. 238-9; Rafael, pp. 280-1. 52. Nielsen, pp. 429-32 (doc. 239); Sadat, p. 240; Riad, p. 239; SCOR, 28th year, Supplement for April-June 1973, pp. 20-23, S/I0911-3; 1750th to 1711th meet• ings (12-20 April 1973); S.c. res. 331 (S/10918), 20 April 1973, and 332 (S/10916/Rev. 1), 21 April 1973. 53. SCOR, 28th year, Supplement for April-June 1973, pp. 37-53, S/10929. 54. Waldheim, p. 79; Riad, p. 239. 55. SCOR, 28th year, 1717th mtg (6 June 1973), paras. 66-7; 1722nd mtg (12 June 1973), para. 120; 1723rd mtg (12 June 1973), paras. 42, 67, 128; 1724th mtg (13 June 1973), paras. 56-7; 1725th mtg (14 June 1973), paras. 95, 118; 1728th mtg (15 June 1973), para. 134(b); 1733rd mtg (20 July 1973), para. 123; 1735th mtg (26 July 1973), para. 65. Peru was represented at this time by Javier Perez de Cuellar, who was appointed UN Secretary-General in 1981. 56. Ibid., 1717th mtg (6 June 1973), paras. 83, 105, 107, 111, 153. 57. Ibid., 1723rd mtg (12 June 1973), paras. 12,39,45, 122. 58. Ibid., 1718th mtg (7 June 1973), paras. 9, 33, 98; 1719th mtg (8 June 1973) para. 49; 1722nd mtg (11 June 1973), paras. 27, 38,41; 1723rd mtg (12 June 1973), paras. 39, 45; 1726th mtg (14 June 1973), para. 129. 59. Ibid., Supplement for July-September 1973, pp. 20-1, S/I0974. 60. Ibid., 1733rd meeting (20 July 1973), paras. 275, 117; 1735th meeting (26 July 1973), paras. 63, 97, 126, 132-3, 136; Rafael, p. 281. 61. Eban, pp. 491-2; SCOR, 28th year, Supplement for July-September 1973, pp. 5, 25, S17930/Add. 2082, S/10983; 1736th to 1740th meetings (13-15 August 1973); SC res. 337 (S/I0987), 15 August 1973. 62. Kissinger White House Years, pp. 349, 589-90, 615; Kissinger, Years of up• heaval, pp. 415-25. 63. Quandt, Decade of decisions, p. 162; Riad, p. 241; Shazly, pp. 136-7; Heikal, pp. 11-13; Sadat, p. 242; Aruri, p. 116; Eban, p. 493; Gazit, The Peace Process, pp. 148-51; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 461-2; A. H. Farrar-Hockley, The Arab-Israeli War, October, 1973, p. 32. 64. SCOR, 28th year, Supplement for July-September 1973, pp. 32-4, S1l0996-AI 9151, S1l0998-Al9152 and Corr. 1; Quandt, Decade of decisions, p. 167; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 464 f.n.; Eban, p. 495. 65. Meir, pp. 347-52; Eban, pp. 496-7; Nielsen, p. 469 (doc. 271); Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 463; Kalb, p. 456. 66. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 464-5; Eban, pp. 497-8; Riad, p. 241; First report of the , 1 April 1974 (hereafter cited as Agranat I), paras. 14a and 31(2)(a). The third report of the Agranat Commission, 30 January 1975, is cited as Agranat III. 67. Ibid., para. 26. 68. Chaim, Herzog, The War of Atonement, p. 61; Dayan, Story of my life, p. 470. 69. Agranat I, para. 14(b); Meir, pp. 354-5; Dayan, Story of my life, p. 471. 70. Ibid., p. 472; Meir, pp. 355-6; Herzog, p. 46; Agranat I, paras. 14(b) and 32(b). Notes and References to pp. 303-10 477

71. Agranat I, para. 14(b); Meir pp. 356-7; Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 472-3. 72. Agranat I, para. 11; Avi Shlaim, 'Crisis decision-making in Israel', pp. 212-4, 220; Aruri, pp. 71-2, 85-6. 73. Agranat I, paras. 13, 23-4, 28. 74. Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 489-93; Michael I. Handel, Perception, Deception and Surprise: The Case of War, pp. 24, 48-9; Shazly, pp. 42-3; Hassan el Badri and others, The Ramadan War, 1973, pp. 32, 35; Journal of Palestine Studies, no. 3, pp. 22{}'-1; Whetten, The Arab-Israeli dispute, p. 26. 75. Zeev Schiff, October Earthquake, p. 135; Shazly, p. 197; Journal of Palestine Studies, no. 3, p. 224; Nielsen, p. 515 (doc. 324); Aruri, p. 182; Dupuy, p. 587. 76. Meir, pp. 358-9; Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 459-61, 538; Schiff, p. 147; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 962; Eban, p. 502; for a balanced Israeli consideration of deterrence or pre-emption, see Dan Horowitz, Israel's concep• tion of Defensible Borders, pp. 5-9. 77. Meir, pp. 358-9; Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 461-2; Shlaim, p. 226; Agranat I, para. 15. 78. Michael Brecher, with Benjamin Geist, Decisions in Crisis: Israel, 1967 and 1973, p. 201; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 45{}'-1; Eban, p. 502. 79. Sadat, p. 252; Heikal, pp. 38, 40. 80. Meir, p. 359; Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 463-4; Agranat I, para. 15. 81. Badri, p. 59. 82. Sadat, pp. 249,251; Shazly, pp. 149-57; Heikal, pp. 21{}'-1; Badri, pp. 63, 162-3, 166; Dayan, Story of my life, p. 474; Farrar-Hockley, p. 20; Dupuy, p. 434. 83. Agranat I, para. 29, and III, para. 22: Sunday Times Insight Ream, The , p. 462. 84. Dupuy, pp. 445-50; Farrar-Hockley, p. 22; Sunday Times pp. 46{}'-1; Strategic Survey, 1973, p. 17. 85. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 45{}'-3; Nixon, pp. 92{}'-1; Heikal, p. 39; Quandt, Decade of decisions, p. 166. 86. UN docs. A19190, Al9203, 6 October 1973 (mimeo.); SCOR 28th year, Sup• plement for October-December 1973, pp. 3-5, 14, 7{}'-2, S/7930IAdds. 2141-4, 2161, S/l1009, Sl1lOlO, S1110ll, SI11013. 87. Ibid., p. 3, S/7930IAdd. 2142. 88. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 453-5, 471-2; Eban, pp. 501-6, 510; Matti Golan, The Secret Conversations of Henry Kissinger, p. 63; Waldheim, p. 60. 89. Sadat, pp. 252-3; Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. III, no. 4, pp. 161-2; Galia Golan, p. 76; Arkady N. Schevchenko, Breaking with Moscow, p. 254; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 497. 90. Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 476-80; Abraham Adan, On the Banks of the Suez p. 162. 91. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 473-6. 92. Kissinger's evidence before Senate Finance Committee (text issued by US embassy in London); Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 451,458,471-2; Nixon, p. 921; Kohler, p. 6; Galia Golan, The Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli War of October 1973, Jerusalem, Hebrew University, 1974 (Jerusalem Papers on Peace Problems no. 7), p. 11; Galia Golan, Yom Kippur and After, pp. 54, 66, 69; Galia Golan, 'Soviet decisionmaking in the Yom Kippur War 1973', in Soviet Decision making for National Security, ed. by Jiri Valenta and William C. Potter, London, Allen and Unwin, 1984, pp. 196-8. 93. Shazly, p. 23; Journal of Palestine Studies, no. 3, pp. 213,216, and no. 4, p. 162; Aruri, pp. 123, 126-7, 136, 15{}'-1, 238-9; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 460,482; Dupuy, p. 602; Waldheim, p. 59. 94. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 594, 753, 943-4; Brian Urquhart, A Life in 478 Notes and References to pp. 310-16

Peace and War, p. 238; Malcolm Mackintosh, in Middle East and the Inter• national System, pp. 7-9; Quandt, Decade of decisions, p. 172; Kohler, pp. 7, 60-3,94,110-1; Journal of Palestine Studies, no. 3, p. 211; Aruri, pp. 293-311; Robert O. Freedman, 'The Soviet Conception', in Ro'i, p. 284; Freedman, p. 128; William A. Rugh, Arab perceptions of American Foreign Policy during the October War, p. 49. 95. Kissinger press conferences, 25 October and 21 (text issued by the US embassy in London); Nixon, p. 921; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 468,471-2. 96. Sunday Times, pp. 466-7; Badri, p. 208; Aruri, pp. 248-52,265-86; Uri Dan, Sharon's Bridgehead, p. 6. But see Eugene Rostow, 'The Illegality of the Arab attack on Israel of ,1973', American Journal of International Law, vol. 69, no. 2 (April 1975), pp. 272-89. 97. Nixon, p. 921; Rafael, p. 290; Urquhart, p. 237; Quandt, Decade of decisions, pp. 168-70; Edgar O'Ballance, No victor, no vanquished: the Yom Kippur War, p. 59; Journal of Palestine Studies, no. 3, p. 212. 98. Heikal, pp. 41-3; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 475-6. 99. Ibid., p. 480; Eban, pp. 506-7; Galia Golan, p. 77; Shevchenko, p. 255. 100. Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 481-3; Dupuy, p. 449. 101. Ibid., pp. 451-2,456; Meir, pp. 360-1; Adan, p. 174. 102. Dayan, Story of my life, p. 510; Dupuy, p. 455; Zumwalt, p. 432; Aruri, pp. 70-1. 103. Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 491-7; Meir, p. 360; Adan, p. 162; Dan, pp. 34,93, 204,243,247; Herzog, pp. 182-3; Aruri, p. 159; Sunday Times, p. 191. 104. Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 496-7; Adan, pp. 92-9, 111, 155; Dan, pp. 41, 59-60; Rabin, p. 185; Herzog, pp. 183-4. 105. Shazly, p. 158; Badri, p. 67; Schiff, p. 80. 106. General Assembly Official Records (GAOR), 28th session, 2143rd plenary mtg (8 October 1973), paras. 2,3, 7, 12, 21, 23, 49, 55. 107. Eban, pp. 510-3; Urquhart, p. 237; Shevchenko, p. 254; William F. Buckley, Jr., United Nations Journal, p. 138; Galia Golan, p. 83; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 486,489, 507. 108. Kissinger, White House Years, p. 359; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 487; SCOR, 28th year, 1743rd mtg (8 October 1973), paras. 15-8,51,53,55-6,63, 67-9,75,79-80; 1744th mtg (9 October 1973), paras. 16, 18-9,42,57,62,70, 113,167,170,179,183,187,195,199; 1745th mtg (11 October 1973), paras. 39, 56,58,97; 1746th mtg (12 October 1973), paras. 11, 19,21,27,29. 109. Ibid., 1743rd mtg (8 October 1973), paras. 26-32, 37-8, 50, 61; 1744th mtg (9 October 1973), para. 47; 1745th mtg (11 October 1973), paras. 21-6; Supplement for October-December 1973, p. 5, S/11020. 110. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 488-9; SCOR, 28th year, 1748th mtg. (23 October 1973), paras. 50-1; Fahmy, pp. 25-6; Galia Golan, p. 86; Rugh, p.7. 111. Agranat I, para. 29; Agranat III, para. 22; Dayan, Story of my life pp. 498-9, 524; Adan,pp. 107-9,155-64;Dan,pp.56,61-8, 71,76,81;Dupuy,pp.433-5; Louis Williams, Military Aspects of the Israeli-Arab Conflict, p. 258; Sobel, pp. 130-1; O'Ballance, pp. 104-7. 112. Shazly, pp. 159-63; Heikal, p. 214. 113. Dupuy, pp. 456-8; Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 484-6; Schiff, p. 109. 114. Dayan, Story of my life, p. 500; Dupuy, p. 465; Strategic Survey, 1973, p. 18. 115. Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 498-9; Dan, pp. 80-1, 85-7. 116. Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 499-500; Meir, p. 363; Adan, pp. 172-4, 215; Herzog, pp. 197-8; O'Ballance, p. 174. Notes and References to pp. 316-23 479

117. Herzog, pp. 195-6; Aruri, p. 183. For the text of Dayan's briefing, see Survival, vol. XVI, no. 3 (May-June 1974), pp. 141-4; extracts from Yariv's press conference are in Nielsen, p. 299 (doc. 140). 118. Dupuy, pp. 458--61,465; Sunday Times, pp. 200-1. 119. Eban, pp. 511-4; Meir, p. 362; Dayan, Story of my life, p. 511; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 493-4,496-7,520,708, Galia Golan, p. 85; O'Baliance, 1979, pp. 180-2; Quandt, Decade of decisions, pp. 178-80, 183, 185; Zumwalt, p. 442; Kalb, pp. 467-8; Sobel, pp. 104, 161; Glassman, p. 146. 120. Dupuy, pp. 531-2; O'Baliance, p. 335; Sunday Times, pp. 310-3. 121. Fahmy, p. 26; Heikal, p. 216; Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. III, no. 2, p. 162. 122. Adan, pp. 170-2, 190-1, 216-7; Eban, p. 531; Dupuy, pp. 475-6; Brecher, p. 212; O'Baliance, pp. 108-9. 123. Shazly, pp. 182-3. 124. Dayan, Story of my life, p. 516; Dupuy, p. 462; Sunday Times, p. 315. 125. Ibid., pp. 202-3; Galia Golan, p. 84; Dupuy, p. 465; Glassman, pp. 132-3; GAOR, 38th session, 2145th plenary mtg (9 October 1973), paras. 186-90; 2148th plenary mtg (10 October 1973), paras. 173--6; SCOR, 28th year, Sup• plement for October-December 1973, pp. 16, 74, S179301Add. 2165, S/11018; 1744th mtg (9 October 1973), paras. 3, 22, 84, 93-5,101,104,214; 1745th mtg (11 October 1973), paras. 9-10, 14-8. 126. Galia Golan, pp. 91-2, 99; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 470, 498-9, 502. 127. Ibid., pp. 496,500,512-4; Zumwalt, pp. 433-4; Edward R. F. Sheehan, The Arabs, Israelis, and Kissinger, p. 34; Kalb, pp. 472-4; O'Baliance, p. 275. 128. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 500; Heikal, p. 216; Journal of Palestine Studies, no. 4, p. 162. 129. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 627. 130. Ibid., pp. 504, 506; Dayan, Story of my life, p. 520; Dupuy, pp. 463-5, 532; O'Baliance, pp. 144-5. 131. Brecher, p. 213; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 506; Shazly, pp. 163--6, 169; Journal of Palestine Studies, no. 3, p. 223; Dupuy, pp. 478-9. 132. Waldheim, p. 60; SCOR, 28th year, Supplement for October-December 1973, pp. 75-6, S/11021. 133. Dupuy, pp. 467-8,532,537; Whetten, The Arab-Israeli Dispute, p. 30; Sunday Times, p. 314; Galia Golan, p. 94; Glassman, p. 148. 134. Dayan, Story of my life, p. 523; Herzog, p. 202; O'Ballance, p. 222. 135. Eban, pp. 513-5; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 509-10; Heikal, p. 245. 136. Eban, pp. 516-20; Matti Golan, pp. 66-7; Galia Golan, p. 96; Sadat, pp. 257-8; Fahmy, p. 39; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 516-8,520; Meir, pp. 362-3; Sobel, p. 104; Sunday Times, pp. 423--6. 137. Nielsen, p. 480(doc. 289); Dupuy, pp. 468, 532-3; Sunday Times, p. 314. 138. Shazly, p. 167; Heikal, pp. 210, 225; Badri, p. 91; Steven J. Rosen, Military Geography and the Military Balance in the Arab-Israel Conflict, pp. 37-8; O'Ballance, p. 324; Sunday Times, p. 429. 139. Adan, pp. 230-1; Herzog, pp. 203-4; Dayan, Story of my life, p. 525; Dan, pp. 92-3, 104-5, 111-2; Badri, p. 336; Shazly, pp. 167, 169. 140. Eban, pp. 519-21; Dayan, Story of my life, p. 525; Adan, p. 336; Shazly, pp. 167, 169. 141. Dupuy, p. 533; Sunday Times, p. 302. 142. Dayan, Story of my life, p. 525; Meir, p. 364; Adan, pp. 275,280,336; Dupuy, pp.498-9. 143. Shazly, pp. 169-70; Sadat, pp. 259-60,290-1; Badri, pp. 88, 117; O'Ballance, pp. 181-2; Dupuy, p. 485; Rugh, p. 41. 480 Notes and References to pp. 323-9

144. Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 523-5; Adan, pp. 274-5; Herzog, pp. 222-3; Dupuy, pp. 503, 506-9; Eban, p. 521; Meir, p. 367; Zumwalt, p. 432; Aruri, pp. 70-1; Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. 111, no. 2, p. 213. 145. Nielsen, pp. 482-7(doc. 292); Shazly, pp. 170-2; Riad, p. 245. 146. Meir, pp. 364--5, 367; Nielsen, pp. 314-5(doc. 151); Rafael, pp. 306-7; O'Bal• lance, p. 335. 147. Sadat, p. 258; Riad, p. 252; Heikal, pp. 232, 245-6; Journal of Palestine Studies, no. 2, p. 204, and no. 4, p. 163; Galia Golan, p. 107; Kalb, pp. 480-1; Whetten, The Canal War, p. 289; Glassman, p. 153. 148. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 528, 530; Nielsen, pp. 487-91, 508, 519, 533-4(docs. 293-4, 297-8. 316, 326, 336); Riad, p. 252; Heikal, pp. 169-75; Badri, pp. 171-2; Aruri, p. 116; Quandt, Decade of decisions, pp. 188-90. 149. Eban, p. 523; Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 529-31; Adan, pp. 298-9. 304-7, 337-8, 457-8; Dan, pp. 153, 160-3, 200-6, 233-5;Herzog, pp. 223-4, 238; Dupuy, pp. 514-6. 150. Shazly, p. 173; Badri, pp. 104-5; Dupuy, pp. 516, 534; Sunday Times, pp. 308, 315. 151. Eban, p. 523; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 536. 152. Eban, pp. 523-4; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 539-41; Nixon, pp. 930-1; Buckley, p. 143. 153. Sadat. pp. 261, 263-5, and 329, Appendix IV; Journal of Palestine Studies, no. 2, p. 204; Heikal, pp. 233-5, 238-9; Riad, p. 253; Fahmy, pp. 28-9; Badri, p. 170. 154. Heikal, p. 239; Fahmy, p. 239; Politiek Seale, Asad of Syria, pp. 220-1. 155. Shazly, pp. 175-6; Heikal, p. 238. 156. Brecher, pp. 173,219; Dayan, Story of my life, p. 533; Dan, pp. 153,227-31. 157. Meir, pp. 367-9; Dayan, Story of my life, p. 533; Rafael, p. 308; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 542-3, 545, 569; Nixon, pp. 931, 933; Shevchenko, p.255. 158. Dupuy, p. 534; O'Ballance, p. 209. 159. Sadat, pp. 262-3; Shazly, p. 179; O'Ballance, pp. 244-5. 160. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 549, 554-5; Nixon, p. 933; Galia Golan, 1977, pp. 113-5; Eban. p. 532; Rafael, p. 308. 161. Shazly, p. 180; Heikal, p. 247; Sadat, p. 264; Eban, p. 528; Dayan, Story of my life, p. 535; Journal of Palestine Studies, no. 4, p. 163; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 553; Nixon, p. 936; Badri, pp. 110-1; Riad, p. 253; Fahmy, p. 29. 162. Dupuy, pp. 534-5. 163. Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 534--5; Adan, pp. 372-7, 433, 436-7; Schiff, pp. 275-6; O'Ballance, pp. 246-7; Dupuy, pp. 527-8. 164. Agranat III, Appendix B; O'Ballance, pp. 345-6. See also interview with Sharon in Ma'ariv, 25 January 1974. 165. SCOR, 28th year, 1747th mtg (21-22 October 1973), paras. 1,4--5,8-11, 13, 47,53,58,61-2,66-8,94, 100, 103-4, 108-9, 112, 119, 122, 124, 133, 135-7, 140, 145, 147, 152-4, 160, 165, 170, 178-83, 187; Supplement for October• December 1973, pp. 47-8, 76-7, 79, 81-4, 88-9, S179301Add. 2210, S/ll024, SI11030, S/ll033, S/ll034, S/ll035, S/ll040-A/9250, S/ll047; Seres. 338 (S/11036), 22 October 1973. 166. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 559-63, 576; Eban, pp. 531-2; Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 357-8; Matti Golan, pp. 78, 85; Walter Laquer, Confrontation: the Middle East war and World Politics, London, Wildwood, 1974, pp. 172-3. 167. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 567. 168. Meir, pp. 369-70; Eban, pp. 530,533; Dayan, Story of my life, p. 536; Adan, Notes and References to pp. 329-34 481

pp. 393-402; Dupuy, pp. 525,529; Dan, pp. 233-4; Schiff, pp. 284-6; Nixon, p. 936; Zumwalt, p. 446; Sadat, pp. 265-7; Heikal, pp. 240,248; Nielsen, pp. 325-7, 494(docs. 160-1,303); Quandt, 1977, p. 194. 169. Dayan, Story of my life, p. 535; Dupuy, pp. 535-6. 170. Dayan, Story of my life, p. 536; Adan, pp. 401-9, 456; O'Ballance, pp. 25fr.-7. 171. Dayan, Story of my life, p. 536; Adan, pp. 401-9, 456; Matti Golan, p. 88; Schiff, p. 286; O'Ballance, pp. 25fr.-7. 172. Urquhart, pp. 239-40; Waldheim, p. 63; Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, pp. 569, 571-4; Meir, p. 370; Eban, p. 533; Galia Golan, p. 120. 173. SCaR, 28th year, 1948th mtg (23 October 1973), paras. 4,9-19,23-4,27-8, 37, 39-42,51, 58-9, 64, 6fr.-7, 69, 73-4, 76,85,87,89,95,98,110,122,126,130, 137, 143-5, 161, 187-8, 246, 256; SC res. 339 (S/11039), 23 October 1973; Eban, p. 530. 174. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 569-70, 572-4; Waldheim, p. 62. 175. SCaR, 28th year, Supplement for October-December 1973, p. 84, S/11040-A/9250; Nielsen, pp. 499-501 (doc. 311); Journal of Palestine Studies, no. 2, pp. 201-2; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 574-5,627; Dayan, Story of my life, p. 535. 176. Meir, p. 371; Adan, pp. 409-15,419,426; Schiff, p. 289; Shazly, p. 182; Badri, p. 119; Kalb, pp. 48fr.-8. 177. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 575, 579-80, 583, 588; Nixon, pp. 937-8; Eban, pp. 534-5; Meir, p. 371; Schiff, p. 290; Heikal, p. 251; Galia Golan, p. 120. 178. Kissinger, Years a/upheaval, pp. 580-3,593; Nixon, p. 938; Freedman, p. 130; Glassman, pp. 160-1; Eban, pp. 534-5; Buckley, p. 142; Quandt, Decade of decisions, pp. 19fr.-8; O'Ballance, p. 261; Sunday Times, pp. 409-11; Galia Golan, p. 121; Schiff, p. 289; Shazly, p. 190. 179. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 584-91; Zumwalt, p. 443; Sobel, pp. 11fr.-7; Freedman, p. 130; Matti Golan, pp. 90-1; Galia Golan, pp. 122-3; Rafael, p.31O. 180. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 578, 582. 181. Ibid., pp. 592-3,596,598; Nixon, p. 940; Shevchenko, p. 257. 182. SCaR, 28th year, 1749th mtg (24 October 1973), paras. 5, 7, 10-1,25,33,43, 48,59,69,74,78,90-1,100-2,161,170,201; 1750th mtg (25 October 1973), paras. 10-3, 41, 43-5, 65, 68, 78, 88, 90, 92, 94, 102, 107-8, 119, 146; Supplement for October-December 1973, pp. 52-3, 85-7, 89, S179301Add. 2219, S/11042, S111043, S/11044, S/11049; Seres. 340 (S/11046/Rev. 1). 183. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 598; Galia Golan, 1977, p. 125; Meir, p. 371; Eban, pp. 535-7. 184. Adan, pp. 425, 456; Badri, p. 121. 185. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 597, 601; Nixon, pp. 940-1; Fahmy, p. 41; Galia Golan, p. 125; Waldheim, p. 63. 186. Heikal, p. 253. 187. Kissinger, Years a/upheaval, pp. 603-5,608,623-4; Nixon, p. 942; Sheeham, pp. 3fr.-7; O'Ballance, pp. 262-4; Shlomo Aronson, Conflict and bargaining in the Middle East, p. 191; Jerusalem Post, 20 December 1974; Shazly, pp. 190-1. 188. SCaR, 28th year, 1751st mtg (26 October 1973), paras. 5-6, 12, 15,33, 78-9, 98-9, 137-40, 156, 23fr.-7, 239-40, 247-8; Supplement for October-December 1973, pp. 89-90, 92, S/11049, S/11051-A/9258, S/11053-A/9259. 189. Journal of Palestine Studies, no. 3, pp. 212, 215; Zumwalt, pp. 433-4; Aruri, p.235. 190. Aruri, pp. 7fr.-7, 94-5,134. 482 Notes and References to pp. 334-39

191. O'Ballance, p. 330; Dupuy, pp. 58~; Horowitz, p. 19; Journal of Palestine Studies, vo. III, no. 2, p. 225. See also Between Battles and Ballots by Yo ram Peri, Cambridge University Press, 1983. 192. O'Ballance, p. 330; Dupuy, pp. 585-<>; Horowitz, p. 19; Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. II, no. 2, p. 225. See also Between Battles and Ballots by Yo ram Peri, Cambridge University Press, 1983. 193. Aruri, pp. 97-120; Shazly, pp. 188-9; Nielsen, pp. 419-20,472,479-80 (docs. 233,277,287,290); Journal of Palestine Studies, no. 3, pp. 213, 226; Dupuy, p. 602. O'Ballance, pp. 270-1; Sobel, p. 115; Horowitz, p. 19; Freedman, p.134. 194. Farrar-Hockley, pp. 32-5; General A. Merglen, in Middle East and the Inter• national System, pp. 26-30; O'Ballance, p. 331; Dupuy, p. 585. 195. Rosen, pp. 56-7; Strategic Survey, p. 26; Syed Ali El-Edroos, The Hashemite Arab Army, 1908-1979, Amman, Publishing Committee, 1980, p. 525; ICRC reports for 1973 (pp. 12-3) and 1974 (pp. 19-21). 196. Kissinger, 1982; p. 647. 197. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 609-11; Waldheim, p. 64; Urquhart, p. 243. 198. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 611; Sunday Times, pp. 448-9; Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 54~; Shazly, pp. 192-3; Fahmy, pp. 38-9; SCOR, 28th year, Supplement for October-December 1973, pp. 93-4, 96, S/11056, paras. 13, 19, S/U056/Add. 2, paras. 13-<>. 199. Ibid., pp. 91-2, S/11052/Rev. 1; GAOR, 28th session, Annexes, Agenda item 44, A/9144, 7 September 1973. On the financing of the Force, see docs. A/9285, A/9314, and A/9428, 5 and 14 November and 10 December 1973 (all mimeo.) and G A res. 3101 (XXVIII), 11 December 1973. 200. SCOR, 28th year, 1752nd mtg (27 October 1973), paras. 10-2, 19,46,50,60, 87, 104-<>, 139; Supplement for October-December 1973, pp. 92, 101-2, SI11055, S/U057; SC res. 341 (S/U054), 27 October 1973. 201. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 614-8; Fahmy, pp. 35-52; Sobel, p. 141; Journal of Palestine Studies, no. 2, p. 205; Nielsen, pp. 502-<>(doc. 313). 202. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 619-23; Nixon, pp. 942-3; Quandt, Decade of decisions, p. 215; Kalb, p. 502; Sunday Times, p. 390; Brecher, pp. 302-4; Meir, pp. 37~; Eban, p. 538; Riad, p. 257; Fahmy, pp. 43, 49. 203. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 632-51; Sheehan, pp. 48-50; Kalb, pp. 507-10; Sadat, p. 268; Fahmy, pp. 45, 56-7; Riad, p. 262; Nielsen, pp. 502-<>(doc. 313). 204. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 651-3; Quandt, Decade of decisions, pp. 217-8; Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 547-8. 205. SCOR, 28th year, Supplement for October-December 1973, pp. 97-101,217, S/U056/Add. 3, paras. 14-5 and Annex, S/1l091, SI11056/Add. 4, para. 13, S/U056/Add. 5, paras. 1-3; SI11056/Add. 6, para. 6; 29th year, Supplement for January-March 1974, p. 21, S/11056/Add. 7, paras. 8-9; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 750-1; Quandt, Decade of decisions, pp. 219-20; Kalb, pp. 80-2; Brecher, p. 308; Meir, p. 377; Dayan, Story of my life, p. 548; Matti Golan. pp. 98-120; Shazly, p. 193. 206. SCOR, 28th year, 1754th mtg (2 November 1973), paras. 5, 8-9, 16, 21, 24, 28-30, 34, 38, 46, 57, 76, 87; Supplement for October-December 1973, pp. 93-4,208-9, S/1l056 and Add. 1, S/l1072; Waldheim, pp. 67-8; Urquhart, pp. 242-3,251. 207. SCOR, 28th year, 1755th mtg (12 November 1973); Supplement for October• December, pp. 94-8, 100-1, 214, 220, 223, 234, S/1l056/Add. 6, Annex, S/1l058/Adds. 2 and 3, S/l1084, S/1l107, S/1l103, S/l1104, S/11127; 29th year, Notes and References to pp. 339-44 483

Supplement for January-March 1974, pp. 1,5, S/11056/Add. 7, para. 1 and Add. 12, para. 8. 208. Nielsen, pp. 525-30, 537-8(docs. 332-3, 338); Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 755-8,1248 n. 4; Fahmy, p. 58; Badri, p. 182; SCOR, 28th year, 1760th mtg (15 December 1973), paras. 1-2,45; SC res. 344(S/I1156), 15 December 1973. 209. Ibid., paras. 3, 6, 11, 15-6, 18-9,22,26-7,30,32; Supplement for October• December 1973, pp. 269, 272-3, S/11159, S/11161, S/11162; SC res. 344(S/I1156), 15 December 1973; Waldheim, p. 70; Urquhart, p. 243. 210. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 759; Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 551-4. 211. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 769, 783, 786-9; Kissinger press conference, 6 December 1973 (text issued by US embassy in London); Brecher, pp. 309-11; Sheehan, pp. 96-7; Sadat, p. 292; Fahmy, p. 61; Seale, pp. 230-4; Galia Golan, The Soviet Union and the PLO, London, International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1976 (Adelphi Paper no. 131), pp. 10-5; Galia Golan, Yom Kippur and After, p. 184; Sunday Times, p. 483. 212. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 775, 791; Quandt, Decade of decisions, p. 222; Sheehan, p. 101; Sobel, p. 143; Brecher, pp. 287,313; Eban, p. 542; Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 557-9. The text of Syria's refusal to go to Geneva is in Nielsen, p. 540(doc. 340). 213. Urquhart, pp. 243-5; Waldheim, pp. 70-1; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 795-6; Fahmy, p. 61; Eban, p. 547. 214. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 797; Sheehan, p. 108; Kalb, pp. 528-9; Fahmy, p. 62; Eban, pp. 545, 548, 550-4; Galia Golan, pp. 165-6; Robert O. Freed• man, 'The Soviet Conception', in Ro'i, p. 286; Freedman, p. 137; Sunday Times, p. 485; SCOR, 28th year, Supplement for October-December 1973, pp. 276-7, S/11169; 29th year, Supplement for January-March 1974, p. 2, S/I1056/Add. 7, para. 9. The texts of the Geneva speeches are in Nielsen, pp. 381-93, 541-6(docs. 216-8, 342-3). 215. SCOR, 29th year, Supplement for January-March 1974, p. 3; S111056/Add. 9, para. 6; Urquhart, p. 246; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 800-3, 829; Dayan, Story my life, p. 565; Sadat, p. 293; Eban, p. 559; Rabin, p. 203; Fahmy, p. 72. 216. SCOR, 29th year, Supplement for January to March 1974, pp. 2, 84-5, S/11056/Add. 8, SI11198 and Add. 1; Quandt, Decade of decisions, p. 228; Sheehan, p. 111; Nadav Safran, Israel, pp. 521-3; Kalb, p. 535; Sobel, pp. 157, 160; Sadat, p. 275; Rafael, p. 324; Matti Golan, p. 165. 217. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 815,953,956,969,971-2,1048-9,1052,1059, 1074,1076-9,1082,1093-4,1099-1101,1103-5; Eban, pp. 574-5; Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 582-9; Matti Golan, p. 195; Sheehan, pp. 119, 124; SCOR, 29th year, Supplement for April-June 1974, pp. 88-95, 106-8, 124-5,140, S/11248, SI11259-A/9515, S111263-Al9516, S/11264, S/11289, S/11290, S/11295; 1765th to 1769th mtgs (8-24 April 1974); SC res. 346(S/11253) , 8 April 1974, and 347(S/11275), 24 April 1974. 218. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 848-9, 851, 939, 951-2, 954-5, 958, 961-5, 1042-3, 1059, 1087; Sobel, pp. 122, 142, 162, 165; Eban, p. 574; Dayan, Story of my life, p. 571; Rafael, p. 325; Amnon Sella, 'Changes in Soviet Political• Military Policy after 1973', in Ro'i, pp. 39, 41; Matti Golan, p. 182; Quandt, Decade of decisions, pp. 231-2, 240; Sheehan, p. 115; Fahmy. pp. 88-9; Seale, pp. 227-8, 240-1; Annual Report of the ICRC for 1974, p. 20; For Israeli and Syrian communications to the UN re POWs, see SCOR, 29th year, Supplement for July-September 1974, pp. 143-7, S/11502-Al9681; Supplement for Oc• tober-December 1974, pp. 26-7, SI11533-Al9689. 219. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 1044, 1047, 1052, 1062-3,1068-9, 1074-5, 484 Notes and References to pp. 344-8

1077,1080-1,1088; Quandt, Decade of decisions, pp. 233, 236--7, 241-2; Eban, pp. 576--7; Dayan, Story of my life, pp. 576--8; Matti Golan, p. 199; Sheehan, p. 126; SCOR, 29th year, Supplement for April-June 1974, pp. 144--6, S/11302 and Adds. 220. Shazly, pp. 195-6; SCOR, 29th year, Supplement for July-September 1974, pp. 73, 78, 149-50, 156, S/11396-Al9568, S/11408--Al9570, S/11506--Al9683 , S/11516--A/9686; UN docs. Al311218, 1 October 1976, paras. 316--20 and Annex II, and A/32/284, 27 October 1977, paras. 242-4 and Annex II. 221. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 1090, 1098, 1105; Rafael, p. 328; Quandt, Decade of decisions, pp. 243-4; Seale, p. 245, 247; Saadia Touval, The Peace Brokers, p. 259. 222. SCOR, 29th year, Supplement for April-June 1974, pp. 144--6, S/11302 and Add. 1; 1773rd mtg (30 May 1974), paras. 1-9; 1774th mtg (31 May 1974), paras. 11, 13,27-8,56,68,115-7; SC res. 350(S/11305/Rev. 1),31 May 1974; Kohler, pp. 108--9; Robert O. Freedman, 'The Soviet Conception', in Ro'i, p.287. 223. Quandt, Decade of decisions, pp. 229-30; Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 976--7,1037-8, 1062-3, 1138-41; Eban, p. 562; Rafael, p. 321. 224. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 626--9, 1036--7. 223. Rabin, pp. 187-90; Eban, pp. 577-9; Dayan, Story of my life, p. 607. 224. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, pp. 1123,1129; Sheehan, p. 132; Rabin, p. 191; Sadat, p. 294; Fahmy, p. 153; Riad, pp. 280-1; Quandt, Decade of decisions, p.248. 225. Quandt, Decade of decisions, pp. 249,255; Matti Golan, pp. 220-1. 226. Kissinger, Years of upheaval, p. 1141; Quandt, Decade of decisions, p. 257; Sheehan, p. 149; Eban, p. 562; Matti Golan, p. 227; Fahmy, p. 145; SCOR, 30th year, 1856th mtg (30 November 1975), paras. 1-23; Supplement for October-December 1975, p. 50, S/11893; 1859th mtg (4 December 1975), paras. 2-84; 31st year, 1870th mtg (12 January 1976), paras. 14-121. 227. UN doc. AlPV. 2282, 13 November 1974, p. 51; Freedman, p. 162. 228. Quandt, Decade of decisions, pp. 261-4; Sheehan, p. 155; Matti Golan, pp. 229-30; Rabin, p. 197; Riad, pp. 286--8. 229. Sheehan, p. 162; , A Time to Heal, p. 249; Edward R. F. Sheehan, 'Step by Step in the Middle East: how Kissinger did it', Foreign Policy, no. 22 (Spring, 1976), p. 66. 230. Quandt, Decade of decisions, pp. 265-8; Sheehan, pp. 156, 159, 163; Rabin, pp. 198--204; Rafael, p. 352; Matti Golan, pp. 222, 237-40; Fahmy, p. 162; Riad, p. 290; for the text of Sadat's speech of 29 March 1975, see Survival, vol XVII, no. 4 (July-August 1975), pp. 189-91; SC res. 368(S/11675) , 17 April 1975; SC res. 371(S/11774/Rev. 1),24 July 1975. 231. Rabin, pp. 208--10; Sheehan, pp. 165, 177; Matti Golan, p. 243; Ford, pp. 286-92. 232. Quandt, Decade of decisions, p. 269-72; Sheehan, p. 176; Sadat, pp. 271-4, 295; Riad, p. 291. 233. Quandt, Decade of decisions, pp. 272-5; Ford, p. 308; Sheehan, pp. 180, 189; Rabin, pp. 212-3; Matti Golan, pp. 248--51; Galia Golan, 'The Arab-Israeli Conflict in Soviet-US Relations', and Robert O. Freedman, 'The Soviet Conception', in Ro'i, pp. 22, 303; Fahmy, pp. 164-7; Riad, pp. 294-5. 234. For the lessons of the Sinai Field Mission, see C. William Kontos, Appendix A in Weapons of Peace, New York, International Peace Academy, 1980, pp. 47-52. 235. SCOR, 30th year, Supplement for July -September 1975, pp. 54-6, Notes and References to pp. 348-52 485

S/118181 Add. 1; Ford, pp. 308-9; Kissinger press briefing, 17 August 1975 (text issued by US embassy in London). For a sober account of the Sinai peace• keeping operation, see Nissim Bar-Yaacov, 'Keeping the peace between Egypt and Israel 1973-80'. 236. Sheehan, pp. 255, 257; Safran, p. 556; Kissinger press conference, 9 September 1975 (text issued by US embassy in London). 237. Ibid., pp. 253-7. 238. Ibid., p. 196; Seale, p. 260; Riad, p. 295. 239. GA res. 3379 (XXX), 10 November 1975. 240. 'Department gives position on Palestinian issues', Department of State Bulletin, vol. LXXIV, no. 1901 (1 December 1975), pp. 797-800; Search for Peace . .. , pp.305-7. 241. GA res. 3237 (XXIX), 22 November 1974; GA res. 3375 (XXX), 10 November 1975; SCOR, 30th year, 1856th mtg (30 November 1975), para. 23(S/11889); 1859th mtg (4 December 1975), paras. 3, 78, 156-70; 31st year, 1870th mtg (12 January 1976), paras. 14, 104; See my Procedure of the UN Security Council, 2nd ed., Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1988, pp. 131-9. 242. SCOR, 30th year, Supplement for October-December 1975, pp. 50, 53, 61; 1861st mtg (8 December 1975), paras. 115-8. 243. SCOR, 31st year, Supplement for January-March 1976, pp. 19,21, S/11940, S/11943; 1879th mtg (26 January 1976), paras. 3, 12,56, 67. 244. Ibid., 1893rd to 1899th mtgs (22-25 March 1976); Supplement for January• March 1976, pp. 13tH, S112022; 1916th to 1919th mtgs (4-26 May 1976); 1924th, 1938th, and 1933rd to 1938th mtgs (9-29 June 1976); Supplement for April-June 1976, p. 73, S/12119; 1966th to 1969th mtg (1-11 November 1976); Supplement for October to December 1976, pp. 24-5, S/12233. 245. SCOR, 32nd year, Supplement for January-March 1977, pp. 1(}-2, S/12290; 1993rd, 1995th, and 1997th mtgs (25-29 March 1977); Supplement for July• September 1977, p. 81, S/12399; 2041st mtg (27 October 1977). 246. Istvan Pogany, The and Peacekeeping in , Aldershot, Avebury, 1987, pp. 186-97; Search for Peace . .. , p. 333. 247. SCOR, 31st year, 1939th to 1943rd mtgs (9-14 July 1976); Supplement for July-September 1976, pp. 3-7, 15-6, S/12123, S112124, S/12126, S/12128, S/12138, S/12139. 248. Toward Peace in the Middle East, Washington, D. C., , 1975; Search for Peace . .. , p. 311; Riad, p. 300; Fahmy, p. 190; , Power and Principle, pp. 83,91; William B. Quandt, : Peacemaking and Politics, p. 48. 249. , Keeping Faith, pp. 280-1; Cyrus Vance, Hard Choices, p. 173; Brzezinski, pp. 90-1; Quandt, Camp David, pp. 44-8; Rabin, pp. 228-32. 250. Sadat, p. 297; Riad, p. 302; Carter, pp. 282-4; Vance, pp. 174-5; Brzezinski, p.93. 251. Carter, p. 285; Vance, pp. 175-6. 252. Carter, p. 286; Vance, pp. 176-7; Seale, pp. 295-6; Riad, p. 302. 253. Moshe Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 17-21; Carter, pp. 290-1; Vance, pp. 180-4; Brzezinski, pp. 99-101. 254. Vance, pp. 188-90; Brzezinski, pp. 101-3; Riad, pp. 303-4; Fahmy, p. 216; Rabin, p. 250; Quandt, Camp David, pp. 101-2. 255. Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 35-7,55-72; Carter, pp. 292, 295; Vance, pp. 191-4; Brzezinski, pp. 107-10. 256. Fahmy, pp. 195-213,299-31; Carter, p. 294; Quandt, Camp David, pp. 114-6. 257. Ibid., pp. 116-7, 121-2. 486 Notes and References to pp. 352--6

258. Search for Peace . .. , pp. 159-60; Carter, p. 293; Vance, pp. 191-2; Brze• zinski, p. 108; Quandt, Camp David, pp. 343-4; Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 65, 70-1; Rabin, pp. 250-1; Fahmy, pp. 229, 233-8; Riad, pp. 304-5. 259. Search for Peace . .. , p. 223; Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 38-54, 75-6, 86-90; Rafael, pp. 389-91; Rabin, pp. 251-4; Sadat, pp. 306-9; Fahmy, pp. 242-77; Riad, pp. 306-7; Mohamed Ibrahim Kamel, The , pp. 18-20; Carter, p. 296; Vance, p. 194; Brzezinski, p. 111; Quandt, Camp David, pp.137-43. 260. A virtually complete text of Sadat's speech is in Quandt, Camp David, pp. 345-55; extracts from Begin's speech are in the Jerusalem Post International Edition, 23 November 1977, pp. 13-4. 261. Search for Peace . .. , pp. 224-7; Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 77-86; Ezer Weizman, The Battle for Peace, pp. 56-61,64-70; Sadat, pp. 309-10; Carter, p.297. 262. Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 91-7,101; Carter, pp. 299-300; Vance, pp. 198-200; Brzezinski, pp. 115-20; Quandt, Camp David, pp. 155-8. 263. Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 102-5, 115; Weizman, pp. 86-93, 120-35, 142-7; Kamel, pp. 22-7, 50-1; Carter, p. 307; Quandt, Camp David, pp. 161-2. The autonomy plan is in Search for Peace . .. , pp. 205-9, and in Dayan, Break• through, pp. 359-61. 264. Carter, p. 303; Vance, pp. 201-2; Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 110-4; Weizman, pp. 154-84, 193-4, 207-12; Kamel, pp. 53-71. 265. Carter, pp. 305-8; Vance, pp. 203-5; Brzezinski, pp. 240-4; Quandt, Camp David, pp. 172-9; Kamel, pp. 81-6. 266. Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 118-20; Carter, pp. 308-10; Vance, pp. 205-8; Weizman, pp. 258-63; Brzezinski, p. 245. 267. SC res. 425(S/1261O) and 426(S/12612), 19 March 1978; 427(S/12679), 3 May 1948; SCOR, 33rd year, Supplement for January-March 1978, pp. 60-1, S112606, S112607, S112611. 268. Ibid., 2071st mtg (17 March 1978), paras. 16, 21, 28, 47-9, 59, 78, 96, 138; 2072nd mtg (18 March 1978), paras. 22,49; 2073rd mtg (18 March 1978), paras. 7, 13,28,48; 2075th mtg (19 March 1978), paras. 5, 9. 269. Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 122-9; Carter, pp. 311-3; Vance, pp. 210-1; Brze• zinski, p. 246; Quandt, Camp David, pp. 184-6. 270. Weizman, pp. 292-9, 313-29; Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 129-33; Kamel, pp. 145-9, 177-8,201-3; Carter, p. 313; Vance, pp. 212-3; Brzezinski, pp. 248-9. 271. Search for Peace . .. , pp. 161-3; Kamel, pp. 208-19; Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 138-46; Vance, pp. 214-6; Quandt, Camp David, pp. 198-201. 272. Carter, pp. 316-7; Vance, pp. 216-9; Brzezinski, pp. 250-1; Dayan, Break• through, pp. 149-50; Kamel, pp. 264-6, 282-93. 273. Carter, pp. 329-32, 344, 353, 391; Vance, p. 224; Brzezinski, pp. 255-6,271-2; Quandt, Camp David. pp. 221-4,238-40; Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 169-70; Weizman, pp. 344-5, 358, 366-7; Kamel, pp. 303, 306-7, 323-5, 354-6, 360 n. 2; Riad, p. 321. 274. Carter, pp. 328-9, 333, 336-7, 340,373-5,385-7; Vance, pp. 220, 222, 224; Brzezinski, pp. 260, 268; Quandt, Camp David, pp. 220, 233-5, 240, 243-4, 246, 256; Kamel, pp. 302-5, 311, 319-20, 325, 329-30, 332-4, 344-6, 372; Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 161-8, 175; Weizman, pp. 324-5, 351-5, 363-5. The text of the Egyptian proposal is in Kamel, pp. 385-9; Quandt, Camp David, gives both the Egyptian and US proposals, pp. 356-75. 275. Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 176-7; Weizman, pp. 356-7,360,370; Kamel, pp. 305,307-9; Carter, pp. 357,359-60,365-6,396-7; Brzezinski, p. 257; Quandt, Camp David, pp. 225,245. Notes and References to pp. 357-62 and 394-7 487

276. Carter, pp. 334,337,340,349,376; Vance, p. 221; Brzezinski, p. 261; Quandt, Camp David, pp. 231-2. 277. Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 165,181-8; Carter, pp. 348,366-7,397,408; Vance, pp. 225, 228-9, 231; Quandt, Camp David, pp. 247-50,253; Kamel, p. 316. 278. Carter, pp. 398-9, 408; Vance, pp. 225-6; Quandt, Camp David, pp. 246, 251-2; Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 177-9; Weizman, p. 377. 279. Carter, p. 402; Vance, p. 227; Kamel, pp. 353,358,363-9,375-8,381; Riad, pp. 321-2; Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 180, 188. 280. Riad, p. 334. 281. SCOR, 33rd year, 2089th mtg (6 October 1978); SC res. 436 (SI12883); 34th year, 2113rd mtg (19 January 1979); SC res. 444 (S/13042); 2123rd-2128th, 2131st, and 2134th mtgs (9-22 March 1979); SC res. 446 (S/13171/Rev. 2), 22 March 1979. 282. SCOR, 34th year, Supplement for July-September 1979, pp. 16-58, S/13450 and Add. 1. 283. Carter, p. 416; Vance, p. 245; Brzezinski, p. 281; Quandt, Camp David, p. 300. 284. Carter, pp. 415, 421-2; Vance, pp. 243, 247-8; Quandt, Camp David, pp. 307-8; Dayan, Breakthrough, p. 273. 285. SCOR, 34th year, Supplement for October-December 1979, p. 75, S/13468. 286. The rather uninformative reports of this operation may be obtained from the Office of Public Affairs, Multinational Force and Observers, CP 642, 00187 Rome, . 287. Vance, p. 244. 288. Search for Peace . .. , pp. 214-5, 230, 321; Carter, pp. 427-8; Vance, p. 252; Brzezinski, pp. 287-8; Quandt, Camp David, p. 313; Dayan, Breakthrough, pp. 280-1; Weizman, p. 382.

5 The Elusive Peace

1. See the cable from the Arab League, 15 May 1948, in SCOR, 3rd year. Supplement for May 1948, pp. 83-8, S1745. 2. Trygve Lie, In the cause of peace, pp. 166, 173-5. 3. Avi Shlaim, Collusion across the Jordan. 4. SCOR, 3rd year, 253rd mtg (24 February 1948), pp. 271-2; 261st mtg (3 March 1948), pp. 402-3. 5. Ibid., Special Supplement no. 2, pp. 20-8, S/695; GAOR, 2nd special session, Supplement no. 1, pp. 35-6, A/532, paras. 3-5; Lie, pp. 163-7; Shlaim, p. 218. 6. Genesis 15: 18. 7. David Ben-Gurion, Israel: a personal history, New York, Funk and Wagnalls, 1971, pp. 76-7; Ben-Gurion, Israel: Years of Challenge, New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1963, pp. 40-1; GAOR, 3rd session, Supplement no. 11, A/648, p. 6; para. 11; Sune P. Persson, Mediation and , p. 255; Lie, p. 195; Constantine K. Zurayk, The Meaning of the Disaster, Beirut, Khayat's, 1956, p. 67; Mohamed Sid-Ahmed, After the guns fall silent, London, Croom Helm, 1976, pp. 75-6; Shlaim, p. 217. 8. FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2. 1976, p. 9g9. 9. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for January-March 1948, pp. 14-24, AlAe. 21/13; Lie, p. 168. 10. Sydney D. Bailey, 'Non-official mediation in disputes: reflections on Quaker experience', International Affairs, vol. 61, no. 2 (1985), pp. 206-7; Amitzur Ilan, Bernadotte in Palestine. 1948, pp. 77, 121. 11. Bernadotte's question is in SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for June 1948, p. 77, S/823; the Syrian reply is in Folke Bernadotte, To Jerusalem, pp. 55-6. See also 488 Notes and References to pp. 397-403

FRUS, 1948, vol. V, part 2, pp. 1086--7, 1098-9. 12. GAOR, 3rd session, Supplement no. 11, Al648, pp. 5 (para. 5), 9 (para. 9),22 (para. 2b), 26 (para. 3); SCOR, 3rd year, 333rd mtg (13 July 1948), p. 13; Bernadotte, pp. 33, 118, 131, 146. 13. Paul Mohn, 'Problems of Truce Supervision', International Conciliation, no. 478 (February 1952); Persson, p. 134; GAOR, 3rd session, Supplement no. 11, A/648, p. 43 (para. 2); SCOR, 4th year, 434th mtg (4 August 1949), pp. 27-8. 14. GAOR, 3rd session, Supplement for July 1948, p. 20, S/863 , para. 8; Sup• plement no. 11, Al648, p. 7 (para. 3); Pablo de Awirate, Mission in Palestine, 1948-52, p. 132; Persson, pp. 230-1, 236, 247-8, 253, 259; Lie, pp. 187-8; Mordechai Gazit, 'Mediation and Mediators, p. 85. 15. SCOR, 3rd year, Supplement for October 1948, p. 61, para. 18 of S/1042; Supplement for November 1948, pp. 3-5, SI1064; 367th mtg (19 October 1948), p. 38 (SI1044); 374th mtg (28 October 1948), pp. 5-6; 376th mtg (4 November 1948), p. 31; SC res. 61/SI1070), 4 November 1948. 16. SCOR, 3rd year, 378th mtg (9 November 1948), p. 63 (S/1076); 379th mtg (10 November 1948), p. 64 (S/1077); 381st mtg (16 November 1948), pp. 52-5; SC res. 62 (S/1080), 16 November 1948. 17. Lie, p. 192; Azcarate, p. 114; Walter Eytan, The First Ten Years, pp. 30, 50; Shabtai Rosenne, Israel's Armistice Agreements with Arab States: A Judicial Interpretation, Tel Aviv, Blumstein'S, 1951, p. 87; Abba Eban, An Autobiogra• phy, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1978, p. 148; Moshe Dayan, Story of my life, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1976, pp. 139-40; James G. McDo• nald, My Mission in Israel, London, Gollancz, 1951, pp. 60, 158; Saadia Touval, The Peace Brokers, p. 323; Janice Gross Stein, 'Fundamentals of Peacemaking', in Marantz and Stein, pp. 222-3; Stein, 'The alchemy of peacemaking', p. 538. 18. GAOR, 3rd session, Supplement no. 11, Al648, pp. 18-9 (para. 4k); GA res. 194 (111), 11 December 1948; FRUS, 1948, vol. V part 2, p. 1663; David Forsythe, United Nations Peacemaking, pp. 37-8. 19. Azcarate, pp. 157, 166--71; Eytan, pp. 30, 48; James G. McDonald, My mission in Israel, 1948-1951, London, Gollancz, 1951, pp. 99, 159, 161-2; David For• sythe, pp. 39,42, 44, 89, 146, 170. 20. SCOR, 4th year, Supplement for August 1949, p. 6, S/1357, part III, para. 3; SC res. 73(S/1376, II), 11 August 1949. 21. Gazit, 'Mediation and Mediators', p. 86; see also Shlaim, p. 461. 22. Azcarate, pp. 134--5, 166; Forsythe, pp. 37-9; Gazit, 'Mediation and Mediators', p. 88. See also Elmore Jackson, Meeting of Minds, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1952, pp. 100-1, and my How Wars End, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1982, vol. I, pp.167-8. 23. Eytan, pp. 49-50; Touval, pp. 93-4; Gazit, 'Mediation and Mediators', pp. 86--7; Stein, 'The alchemy of peacemaking', p. 540. See also Forsythe, p. 169. 24. FRUS, 1949, vol. VI, pp. 1020, 1092, 1095, 1096, 1150; Forsythe, pp. 153-155; Stein, 'Fundamentals of Peacemaking', p. 225. 25. Lie, pp. 162-4, 166, 169, 181, 185, 187-9, 192-4. 26. Ibid., pp. 174--85. 27. Ibid., pp. 188-9, 191-2. 28. Ibid., pp. 169-71. 29. SC res. 119 (S/3719), 31 October 1956; GA res. 1000 and 1001 (ES--I), 5 and 7, November 1956. 30. GAOR, 1st emergency special session, Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 14, 19-22, Al3289, Al3302. 31. GA res. 997 (ES--I) , 2 November 1956, operative para. 5; 999 (ES--I) , Notes and References to pp. 403-8 489

4 November 1956, operative paras. 2-3; 1002 (ES-I), 7 November 1956, operat• ive para. 4; 1120 (XI), 24 November 1956, operative para. 3; 1123 (XI), 19 January 1957, operative para. 2; 1125 (XI), 2 February 1957, operative para. 4 (see supra, pp. 284-8). 32. John A. Munro and Alex I. Inglis (eds.), Memoirs fof Lester PearsonJ 1948-1957 ... , London, Gollancz, 1974, pp. 247,251; Brian Urquhart, Ham• marskjold, pp. 176, 178; Urquhart, A life in peace and war, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1987, p. 133. 33. GA res. 998 (ES-I), 1000 (ES-I), and 1001 (ES-I), 4, 5, and 7 November 1956. 34. GA res. 1125 (XI), 2 February 1957; GAOR, 11th session, 649th plenary mtg (1 February 1957), para. 154; 650th plenary mtg (2 February 1957), para. 53; 651st plenary mtg (2 February 1957), paras. 120-1, 130, 136; Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 47-51, 57-62, A/3512, A/3527 (esp. para. 8), A/3563 (Annex III); 12th session, Annexes, Agenda item 65, pp. 3,5, and 7, A/3694, paras. 15, 33. and 44; Urquhart, pp. 206-7,226. 35. GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 59-62, A/3527, para. 20 and annexed letters. 36. GAOR, 11th session, 659th plenary mtg (22 February 1957), para. 26; 666th plenary mtg (1 March 1957), paras. 18, 29; Urquhart, pp. 209-15; E. L. M. Burns, Between Arab and Israeli, London, Harrap, 1962, pp. 252-70; Christian Pineau, 1956, Suez, , Laffont, 1976, pp. 215-8; Eban, pp. 247-56; Golda Meir, My Life, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1975, p. 255; Gazit, 'Media• tion and Mediators', pp. 95-7. 37. Urquhart, pp. 198-202. 38. Urquhart, pp. 186-7,190-1; John A. Munro and Alex I. Inglis (eds.), Memoirs fof Lester PearsonJ, 1948-1957, London, Gollancz, 1974, pp. 253-4, 257-71; E. L. M. Burns, Between Arab and Israeli, London, Harrap, 1962, pp. 198-202. 39. GAOR, 11th session, Annexes, Agenda item 66, pp. 9-10 and 71, Annex to A/3375 and Annex to Al3563; GA res. 1121 (XI), 24 November 1956; Urquhart, pp. 184-5, 188-94, 218-24. 40. Urquhart, p. 189. 41. GAOR, 1st emergency special session, 1527th plenary mtg (20 June 1967), para. 6; Annexes, Agenda item 5, p. 21, A/3302, para. 9; 5th emergency special session, Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 7, 13, 15-7, A/6730, para. 12b and Al6730/Add. 3, paras. 34,45-51,64-70,74; SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, pp. 111-2, 120-1, S17896 and Corr. 1, paras. 11-12, S17906, paras. 3, 5. 42. GAOR, 5th emergency special session, 1527th plenary mtg (20 June 1967), para. 6; Annexes, Agenda item 5. p. 11, A/6730/Add. 3, para. 21; U Thant, View from the UN, p. 223. 43. Mahmoud Riad, The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East, London and New York, Quartet, 1981, p. 19; Mohamed Heikal, Nasser: the Cairo Documents, London, New English Library, 1972. p. 218; Heikal, Sphinx and Commissar, London, Collins, 1978, p. 176; GAOR, 5th emergency special session, Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 4-6, 10-1, A/6730, paras. 2, 6.3 and A/6730/Add. 3, paras. 5, 22; Indar Jit Rikhye, The Sinai Blunder, New Delhi, Oxford and IBH, 1978, pp. 19, 52, 160, 163; Thant, p. 220; Odd Bull, War and peace in the Middle East, London, Cooper, 1976, pp. 108-9. 44. Letter from George Ignatieff, 14 September 1983. 45. Thant, p. 224; Rikhye, pp. 52, 182; GAOR, 5th emergency special session, Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 11-2, A/6730/Add. 3, para. 22. 46. Ibid., p. 12, paras. 22-3, 26; SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, pp. 121-2, S17906, para. 8; Thant, p. 224. 490 Notes and References to pp. 408-16

47. Rikhye, pp. 164-5, 182. 48. Thant. p. 231. 49. Eban, pp. 324, 330; Gideon Rafael, Destination Peace, p. 140; Ramses Nassif, U Thant in New York, 1961-1971, London, Hurst, 1988, p. 80. 50. Thant, p. 481; Rikhye, pp. 68,169,178,181-2. 51. SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, p. 119, S17905; 1342nd mtg (24 May 1967), paras. 28,40-7,78-9,82-4,92-4. 52. See my The Making of Resolution 242, Nijhoff, 1985, pp. 20, 165. 53. GAOR, 5th emergency special session, Annexes, Agenda item 5, pp. 10-1, 13-4, A/6730/Add. 3, paras. 9-10, 12, 17-8,20,35--6; Oran R. Young, 'Inter• mediaries and interventionists: Third Parties in the Middle East Crisis', Inter• national Journal, vol. 23, no. 1 (Winter 1967-8), p. 58. 54. Ibid., pp. 12, 14-5, paras. 23, 37-44; Thant, pp. 224-5,479; Rikhye, pp. 55-7, 67, 177; SCOR, 22nd year, Supplement for April-June 1967, p. 120, S17906, para. 4; George Ignatieff, The Making of a Peacemonger, University of Toronto Press, c. 1985, pp. 219-22, 225. 55. See, for example, SCOR, 22nd year, 1351st mtg (8 June 1967), paras. 60, 65; 1369th mtg (24-25 October 1967), para. 40. 56. Rafael, pp. 170-1, 177-8; Eban, p. 425. 57. Lord Caradon and others, UN Security Council resolution 242, pp. 5-6. 58. George Brown, In my way, London, Gollancz, 1971, p. 14; Arthur Goldberg, The Importance of Private Negotiations', in Paths to Peace, edited by Davidson Nicol, Oxford, Pergamon, 1981, p. 118. 59. Caradon, p. 6. 60. Arthur Lall, The UN and the Middle East crisis, Press, 1968, pp. 273, 279. 61. Touval, pp. 136, 163; Saadia Touval and I. William Zartman (eds.), Inter• national Mediation in theory and practice, p. 258; Harold Saunders, The Other Walls, pp. 25--6, 121, 143-4; Jeffrey Z. Rubin (ed.), Dynamics of third party intervention, p. 149. 62. Caradon, p. 10. 63. SCOR, 26th year, Supplement for January-March 1971, p. 21, SIlOO70, para. 23. 64. SCOR, 26th year, Supplement for October-December 1971, p. 59, S1l0403-• A18541, Annex III. 65. SCOR, 23rd year, Supplement for January-March 1968, p. 21, S/8309/Add. 1, para. 3; Thant, p. 296; Touval, pp. 138, 140, 142-3, 162. 66. Gazit, 'Mediation and Mediators', p. 98; Gazit, The Peace Process, pp. 59, 125-6. 67. Ibid., p. 60. 68. Letter from Gunnar Jarring, 14 February 1989; Touval, pp. 153-4, 158; Gazit, 'Mediation and Mediators', pp. 97-8; Ovadia Soffer, The UN as Peacemaker, p.l72. 69. Rafael, p. 199; Eban, p. 473. 70. Thant, p. 329; Touval, p. 148. 71. Touval, pp. 146, 153,257; Forsythe, p. 170. 72. Gazit, The Peace Process, p. 125; Soffer, pp. 159,162,172; Rafael, p. 195. 73. Touval, p. 228. 74. Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, p. 644. 75. Ibid., p. 588 (my italics). 76. Touval, pp. 231, 234. 77. William B. Quandt, Decade of Decisions, University of California Press, 1977, p. 220; Matti Golan, The secret conversations of Henry Kissinger, New York, Notes and References to pp. 416--22 491

QuadrangleINew York Times, 1976, p. 120; Rubin, pp. 185,259, 282. 78. Kissinger, pp. 803-4; Quandt, p. 221; Rubin, pp. 220, 261, 283. 79. Touval, p. 228; Rubin, p. 282. 80. Ibid., pp. 26, 137-9, 148, 184, 191,218-9,259,274-5; Stein, 'Fundamentals of Peacemaking', p. 231; Stein, 'Structures, Strategies, and Tactics of Mediation', pp. 333-4, 342; Stein, 'The alchemy of peacemaking', pp. 547-50; Touval and Zartman, pp. 10,262; Rubin, p. 6; Gazit, 'Mediation and Mediators', pp. 102-3; Rafael, pp. 319, 324; Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. II, no. 2, p. 214. 81. Edward R. F. Sheehan, The Arabs. Israelis. and Kissinger, New York, Reader's Digest Press, 1976, p. 222; Eban, p. 559; Rabin, p. 203; Fahmy, p. 72; Rubin, pp. 186, 220, 261, 264, 275, 283; Touval, p. 226; Touval and Zartman, p. 268; Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. 111, no. 2, p. 212; Kissinger, p. 803; Forsythe, p. 154; Quandt, p. 241. 82. Touval, p. 234; Stein, 'Fundamentals of Peacemaking', pp. 231-2; Edward R. F. Sheehan, 'Step by Step in the Middle East', Foreign Policy, no. 22 (Spring 1976), p.66. 83. Kissinger, pp. 786-7,848,977,1138-41; Rafael, p. 321. 84. Touval, p. 283. 85. Anwar El-Sadat, In search of identity, London, Collins, 1978, pp. 306-8; Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith, London, Collins, 1982, p. 296; Saunders, p. 125; Kissin• ger, pp. 649, 790. 86. Saunders, pp. 33, 131; Stein, 'Structures, Strategies, and Tactics of Mediation', pp. 335-6, 338-9; P. Edward Haley, Carter's Lonesome Road to Peace: Percep• tion, Bargaining, and the Limits of Multilateral Diplomacy in the Middle East, Los Angeles Center for International and Strategic Affairs, University of Cali• fornia, 1981 (Research Note no. 6). 87. Carter, pp. 330, 345, 352, 366; Touval, pp. 299-300, 303, 305, 313-7, 319; Stein, 'Structures, Strategies, and Tactics of Mediation', pp. 331-3, 338, 340-4; Steven L. Spiegel, The Other Arab-Israeli Conflict, University of Chicago Press, 1985, pp. 324, 353. 88. Touval, pp. 299, 313, 319; Carter, pp. 365, 391; Cyrus Vance, Hard Choices, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1983, pp. 224, 226; Steven L. Spiegel, The Other Arab-Israeli Conflict, University of Chicago Press, 1985, p. 357. 89. Elmore Jackson, Middle East Mission, New York and London, Norton, 1983; Rafael, pp. 42-5. 90. David Ben-Gurion, My talks with Arab leaders, Jerusalem, Keter, 1972, pp. 284-325; Touval, pp. 120-33; Gazit, 'Mediation and Mediators', pp. 94-5; Stein, 'Fundamentals of Peacemaking', pp. 226-8. 91. Touval, pp. 165-202; Gazit, Mediation and Mediators'. pp. 100-1; Gazit, The Peace Process, pp. 42-56. 92. Touval, pp. 205-24. 93. Gazit, 'Mediation and Mediators', pp. 88-90. 94. Touval, pp. 17-8; Forsythe, p. 156; Rubin, p. 10. 95. SCOR, 4th year, Supplement for August 1949, p. 6, S11357, para. 3; SC res. 73 (SI1376, II), 11 August 1949. 96. Adam Curle, In the middle, pp. 7,33; Gazit, 'Mediation and Mediators', p. 102; Carter, p. 416; Saunders, pp. 4-5, 106. 97. Touval, p. 17. 98. Touval and Zartman, p. 251; F. S. Northedge and Michael Donelan, Inter• national Disputes, pp. 308-9. 99. Zbigniew Brzezinski, Power and Principle, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1983, p. 93; Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. XVI, no. 2 (June 1972). 492 Notes and References to pp. 422-5

p. 278; Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. III, no. 2 (Winter 1974), pp. 212,215; John W. McDonald, Jr., and Diane B. Bendahmare, Conflict Resolution: Track Two Diplomacy, p. 29; Carter, p. 379; Gazit, The Peace Process, p. 126. 100. Roland L. Warren, 'The conflict intersystem and the change agent', Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 8, no. 3 (1964), pp. 234, 236; Curle, pp. 27-8; Rubin, pp. 36, 137; McDonald and Bendahmare, p. 10. 1Ol. Gazit, 'Mediation and Mediators', p. 102; Touval and Zartman, p. 16; Rubin, pp. 12-3,37, 150, 198,288,290; Touval, pp. 10,268; Paul R. Pillar, Negotiat• ing Peace, Princeton University Press, 1983, pp. 48-51; Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. III, no. 2 (Winter 1974), p. 213; Stein, 'The alchemy of peace• making', p. 551; Stein, 'Fundamentals of Peacemaking', p. 234; Edward R. F. Sheehan, The Arabs, Israelis, and Kissinger, New York, Reader's Digest, 1976, p. 162; Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. XVI, no. 2 (June 1972), p. 150; Saunders, p. 128. 102. See, for example, Oran Young, The Intermediaries, pp. 81-2, 109,271-3,309; Northedge and Donelan, p. 299; Adam Curle, Making Peace, London, Tavi• stock, 1971, pp. 239-40. 103. Saadia Touval, 'Biased Intermediaries', Jerusalem Journal of International Relations, vol. 1, no. 1 (1975), pp. 51-69; Rubin, p. 290; Touval, pp. 12,325; Soffer, pp. 166-7; Jorgen S. Nielsen (general ed.), International Documents on Palestine, Beirut, Institute for Palestine Studies: Kuwait, University of Kuwait, 1976, pp. 307-10. 104. Rubin, pp. 21, 259; Northedge and Donelan, pp. 198-9. 105. Saunders, p. 106. 106. Touval and Zartman, pp. 13,264; Rubin, pp. 14,27,41,188,288; Oran Young, 'Intermediaries: additional thoughts on third parties', p. 57; Young, p. 110. 107. Arthur Lall, The UN and the Middle East Crisis, 1967, New York and London, Columbia University Press, 1968, p. 37; Rikhye, pp. 167-8, 180. 108. Gazit, The Peace Process, pp. 74-5. 109. Sydney D. Bailey, 'Non-official mediation in disputes: reflections on Quaker experience', International Affairs, vol. 61, no. 2 (1985), pp. 211-2; McDonald and Bendahmane, pp. 7l. 110. Ibid., pp. 35,70; Persson, pp. 139, 150,239,273,320; Forsythe, pp. 161-2. 11l. Rubin, p. 13; Touval and Zartman, p. 263; Touval, pp. 13, 18; Saadia Touval, 'Biased Intermediaries', Jerusalem Journal of International Relations, vol. 1, no. 1 (1975), pp. 61-2; Oran Young, 'Intermediaries: additional thoughts on third parties,' Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. XVI, no. 1 (1972), p. 57. 112. Ibid., pp. 59-61; Touval, p. 322; Touval and Zartman, pp. 8, 13,253; Forsythe, p. 154; Rubin, p. 19. Select Bibliographies

1947-9 'Abdallah [ibn al-Husayn] of Jordan, My Memoirs Completed [al-TakmilahJ, trans. Harold W. Glidden, Washington, DC, American Council of Learned Societies, 1954; new ed, London, Longman, 1978. AlIon, Yigal, The Making of Israel's Army, London, Valentine, Mitchell, in associa• tion with Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970. Avnery, Uri, Israel without Zionists. A Plea for Peace in the Middle East, London, Collier-Macmillan, 1968. Azcarate Y. Florez, Pablo de, Mission in Palestine, 1948-1952, trans. Teener Hall pp. 1-205, Washington, DC, Middle East Institute, 1966. Bar-Yaacov, N., The Israel-Syrian Armistice: Problems of Implementation. 1949-1966, Jerusalem, Magnes Press/London, Oxford University Press, 1967. Bar-Zohar, Michael, Ben-Gurion, trans. Peter Kidron, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1978. Begin, Menachem, The Revolt: Story of Irgun, trans. Shmuel Katz, ed. and con• densed Ivan M. Greenberg, New York, Schuman, 1951. Ben-Gurion, David, Rebirth and Destiny of Israel, ed. and trans. under the supervi• sion of Mordekhai Nurock, New York, Philosophical Library, 1954. Ben-Gurion, David, Israel: Years of Challenge, New York, Holt, 1963. Ben-Gurion, David, Israel: A Personal History, trans. Nechemia Meyers and Uzy Nystar, New York, Funk and WagnaJlsffel Aviv, Books, 1971. Bernadotte, Folke, To Jerusalem, trans. Joan Bulman, London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1951. Bernadotte's Report (GAOR, 3rd session, Supplement no. 11, A/638). Bilby, Kenneth W., New Star in the East, New York, Doubleday, 1950. Bovis, H. Eugene, The Jerusalem Question, 1917-1968, Stanford, California, Hoover Institution, 1971. Brecher, Michael, The Foreign Policy System of Israel: Setting, Images, Process, London, Oxford University Press, 1972. Brook, David, Preface to Peace: the United Nations and the Arab-Israel Armistice System, Washington, DC, Public Affairs Press, 1964. Bull, Odd, War and Peace in the Middle East: The Experiences and Views of a U. N. Observer, London, Cooper, 1976. Burns, E. L. M., Between Arab and Israeli, London, Harrapfforonto, Clarke, Irwin, 1962. Cattan, Henry, Palestine, the Arabs and Israel: The Search for Justice, London, Longman, 1969. Cattan, Henry, Palestine and International Law: The Legal Aspects of the Arab• Israeli Conflict, London, Longman, 1973. Clifford, Clark M., 'Recognizing Israel', American Heritage, vol. 28, no. 3 (April 1977). Cohen, Aharon, Israel and the Arab World, trans. Aubrey Hodes, Naomi Handel• man, and Miriam Shimeoni, New York, Funk and Wagnalls, 1970. Collins, Larry, and Lapierre, Dominique, 0 Jerusalem! New York, Simon and Schuster, 1972. Daniels, Jonathan, The Man of Independence, New York, Lippincott, 1950. Dayan, Moshe, Story of my Life, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1976. Eban, Abba, An Autobiography, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1978. 493 494 Select Bibliography, 1947

Eytan, Walter, The First Ten Years: A Diplomatic History of Israel, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1958. Flaphan, Simha, The Birth of Israel: myths and realities, London, Croom Helm, 1986. Forsythe, David, Humanitarian Politics: The International Committee of the Red Cross, Baltimore and London, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977. Gabbay, Rony E., A Political Study of the Arab-Jewish Conflict: the Arab refugee problem, Geneva, Droz: Paris, Minard, 1959. Garcia-Granados, Jorge, The Birth of Israel: The Drama as I saw It, New York, Knopf,1949. Glubb, John Bagot, A Soldier with the Arabs, London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1957. Goldmann, Nahum, Memories, the Autobiography of Nahum Goldmann . .. (pub• lished in the United States as Sixty Years of Jewish Life), trans. Helen Sebba, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970. Hadawi, Sami, Palestine: Loss of a Heritage, San Antonio, Texas, Naylor, 1963. Hadawi, Sami, Bitter Harvest: Palestine between 1916-1967, New York, New World Press, 1967. Hadawi, Sami, The Arab-Israel Conflict (Cause and Effect), Beirut, Institute for Palestine Studies, 1969 (Monograph series no. 4). Hassouna, Hussein A., The League of Arab States and Regional Disputes: A Study of Middle East Conflicts, New York, OceanaJLeiden, Sijthoff, 1975. Hurewitz, J. C., The Struggle for Palestine, New York, Norton, 1950. International Committee of the Red Cross in Palestine, Geneva, International Com• mittee of the Red Cross, 1948. Israel and the United Nations, prepared by a study group of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, New York, Manhattan Publishing, 1956 (under the auspices of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace). Jessup, Philip, The Birth of Nations, New York and London, Columbia University Press, 1974. John, Robert, and Hadawi, Sami, (eds) , The Palestine Diary, vol. 2, 1945-1948, Beirut, Palestine Research Center, 1970. Joseph, Dov, The FaithfuL City: the Siege of Jerusalem, 1948, London, Hogarth Press, 1962. Kadi, Leila S., Arab Summit Conferences and the Palestine Problem (1936-1950), (1~1966), Beirut, Palestine Liberation Organization, 1966. Katz, Samuel, Days of Fire, New York, Doubleday, 1968. Khouri, Fred J., The Arab-Israeli Dilemma, 2nd ed, Syracuse, NY, Syracuse University Press, 1976. Kimche, Jon, Seven Fallen Pillars: the Middle East, 1948-1952, London, Secker and Warburg, 1953. Kimche, Jon, and Kimche, David, Both Sides of the Hill: Britain and the Palestine War (published in the United States as Clash of Destinies), London, Secker and Warburg, 1960. Kirkbride, Alec, From the Wings: Amman Memoirs 1947-1951, London, Cass, 1976. Krammer, Arnold, The Forgotten Friendship: Israel and the Soviet Bloc, 1947-53, Chicago and London, University of Illinois Press, 1974. Kurzman, Dan, Genesis 1948: The First Arab-Israeli War, New York, World Publishing, 1970. Levin, Harry, Jerusalem Embattled: A Diary of the City under Siege, March 25th, 1948 to July 18th, 1948, London, GoUancz, 1950; published in the United States by Schocken, New York, under the title I saw the Battle of Jerusalem. Select Bibliography, 1956-7 495

Lie, Trygve, In the Cause of Peace, New York, Macmillan, 1954. Lorch, Netanel, The Edge of the Sword: Israel's War of Independence, 1947-1949, New York and London, Putnam's, 1961. McDonald, James G., My Mission in Israel, 1948-1951, London, Gollancz, 1951. Mattar, Philip, The Mufti ofJerusalem, New York, Columbia University Press, 1988. Meir, Golda, My Life, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1975. Meron, Theodor, 'The Demilitarization of Mount Scopus: A Regime that Was', israel Law Review, vol. III, no. 4 (1968). Mohn, Paul, 'Jerusalem and the United Nations', International Conciliation, no. 464 (October 1950). Morris, Benny, The birth of the Palestinian refugee problem, 1947-1949, Cambridge University Press, 1987. Nasser, Gamal Abdul, 'Memoirs of the First Palestine War', Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. II, no. 2 (Winter 1973), pp. 3-32. Neguib, Mohammed, with Leigh White, Egypt's Destiny, London, Gollancz, 1955. O'Baliance, Edgar, The Arab-Israeli War, 1948, London, Faber, 1956. Organization and Procedure of United Nations Commissions: memoranda by the Secretary-General submitted to the Interim Committee of the General Assembly, nos. VII, IX, and X; UN Palestine Commission, Truce Commission for Palestine, Mediator (and Acting Mediator) for Palestine, 1949 and 1950. Peres, Shimon, David's Sling, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970. Qawuqji, Fauzi al-, 'Memoirs, 1948', Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. I, no. 4 (Summer 1972), pp. 27-58 and vol. II, no. 1 (Autumn 1972), pp. 3-33. Reynier, Jacques de, A Jerusalem un drapeau jlottait sur la ligne de feu. Neuchatel, Histoire et Societe d' Aujourd'hui, 1950. Rodinson, Maxime, Israel and the Arabs, trans. Michael Perl, Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1968. Rosenne, Shabtai, Israel's Armistice Agreements with the Arab States: A Judicial Interpretation, Tel Aviv, Blumstein'S, 1951 (for the Israel Branch of the Interna• tional Law Association). Sharef, Zeev, Three Days, trans. Julian Louis Meltzer, London, Allen, 1962. Shlaim, Avi, Collusion across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement, and the Partition of Palestine, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1988. Truman, Harry S., Memoirs, vol. II, Years of Trial and Hope, London, Hodder and StoughtonlNew York, Doubleday, 1956. Weisgal, M. W., and Carmichael, J. (eds), Chaim Weizmann, New York, Athe• neum,1963. Zurayk, Constantine K., The Meaning of the Disaster, trans. by R. Bayly Winder, under the auspices of the American Council of Learned Societies, Beirut, Khay• at's, 1956.

195~7

'Abdallah [ibn al-HusaynJ, King of Jordan, My Memoirs Completed [al-Takmilah], trans. Harold W. Glidden, Washington, DC, American Council of Learned Societies, 1954. Adams, Sherman, Firsthand report: the story of the Eisenhower administration, New York, Harper, 1981. Aldrich, Winthrop W., 'The Suez Crisis', Foreign Affairs, vol. 45, no. 3 (April 1967). Allon, Yigal, The Making of Israel's Army, London, Valentine, Mitchell, in associa• tion with Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970. Azcarate y Flores, Pablo de, Mission in Palestine, 1948-1952, trans. Teener Hall, 496 Select Bibliography, 1956-7

Washington, DC, Middle East Institute, 1966. Azeau, H, Le Piege de Suez, 5 Novembre, Paris, Laffont, 1964. Baeyens, Jacques, Un Coup d'epee dans l'eau du Canal: la seconde campagne d' Egypte, Paris, Fayard, 1976. Bailey, Sydney D., Voting in the Security Council, Bloomington and London, Indiana University Press, 1969. Barker, A. J., Suez: the Seven Day War, London, Faber, 1964. Bar-Yaacov, N., The Israel-Syrian Armistice: Problems of Implementation, 1949--1966, Jerusalem, Magnes Press/London, Oxford University Press, 1967. Bar-Zohar, Michael, The Armed Prophet: A Biography of Ben-Gurion, trans. Len Ortzen, London, Arthur Barker, 1967. Bar-Zohar, Michael, Ben-Gurion, trans. Peter Kidron, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1978. Beaufre, Andre, The Suez Expedition 1956, trans. Richard Barry, London, Faber, 1969. Ben-Gurion, David, Israel: Years of Challenge, New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1963. Ben-Gurion, David, Israel: A Personal History, trans. Nechemia Meyers and Uzy Nystar, New York, Funk and Wagnallsffel Aviv, Sabra Books, 1971. Ben-Gurion, David, My Talks with Arab leaders, trans. Aryeh Rubinstein and Misha Louvish, ed. Misha Louvish, Jerusalem, Keter Books, 1972. Bohlen, Charles E., Witness to History, 1929-1969, New York, Norton, 1973. Bowett, D. W., United Nations Forces: A Legal Study of United Nations Practice, London, Stevens, 1964 (under the auspices of the David Davies Memorial Insti• tute ). Bowie, Robert R., Suez 1956, London, Oxford University Press, 1974 (under the auspices of the American Society of International Law). Brecher, Michael, The Foreign Policy System of Israel: Setting, Images, Process, London, Oxford University Press, 1972. Brecher, Michael, Decisions in Israel's Foreign Policy, London, Oxford University Press, 1974. Bromberger, Merry and Bromberger, Serge, Secrets of Suez, trans. James Cameron, London, Pan and Sidgwick and Jackson, 1957. Brook, David, Preface to Peace: The United Nations and the Arab-Israel Armistice System, Washington, DC, Public Affairs Press, 1964. Bull, Odd, War and Peace in the Middle East: The Experiences and Views of a U.N. Observer, London, Cooper, 1976. Burns, E. L. M., Between Arab and Israeli, London, Harrapfforonto, Clarke, Irwin, 1962. Cattan, Henry, Palestine, the Arabs and Israel: The Search for Justice, London, Longman, 1969. Clark, William, From Three Worlds, London, Sidgwick and Jackson, 1986. Comay, Michael, u.N. Peace-keeping in the Israel-Arab Conflict, 1948-1975: An Israel Critique, Jerusalem, Leonard David Institute for International Relations, 1976 (Jerusalem Papers on Peace Problems, nos. 17-18). Cooper, Chester L., The Lion's Last Roar: Suez, 1956, New York and London, Harper and Row, 1956. Dayan, Moshe, Diary of the Sinai Campaign, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1966. Dayan, Moshe, Story of my Life, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1976. Dixon, Piers, Double Diploma, London, Hutchinson, 1968. Dupuy, Trevor N., Elusive Victory: the Arab-Israeli Wars, 1947-1974, London, Macdonald and James, 1978. Select Bibliography, 1956-7 497

Eban, Abba, An Autobiography, New York, Random House, 1977. Eden, Anthony, Full Circle, London, Cassell, 1960. Egypt and the United Nations, New York, Manhattan Publishing, 1957 (under the auspices of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace). Eisenhower, Dwight D., Waging Peace, 1956-1961, New York, Doubleday, 1965. Ely, Paul, Memoires: Suez . .. Ie 13 Mai, Paris, Pion, 1969. Epstein, Leon D., British Politics in the Suez Crisis, London, Pall MalllUrbana, Ill., University of Illinois Press, 1964. Eveland, Wilbur Crane, Ropes of Sand: America's Failure in the Middle East, New York and London, Norton, 1980. Eytan, Walter, The First Ten Years: A Diplomatic History of Israel, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1958. Finer, Herman, Dulles over Suez: The Theory and Practice of Diplomacy, Chicago, Quadrangle Books, 1964. Forsythe, David P., United Nations Peacemaking: The Conciliation Commission for Palestine, Baltimore and London, Johns Hopkins University Press, in co• operation with the Middle East Institute, 1972. Fullick, Roy, and Geoffrey Powell, Suez: the Double War, London, Hamish Hamilton, 1979. Glassman, John D., Arms for the Arabs: The Soviet Union and War in the Middle East, Baltimore and London, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975. Glubb, John, A Soldier with the Arabs, London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1957. Goldmann, Nahum, Memories; The Autobiography of Nahum Goldmann . .. (pub• lished in the United States as Sixty Years of Jewish Life), trans. Helen Sebba, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970. Hadawi, Sami, Bitter Harvest: Palestine between 1914 and 1967, New York, New World Press, 1967. Hammarskjold, Dag, Markings, trans. W. H. Auden and Leif Sjoberg, London, Faber, 1964. Hassouna, Hussein A., The League of Arab States and Regional Disputes: A Study of Middle East Conflicts, New York, OceanaiLeiden, Sijthoff, 1975. Heikal, Mohamed H., Cutting the lion's tail: Suez through Egyptian eyes, London, Deutsch, 1986. Heikal, Mohamed, Nasser: The Cairo Documents, London, New English Library, 1972. Heikal, Mohamed, The Road to Ramadan, London, CollinslNew York, Quadrangle, 1975. Heikal, Mohamed, Sphinx and Commissar: The Rise and Fall of Soviet Influence in the Arab World, London, Collins, 1978. Hoopes, Townsend, The Devil and , London, Deutsch, 1974. Horn, Carl von, Soldiering for Peace, London, Cassell, 1966. Hughes, Emmet John, The Ordeal of Power, New York, Atheneum, 1963. Hutchinson, E. H., Violent Truce: A Military Observer Looks at the Arab-Israel Conflict, 1951-1955, New York, Devin-Adair, 1956. Israel and the United Nations, New York, Manhattan Publishing, 1956 (under the auspices of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace). Johnson, Paul, The Suez War, London, MacGibbon and Kee, 1959. Keightley, Charles, Operations in Egypt, Supplement to the London Gazette no. 41172, 10 September 1957, pp. 5327-37. Khouri, Fred J., The Arab-Israeli Dilemma, Syracuse, NY, University Press, 1968. Khrushchev, Nikita, Khrushchev Remembers, trans. Strobe Talbot, London, Sphere, 1971. Kirkbride, Alec, From the Wings: Amman Memoirs 1947-1951, London, Cass, 1976. 498 Select Bibliography, 1967

Krammer, Arnold, The Forgotten Friendship: Israel and the Soviet Bloc, 1947-53, Chicago and London, University of Illinois Press, 1974. Lamb, Richard, The Failure of the Eden Government, London, Sidgwick and Jackson, 1987. Lloyd, Selwyn, Suez 1956, A Personal Account, London, Cape, 1978. Lodge, Henry Cabot, The Storm has Many Eyes, New York, Norton, 1973. Logan, Donald, 'Collusion at Suez', Financial Times, 8 November 1986. Love, Kennett, Suez: The Twice-Fought War, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1969. Luttwak, Edward and Horowitz, Dan, The Israeli Army, London, Allen Lane, 1975. Macmillan, Harold, Riding the Storm, 1956-1959, London, Macmillan, 1971. McDonald, James G., My Mission in Israel, 1948-1951, London, Gollancz, 1951. Massu, Jacques, with the collaboration of Henri Ie Mire, Verite sur Suez 1956, Paris, Pion, 1978. Meir, Golda, My Life, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1975. Menzies, Robert Gordon, Afternoon Light: Some Memories of Men and Events, London, Cassell, 1967. Moncrieff, Anthony (ed.), Suez Ten Years After, London, BBC, 1967. Murphy, Robert, Diplomat among Warriors, New York, Doubleday/London, Col- lins, 1964. Neff, Donald, Warriors at Suez, New York, Linden Press/Simon and Schuster, 1981. Nutting, Anthony, No end of a Lesson, London, Constable, 1967. O'Ballance, Edgar, The Sinai Campaign, 1956, London, Faber, 1959. Pearson, Lester, Memoirs, vol. II, 1948-1957: The International Years, ed. John A. Munro and Alex I. Inglis, London, Gollancz, 1974. Peres, Shimon, David's Sling, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970. Pineau, Christian, 1956 Suez, Paris, Laffont, 1976. Rhodes James, Robert, Anthony Eden, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1986. Robertson, Terence, Crisis: The Inside Story of the Suez Conspiracy, London, Hutchinson, 1965. Shlaim, Avi, Collusion across the Jordan, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1988. Shuck burgh , Evelyn, Descent to Suez: diaries 1951-56 (entries selected by John Charmley), London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1986. Spaak, Paul-Henri, The Continuing Battle, trans. Ray Stedding and Henry Fox, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1971. Thomas, Abel, Comment /sraiN fut sauve: les secrets de ['expedition de Suez, Paris, Albin Michel, 1978. Thomas, Hugh, The Suez Affair, 2nd edn, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, Penguin, 1970. Trevelyan, Humphrey, The Middle East in Revolution, London, Macmillan, 1970. Urquhart, Brian, Hammarskjold, London, Bodley Head, 1972. Ya'ari, Ehud, Egypt and the Fedayeen, 1953-1956 (Hebrew, with English summary), Givat Haviva, Israel, Center for Arab and Afro-Asian Studies, 1975. Young, Peter, Bedouin Command: With the Arab Legion 1953-1956, London, Kimber, 1956.

1967

Abu-Lughod, Ibrahim, The Arab-Israeli Confrontation of June 1967: An Arab Perspective, Evanston, Ill., Northwestern University Press, 1970. Aron, Raymond, De Gaulle, Israel et les Juifs, Paris, Pion, 1968. Bar-Zohar, Michael, Embassies in Crisis: Diplomats and Demagogues Behind the Six-Day War, Translated by Monroe Stearns. Englewood, N.J., Prentice Hall, 1971. Select Bibliography, 1967 499

Be'eri, Eliezer, Army Officers in Arab Politics and Society, translated by Dov Ben-Abba, Jerusalem, Israel Universities Press, 1969: London, Pall Mall: New York, Praeger, 1970. Ben-Gurion, David, Israel: a personal history, translated by Nechemia Meyers and Uzy Nystar. New York, Funk and Wagnalls: Tel Aviv, Sabra Books, 1971. Brecher, Michael, Decisions in Israel's Foreign Policy, London, Oxford University Press, 1974. Brown, George, In my way, London, Gollancz, 1971. Bull, Odd, War and Peace in the Middle East: The Experiences and Views of a U.N. Observer, London, Cooper, 1976. Burdett, Winston, Encounter with the Middle East: An Intimate Report on What Lies Behind the Arab-Israeli Conflict, New York, Atheneum, 1969. Caradon, [Lord] Hugh, and others, U.N. Security Council resolution 242: a case study in diplomatic ambiguity, Washington, D.C., Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, 1981. Castle, Barbara, The Castle Diaries 1964-70, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1984. Christman, Henry M. (ed.), The State Papers of Levi Eshkol, New York, Funk and Wagnalls, 1969. Churchill, Randolph S., and Winston S. Churchill, The Six Day War, London, Heinemann (distributed by Penguin), 1967. Comay, Michael, u.N. Peace-Keeping in the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948-1975: An Israeli Critique, Jerusalem, Leonard Davis Institute for International Relations, 1976 (Jerusalem Papers on Peace Problems nos. 17-18). Crossman, Richard, The Diaries of a Cabinet Minister, vol. 2, London, Hamish Hamilton and Jonathan Cape: New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1976. Dagan, Avigdor, Moscow and Jerusalem: Twenty years of relations between Israel and the Soviet Union, New York and London, Abelard-Schuman, 1970. Dayan, Moshe, Story of my life, New York, Morrow, 1976. [The British edition, published by Weidenfeld and Nicolson in 1976, has different pagination.] Draper, Theordor, Israel and World Politics: Roots of the Third Arab-Israeli War, New York, Viking, 1968. Eban, Abba, An Autobiography, New York, Random House, 1977: London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1978. Ennes, James M, Assault on the Liberty: The True Story of the Israeli attack on an American Intelligence Ship, New York, Random House, 1979. Fahmy, Ismail, Negotiating for Peace in the Middle East, London, Croom Helm, 1983. Farra, Muhammad EI-, Years of no decision, London and New York, KPI, 1987. Glassman, Jon D, Arms for the Arabs: The Soviet Union and War in the Middle East, Baltimore and London, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975. Glubb, Sir John Bagot, The Middle East Crisis: a personal interpretation, London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1967. Goulding, Phil G, Confirm or Deny: Informing the People on National Security, New York and London, Harper and Row, 1970. Green Stephen, Taking Sides: America's secret relations with a militant Israel, New York, Morrow, 1984. Heikal, Mohamed, Nasser: The Cairo Documents, London, New English Library, 1972. Heikal, Mohamed, Sphinx and Commissar: The Rise and Fall of Soviet Influence in the Arab World, London, Collins, 1978. Herzog, Chaim, The Arab-Israeli Wars, London, Arms and Armour Press, 1982. Howard, Michael, and Robert Hunter, Israel and the Arab World: The Crisis of 500 Select Bibliography, 1967

1967, London, Institute for Strategic Studies, 1967 (Adelphi Paper no. 41). Howe, Jonathan Trumbull, Multicrises: sea power and global politics in the missile age, Cambridge, Mass. and London, MIT Press, 1971. Hussein of Jordan, [King], My 'War' with Israel, as told to and with additional material by Vick Vance and Pierre Lauer, translated by June P. Wilson and Walter B. Michaels. London, Peter Owen, 1969. Ignatieff, George, in association with Sonja Sinclair, The Making of a Peacemonger, Toronto and London, University of Toronto Press, c. 1985. Jabber, Fuad A. (ed.), International Documents on Palestine 1967, Beirut, Institute for Palestine Studies, 1970. Johnson, Lyndon Baines, The Vantage Point, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1972: New York, Rinehart and Winston, 1971. Kaplan, Stephen S, Diplomacy of Power: Soviet Armed Forces as a Politicallnstru• ment, Washington, D.C., Brookings, 1981. Kass, llana, Soviet Involvement in the Middle East: Policy Formulation, 1966-1973, Boulder, Col., Westview: Folkestone, Dawson, 1978. Khouri, Fred J, The Arab-Israeli Dilemma, Syracus N.Y., Syracuse University Press, 1968. Kimche, David, and Dan Bawly, The Sandstorm: The Arab-Israeli war of June 1967: prelude and aftermath, London, Secker and Warburg, 1968. Kollek, Teddy and Amos, For Jerusalem, New York, Random House, 1978. Lall, Arthur, The UN and the Middle East Crisis 1967, New York and London, Columbia University Press, 1968. Laqueur, Walter, The Road to War, 1967: The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, London Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968. Meir, Golda, My Life, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1975. Middle East Record, vol. 3, 1967, Jerusalem, Israel Universities Press, 1971 (for the Shiloah Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, Tel-Aviv University). Mutawi, Samir A, Jordan in the 1967 war, Cambridge University Press, 1987. Nassif, Ramses, U Thant in New York, 1961-1971, London, Hurst, 1988. Neff, Donald, Warriors for Jerusalem: The Six Days that changed the Middle East, New York, Linden Press/Simon and Schuster, 1984. Nutting, Anthony, Nasser, London, Constable, 1972. O'Baliance, Edgar, The Third Arab-Israeli War, London, Faber: Hamden, Conn., Archon Books, 1972. Peres, Shimon, David's Sling, London Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1970. Peri, Yoram, Between battles and ballots: Israeli military in politics, Cambridge University Press, 1983. Quandt, William B, Decade of Decisions: American Policy Toward the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1967-1976, Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London, University of California Press, 1977. Rabin, Yitzhak, The Rabin Memoirs, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson: Boston Mass., Little Brown, 1979. Rafael, Gideon, Destination Peace: Three Decades of Israeli Foreign Policy. A Personal Memoir, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981. Riad, Mahmoud, The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East, London and New York, Quartet, 1981. Rikhye, Indar Jit, The Sinai Blunder, New Delhi, Oxford and IBH Publishing, 1978: London, Casso 1980. Rodinson, Maxime, Israel and the Arabs, translated by Michael Perl. Harmonds• worth, Middlesex, Penguin, 1968. Rostow, Eugene V, Peace in the Balance: The Future of American Foreign Policy, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1972. Select Bibliography, 1973 501

Roth, Stephen J. (ed.), The impact of the Six-Day War: a twenty-year assessment, London, Macmillan, 1988, in association with the Institute of Jewish Affairs. Rouleau, Eric, and others, Israel et les Arabes: Ie 3e combat, Paris, Seuil, 1967. Sadat, Anwar el-, In search of identity, London, Collins, 1978. Safran, Nadav, Israel: the embattled ally, Cambridge Mass. and London, Belknap Press ( Press), 1978. Select Chronology and Background Documents on the Middle East, 91st Congress, 1st session, Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 1969. Shevchenko, Arkady, Breaking with Moscow, London, Cape, 1985. Thant, U [Maung], View from the UN, London and Newton Abbot, David and Charles, 1978. Whetten, Lawrence L, The Arab-Israeli Dispute: Great Power Behavior, London, International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1977 (Adelphi Paper no. 128). Wilson, Harold, The Chariot of Israel: Britain, America and the State of Israel, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson and Michael Joseph, 1981. Wilson, Harold, The Labour Government, 1964-1970, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, Pelican paperback, 1971. Yost, Charles W, 'How it began', Foreign Affairs, Vol. 46 no. 2 (January 1968), pp. 304-320. Yost, Charles W, The Conduct and Misconduct of Foreign Affairs, New York, Random House, 1972. Young, Peter, The Israeli Campaign 1967, London, Kimber, 1967.

1973

Adan, Avraham (Bren), On the banks of the Suez: an Israeli general's personal account of the Yom Kippur war, London, Arms and Armour, 1980. Agranat, Shimon, Reports of the Commission of Inquiry, 1 April 1974 (cited as Agranat I), 10 July 1974, and 30 January 1975 (cited as Agranat III). Aronson, Shlomo, Conflict and bargaining in the Middle East: An Israeli perspective, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Aruri, Naseer H. (ed.), Middle East Crucible: studies on the Arab-Israeli War of October 1973, Wilmette, Ill., Medina University Press, 1975. Badri, Hassan el, and others, The Ramadan War, 1973, Virginia, Dupuy Associates, 1978. Barker, A. J., Yom Kippur War, New York, Ballantine, 1978. Bar-Siman-Tov, Yaacov, The Israeli-Egyptian War of Attrition, 1969-1970, Colum• bia University Press, 1980. Bar-Yaacov, Nissim, 'Keeping the Peace Between Egypt and Israel 1973-80', Israel Law Review, Vol. 15, no. 2 (April 1980), pp. 197-268. Brecher, Michael, with Benjamin Geist, Decisions in Crisis: Israel, 1967 and 1973, Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London, University of California Press, 1980. Brzezinski, Zbigniew, Power and Principle: memoirs of a national security advisor, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1983. Buckley, William F., Jr., United Nations Journal, London, Michael Joseph, 1975. Carter, Jimmy, Keeping faith: Memoirs of a President, London, Collins, 1982. Comay, Michael, UN Peace-keeping in the Israel-Arab Conflict, 1948-75: An Israel critique, Jerusalem, Hebrew University, 1976 (Jerusalem Papers on Peace Prob• lems nos. 17-8). Dan, Uri, Sharon's Bridgehead, Tel Aviv, E. L. Special Edition, 1975. Davis, Moshe, The Yom Kippur War: Israel and the Jewish People, New York, Arno, 1974. Dayan, Moshe, Story of my life, New York, Morrow, 1976. 502 Select Bibliography, 1973

Dayan, Moshe, Breakthrough: a personal account of the Egypt-Israel peace nego• tiations, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981. Dupuy, Trevor N., Elusive Victory: the Arab-Israeli Wars, 1947-1974, London, Macdonald and James, 1978. Eban, Abba, An Autobiography, New York, Random House, 1977: London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1978. Fahmy, Ismail, Negotiating for peace in the Middle East, London, Croom Helm, 1983. Farra, Muhammad El, Years of no decision, London and New York, KPI, 1987. Farrar-Hockley, A. H. [and Elizabeth Monroe], The Arab-Israel War, October 1973: Background and events, London, International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1974-75 (Adelphi Paper no. 111). Ford, Gerald R., A Time to Heal, London, Allen, 1979. Freedman, Robert 0., Soviet policy towards the Middle East since 1970, London and New York, Praeger, 1975. Gazit, Mordechai, 'Mediation and Mediators', Jerusalem Journal of International Relations, Vol. 5, No.4 (1981), pp. 80-104. Gazit, Mordechai, The Peace Process 1969-1973: efforts and contacts, Jerusalem, Hebrew University, 1983 (Jerusalem Papers on Peace Problems no. 35). Glassman, Jon D., Arms for the Arabs: The Soviet Union and War in the Middle East, Baltimore and London, Johns Hopkins University Press, c. 1985. Golan, Galia, Yom Kippur and After: the Soviet Union and the Middle East Crisis, Cambridge University Press, 1977 (cited as Galia Golan). Golan, Matti, The Secret Conversations of Henry Kissinger: Step-by·Step diplomacy in the Middle East, tr. by Ruth Geyra Stern and Sol Stern, New York, Quad• ranglelNew York Times, 1976 (cited as Matti Golan). Handel, Michael I., Perception, Deception and Surprise: the case of the Yom Kippur War, Jerusalem, Hebrew University, 1976 (Jerusalem Papers on Peace Problems no. 19). Heikal, Mohamed, The Road to Ramadan, London, Collins, 1975. Helmensdorfer, Erich, The Great Crossing: the new spirit of Egypt, Starn berger See (German Federal Republic), R. S. Schulz, 1975. Herzog, Chaim, The War of Atonement, London, Weidenfe1d and Nicolson, 1975. Horowitz, Dan, Israel's Concept of Defensible Borders, Jerusalem, Hebrew Univer- sity, 1975 (Jerusalem Papers on Peace Problems no. 16). International Symposium on the 1973 October War, Cairo, 1975. Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. 111, no. 2 (Winter 1974). Kalb, Marvin and Bernard, Kissinger, Boston, Mass., Little, Brown, 1974. Kamel, Mohamed Ibrahim, The Camp David Accords, London, KPI, 1986. Kissinger, Henry, White House Years, Boston, Mass., Little, Brown, 1979. Kissinger, Henry, Years of upheaval, Boston, Mass., Little, Brown, 1982. Kohler, Foy and others, The Soviet Union and the October 1973 Middle East War: the implications for detente, University of Miami (Center for Advanced International Study), 1974. Meir, Golda, My Life, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1975. Middle East and the International System: 1, The Impact of the 1973 War, London, International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1975 (Adelphi Paper no. 114). Neff, Donald, Warriors against Israel, Brattleboro, Vermont, Amana Books, 1988. Nielsen, Jorgen S. (general ed.), International Documents on Palestin 1973, Beirut, Institute for Palestine Studies: Kuwait, University of Kuwait, 1976. Nixon, Richard, Memoirs, London, Sidgwick and Jackson, 1978. O'Ballance, Edgar, No victor, no vanquished: the Yom Kippur War, San Rafael, Select Bibliography, 1973 503

Calif., Presidio Press, 1978: London, Barrie and Jenkins, 1979. Palit, D. K., Return to Sinai: the Arab-Israeli War, 1973, Salisbury, Compton Russell, 1974. Quandt, William B., Camp David: peacemaking and politics, Washington, D. c., Brookings Institution, 1986. Quandt, William B., Decade of Decisions: American policy toward the Arab-Israeli conflict, 1967-1976, Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London, University of California Press, 1977. Rabin, Yitzhak, The Rabin Memoirs, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson: Boston, Mass., Little Brown, 1979. Rafael, Gideon, Destination Peace: Three decades of Israeli foreign policy, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981. Riad, Mahmoud, The struggle for peace in the Middle East, London and New York, Quartet, 1981. Ro'i, Yaacov (ed.), The Limits of Soviet Power: Soviet policy in the Middle East, London, Croom Helm, 1979. Rosen, Steven J., Military Geography and the Military Balance in the Arab-Israel Conflict, Jerusalem, Hebrew University, 1977 (Jerusalem Papers on Peace Prob• lems no. 21). Rugh, William A., Arab Perceptions of American Foreign Policy during the October War, Washington, D. C., Middle East Institute, 1976 (Special Study no. 2). Sadat, Anwar El-, In search of identity, London, Collins, 1978. Safran, Nadav, Israel: the embattled ally, Cambridge, Mass. and London, Belknap Press (Harvard University Press), 1978. Schiff, Zeev, October Earthquake: Yom Kippur 1973, translated by Louis Williams, Tel Aviv, University Publishing, 1974. Seale, Patrick, with the assistance of Maureen McConville, Asad of Syria: the Struggle for the Middle East, London, Tauris, 1988. Search for Peace in the Middle East: Documents and Statements, 1967-79, report prepared by the Congressional Research Selvice for the Subcommittee on and the Middle East, Committee on Foreign Affairs, US House of Representa• tives (CP 957), 1979. Shazly, Saad El-, The Crossing of Suez: the October War, 1973, London, Third World Centre, 1980. Sheehan, Edward R. F., The Arabs, Israelis, and Kissinger: a secret history of American diplomacy in the Middle East, New York, Reader's Digest Press, 1976 (distributed by Crowell). Sherman, Arnold, When God Judged and Men Died: a battle report of the Yom Kippur war, London and New York, Bantam, 1973. Shevchenko, Arkady N., Breaking with Moscow, London, Cape, 1985. Shlaim, Avi, 'Crisis decision making in Israel: the Lessons of October 1973', in The international Yearbook of Foreign Policy Analysis, ed. by Peter Jones, New York, Russak: London, Croom Helm, 1975. Sid-Ahmed, Mohamed, After the guns fall silent: Peace or Armageddon in the Middle East, London, Croom Helm, 1976. Sobel, Lester A., Israel and the Arabs: The October 1973 War, New York, Facts on File, 1974. Strategic Survey, 1973, International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1974. Sunday Times Insight Team, The Yom Kippur War, London, Deutsch, 1975. Tamir, Avraham, A soldier in search of peace, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1988. Touval, Saadia, The Peace Brokers: mediators in the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 504 Select Bibliography, The Elusive Peace

1948-1979, Princeton University Press, 1982. U [Maung] Thant, View from the UN, Newton Abbot, David and Charles, 1978. Urquhart, Brian, A Life in Peace and War, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1987. Vance, Cyrus, Hard Choices: critical years in America's foreign policy, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1983. Waldheim, Kurt, In the Eye of the Storm, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1985. Weizman, Ezer, The Battle for Peace, London and New York, Bantam, 1981. Whetten, Lawrence L., The Canal War: Four-Power Conflict in the Middle East, Cambridge, Mass. and London, MIT Press, 1974. Whetten, Lawrence, L., The Arab-Israeli Dispute: Great Power Behaviour, London, International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1976-77 (Adelphi Paper no. 128). Williams, Louis (ed.), Military Aspects of the Israeli-Arab Conflict, Tel Aviv, University Publishing, 1975. Zumwalt, Jr., Elmo R., On Watch: a memoir, New York, Quadrangle/New York Times, 1976.

The Elusive Peace

Azcarate Y Florez, Pablo de, Mission in Palestine, 1948-1952. trans, Teener Hall, pp. 1-205, Washington, DC, Middle East Institute, 1966. Bernadotte, Folke, To Jerusalem, trans. Joan Bulman, London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1951. Bolling, Landrum, 'Quaker work in the Middle East following the June 1967 War', in Unofficial Diplomats, ed. by Maureen Berman and Joseph E. Johnson, New York, Columbia University Press, 1977, pp. 80-8. Caradon [Lord] Hugh, and others, U.N. Security Council resolution 242: a case study in diplomatic ambiguity, Washington, DC, Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, 1981. Carter, Jimmy, Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President, London, Collins, 1982. Curle, Adam, In the Middle: Non-official Mediation in Violent Situations, Leaming• ton Spa, Berg, 1986 (Bradford Peace Studies Paper no. 1). Eban, Abba, An Autobiography, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1978. Eytan, Walter, The First Ten Years: A Diplomatic History of israel, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1958. Forsythe, David P., United Nations Peacemaking: The Conciliation Commission for Palestine, Baltimore and London, Johns Hopkins University Press, in co• operation with the Middle East Institute, 1972. Gazit, Mordechai, 'Mediation and Mediators', Jerusalem Journal of International Relations, vol. 5, no. 4 (1981), pp. 80-104. Gazit, Mordechai, The Peace Process 1969-1973: Efforts and Contacts, Jerusalem, Magnes Press, 1983 (Jerusalem Papers on Peace Problems, no. 35). llan, Amitzur, Bernadotte in Palestine, 1948, London, Macmillan, 1989. Kissinger, Henry, Years of Upheaval, Boston, Little, Brown, 1982. Lie, Trygve, In the cause of peace, New York, Macmillan, 1954. McDonald, John W. and Diane B. Bendahmane (eds), Conflict Resolution: Track Two Diplomacy, Washington, DC, Foreign Service Institute, 1987 (esp. pp. 53-64, 'Strengths and Weaknesses of Track Two: a personal account', by Land• rum Bolling). Northedge, F. S., and M. D. Donelan, International Disputes, London, Europa, 1971. Persson, Sune 0., Mediation and Assassination: Count Bernadotte's Mission to Palestine 1948, London, Ithaca, 1979. Select Bibliography, The Elusive Peace 505

Rafael, Gideon, Destination Peace: Three Decades of Israeli Foreign Policy, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981. Rikhye, Indar Jit, The Sinai Blunder, New Delhi, Oxford and IBH Publishing, 1978: London, Cass, 1980. Rubin, Jeffrey Z. (ed.) Dynamics of Third Party intervention: Kissinger in the Middle East, New York, Praeger, 1981 (in cooperation with the Society for the Psycho• logical Study of Social Issues). Saunders, Harold H., The Other Walls; The Politics of the Arab-Israeli Peace Process, Washington, DC, American Enterprise Institute, 1985. Shlaim, Avi, Collusion across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement, and the Partition of Palestine, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1988. Soffer, Avadia, The UN as Peacemaker, Irchester (Northants), Mark Saunders, 1984. Stein, Janice Gross, 'The alchemy of peacemaking: the prerequisites and corequis• ites of progress in the Arab-Israeli conflict', International Journal, vol. 38 (1983), pp. 531-55. Stein, Janice Gross, 'The Fundamentals of Peacemaking: a retrospective analysis', in Peacemaking in the Middle East, ed. by Paul Marantz and Janice Gross Stein, London, Croom Helm, 1985. Stein, Janice Gross, 'Structures, Strategies, and Tactics of Mediation: Kissinger and Carter in the Middle East', Negotiation Journal, vol. 1, no. 4 (1985), pp. 331-47. Thant, U [Maung], View from the UN, London and Newton Abbot, David and Charles, 1978. Touval, Saadia, The Peace Brokers: Mediators in the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948-1979, Princeton University Press, 1982. Touval, Saadia, and I. William Zartman (eds), International mediation in theory and practice, Boulder, Col., Westview, 1985. Urquhart, Brian, Hammarskjold, London, Bodley Head, 1972. Young, Oran R., The Intermediaries: Third Parties in International Crises, Princeton University Press, 1967. Young, Oran R., 'Intermediaries: additional thoughts on third Parties', Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. XVI, no. 1 (1972), pp. 51-65. Index

Abdullah, King of Transjordan: territorial reopening of, 240; in Israel-Egypt ambitions, 2; Jewish Agency apologises , 358. 361-2; UNEF in, 407 to, 11; and Kaukji, 13; seeks deal, Aqsa, El (mosque), Jerusalem, 289, 299 17-18; and Egypt, 22; and 1948 : organizes local cease-fire, 25, 33; and Bernadotte's defence, 2; non-cooperation with settlement proposals. 31-2, 398; at odds Britain. 3; attitudes to Palestine with other Arab states, 45, 55, 113; Commission, 5; formed. 7; and Geneva armistice agreement with Israel, 56, 58. Conventions, 9; and US proposals. 10; 61.63; assassination attempt on. 61; and UN demands for cease-fire, 13; and assassinated. 107. 116; and 1950 1948 cease-fire, 28; opposes Israeli Tripartite Declaration. 113; and representation on Security Council, 33: take-over of West Bank. 394 UN status in 1948,349 Abrash, Brigadier-General Omar, 315, 321 Arab League: Political Committee, 2; Abu-Jaffer. Kamel. 262 formed. 7; and , 9; Acheson. Dean. 51. 58.60-1, 71, 108, intervenes in Palestine, 21; and 112-13 Bernadotte's proposals. 32; and 1948 Adan. -General Avraham (Bren), cease-fire, 33; and demilitarization of 306.312.314-15,317.323-4,328-30, Jerusalem, 37-8; and refugees. 109; 332 non-recognition of Israel, 109; forms Adenauer, Konrad, 155 security force, 350; suspends Egypt, Agnew, Spiro T., 318 358-9 Agranat, Shimon: Commission (1974-5), Arab Legion, 15-16,22-4. 28, 31, 55; see 303-4, 307, 314, 327 also Jordan Ahmad, Eqbal, 334 , 2. 7. 10-11.48 Algiers: 1973 Arab summit, 339 Arabs: refugees, 36, 42-4, 54, 107. 109. Allon, Yigal: reprisal attacks, 3; military 115-16,243; and Bernadotte's command, 15, 35, 52; and 1948 cease-fires, 40. 42; and Israel. 41; cease-fire, 33, 265; and Palestinian refuse partition, 42; culture and Arabs, 43; praises Nasser, 54; and language, 421-2; see also individual Israeli occupation of Ras El-Naqb, 62; Arab countries as candidate for defence ministry, Arafat, Yasser, 290, 318, 330, 345, 351-2; 217-18; Rogers and, 292; appointed see also Palestine Liberation Foreign Minister, 345; and Sinai Organization agreement, 346 , El, 53, 228, 234 All-Palestine government, 7, 107 Armistice Agreements, 1949,6&-71.97-106, Altalena (ship), 30-1 112, 16&-7, 170. 172 Amer, Hakim Abdul, 190, Armistice Demarcation lines (ADL.s). 192, 199, 224, 229, 236, 240 67-8,111 American Friends Service Committee, 109, Assad, Hafez El-: on Israeli war threat, 114 190; agrees with Sadat on war, 301; Amin, Idi, 293 informs Soviet ambassador of war, 309; Amit, Meir, 219 requests Soviet help for cease-fire, 318; Amman, 25 and Jordanian forces, 319; urges Sinai Anderson, Robert, 115-17,216,420 offensive, 321; and Sadat's wish for Angleton, James, 211 cease-fire, 325-6, 330; disagreements Aqaba, Gulf of: Israeli access to, 41, 195; with Sadat, 332-4; disdains Geneva Britain reinforces, 54, 62; freedom of Conference, 340; complains of Sadat to passage through, 164-7, 16~70, 172, Kissinger, 343; and 1974 disengagement 174; Nasser threatens blockade of, 190, agreement, 343-4, 416; denounces US 425; Egypt closes to Israel, 197-202, agreement with Israel and Egypt, 348; 205-6, 209, 215-16, 223; proposed meets Carter in Geneva, 351 international naval escort force for, Aswan High Dam, 120-1,402 201,207,209,211,216; Israel archives Atasi, Nur ad-Din, 248

506 Index 507

Attlee, Clement, 49, 122 of UN troops, 4; on Kefar Etsyon, 16; Auja, EI (Negev), 22, 52, 60, 67, 111, 114, and King Abdullah, 17-18; as first 141 Israeli Prime Minister, 19-20; contempt Austin, Warren, 10, 20, 52 for UN, 19-20; and 1948 cease-fire, 25, Azcarate, Pablo de: and Truce Commission, 28, 36; sceptical of co-existence with 14; appointed Deputy Municipal Arabs in Israel, 43; criticizes Britain, Commissioner of Jerusalem, 19; on 44, 137; and 1948 second truce, 45; Jewish offensive, 21; and surrender of discounts US sanctions threat, 46; and to Arab Legion, 23-4; and Security Council, 49; and Israeli forces cease-fires, 27, 47, 49; on Israel and in Egypt, 53; and agreement with Faluja Arabs, 54; and 1949 armistice Abdullah, 55--6; claims Gaza Strip, 70; negotiations, 59, 63, 98; on Lausanne retires and returns as Prime Minister, Protocol, 66; and Bernadotte, 398 107,115, makes Jenisalem capital, 108; Azzam, Abdul Rahman, 7, 17,25,32-3 Anderson meets, 115-16; Hammarskjold and, 118, 120, 125; Ba'ath Party (Syria), 107,222 anxiety over Suez plans, 128; Bab el-Mandeb, 328, 337-8, 342, 348 Eisenhower warns, 134, 139, 155--6, Badran, Shamseddin, 192, 199-200,240 168; negotiations with France, 135-8; (later Central Treaty criticizes Britain, 137; and Suez War, Organization; CENTO), 115 148; letter from Bulganin, 152-3; , 1, 268, 293 renounces 1949 armistice, 155, 167; Ball, George, 265 refuses UNEF access, 157; memo to , 115, 140 Dulles, 170; accepts Pineau's plan, Bao Dai, Emperor, 52 171; Eisenhower congratulates, 172; Barak, Aharon, 356 and 1967 crisis, 201; and 1%7 political Barjot, Vice- Pierre, 123 machinations, 217-18; on opening Bar-Lev, Brigadier Chaim, 266, 311-12, of 1967 war, 226; and Israeli borders, 316-18, 320-2, 323-4, 328 395 Bar-Lev line, 304, 307, 310, 315 Bennike, Major-General Vagn, 111 Baroody, Jamil M., 148, 150,245--6,250, Bergus, Donald, 292-3 258,314, 328, 330, 333 Bernadotte Count Folke: as UN mediator, Bar-Simon-Tov, Yaacov, 289 6-7, 19,396-7,420; and Jerusalem, 16, Bar-Zohar, Michael, 43, 201, 206-7, 214 24-5, 30-2, 34, 37-9, 42; and 1948 Bat Galim (ship), 112 cease-fires, 25-31, 33-4, 36-7, 39; and Beaufre, General Andre, 153 truce violations, 30-1, 39-40; political Beeley, Sir Harold, 53, 266 settlement plans, 31-2, 41-2, 44, 46-8, Beersheba, 49, 51, 60 50, 398; addresses Security Council, Begin, Menachem: reprisal policy, 2; on 34-5; and Arab refugees, 36, 42-3; and Deir Yasin, 12; and Irgun, 15; and 1%7 Jewish intransigence, 40-1; crisis, 201, 217-18; justifies 1%7 war, assassinated, 44-5, 47, 64, SO, 395, 401; 219; opposes definite Israeli position, forms UNTSO, 110, 188,221,397; role 247; and General Assembly special and actions, 397-8; and Palestine session, 248; hardline policy, 302; heads Conciliation Commission, 399; Lie coalition government, 350; visits supports, 401; avoids Mufti of Washington, 351, 354-5; rejects dealing Jerusalem, 425 with PLO, 352; and Sadat's visit to Bevin, Ernest, 3, 9, 53, 58 Israel, 353; offends Kamel, 354; at Bohlen, Charles, 123, 153 Camp David, 355--6, 358, 419; and Boisanger, Claude de, 400 Israeli settlements, 357; shares Nobel Bourges-Maunoury, Maurice, 127, 135-7 Peace Prize, 359; obstructs Carter, 359; Bowie, Robert, 121 and Israel-Egypt peace treaty, 361; Brecher, Michael, 155 meets Sadat in Ismailia, 423 Brezhnev, Leonid, 326, 331-2 Begley, bol. Frank, 30, 92 Britain: assumes mandate for Palestine, 1, Beit Jiz, 28 10; and Palestine partition, 3; in Beit Susin, 28 Security Council debates, 8; Palestine Ben Bella, Ahmed, 140 policy, 9-10, 395; leaves Palestine, 21; Ben-Gurion, David: retaliation against criticism of Israel, 47; and Jessup's Arabs, 2-3, 110, 131; opposes presence proposals, 50; planes shot down by 508 Index

Israel, 54; and 1949 armistice cease-fire, 70; at Security Council, 111, negotiations, 60; recognizes Israel, 398; on arms supply, 112; and Suez 63--4; supplies arms to Egypt and war, 150; on UNEF, 258, 403; meets Jordan, 112; withdraws troops from Nasser, 173; and Israeli tapping of Egypt, 114, 120; proposes using force in Jordan waters, 189; and 1967 crisis, Suez crisis, 122-3; complains of Egypt 190, 193-5; decline, 194; and Thant's to UN, 126-7, 132-3; and Israeli visit to Cairo, 205; message of restraint involvement over Suez, 128; and to Israel, 212; and UNEF's Canadian Franco-Israel negotiations, 136-9; and contingent, 220; and Baroody's Suez fighting, 140, 144, 146-7, 150,402; complaint against Thant, 246; and use use of veto, 145; invades Egypt, 151-3; of Government House, 281; role, 397; ceases fighting, 155; withdrawal of wins Nobel Peace Prize, 399; and forces, 160, 162; and 1967 crisis, 296-9; Thant's Cairo visit, 408 and proposed naval escort for Gulf of Burns, Major-General E. L. M.: commands Aqaba, 207,209, 213, 216, 218; Egypt UNTSO, 111, 120, 140; and Nasser's cuts relations with (1967), 229; accused ignorance of Egyptian bribery, 115; on of aiding Israel in 1967, 230, 232; Israeli provocative patrolling, 116; resumes diplomatic relations with warns of Egyptian fedayeen, 118; and Egypt, 266; draft resolution at Security separation of forces, 119; and Mixed Council, 269-78, 411; 1973 cease-fire Armistice Commission, 120; on proposals, 320 Qalqiliya raid, 131; and Suez war, 141, Brookings Institution, 350 143, 149; commands UNEF, 151-2, Brown, George: and 1967 war, 196,206-8, 156-7, 161-3, 176,402-5; and Israeli 216,226; at General Assembly, 251-2, withdrawal, 164; and Sinai destruction, 265; on closure of Suez Canal, 258; and 165; meets Dayan, 172-3 Crossman, 266; meets Eban, 268; and Butler, Richard Austen, 146, 160, 164 resolution 242, 270, 411 Brown, Harold, 358 Cadogan, Sir Alexander, 53 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 350, 355, 422 Cameron, James, 240 Buckley, William, 325, 331 Camp David Conference, 306, 353-6, Buffum, William B., 255 418-20; accords, 356-8, 360-1, 378-93 Bulganin, Nikolai Alexandrovich, 125, Canada: membership of UNEF, 157-8,220, 152-3, 161 339, 342, 367-8, 404-5 Bull, Lieutenant-General Odd: on Caradon, Hugh Mackintosh Foot, Baron: demarcation lines, 62; and Israeli urges peace settlement, 215-16, 226, border patrols, 189; and Jordan waters, 228,230, 235, 237-8, 246, 257, 259-60, 189; and 1967 military build-up, 190-2, 267,410,412; submits British draft 210; supports Thant, 194, 203; and resolution to Security Council, 269-70, Thant's visit to Cairo, 205; on Eshkol, 275-8; on failure to implement 214; and outbreak of 1967 war, 221, resolution 242, 286; on 1967 draft 223--4, 240 as Chief of Staff of UNTSO, Soviet resolution, 411; and resolution 221,407; blames USSR for cease-fire 242,412 delays, 228; reports on 1967 hostilities, Carnegie Endowment for International 236-7; meets Dayan, 238; and exchange Peace, 188 of prisoners, 244; and 1967 cease-fire, Carter, Jimmy: Presidency, 305, 350; and 245-7,249; on Israel's lost opportunity Middle East peace process, 351, for peace, 254; and Suez Canal terms, 419-20; visits Middle East, 353--4, 257; on incident, 266; and 1967 358-9; and Camp David Conference, British draft resolution, 275; on 354-8,419; presses Israel, 355; and resolution 242, 286 Israeli settlements in occupied Bunche, Ralph: as UN (acting) mediator, 6, territories, 357; and peace agreements, 45,396,398,401,420-1; and 1948 360; and PLO, 418 cease-fires, 26, 47, 50, 398; criticizes Casey, Richard G., 162 Israel, 46, 48, 53; proposes demarcation Castle, Barbara, 207 line, 49; meets Eban, 50-1; and Israeli Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 45, 217, hostilities, 52; in 1949 armistice 311, 314 negotiations and agreements, 58-61, 66, Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) see 71, 398-400; and Israeli breaches of Baghdad Pact Index 509

Central Truce Supervision Board, 6, 17,37, 320-2,323,325--7,329; proposes 39,96--7 activation of nuclear weapons, 316; and Challe, General Maurice, 127, 132-3 Israeli generals, 324; Kissinger praises, Chamoun, Camille, 107 328; and cease-fire, 329-30; and US Childers, Erskine, 43 supplies to Egyptian , 333; China: UN representation, 20>-4, 259, 305, accepts UNEF, 336; and 6-point Cairo 409 plan, 338; discusses disengagement with Churchill, Winston Spencer, 114 Kissinger, 340, 342-3,416; Peres Chuvakhin, Dmitri, 190, 195, 212, 238 replaces as Defence Minister, 345; as Clapp, Gordon R., 109 Foreign Minister, 350; meets Hussein, Clark, William, 122 352; visits USA, 352, 354; visits Clifford, Clark, 20 , 353; on Egyptian arrogance, Cohen, Benjamin V., 49 354; and Camp David discussions, Cohen, Geulah, 359 356--7; on Jerusalem, 357 Comay, Michael, 194 Dayan, Yael, 218 Constantinople, Convention of (1888), 114, Dean, (Sir) Patrick, 137-9 125, 129-31 defensive forces: defined, 103 Cordier, Andrew, 403 Deir Yasin massacre, 11-12, 16,23 Cornut-Gentille, Bernard, 143-5 Dewey, Thomas E., 48 Couve de Murville, Maurice, 196, 206, 252 Dixon, Sir Pierson, 117-18, 126, 135, 143-6, Cromer, George Rowland Stanley Baring, 148-50, 152-3, 156, 162 3rd Earl of, 320 Dobrynin, Anatoly: at General Assembly, Crossman, Richard, 208, 216, 226, 230, 247, 25~; meets Rusk, 265; warned on 252, 265-6, 268 Soviet military aid to Egypt, 289; and Crowe, Sir Colin, 300 1973 war, 308-10, 313, 316, 319; and Cunningham, Sir Alan, 16 cease-fire negotiations, 326, 330-1; and , 123 , 339 Czechoslovakia, 27, 114 Doctors' Plot, 1953, 114 Douglas-Home, Sir Alec, 207, 320 : bombed, 236--9, 317-18; see also Dulles, John Foster: and US policy, 46, 114; Syria and Hammarskjold mission in 1956, Dan, 2 118; withdraws offer, 120; Dayan, Moshe: on Stern Gang, 11; and in Latin America, 122; intercedes over King Abdullah, 18; on 1948 arms Suez, 122-3; at London conference, embargo, 27; attitudes, 35; fighting, 123-5; and Franco-British resort to 35-6; cease-fire agreements with UN, 126; and Franco-Israeli collusion, El-Tell, 55-6, 58, 61-2; on Israeli 129, 134; at Security Council, 130-2; occupation of Ras EI-Naqb, 62; excuses criticized, 130; and Suez war, 148-9, breach of cease-fire, 70; and discussions 402; health, 160; and Meir's requests, with France over Suez, 127-8, 135--7; 164; and Israeli withdrawal, 169; meets, on British policy, 134; in Suez war, 144, Eban, 169-70; and Ben-Gurion's 146; on withdrawal from Sinai, 163; memo, 170; and peace settlement, 172; Burns meets, 172-3; avoids Ben-Gurion on Palestine Conciliation Commission, in 1967,201; and Eshkol's broadcast to 399 nation, 214; made Defence Minister, Dupuy, Colonel Trevor, 312, 314-15, 321, 217-18; on opening of 1967 war, 226; 328 and West Bank, 232; and attack on USS Liberty, 234; attacks Golan Eagles of the Palestinian Revolution, 302 Heights, 235; Bull meets, 238; removes Eban, Abba: on British neutrality, 3; on Jerusalem barriers, 242-3; territorial Bevin, 9; and King Abdullah, 18; and claims, 247; and General Assembly cease-fires, 22, 25; and Bunche, 50-1; special session, 248; and Suez Canal claims Negev, 51; Acheson meets, 60; terms, 257, 292; counter-raids against and Israel's application for UN Egypt, 288; on Soviet military aid to Membership, 64-5; and Israeli conflict Egypt, 288; reinforces Golan, 302-3; with Jordan, 134-5; and Israeli and 1973 enemy war preparations, 303, mobilization, 139; Suez war, 141, 306; opposes pre-emptive attack, 306--7; 14>-4, 148-50, 155-6, 158; and UNEF, and conduct of 1973 war, 309, 311-18, 151, 157, 159,405; and Anglo-French 510 Index

invasion of Egypt, 151; on withdrawal Canal passage, 112; arms supplies to, of Israeli forces, 161-2, 166-7, 168-70, 114-15; British troops leave, 114, 120; 404; address to General Assembly, 165; nationalizes Suez Canal Company, meets Dulles, 169-70; meets Pineau, 120-3, 126, 129-30; refuses 171; and peace settlement, 172; and participation in London conference, Gaza Strip, 174; discounts 1967 crisis, 122; Franco-British complaint against, 188; and 1967 military build-up, 190-1, 126-7; in Security Council debates on 195-6,200-1; 1967 visits to Western Suez, 129-31, 143, 145; and capitals, 201-2, 2~12, 214, 219, 223; Franco-British demands, 138; Israel opposes premature war in 1967, 212; plans attack on, 138-9; in Suez war, and US restraint, 215; on Security 140-1, 144, 146-9; arms and Council debates, 215; and 1%7 political equipment, 141; Anglo-French machinations, 218; justifies 1967 war, bombing of, 146-7; Anglo-French 219; and outbreak of 1967 war, 226, invasion of, 151-3; and composition of 424; in 1967 UN negotiations, 231-2, UNEF, 157-9; 'good faith' agreement, 235; on sinking of USS Liberty, 234; 159, 255, 280, 405-6; accused of and 1967 cease-fire, 236, 239; and ill-treatment of Jews, 162; and Soviet Union's breaking off relations deployment of UNEF, 167-8,404-5; with Israel, 238; on Palestinian exodus appoints governor for Gala Strip, 173; from West Bank, 242; on defeat of defence agreement with Syria, 188; and Soviet denunciations in UN, 245; and 1967 military build-up, 190-1, 219; Israeli cease-fire position, 248; and demands withdrawal of UNEF, 191-5, General Assembly emergency session, 197,202-3,205,220, 254, 4~7, 251,253-4,256,258,260; on George 409-10; and blockade of waterways Brown, 252; at General Assembly against Israel, 197-8,201,205-6, regular 1967 session, 265; in London at 216-17,223; rejects UN appeal for 50th anniversary of Balfour restraint, 213; accuses Israel in Security Declaration, 268; and British draft Council, 215-16; attacked by Israel resolution 242,270-1,276-7; welcomes (1967),223,225-6, 229-30; receives Jarring's appointment, 278; on Jarring, Arab help in 1967, 228; military losses 288, 414; on deadlock situation, 292; on and casualties, 228-30, 232, 241; severs Habash hijack attempt, 301; on Galili's diplomatic relations with Britain (1965), settlement programme, 302; and 229; agrees to cease-fire, 235; Soviet outbreak of 1973 war, 309, 311, 313; at arms supplies to, 250, 288-9; and Suez UN during 1973 war, 313-14, 316, Canal terms, 257-8; resumes diplomatic 321-2; at discussions in Israel, 324, 326; relations with Britain, 266; and and 1973 cease-fire, 329; and Egyptian resolution 242,285-7; War of Attrition Third Army, 332; meets Gromyko at against Israel, 288; allegedly violates Geneva Conference, 341; on Kissinger, 1970 9O-day cease-fire and standfast, 342; Allon succeeds as Foreign 289-90; and Jarring's peace proposals, Minister, 345; and Thant's visit to 291; extends cease-fire, 292; proposes Middle East, 408 direct negotiations with Israel, 295-6; Eden, (Sir) Anthony: view of Nasser, 121; 1973 war with Israel, 301-2, 308-13, and Suez crisis, 122-5, 127-8, 133-5, 315, 321, 323; war preparations, 303-4, 137; health, 129, 160; hesitations over 306; peace treaty with Israel (1979), Suez, 139; and Suez fighting, 143, 150; 306, 357-8, 360-1, 378-93; and US pressure on British financial communiques, 306; Third Army, 328-9, reserves, 154; ceases Suez fighting, 155; 332-4,337-8, 415-16; and 1973 resigns, 164 cease-fire, 328-30, 339; Kissinger visits, Egypt: enters Palestine, 21-2; and 1948 331; complains of Israeli violations, cease-fire, 27; fires on US plane, 31; 331-3; 1973 casualties, 335; direct talks appoints military governor for , with Israel, 335-6, 341; and deployment 45; Israeli forces enter and leave, 53-4; of UNEF 11,336,346; November 1973 unsupported by Arab states, 55; in 1949 agreement with Israel, 338, 367; armistice negotiations, 58-60, 67-70, attendance at Geneva Conference, 98, 103-4; 1953 shipping agreement 340-1; and disengagement, 342; with Israel, 104; as republic, 107; and January 1974 agreement with Israel, border raids, 110, 115; restricts Suez 342, 368, 418; September 1975 Index 511

agreement with Israel, 342, 372-7, Farrar-Hockley, Lieutenant-General Sir 417-18; resumes diplomatic relations Anthony Heritage, 307 with USA, 342; and Sinai proposals, , 267, 275 346; agreement with USA, 34(r7, 418; Fawzi, Mahmoud: on Palestine fighting, 21; and Camp David accords, 35(r7, on Tripartite Declaration, 113; relations 378--93; suspended from Arab League, with Hammarskjold, 117-18; and Suez 358--9 crisis, 129--33; rejects Anglo-French Eilat, 197, 217, 407 ultimatum, 139; on Trevelyan, 144; Eilat (Israeli destroyer), 26(r7 meets Burns, 157; and UNEF, 158, Eisenhower, Dwight D.: Presidency, 114; 162, 182, 405; and Sinai, 165; meets and Anderson mission, 115-16; and Pineau, 171; and peace settlement, 173; Hammarskjold mission, 117-18; 1967 UN speech, 250 upholds UN principles, 122; and Fawzi, General Mohamed, 189, 191, 193-4 Franco-British military preparations, Federenko, Nikolai: and 1967 crisis, 195, 123-4, 128--9, 134; and Franco-British 203-4,215-16; and 1967 war, 225, 227, resort to UN, 12(r7; warns 230-1, 233, 235-8; criticizes Israel, Ben-Gurion, 134, 139, 155-6, 168; and 244-<>, 25(r7; on increasing UN Israeli mobilization, 139; and Suez observers, 266; manner, 268 fighting, 143, 147-8, 155; rejects Soviet Ford, Gerald, 305, 345-6, 356 proposals, 152-3; re-elected, 153; and France: and 1950 Tripartite Declaration, Suez cease-fire, 155; on Anglo-French 113; and Suez Canal Co. nationalization, withdrawal, 162; doctrine (defence 121-2; threatens force over Suez, against international ), 164; 122-3; complains of Egypt to UN, congratulates Ben-Gurion, 172; 12(r7, 132-3; negotiations with Israel, consulted in 1967 crisis, 204--5, 208; 127-9, 132, 135-9; and Suez fighting, funeral, 291 140, 144, 14(r7, 150; use of veto, 145; Elath, Eliahu (formerly Epstein), 19--20,61, invades Egypt, 151-3; ceases Suez 395 fighting, 155; withdrawal of forces, 160, Elazar, Lieutenant-General David (Dado), 162; settlement proposals, 171; attitude 303-4,306, 311-15, 317, 319--21, 323-5 to 1967 crisis, 218--19; proposes 4-power Ennes, James M., Jr., 234 talks, 287; aims in Suez war, 402 Entebbe, 350 Franks, Sir Oliver, 58 Epstein, Eliahu see Elath, Eliahu Eshkol, Levi: and 1967 crisis, 195-6,200-2, Galilee, 41, 45, 47-8, 51 209; on proposed international naval Galili Yisraei, 247, 302 escort, 207; cables Eban in USA, 209; Gamasy, Major-General Mohamed Soviet advice to, 212; receives appeals Abdulglani El-, 33(r8, 416 for restraint, 213-15, 219; broadcast to Garcia-Granados, Jorge, 18, 20 nation, 214; internal attacks on, 217-18; Garreau, Roger, 108 and outbreak of 1967 war, 226, 228; Gaulle, Charles de, 196,202, 2O(r8, 216, letters to friendly powers, 226; 218--19,226,247,250-2,268,414 declaration on Israeli intentions, 247; Gaza Strip: in 1949 armistice agreements, seeks peace with Arab states, 261; on 60-1,70, 187; Israeli action against, occupied territories, 261; and Jarring, 112; fighting in, 118; Israel withdraws 413 from (1957), 141, 173-4,404; Ethridge, Mark F., 44, 65, 70, 400 surrenders in Suez war, 149; Israel Evans, Harold, 6, 19, 396 claims, 164--6, 168, 173; UNEF in, Eveland, W. c., 211, 234 170-3, 193; Egyptian governor, 173-4; Evron, Ephraim, 211 1967 UNEF withdrawal from, 196, Eytan, Waiter, 20, 61, 63, 202, 206, 400 4O(r7; Israel occupies (1967), 230, 240; discussed at Camp David, 355-8, 361; Fact, Operation, 61 autonomy for, 359 Fahmy, Ismail, 192-3,286,337,342,352-3, Gazier, Albert, 133 419 Gazit, Mordechai, 297, 400, 413-15, 422 Faisal, King of , 301; General Armistice Agreements, 1949, assassinated, 347 6(r71, 97-106, 112, 16(r7, 170, 172 Faluja, 4(r7, 51, 54, 60, 69 General Assembly (United Nations): and Farouk, King of Egypt, 36, 107 partition of Palestine, 1-4, 18, 42; 512 Index

Membership, 4, 140; discussions on 312-18,320,323-4,327,329 future of Palestine, 18; and Bernadotte 'good-faith' agreement (1956), 159-60, plan, 51; admits Israel to UN 182-3, 193, 254-5, 280, 405-6 Membership, 65: and Paiestmian Goodpaster, General Andrew, 208 refugees, 109; c~nvened in emergency Grechko, Marshal Andrei, 199-200 session in Suez war, 148-9, 152, 156; Greece, 122 and UN Emergency Force, 154, 156, Gromyko, Andrei A.: and arms supplies to 159-60, 167,402-3; and Suez cease-fire, Jews, 27; visits Cairo, 188, 199; 158--60, 162; and Israeli withdrawal, messages from Rusk in 1967 crisis, 213, 167-8; proposed sanctions against 225; and defeat of Soviet UN Israel, 170-1; 1967 emergency special proposals, 250; and General Assembly session, 246, 248-56, 258-61, 263; 1967 emergency session, 259-60; at Arab-Israeli complaints at, 263; 1967 1967 regular session, 264; followed by regular session, 263-6; in session Kuznetsov, 265; at May 1972 Moscow throughout 1973 war, 313; denounces summit, 294; at Geneva Conference, , 349; accepts PLO, 349, 366; 341; in Damascus, 342; and Lie's and Palestine Conciliation Commission, resignation threat, 402 399-400 Gross, Ernest, 254 Resolutions: 181, 73; 185, 75; 186,19, Guiringaud, Louis de, 145, 147, 150, 156 75-6; 187, 19,75; 194, 51-2, 81-3; 273, Gur, Lieutenant-General Mordechai, 416 65,83; 997, 149, 174-5; 998, 175; 999, Gussing, Nils Goran, 243-4 175; 1000,176; 1001,176-7; 1002,177; 1090, 178; 1120, 161, 177; 1123, 165, Habash, Dr George, 301 177; 1124, 168, 178; 1125, 168, 178; 2252, (Jewish defence force). 2, 7, 11. 241-2,256,282;2253,256,282-3;2254, 13, 15-16,23-4,43,52 258,283;2256,260,283; 3379,377 Haifa: bombed by Arabs. 25; as free port, Geneva (Red Cross) Conventions, 8-9, 13, 31,63 69, 147,246,350 Hammami, Said, 345 Geneva Peace Conference, 1973-4: Hammarskjold, Dag: and armistice convened, 305, 339-40, 417; military agreements, 111, 134, 167; 1956 mission working group, 347, 416; US-Soviet to Middle East, 117-20; on Nasser, 118; letter of invitation, 368 self-criticisms, 123; and Egyptian Giscard d'Estaing, Valery, 162 proposals on Suez, 125; message to Glassboro meeting, 1967,248-9,269,411 Fawzi, 139; succeeds Lie as UN Glubb, Sir John (Glubb Pasha), 15, 23, 33, Secretary-General, 140; and Suez war, 36, 54, 115 141, 143-5, 147, 149-51,402; and Golan, Galia, 314 UNEF, 152-4, 156-60, 162, 165, 171-2, : in 1967 war, 234-5; Israel 174,279-80,402-6,410; on Suez occupies, 237, 240; reinforced by Israel, cease-fire, 156-7, 160, 162-74,405; 302-3; 1974 disengagement agreement, diary, 161, 163-4; and financing of 306,343-4,417; 1973 Arab attacks on, UNEF, 163; aide-memoire on 'good 308, 310-12, 315-18, 326; Israeli actions faith' agreement, 182-3, 193, 254-5; on, 319-29, 322-3, 324, 327; 'indicated procedure' on withdrawal of Goldberg, Arthur: and 1967 crisis, 195,207, UNEF, 410; as mediator, 420 211,213,216; and 1967 war, 225, 227, Handel, Michael, 304 230-1,235,237-9; opposes Hare, Raymond A., 44 condemnations, 245; denies US acts for Harman, Avraham, 204, 209, 215 Israel, 246; at 1967 General Assembly Healey, Denis, 208 emergency session, 251, 253, 260; and Heath, Edward, 207, 319 'good faith' agreement, 255; dismay at Heikal, Mohamed: on border incidents, 110; Federenko, 257; drafts proposal with on US non-supply of arms to Egypt, Dobrynin and Gromyko, 259-60; Riad 114; on Nasser's , 117; on attacks, 268; and 1967 US draft failure of Menzies mission, 124; on resolution, 270; and British 1967 draft 1956 loss of Egyptian planes, 141; and resolution, 277; and resolution 242, 411 Nasser's despatch of troops to Sinai, Goldmann, Nahum, 35, 113 189; and withdrawal of UNEF, 192; on Gomulka, Wladysfaw, 52 Amer's confusion, 199; and 1967 Gonen, Major-General Shmuel, 307, cease-fire, 213; and Nasser's ignorance Index 513

of 1967 aircraft losses, 228-9; and International Court of Justice (ICJ), 45, 401 , 288; and Sadafs dismissal Iraq, 115, 134,228,241,318-22,335 of Soviet military advisors, 294; on lrgun Zvai Leumi (Etzel), 7, 11-12, 15,22, Shazly-Ismail dispute, 325; on Israeli 31 breakthrough across Suez Canal, 326; Ismail, Hafez, 293, 297-8, 319-20, 324, 333 and Kissinger, 334, 416, 422 Ismail Ali, Lieutenant-General Ahmed, 306, Hermon, Mount, 325, 327, 329 318, 320, 323-5 Herzog, Chaim, 303 Ismailia, 327, 423 Hod, General Mordechai, 221 Israel: Provisional Government (May 1948), Hofi, Major-General Yitzhak, 302, 322 7,20-1,28; state established, 19-20; , 318 recognized, 20, 63; 1948 cease-fire, Horowitz, Dan, 241 25-9, 33-6, 40; UN observers in, 28-9, Hula: , 66, 68, 111, 187, 33; and Bernadotte's settlement plans, 189 32, 41-2; regains territory after 1948 Humphrey, Hubert, 200 truce, 36; 1948 second truce, 36-7; Hungary: 1956 uprising, 135, 139-40, 150 breaches truce, 39-40, 50-2; Jewish Hussein, King of Jordan: succeeds to immigration into, 40, 44, 108; and Arab throne, 107; and Israeli attack on refugees, 43--4, 115-16; forces enter and Qalqiliya, 131; and Shuqairi, 187; leave Egypt, 53--4; 1949 armistice criticizes Nasser, 192; 1967 defence negotiations and agreements, 58-63, agreement with Egypt, 220; in 1967 66-71,97-106; occupies Ras EI-Naqb, war, 223-4, 229-30, 232, 250; messages 62; admitted to UN Membership, 63-5, from Nasser, 228-9, 232; at 1967 83--4,395; 1953 shipping agreement General Assembly emergency session, with Egypt, 104; Law of Return, 108; 248, 250; Nasser praises, 250, 261-2; and border raids and retaliation, 110, proposes Israeli withdrawal, 250; at 112, 115, 125, 131, 187-8,222,402; 1967 Khartoum summit, 261, 265, 411; spies in Egypt, 114-15; negotiations tours Arab capitals, 261, 264; visits with France over Suez, 127-9, 132, Moscow, 263--4; 5-point peace 135-9; and Jordan threat, 134; planned programme with Nasser, 264, 411; and attack on Egypt, 138-9; military Riad, 268; advocates Arab moderation, operations in Suez war, 140-1, 143-9, 269; conflict with armed , 151,402,410; agrees to UN cease-fire, 290; United Arab Kingdom plan, 293; 152; and Soviet threat, 153, 156; and and 1973 war, 316-19; seeks West Bank UNEF, 157,404; withdrawal of forces agreement, 344-5; visits Carter, 351; 1956-7,160-1,164-6,168-73,187, Dayan meets, 352; and Jarring, 413, 404-5; guerrilla incursions into, 187; 415 1967 military build-up, 189-90, 197, Husseini, Abdul Qadir EI-, 11 199,222; delays military action, 212; Husseini, Haj Amin EI- (former Grand internal dissensions and new Mufti of Jerusalem), 7, 425 government, 217-19; June 1967 war, 223--4, 226, 229-30, 232, 424; Ignatieff, George, 195,203--4,270,407,410 condemned in UN for aggression, 232; India: and 1967 British draft resolution, agrees to 1967 cease-fire, 233, 235-9; 276-7 achievements in 1967 war, 240; Indonesia, 5, 21, 53, 285 casualties, 241; and Arab population, International Committee of the Red Cross 242-4; 1967 territorial claims, 247, 261; (ICRe): and Jerusalem convoys, 5; UN demands withdrawal, 249-51, 257, appeals for observance of Geneva 259-60, 270, 411, 413; presents case at Conventions, 8-9; and identification of General Assembly, 253--4; and terms medical units, 13; and Truce for Suez Canal patrols, 257-8; and 1967 Commission, 16; and Jerusalem zones cease-fire violations, 263, 266-7; of sanctuary, 17,85-8; and Faluja complaints at UN, 263; and five wounded, 54; and exchange of Security Council draft resolutions, prisoners, 69; and refugee problem, 269-70,275-8; and resolution 242,285, 109; on Geneva Conventions, 147; in 287,412; 1973 withdrawal demands on, Suez war, 147; Fatah addresses, 267; 287-9, 291-2, 299, 337-8, 340, 351, 355; and 1974 disengagement agreements, and Egyptian War of Attrition, 288-9; 343; role, 396 accepts 1970 9O-day cease-fire plan, 514 Index

289-91; 1972-3 raids on Lebanon, 293, demilitarization zones, 37-9, 108, 111; 298; 1972 Olympic team attacked, 295; 1948 armistice agreement, 5&-7; 1949 Sadat proposes direct negotiations with, armistice agreement, 62, 69; proposed 295--6; author visits as Quaker UN control of, 64; No Man's Land representative, 29&-8; and Habash Agreement, 90--1; Central Truce incident, 301; 1973 Egyptian-Syrian war Supervision Board establishes neutral on, 301-2, 307-8, 311-13; peace zone in, 9&-7; November 1948 settlement policy, 302, 353-4, 356, 357, cease-fire agreement, 97; 359,420; and enemy war preparations, proposals, 107-8; made capital of 303-4; arms from USA, 305, 310, 316, Israel, 108; East annexed by Israel, 319,321-2,325,415-16; communiques, 242-3,252--6,357,418; General 306: counter-attack fails, 314; nuclear Assembly 1967 resolution on, 256, 260; weapons activated, 316; advance in Israel changes status of, 289; discussed 1973, 319-20, 322; and 1973 cease-fire at Camp David, 357 proposals, 321-2, 328, 330, 337-8; Jessup, Philip, 19-20,45, 49-51 disagreement among generals, 324; Jewish Agency for Palestine, 3--5, 7-10, 13, cease-fire violations, 329, 331, 333, 339; 18,349 mopping-up operations, 329-30; accepts Johnson, Joseph E" 188, 401, 420 cease-fire, 332; 1973 casualties, 335; Johnson, Lyndon Baines: and 1967 crisis, direct talks with Egypt, 335--6, 341; 195--6, 200-1, 207-16, 219; November 1973 agreement with Egypt, aide-memoire to Eban, 211; and 338,367; at Geneva Conference, 340-1; outbreak of 1967 war, 225-7, 229; works forms new government (1974), 342; for cease-fire, 230, 239-40, 411; and January 1974 agreement with Egypt, sinking of USS Liberty, 234; responds 342, 368, 418; agreement with Syria, to Kosygin's threats, 239; Sadat 342-4, 369; September 1975 agreement believes favours Israel, 241; letter from with Egypt, 342, 372-7, 417-18; Wilson, 247; meets Kosygin at Palestinian attacks on, 343, 354; US Glassboro, 248--9, 269, 411; and King agreement with, 347-8; attacks on Hussein, 250, 268; non-attendance at Lebanon, 349, 354-5; Sadat visits, General Assembly special session, 352-3,417-18; Camp David accords, 252-3; five principles, 253, 261; on 35&-7, 378--93; 1979 peace treaty with Israeli territorial position, 260, 288 Egypt, 357, 360-1, 378--93; Carter Johnston, Eric, 109, 189 addresses Knesset, 359; borders, 395; Jordan (Transjordan): and 1948 cease-fire, religious divisions in, 422; urges direct 30; in Bernadotte's first plan, 31-2; negotiations, 423 appoints governor for , 45; Issawiya, 30 and Egypt, 55; conflict with other Arab states, 55; 1949 armistice agreement Jackson, Elmore, 420 with Israel, 55--6, 58, 60-3, 67-70, 99; , 15 incorporates West Bank, 107, 187; and Jamali, Mohammed Fadhil, 160 border incidents, 110, 125, 134-5, 187; Jarring, Gunnar: as UN Special and Baghdad Pact, 115; Britain Representative, 222, 278, 28&-7, supports, 134-5, 137; and 289-91,298, 300, 420, 422; operates AnglcrFrench-Israeli agreement, 138; with English version of Security Council and 1967 war, 220, 223, 228--30; accepts proposals, 275; mission impeded, 299; 1967 cease-fire, 233; casualties, 241, achievements, 406; peace efforts, 335; cease-fire violations, 267; and 412-15; avoids PLO, 425 resolution 242,285, 287; armed Jebb, Sir Gladwyn, 135 Palestinians in, 290; and proposed Jerusalem: under international trusteeship, United Arab Kingdom, 293; mobilizes 1; draft statute for, 5; fighting in, 5, for 1973 war, 318, 320; engaged in 1973 23-4; Municipal Commissioners, 6, 19, war, 321, 326, 344; at Geneva 396; Red Cross zones of sanctuary in, Conference, 340-1, 344; claims on West 1&-17,85-8; 1948 occupation and Bank, 344-5, 358, 361; see also evacuation, 24-5, 28; and 1948 Abdullah, King of Transjordan; cease-fire, 29-30; water supply, 31, 37; Hussein, King of Jordan in Bernadotte's plan, 31-2, 34, 42; and : development plan, 109, 189 1948 second truce, 3&-7; Joseph, Dov, 15,23-4,31,38--9,46 Index 515

Kadesh, Operation, 140--1, 151 199-201,208,213; and outbreak of Kamel, Mohamed Ibrahim, 353-5, 357, 419 1967 war, 225-6; Eshkol appeals to, Karatiya, 46 226; cables Wilson urging cease-fire, Kashmir, 21 230; and sinking of USS Liberty, 234; Kass, llana, 240 threats to Israel, 239; heads Soviet , 16 delegation to UN, 247-9, 252, 260; Katz, Samuel (Shmuel), 12, 351 meets Johnson at Glassboro, 248-9, Kaukji, Fawzi El-, 7, 10-11, 13,36 269,411; declines de Gaulle's Keating, Kenneth, 307-8 proposals, 251; opposes Israeli Kefar Etsyon (Jewish settlement), 2, 16, 62 counter-raids, 289; in Cairo, 323; 1973 Kefar Szold (Jewish settlement), 2 cease-fire proposals, 325 Keightley, General Sir Charles, 123, 146 Kreisky, Bruno, 302 Kendall, Donald, 298 Krishna Menon, V. K., 156-7, 161-2, 164, Khaddam, Abdel Halim, 352 172 , 22, 228-9 Kuznetsov, Vasily V., 164,265,267,269, Khartoum: 1967 Arab summit, 261-2, 411 276-8, 411-12 Khouri, Faris El-, 26 Khouri, Professor Fred, 33, 36, 240 Lall, Arthur, 195, 198,203,225-6,228,235, Khrushchev, Nikita S., 153,241 237, 241, 246, 250-2, 254, 257-9, 270, Kimche, Jon and David, 11 276,278,412,424 King-Hall, Stephen, 335 Latin America: draft Security Council Kiryat Shmona (Galilee), 343 resolution, 270, 272-4, 277 Kissinger, Henry: on making war, 240; and ,40 resolution 242, 285; on Middle East Lausanne Protocol, 1949, 65-6, 401 settlement, 287; on Eban, 288; Lavon, Pinhas, 107, 115 welcomes Egyptian proposal for Law of Return (Israel), 108 contact, 293; at May 1972 Moscow League of Red Cross Societies, 109 summit, 294; praises Sadat, 294; and Lebanon: and 1949 armistice agreement, 60, Meir's acceptance of land for peace 67-9,98,99-101; political changes, 107; principle, 297; meets Ismail, 298; border incidents, 187, 290; and succeeds Rogers as Secretary of State, resolution 242, 287; Israeli raids and 301,305; and 1973 war, 302, 307-11, retaliation against, 293, 298, 343, 349, 319-20,415; praises Elazar, 306; and 354; civil war in, 347; UN Interim Security Council meetings, 313-14; and Force in, 354 cease-fire proposals, 321, 325-6, 331-3; Leeds Castle (Kent), 355 and Egypt's war aims, 324; Lesseps, Ferdinand de, 121; statue exasperation at Israeli negotiating demolished, 163 tactics, 324, 346-7, 417; visits Moscow, Levi, Shabetai, 14 326; in Israel, 328; on cease-fire Levin, Harry, 11-15,24 violations, 329-30, 332; visit to Egypt, Liberty, USS, 233-5 331; and Egyptian Third Army, 332-3; Lie, Trygve: threatens resignation over US qualities and style, 333-4, 342, 416-17; attitude to Palestine partition, 10, 402; on Sadat's heroic gesture, 335; relations and Jerusalem Municipal with Fahmy, 337; relations with Sadat, Commissioner, 19; and Bernadotte, 19, 337; , 337-8, 340, 342, 26,397,401; and fighting in Palestine, 348; and Geneva Conference, 339-41, 21,394; sympathies, 21, 401; and 1948 416; disengagement talks with Dayan, cease-fire, 26, 27, 28, 35, 397; sends 340, 342, 416; jokes about Arabs and Truce observers, 28-9; and arms Israelis, 342, 416; and PLO, 344, embargo, 29; proposes visit to 417-18; and Sinai, 346; and US Bernadotte, 34; and reparations to UN, agreement with Israel and Egypt, 348; 45; criticize, 117; achievements, 417, 420; praises Sadat Hammarskjold succeeds, 140; and for Jerusalem visit, 418; on Arab Israeli borders, 395; and Palestine romanticism, 422 Commission, 396; peace efforts, 401 Kollek, Teddy, 242 Liu Chieh, 202 Kony, Mohamed Awad El-, 193,204,225, Lloyd, Selwyn: visits Nasser, 114-15; and 227, 233, 236 Glubb's dismissal, 115; on Kosygin, Alexei: and 1967 crisis, 195, Hammarskjold's view of Nasser, 118; 516 Index

and Aswan Dam, 120; dangers of withdrawal, 171; and possible peace appeasement, 121; Murphy meets, 122; settlement, 172; on Thant, 194; and chairs London conference, 123-4; and 1967 crisis, 201; on proposed naval Egyptian proposals over Suez, 125; and escort, 207; hopes for finality of 1967 Canal Users Association, 126; and war, 240; on resolution, 242, 285; Franco-British resort to UN, 126--7; at agrees to counter-raids against Egypt, Security Council, 128-33; meets Dulles, 288; Rogers visits, 292; denounces King 129; called back to London, 134-5; Hussein's United Arab Kingdom plan, joins Franco-Israeli negotiations, 293; accepts land for peace principle, 136--8; and Israel in Suez war, 143; and 297; and Habash hijack attempt, 301; Nutting's resignation, 146; and US and Kreisky, 302; on 1973 enemy war opposition to British at Suez, 154; and preparations, 303, 306--7; and 1973 war, withdrawal from Egypt, 157; denies 308-9, 311-12, 315-16, 321-2, 323, Suez collusion, 160--1 325-6; and Eban, 313, 324; and Israeli Lodge, Henry Cabot, 117-18, 127, 143, POWs, 323; and cease-fire negotiations, 145-6, 151, 157, 161, 167, 172,404 325-6; 328, 338; and cease-fire Logan, Donald, 137 violations, 329-30; agrees to direct talks Lohamei Israel (Stern Gang; ), 7, with Egypt, 333; message to USA, 335; 11,44-5 visits Washington, 337; and Geneva London conference, 1956, 122-6, 129 Conference, 340; 1974 government, Lorch, Netanel, 33 342; and agreement with Syria, 343; Lovett, Robert, 46--7, 50 retires, 345; and Jarring, 413, 423; on Luns, Joseph, 126 direct negotiations, 423 Luttwak, Edward, 241 Menzies, Robert, 123-5, 133 Lydda (), 31, 35-6, 61 Meron, Theodor, 30 Mindszendty, Cardinal Jozsef, 52 Ma'alot (Galilee), 343 Mishmar Hayarden, 28, 63 Malik, Yaacov, 300, 344 Mixed Armistice Commission (MAC): and McClintock, Robert, 41 POWs, 63; and demilitarized zones, 69; McCloskey, Robert J., 226 formation and role, 101-2, 111; McDonald, James G., 44-5, 47, 53 Israel-Syria, 104-6, 113, 197; and Macdonald, John J., 15 UNTSO, 120; Egypt-Israel, 197 McIntyre, Sir Laurence, 309, 313 Moheiddin, Zacharia, 200, 216--17, 237 Macmillan, Harold: and Suez crisis, 122-4, Mollet, Guy, 125, 127, 135-8, 143, 152, 155 126, 130; and Nutting's resignation, Monckton, (Sir) Walter, 126, 139 146; on Dulles, 148; and US pressure Moscow Summit, 1972, 293-4 on British financial reserves, 154; and multinational naval force: proposed (1967), Suez cease-fire, 155; succeeds Eden as 201,207,209-11,213,216--18 Prime Minister, 164 Munich Olympics, 1972,295 McNamara, Robert, 210-11, 225, 234 Murphy, Robert, 122 Magen, Brigadier-General Kalman, 321 Musketeer, Operation, 123 Mahgoub, Mohammed Ahmed, 250 Mamoun, Saad, 321 Nasser, Gamal Abdul: fights in Faluja, 54; Mandler, Major-General Avraham (Albert), as , 107; on Arab 312,321 humiliation, 109; and 1950 Tripartite Mareri, Count Vincenti, 153 Declaration, 113; Dulles and, 114; and Marshall, George, 20, 39-40, 45-8, 52, 58 Egyptian raids on Israel, 115; and Meir, Golda (formerly Myerson): on British Bandung Conference, 115; and Palestine policy, 9; meets King dismissal of Glubb, 115; Anderson Abdullah, 18; on Bernadotte, 25; as meets, 116; Israeli suspicion of, 116--17; Foreign Minister, 107; and preparations and Aswan Dam, 120-1; British view for Suez war, 127-8; on Iraqi troop of, 121; and London conference, 123-4; movements, 134; and Suez fighting, meets Menzies, 124; and operation of 143; in Paris, 152-3; and Suez Suez Canal, 126, 404; and cease-fire, 160, 162, 404; requests to Franco-Israeli negotiations, 136; in Dulles, 164; addresses General Suez war, 144-5, 148, 152,402; and Assembly, 165, 172; on US UNEF deployment, 157-60, 167, aide-memoire, 169; and Israeli 279-80, 404-5; and 'good faith' Index 517

agreement, 160, 255; and Saudi fighting (May-June 1948), 21-3, 394; support, 162; and Gaza Strip, 171, 173; Arab refugees, 36, 42-4, 54, 107, 109, and Shuqairi, 187; and USSR, 188; and 115-16, 188, 243, 245; All-Palestine 1967 military build-up, 189-90, 192, government proclaimed an independent 200; demands for UNEF withdrawal, state, 55; Security Council meetings on, 191-4, 407-8; and closing of waterways 188; activities against Israel, 222, 289, to Israel, 196-9, 203, 216, 223, 424; 343; 1967 exodus, 241-2; no reference confidence of military superiority, to in resolution 242,271,275,285; 198-9; and US peace moves, 200; armed guerrillas in Jordan, 290; under Thant meets, 205--6, 223; Soviet advice 1973 cease-fire, 328; Saunders on, 349; to, 212; rejects UN appeal for restraint, Carter supports, 351; and Camp David 212-13; expects Soviet support, 220; agreements, 358; see also Israel and 1967 military losses, 228-9, 232-3; Palestine Commission, 349, 395--6, 420 believes in US collusion with Israel. Palestine Conciliation Commission (PCC): 229-30, 234, 241; offers resignation, formed, 5-7, 65, 82, 399-400; 236-7; speech on political solution, 261; responsibilities, 6, 66, 70-1, 396, 400-1, 5-point peace programme with King 421; and Arab refugees, 44, 188; Hussein, 264; Beeley meets, 266; uninvolved in 1949 armistice esteem for de Gaulle, 268; accepts negotiations, 59; proposes division of Rogers plan, 288; death, 290; and Jerusalem, 107; relations with Jarring, 413 UNWRA, 108; settlement plans, 108-9; National Liberation Front (), 121 peace efforts, 188,401, 420; on June Negev: Bernadotte's proposals for, 31, 41; war, 263 Israeli claims to, 41, 45-52; 1949 Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO): cease-fire in, 53-4, 59-60, 97-8 organization, 187; and 1967 war, 219; Neguib, General Muhammad, 36, 52, 107 opposes 1967 British draft, 275; and Nehru, lawaharlal, 141, 158 resolution 242, 285, 299, 418, 425; and Nesterenko, Alexei, 237 1973 war, 318, 344; Arab recognition , 285, 324 of, 339, 345; Kissinger and, 344, Neuville, Rene, 15 417-18; UN accepts participation of, New York Times, 254 345, 349, 366; membership of Arab Niewenhuys, Jean, 15 League, 350; and peace process, 351-2; Nixon, Richard Milhous: and Middle East Israelis attack in Lebanon, 354; change settlement, 287; and War of Attrition, in position of, 425 289; and Sadat's assurances of Egypt's (Plugat Mahatz; Israel assault independence, 291; visits China, 293; unit), 7, 15 Ismail meets, 298; resigns, 305, 345; on Palmon, Yehoshua, 13 Soviet knowledge of 1973 war, 309-10; Panama, 123 and Israeli arms, 316; urges 1973 Pazhwak, Abdurrahman, 259 cease-fire, 326; on cease-fire Pearson, Lester: and Suez war, 149-51, 153; negotiations and violations, 329-31; and 156; and UNEF, 156, 158, 161, 167, UN observers, 332; on Israeli and US 403-4; and 1967 crisis, 207, 210 foreign ministers, 337; on Israeli Peres, Shimon: and arms supply, 27; attendance at Geneva Conference, 340; discussions with French over Suez, visits Middle East, 345 127-8, 135, 137; in Paris, 152; and 1967 North Atlantic Treaty Organization Council, crisis, 201; on proposed naval escort, 124 207; replaces Dayan as Defence Nutting, Sir Anthony, 133-4, 146, 150, 164, Minister, 345; becomes Prime Minister, 192-3, 220, 241 350; Sadat meets, 355 Pineau, Christian: on US naivete, 121; O'Ballance, Edgar, 307, 314, 316, 320, 326 Murphy meets, 122; in London, 125; oil: 1973 embargo, 324, 334, 337; supplies to and Canal Users Association, 126; and Israel, 360, 362 use of force, 127-8; in discussions with Organization of African Unity, 293, 350, Israelis, 127-8, 135-8; meets Lloyd, 420 129, 135; at Security Council, 129, 131-4; and Anglo-French-Israeli Palestine and Palestinians: British mandate agreement, 138-9; and Suez war, 143; in, 1, 10; partition, 1, 3-4, 32, 42; and Soviet threat, 153; and UNEF, 150; 518 Index

and end of Suez fighting, 155; and Reedman, John, 49-50 withdrawal from Egypt, 157, 162; Reich, Bernard, 260 settlement plan, 171-2; Eban meets, Reynier, Jacques de, 7, 11-12, 16,23,32, 171; meets Fawzi, 171 36-7,43,55,87-8 Podgorny, Nikolai, 248, 250, 263 Rhodes: 1949 armistice negotiations on, Poland: supplies peace-keeping units, 339, 5S-61, 400-1 342, 364, 367-8 Riad, Abdul Munim, 220, 228 Popovic, Koca, 129-30, 133 Riad, Mahmoud: and 1967 crisis, 192-3, Popular Front for the Liberation of 205,216-17,220; and war, 224, 227, Palestine, 290 229-30,233; and sinking of USS , 151-3 Liberty, 234; at General Assembly 1967 Port Tawfiq, 266 emergency session, 251, 260; calls for Pozhidaev, Dmitry, 199,212,234 Security Council meeting, 264; meets Prisoners of War (POWs): 1949 exchange Gromyko, 264; praises Kuznetsov, 267; of, 62-3, 69-70; 1967 numbers and attacks Goldberg and US policy, 268; treatment, 241, 243-4; 1973 Israeli, 323; and US-Soviet draft, 269; on British and 1973 cease-fire, 324, 32S-9, 333, draft resolution, 271, 276; message 337-8,343 from Rogers, 292; Bugus re-drafts paper, 292; on Sadat's demands on QalqiJiya, 131, 134 Vinogradov, 294; and Kissinger-Ismail Qibya (Jordan), 110, 112 meeting, 298; and 1973 war, 323 Qantara East, 313 Rifai, Zaid EI-, 340-1 Quandt, William, 210, 226, 241, 355 Rikhye, Major-General Indar Jit: and 1967 , 237-9, 244, 343-4 crisis, 191-4, 196-8,205, 220-1; commands UNEF, 221; in 1967 war, Rabin, Yitzhak: commands Haganah 229; on Arab military weakness, 232; Brigade, 16; and 1967 crisis, 190, 196, on Thant's actions, 407-9; on Israeli 201,209, 212, 214; in 1967 war, 232; on use of , 424 attack on USS Liberty, 233-4; on Riley, General William E., 39 Israeli occupied territory, 240; and US Roberts, Sir Frank, 52 9O-day cease-fire plan, 289; and Rodinson, Maxime, 9, 187 Jarring's peace proposals, 291; and Rogers, William: settlement plan, 288, 414, Meir's acceptance of land for peace 420; warns USSR on military aid to principle, 297; in 1973 war, 312; Egypt, 288; on Israeli rejection of succeeds Meir as Prime Minister, 345; Jarring's proposals, 291; visits Middle and Sinai agreement, 346-7; resigns as East, 292; conflict with Kissinger, 293; Prime Minister, 350; visits Carter, 351; Kissinger succeeds as Secretary of and Kissinger, 417, 423 State, 301 Rafael, Gideon: at UN during 1967 crisis, Roosevelt, Eleanor, 20 188, 190, 193, 195, 200, 204, 212-15, Rosenne, Shabtai, 58, 60, 275 219-20,406; and 1967 war, 225, 227, Rosh Pina, 15 231; and cease-fire, 236-9, 244, 247; on Rostow, Eugene, 201, 207 210, 240 Kosygin's UN speech, 249; and UN Rouleau, Eric, 229 1967 emergency session, 256; on Rubin, Jeffrey, 416, 425 Brown's views of Suez Canal closure, Ruegger, Paul, 23 258; praises Kuznetsov, 267; objects to Rusk, Dean: and US recognition of Israel, US 1967 draft resolution, 270; and 20; and Bunche's actions, 49, 52; and British draft resolution on withdrawal, arms supplies, 71; and 1967 crisis, 195, 276; on Jarring, 286, 414-15; on Israeli 207,209-11,213; and outbreak of 1967 counter-raids against Egypt, 288; on war, 225, 227; and 1967 cease-fire, 239; Bergus paper, 293: on 1973 cease-fire, on Glassboro meeting, 249; and Israel's 326; on UNEF, 408; on Kissinger, 416 annexation of East Jerusalem, 253; , 196, 228 Gromyko meets, 264; Dobrynin meets, , 22, 36, 66 265; King Hussein meets, 268; and Ramie, 3~, 43, 61 US-Soviet draft resolution, 269 Ras EI-Naqb, 58, 62 Ras EI-Nqura (Rosh Hanikra), 58, 60 Sabry, Ali, 292 Index 519

Sadat, Anwar EI-: on King Abdullah, 55; Schuman, Robert, 113 visits Moscow, 199; believes Johnson Scopus, Mount, 30, 56, 69, 91-4, 230 supports Israel, 241; on resolution 242, Seale, Patrick, 344 286; and Rogers Plan, 288; succeeds Security Council (United Nations): Nasser, 290; assures Nixon of Egypt's membership, 4-5; debates and independence, 291; Initiative for Peace, discussions on Palestine question, 8, 10, 291-2, 295-6; dismisses Sabry, 292; and 53, 111; calls for cease-fire, 13-14, 53, special envoy to USA, 293: and 112; and government of Israel, 21; and Moscow summit, 294; proposes direct 1948 cease-fires, 25-6, 33; 48; Israeli negotiations with Israel, 295-7; and representation on, 33; Bernadotte Kissinger-Ismail meeting, 298; and 1973 addresses, 34-5; and Jerusalem, 38; and war on Israel, 301, 307, 309, 318, 322; 1949 General Armistice Agreements, visits Jerusalem, 306, 352-3, 417-18; 70; Text of 19 October 1948, 79; arms military aims, 310, 317; and cease-fire embargo, 112; approves, Hammarskjold proposals, 314, 321, 323, 325-6; and mission, 117: Franco-British complaint navigation of Suez Canal, 317; dislikes of Egypt to, 126--7; and Suez crisis, Kosygin, 323; orders no withdrawal, 129-35; and Hungarian uprising, 140; 326; and cease-fire violations, 330; 1956 composition, 140; and Suez war, requests UN interposition force, 331; 141, 143-50; and UNEF, 151; meeting and aid for Third Army, 332; and on Palestine question, 188; meetings on request for Soviet troops, 333; 1967 crisis, 202-4, 212, 215-16, 220, differences with Assad, 334, 343; and 223; Thant reports to, 206, 222, 298-9 limitations of military power, 335; membership enlarged, 221; meets agrees to direct talks with Israel, 335; during 1967 war, 225-9, 231-3, 235-40, claims military pressure to resume war, 411; and 1967 cease-fire, 244-6, 248; 337; relations with Kissinger, 337, 346; and Suez Canal violations, 256--7; meets in cease-fire negotiations, 337; supports for peace formula, 266--8, 412; five Geneva Conference, 340; and draft resolutions, 269-74; authority and disengagement proposals, 342-3; rejects effectiveness, 285; considers cease-fire Sinai proposals, 346; opens Suez Canal, violations, 298-9; 1973 July-August 347; abrogates Soviet treaty, 350; visits debates on Middle East, 300--1; 1973 Carter, 351; at Camp David, 354-6, composition, 305; sits during 1973 war, 358, 419; visits , 355; shares 313-14, 329, 331-3; and UNEF II, 336; Nobel Peace Prize, 359; exasperation at and Geneva Conference, 339; peace delays, 359; and peace treaty, condemns Israeli retaliation, 343; 360-1,418-19; and Jarring, 413, 415; accepts participation of PLO, 345, 349, and US supplies to Israel, 415; 366; 1976--7 discussions, 349-50; on achievements, 419; and US public Lebanon hostilities, 359; slowness over opinion, 421; eloquence, 422; Palestine question, 396; Bernadotte self-confidence, 423; meets Begin in seeks advice from, 397; and Palestine Ismailia, 423; Israeli misinterpretation Conciliation Commission, 399; of,424 Franco-British vetoes, 402 Security Safad, 15 Council Resolutions: 42, 73-4; 43, 74; Safran, Nadav, 198 46,74;48,75;49,76;50,77;53,33, Samu, 202 78; 54, 35, 36, 78; 56, 39, 79; 59, 80; Saphir, Josef, 218 61,49,60, 67, ~1; 62, 50, 66--7, 81; Sartawi, Issam, 345 66,53,59,83; 72,71,84; 73, 84-5; 233, Sasa (Arab village), 2 231,280;234,233,280;235,236,281; Sassoon, Elias, 55 236,245,281;237,246,281-2;240, Saty, Dr Mohammed EI-, 17 267,284;242,246,270-1,278,284, Saud, ibn Abd al-Azy, King of Saudi 285-90, 293-4, 299-300, 324-7, 330, Arabia, 162, 173 349, 351-2, 354-5, 358, 360, 411-14; Saudi Arabia, 110, 162, 324 338, 326, 327-8, 347, 349, 351-2, 358, Saunders, Harold, 337-8, 349, 418, 421, 423 360, 363; 339, 363; 340 333, 363; 341, Scali, John, 301, 309, 313, 331 336,364;344,339,364;346,343,364; Schlesinger, James, 318 34~343, 365;350,365-6 SchOnau Castle, Austria, 302 S~rot, Colonel Andr~, 44, 80 520 Index

Sevres conference, 1956, 135-8, 402 for, 124-5; Egypt operates, 126, 131; Seydoux Fornier de Clausonne, Roger, 204 right of passage through, 166, 404; Shaiev, Brigadier-General Arye, 304 blocked in 1967 war, 240, 247, 258; Shalev, Mordecai, 320 1967 cease-fire violations and Shaltiel, David, 11, 30 supervision, 256-8, 263: Dayan's ideas Shamir, Yitzhak, 45, 302 on, 257, 292; bridging in 1973 war, 318; Sharabi, Hisham, 189 Israel crosses to West, 322, 323-4, 326, Sharar, Abd ai-Hamid, 352 329; Sad at opens, 347-8, 350; free Sharett, Moshe (formerly Shertok): as passage in Israeli-Egyptian treaty, 358, Israeli Foreign Minister, 3, 20, 108; and 361 Bernadotte, 27, 34, 39-41; and Suez Canal Company: nationalized by internationalization of Jerusalem, 42; Egypt, 120-3, 129-30, 402 claims Negev, 50; meets King Suez Canal Users' Association (SCUA), Abdullah, 61, 63; and Israeli 126, 128 occupation of Ras EI-Naqb, 62; as Sunday Times. 317-18 Prime Minister, 107-8; resigns (June Syria: in 1949 armistice agreement, 58-9, 1956), 110; Anderson meets, 115-16; 63.66-9,99; Mixed Armistice mistrusts Nasser. 117; and Suez war. Commission. 104-6; political coups, 141 107; Iraq plots against, 134; border Sharm EI-Sheikh, 141, 149, lSI, 168, 192-3, incidents, 187-8; defence agreement 197-8,219,232,405,407,410 with Egypt, 188; and 1967 crisis. Sharon, Major-General Ariel (Arik), 230, 189-90.200-1; in 1967 war. 224. 227, 232, 312-13, 315, 318, 320, 322, 323-4, 234-5; accepts cease-fire. 236-7; 327,353 casualties, 241, 335; treatment of Jews Shazly, Major-General Saad EI-, 306, 310, in, 243-4; and 1967 cease-fire lines, 315, 318, 320, 322, 323, 325, 326 244-5; intransigence. 261; accused of Sheikh Jarrah, 16, 22, 28 brutality. 263; opposes Britain's 1967 Shepilov, Dmitri, 129-30, 132, 153, 160 draft resolution. 275; and resolution Shertok, Moshe, see Sharett, Moshe 242.285,287; forces enter Jerusalem, Shevchenko, Arkady, 228 290; and 1973 war on Israel, 301-4, Shishakli, Lieutenant-Colonel Adib AI-, 107 306.313,315,320; requests cease-fire, Shlaim, Avi, 400 309,314; fighting skills, 312, 320; Shuqairi, Ahmed, 187-8, 219-20, 261 attacked in 1973 war, 318-320, 322; and Siilasvuo, Major-General Ensio, 315, 308, 1973 cease-fire, 329-30; 331, 336, 338-9, 347 non-participation at Geneva Sinai: and Suez campaign, 136, 138, 149, Conference, 340-1; disengagement 152; Israel withdraws from (1956-7), agreement with Israel, 342-4, 369; and 163, 165, 404, 413; and 1967 military Palestinian attacks on Israel, 344 build-up, 191, 196,209-10,223; Israeli successes in during 1967 war, 230, 232, Tabor, Hans, 195,203,225,227-8,231 240; 1974 disengagement agreement, Talal, King of Jordan, 107 306, 346-7; in 1973 war, 316, 320, 322, Tchikov, Anatoly, 153 323-4; Israeli withdrawal from Tell, Abdullah EI-, 23-4, 30, 55-6, 58, 61-2 (1974-5),353,357,360,417; JeWish Tell. Wasfi, 192 settlements in, 353-4, 356, 358, 420; Ten Plagues, Operation, 46 oil, 360; Egyptian sovereignty in, 360; Thalmann, Ernesto A., 242-3 1967 UNEF withdrawal from, 406-7 Thant. U: and 1967 crisis. 189-91, 193, 197, Sisco, Joe, 337-8 202-4; and Nasser's demands for UNEF six points Cairo agreement (1973), 338 withdrawal, 193-7,205,220,222,240, Sobolev, Arkady, 28, 143 406-10; mission to Middle East, 203-6. Spaak, Paul-Henri, 129-30, 161 209-10, 408; reports to Security Spender, Sir Percy, 164, 167 Council, 206, 222, 225, 409; appeals to Stein, Janice Gross, 417 Israel and Egypt for restraint, 212-13. Stern Gang, see Lohamei Herut Israel 220; and Eshkol, 214; on Federenko's Straus, Donald, 417 attitude, 215; and outbreak of 1967 Suez Canal: Egypt restricts passage through, war, 221; succeeds Hammarskjold as 112, 118-20, 187; Britain recognizes as Secretary General, 221; appoints part of Egypt, 114; Egyptian proposals Jarring, 222, 278, 286, 414; decides not Index 521

to convene Security Council, 223; and 154; threats to Israel, 152-3, 156, violation of UN territory in 1967 war, 188-9, 239; and 1967 Egyptian war 224-5; attempts to negotiate cease-fire, preparations, 198-200; role in 1967 225, 228, 235--7; and conduct of crisis, 212-13; and 1967 war, 226--8, Security Council meetings, 233, 238; on 232-3, 24~1; Security Council drafts, POWs and humanitarian issues, 241, 233, 235; breaks off diplomatic relations 243-4; and Israeli cease-fire violations, with Israel, 238; 1967 compromise 244; and UN cease-fire resolutions, 246, General Assembly proposal with USA, 413; and emergency General Assembly 259-60, 269; draft Security Council meeting, 246--7, 251, 260; on Glassboro resolution, 270, 272-4; military aid to meeting, 248-9; on Johnson's avoidance Egypt and Arabs, 288-9, 305, 316; of UN, 253; on Eban, 254; and 'good forces quit Egypt, 294: and 1973 war, faith' memorandum, 255; and 309-10,313-14; and 1973 cease-fire, protection of UN Suez Canal observers, 326, 330; proposes unilateral action, 257-8; final report on UNEF, 262, 331,334; supplies UN observers, 332; 279-80; favours additional observation supports Geneva Conference, 340, 368; posts, 266; praises Kuznetsov, 268; 1967 presence at Geneva Conference, 341; annual report, 269; and 4-power talks, Egypt abrogates treaty with, 350; 1977 287; welcomes US 90-day cease-fire joint communique with USA, 352, 377 plan, 289; and Middle East peace United Arab Kingdom: proposed, 293 initiative, 291; succeeded by Waldheim, , see Britain 305; qualities, 410 United Nations: Israeli Membership, 63-5, Thomas, Hugh, 147 83-4, 395; enlarged, 221; 1973 Thomson, George, Baron Thomson of observers, 331-2; and PLO Monifieth, 207, 246--7, 252, 258 participation, 345, 349, 366 Tiberias, 13-14 United Nations Charter: Articles 99, 21, Tiran, 192, 197 125, 194,401,409; 39,21-2,35; 40, Tiran, Strait of, 164, 166--7, 170, 172, 174, 34-5, 66; 41, 34; 51, 119, 154, 219; 97, 196--8, 206--8, 210, 213-14, 216, 358, 29; Chapter VII, 22, 35, 48, 168, 271 361-2 United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Tirat Tsevi (Jewish settlement), 3 266 Tito, Josip Broz, 251 United Nations Disengagement Observer Touval, Saadia, 412, 414, 416--17, 419, 421, Force (UNDOF), 305, 343, 359, 370 425 United Nations Economic and Social Transjordan, see Jordan Council,31 Trevelyan, Sir Humphrey, 144 United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF): Tripartite Declaration (25 May 1950), formed (November 1956), 140, 151-2, 112-13, 196 154, 176--7, 402; role and status, 154, Trotsky, Leon, 294 156--7, 159, 18~, 403; composition, Troutbeck, Sir John, 41 157-8, 184, 262, 404-5; deployment, Truce Commission for Palestine (UN), 5, 161-2, 165--8, 17~3, 255, 403-4, 406; 14,15,17,28-9,396 financing, 163; Regulations for, 169, Truman, Harry S.: and establishment of 179; and UNTSO, 178, 188; documents Jewish state, 2, 19-20; and British role on, 179-86; and 1967 military build-up, in Palestine, 9; proposes trusteeship of 1~1, 196; Thant and Egypt's demands Palestine, 10; and Jewish violations of for withdrawal of, 191-4, 197,202-3, cease-fire, 39; and Arab refugees, 43; in 205, 220, 222, 240, 254, 406--10; 1948 election, 46--7, 49; Israel policy, Advisory Committee, 194-5,410; and 48-9, 51, 54, 60; protests to Israel, 53; Egyptian blockade, 198; withdrawn and Israeli invasion of Jordan, 61-2; before 1967 war, 220, 249; involvement lifts US arms embargo, 71; and Israeli in 1967 war, 224, 226, 228-31; 1967 borders, 395 casualties, 241, 249; and 'good faith' Tuhamy, Hassan, 353 memorandum, 255; Thant's final report on withdrawal of, 262, 279-80; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR): reformed (as UNEF II) in 1973, 305, supports radical Arabs, 114; UN veto, 338-9, 342; deployment and role, 114; arms supplies, 114, 116, 141, 250; 336--7,342,347-8,358; mandate, 343, and Suez crisis, 128; and Suez war, 148, 346, 359-60 522 Index

United Nations Field Service, 401 resumes diplomatic arrangements with United Nations General Assembly, see Egypt, 342; agreements with Israel and General Assembly (UN) Egypt, 347-8, 418; 1977 joint United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon communique with USSR, 352, 377; and (UNIFIL), 354. 359 1979 Israel-Egypt peace treaty, 357--62 United Nations Relief and Works Agency Uniting for Peace Procedure, 1950, 145--6, for Palestine Refugees in the Near East 246,402 (UNRWA), 6, 54, 108,256 Urquhart, (Sir) Brian, 194,311,341,408 United Nations Security Council, see Security Council (UN) Vance, Cyrus, 305, 350--5, 358-9, 361, 418, United Nations Special Committee on 420 Palestine (UNSCOP), 1, 3-5, 9-10, 18, Vigier, Henri, 59-60, 63, 98 396 Vinogradov, Vladimir, 294, 307, 309, 317, United Nations Special Municipal 323,326 Commissioner for Jerusalem, 6, 19,396 United Nations Truce Commission for Waldheim, Kurt, 298-9, 305, 314, 319-20, Palestine, see Truce Commission for 336,341 Palestine War of Attrition (1969-70), 257, 288-9 United Nations Truce Supervision Washington Special Actions Group, 331 Organization (UNTSO): formed, 6, 37, Wasson, Thomas, 15 140,221, 396--7, 407; role and strength, Weizman, Ezer, 201, 322, 350, 354--6,358, 110--11,407; measures favoured by, 423 119; and MACs, 120; and UNEF, 176, Weizmann, Chaim, 2, 43 188, 204; and 1967 crisis, 217; Siilasvuo West Bank: incorporated into Jordan, 107, heads, 305; super-power observers with, 187; Israel occupies, 232-3, 240, 242, 332; UNEF II co-ordinated with, 337 247,344; demands for Israeli United States of America: in Security withdrawal from, 250; discussed at Council debates, 8, 10, 14; seeks to Khartoum summit, 261; Eban discusses delay establishment of Israel, 19; at UN, 265; 1974 discussions on, 344-5, recognizes Israel, 20, 63; threatens 417; Begin on, 353, 356; Carter on, action against cease-fire violations, 355; in Camp David accords, 356--9, 45-6; policy conflicts, 46-7; and 361 proposed regional pact, 113; stops arms Wheeler, General Earle, 210 supply to Egypt, 114-15; and Suez Wheeler, General Raymond, 162 fighting, 141, 143, 150, 154; Security Wilson, Harold: and 1967 crisis, 194, 202, Council proposals, 145, 150; and 1956 206-8,210,213,216; and 1967 war, cease-fire, 167-9; and , 226--7,230,247; visits de Gaulle, 251-2; 195,207,209-10; consulted in 1967 favours Israeli pull-back, 265; on crisis, 201, 208-11, 219; and proposed Middle East events, 267; Eban meets, naval escort for Aqaba, 201, 207, 268 210--11,213,216--18; and 1967 war, World Council of Churches, 243 226--7, 229-30, 232, 238-9; drafts for Wright, Peter, 121 Security Council, 235; accused of active support for Israel, 241, 246; 1967 Yal"in, Huseyin Cahit, 400 compromise General Assembly Yariv, Major-General Aharon, 316, 336, proposals with USSR, 259-60, 269; 338,416 1967 Security Council draft resolution, , 66, 191-2 270, 272-4, 278; proposes 9O-day (Jewish community in Palestine), 7 cease-fire and standfast, 289; supplies Yoffe, Major-General Avraham, 315 arms to Israel, 305, 310, 316, 319, Yost, Charles, 216--17, 287 321-2, 325, 415-16; role in 1973 war, Young, Oran, 423 310--11; and 1973 cease-fire, 321,327, 331; Arab oil embargo on, 324; and Zayyat, Muhamed El-, 308-9, 311 threat of Soviet unilateral intervention, Zeeland, Paul van, 19, 401 331,334; supplies UN observers, 332; Ze'ira, Major-General Eliyahu, 303-4, 306 and Geneva Conference, 341, 368; Zumwalt, Admiral Elmo, 319, 334