IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Denis Averdung
Chair meets ship - Wood Connection Techniques in Comparison
Wood was one of the most important furniturebuilding and cartbuilding in the materials in antiquity. Houses, carts, tools Mediterranean from Bronze Age to Iron and all different kind of things were partly Age. The consideration is, if the techniques or in general made of it. Wooden objects for very different objects give some seldom survived till modern times. This answers for the transition from sewn boats paper is concerned to compare connection, to ships with mortise and tenon joints. techniques in shipbuilding
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Luka Bekić and Roman Scholz
Fotobasierte Dokumentationsmethoden in der limnischen und maritimen Archäologie, A Case Study of a Shipwreck off Veruda Island
Eine neuere Methode wird unter dem Documentation Methods: A Case Study of Begriff Structure from Motion (SFM) a Shipwreck off Veruda Island) zur zusammengefasst und findet in den letzten Weiterentwicklung der SFM-Methode. Im Jahren zunehmend seinen Weg in die Rahmen erster Voruntersuchungen wurden Bodendenkmalpflege. Dieses, allein auf Testdaten, die bei Taucharbeiten im Bilddaten gestützte, Aufnahmeverfahren Mittelmeer und der Ostsee gewonnen ermöglicht eine relativ problemlose wurden, mit zwei SFM-Programmen Erzeugung von 3D-Modellen, mit denen gerechnet. Sowohl die kommerzielle anschließend sehr genaue Zeichnungen Software aSPECT 3D der Firma ArcTron, und Videoanimationen erstellt werden als auch die kostenlose Programmlösung können. Erste Tests in der Praxis haben VisualSFM lieferte verwendbare gezeigt, dass diese Methode auch unter Ergebnisse. Wie zu erwarten war, ist die Wasser einsetzbar ist. Structure from Erzeugung brauchbarer Bilddaten bei Motion wird in Zukunft zu einer enormen schlechten Sichtverhältnissen in der Ostsee Verbesserung der Forschungsarbeiten im (Sicht unter 1,5 Meter) eine große Unterwassersektor beitragen, da damit Herausforderung. Es zeigt sich, dass im gerade komplexe, dreidimensionale Vergleich zum Mittelmeer mit Sichtweiten Objekte gut zu erfassen sind. weit über 5 Metern, eine größere Anzahl Darüber hinaus bietet die Methode auch an Bildern für die Erstellung eines Models für Fundplätze in großer Tiefe, die für den in der Ostsee benötigt werden. Da dies die Forschungstaucher nur kurze Arbeitszeiten Arbeitszeit für den Fotografen unter zulassen, erstmals eine zufrieden stellende Wasser deutlich erhöht, wird im Rahmen Lösung. Die Qualität dieser Daten zeigt, dieses Projektes auch die Verwendung von das SFM grundsätzlich auch unter Wasser Videodaten getestet und für den eingesetzt werden kann. Das Potenzial Unterwassereinsatz angepasst. auch für andere Anwendungen, z.B. dem Im Vergleich zu bislang üblichen Überwachen von Veränderungen an Dokumentationsmethoden sind die Unterwasserbauten, kann nicht groß genug gerechneten Modelle um einiges genauer. eingeschätzt werden. Mit Hilfe der Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages werden die besseren Aufnahme der in situ Situation derzeitigen Erfahrungen und Ergebnisse des Objektes ist es nun möglich, selbst dieser Forschungsarbeit und der weitere komplexe Situationen für die weitere Projektplan vorgestellt. Dabei wird auch Bearbeitung zu dokumentieren. auf eine optimierte Datengewinnung bei Das International Centre for Underwater Tauchgängen und die zu verwendende Archaeology in Zadar, die Römisch- Ausrüstung eingegangen. Da gerade diese Germanische Kommission in Frankfurt a. Faktoren entscheidend für die Qualität der M. und die Hochschule für Technik und Modelle sind, wird diesem Aspekt in der Wirtschaft Dresden arbeiten derzeit an weiteren Untersuchung eine wichtige einem Projekt (The Analysis of Modern Bedeutung beigemessen.
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Mike Belasus et. al.
Between North Sea and Norwegian Sea – Interdisciplinary Studies on the trade of the Hanse in the North Atlantic
The German Leibniz Association founds archaeologist, a historian, an archaeo- the Project “Between the North Sea and the zoologist and a ship archaeologist. Norwegian Sea-Interdisciplinary studies on The basic research questions for the team the trade of the Hanse in the North are: Atlantic”. It started in February 2015 at the ― How was the trade organised in the German Maritime Museum and will last homeports and the ports of call? for three years. ― How were the merchants connected to The project is focussing on the trade of each other? German merchants with the North Atlantic ― How were the ships build that could sail islands of Faroe, Shetland and Iceland, the open North Atlantic? which was dominated by merchants from ― Had the North Atlantic trade an impact Bremen and Hamburg between the late 15th on shipbuilding or had the development century and ca. 1700. The main trade items in shipbuilding an impact on the trade? were stockfish and sulphur. ― Who consumed what goods and why? Compared to other regions the Hanseatic ― What was the nature of the impact of League’s trade with the North Atlantic these long-term trading relations on the islands was less extensive and important. islands societies? Still the presence of German merchants at their North Atlantic destinations had a Natascha Mehler major impact on the islands economy as Christian Küchelmann well as their social and cultural life. Bart Holterman Only an interdisciplinary approach allows Mike Belasus a thorough analysis of the relationship The German Maritime Museum between merchants and islanders. For this reason, a researcher team has been assembled consisting of a land
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Olivier Berger
How can we better preserved the finds and make underwater archaeology more accessible to the public?
We are developing the idea of how to keep involve the public in an underwater project visible artifacts in situ and display them in are rare, and so many times they stay in a an underwater museum. This concept has scientific form, without publications or been our main focus for more than ten displays to the public. years. Consequently the underwater excavation The challenges of complicated needs a budget that includes professional preservation, conservation of the objects in conservation, restoration and curatorial the natural but sometimes hostile management. Raising a lab with environment combined with the technical professional restorers and specialized limits to display artifacts underwater and equipment must be set up before any the considerable cost to realize a museum excavation and the costs have to be part of project under the sea, are unfortunately the the total budget from the beginning. Too reality. often neglected, the conservation and The stabilization and conservation restoration of the underwater artefact is a treatment are a necessary requirement real challenge on each excavation project. which keeps the objects hidden for In the last few years two projects have considerable periods of time. Some been done successfully with an “exhibition projects have been done in the past with concept", one about sunken cities in Egypt displays like show room-laboratories, open and another one about the Anticythera ship to the public, where treatment baths were wreck. like aquariums. But the opportunities to
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Massimo Capulli
In Situ Preservation: An Archaeological and Engineering Project in the Upper Adriatic Sea
Underwater archaeological heritage is technology. The video collected from exposed not only to natural environmental underwater cameras installed on the metal stresses, but also is threatened by human protective structure, and by surface activity. As a matter of fact, both cameras placed on a buoy in the vicinity of commercial fishing and recreational diving the site, are sent to a management and have caused considerable damage to processing system. This system, several major wrecks in the northern autonomous with respect to its power Adriatic Sea. The Archaeological supply, is the central node for video Superintendence of Friuli Venezia Giulia acquisition and recording. Part of the and of Veneto have thus initiated an images are radio-transmitted to a remote interdisciplinary collaboration with the server that is in charge of their distribution, University of Udine, involving the in order to permit a virtual visit of the site Department of History and Preservation of to remote visitors, as well as to identify Cultural Heritage, and the Department of potential threats that can be later Electrical, Management and Mechanical investigated with the help of the recorded Engineering, in order to develop a project video. The necessity of a stand-alone that has as its primary objective the system on the buoy and the distance from protection of underwater sites by both the coast impose stringent technological surface and underwater video surveillance. constraints on the efficiency of processing It was also decided to start an experimental and communication. These aspects trial on the wrecks Caorle 1 (I a.C.) and constitute the main technological Grado 2 (III a.C.), with the intention to challenges of the project. monitor the sites remotely using the same
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Deborah Cvikel
The Akko Tower Wreck (Israel): A multidisciplinary research project based on underwater archaeology
During the 18th and 19th centuries, the city wooden objects, stones, bricks, and of Akko (St. Jean d’Acre), with its ceramic tiles. harbour, was considered the key to the This multidisciplinary research project East, and was the centre of several combines underwater archaeology, history, important naval events. The shipwreck and geography. The artefacts are studied designated as the Akko Tower Wreck was typologically and by the relevant scientific discovered in Akko harbour in 1966, and methods: petrographic and neutron surveyed in 1975 and 1981. The activation analysis to determine the origin researchers came to conflicting of the stones and clay; and metallographic conclusions regarding the original ship. and chemical analyses to establish Following these, three seasons of manufacturing processes, date of underwater excavation were conducted in manufacture and origin of the metal finds. 2012, 2013 and 2015. Based on the ship's construction and finds, The shipwreck was found in 4.4 m of it is suggested that the Akko Tower Wreck water, and is 17.8 m long and maximum is the remains of a merchant brig, dated to 6.4 m wide. Among the hull remains were the first half of the 19th century, which the hog timber, rising wood, keelson and sailed to Akko from a western sister keelsons, hull planks, framing Mediterranean port. However, the full timbers, ceiling planks, and limber boards. story of the ship and its place in the Artefacts found include rigging elements, maritime history of Akko remains untold.
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Hans Wilhelm Daehnhardt und Hristomir Hristov
Der Sturm der Seevölker und die Seeschlacht im Nil-Delta
Im Mittelpunkt des Referats stehen die Fragen nach ihrer Herkunft wie ethnischer Ereignisse im Ostmittelmeer um 1200 v. Zugehörigkeit. Die Analyse schriftlicher Chr., die mit den Seevölkern in Quellen und archäologisch nachgewiesener Zusammenhang stehen. In einer kurzen Zerstörungshorizonte lässt vielmehr einen Einführung werden die Umwälzungen in bestimmten Algorithmus bei den Angriffen der damaligen Staatenwelt geschildert. erkennen. Dies erlaubt die Entwicklung Dann werden auf interdisziplinäre Art und eines theoretischen Modells zum Weise sowohl die historischen als auch die Feststellen nicht nur des Hauptzieles der archäologischen Quellen zu den Angriffen Seevölker bei ihrem Angriff gegen der Seevölker genauer analysiert, die zum Ägypten, das sich somit als Vernichten bedeutender Stätten unterschiedlicher und bedeutender als eine spätbronzezeitlicher Kultur wie einfache Plünderung erweist, sondern auch beispielsweise Ugarit, Enkomi, gewährt die Möglichkeit, einen Vorschlag Karkemisch usw. führten. Im Anschluss zum Bestimmen des Bereiches vom Nil- daran wird die Bedeutung der Seeschlacht Delta auszurichten, in dem die Schlacht im Nil-Delta hervorgehoben, die im 8. Jahr vermutlich stattfand. der Regierung des Pharaos Ramses III. Mit dem Referat wird eine Diskussion stattfand und bei der die Ägypter einen erzielt, die zu künftigen Forschungen und eindrucksvollen Sieg über die Seevölker somit zum Erweitern unseres errangen, wodurch ihre Expansion zu Ende Kenntnisstandes nicht nur zu den gebracht wurde. angesprochenen Fragestellungen, sondern Im Unterschied zu einer Vielzahl anderer auch insgesamt zu den Seevölkern führen Veröffentlichungen zu den Seevölkern werden kann. stehen aber hier im Mittelpunkt nicht die
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Katerina Delaporta
Methodology: Deontology, ethics and practice in underwater archaeology
The lecture attempts a retrospection then it approaches a range of ethical and introduction of underwater archaeology as practical issues related to the a sub discipline of archaeology. interdisciplinary deepwater archaeological Initially it examines issues of basic research and exploration. underwater archaeology methodology and Finally it gives a critical point of view of practice, focusing among others on the various modern practice ethics and politics variety of distinct terminology according of management, in accordance with local, of different cognitive fields, i.e. maritime, national and international law standards nautical, coastal, submerged, etc. from a and principles for the protection of social, economic and political perspective; underwater cultural heritage.
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Stella Demesticha
Amphorae as cargoes: from drawings to 3D models
Cargoes of maritime transport containers, little is known about amphorae as cargoes, commonly known as amphorae, are the beyond typological classifications or commonest type of ancient shipwreck sites provenance studies. in the Mediterranean. Amphora sizes in any given shipment can document very Recent developments in digital mapping well amphora standardization modes, and and 3D parametric modelling techniques as certain aspects of seaborne trade well as interdisciplinary approaches to the mechanisms, such as the measures and data acquired during excavation, have weights, while the stowage system in a provided new potential and perspectives on ship provides evidence of the the interpretation of amphora cargoes as sophistication in lading techniques and sources for the size and capacities of space arrangement on board. As the ancient ships. Such techniques have been conditions of wreckage vary significantly applied for the documentation of the from case to case, amphora cargo Mazotos shipwreck amphora cargo, a assemblages can be found today in fourth century BC site, surveyed and partly different configurations, such as scattered, excavated off the south coast of Cyprus, disturbed or coherent. The documentation which is discussed in this paper. Emphasis of any type of such shipwreck site is a is given to both the new technologies used difficult and painstaking process, because for amphora documentation and the the amphora positions are random and the different ways that these new tools have containers are rarely identical to each affected the process of archaeological other. Thus, despite the hundreds of fieldwork and the interpretative approach. shipwrecks with transport containers discovered during the last 60 years, very
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Jonas Enzmann and Feiko Wilkes
How to document a wreck that you barely see? Advantages of Structure from Motion in waters with visibilty less than one meter
This paper shows different examples of site, therefore we want to show how easily how Structure from Motion could applied you can apply the Structure from Motion on archaeological investigations in low technology to get an overview you would visibility waters. Background are never see in reality. The precept of our archaeological surveys from 2015/16 of the work is to be as cheap and time efficient as Task-Group for Maritime and possible. Based on our experiences the Limnological Archaeology of the goal of this paper is to propose a University Kiel (AMLA) in the Baltic Sea standardised fieldwork strategy for similar and the limnic waters with different depth conditions, that easily could be applied on conditions. other archaeological investigations. Due to low visibility often it is difficult to get a clear overview of the investigated
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Benedykt Hac, Andrzej W. Święch and Tomasz Neubauer
Interdisciplinary research of the sunken Legacy from World Wars
Both the 1st and 2nd World Wars left result smaller anthropogenic objects are numerous wrecks of ships and aircrafts in found and documented according to the Baltic Sea. Many of them are lying on archaeological standards. In addition, due the bottom of Polish waters. Often they to interdisciplinary research many of the are objects of interest for recreational and discovered objects can be easily identified technical divers, and less often for and the time and place of their origination scientists, especially in the humanities can be easily determined. area. Our initiative is the first of this kind in However, recently, in the last few years, Poland, to bring together archaeologists, research on selected shipwrecks has been oceanographers and historians in order to taken on by oceanographers from the investigate Word Wars' wrecks. Regardless Maritime Institute in Gdańsk. The aim is to of the fact that our common research and focus the impact of metallic wrecks on the collaboration is still in its early stages, we environment. However, this investigation would like to present the potential of, and brings out also much opportunity for opportunities for, this kind of research. information and chances for archaeological and historical studies. Thanks to progress Maritime Institute in Gdańsk, Operational in survey techniques we are able to survey Oceanography Department the causes of shipwrecks, with more Polish Naval Museum in Gdynia precision, with full seabed coverage. As a
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Kulesza, Wojciech
Interdisciplinary research of site Żółte in Poland
The site Żółte is an island located on Lake are not able to identify the most important, Zarańskie in West Pomerania voivodeship at least for archaeologists, investigated and is an example of early medieval aspects of the excavated area. settlement complex, excavated by Institute Very important role was also played by of Archaeology of the Nicolaus Copernicus conservation due to the huge number of University in Toruń. The research was finds in the underwater areas of Żółte site, undertaken both on land and underwater in whose inventory includes items of within the island, during which was also wood, bone, metal, fragments of clothes, used sciences such as archeobotany, jewelery or coins. archeozoology, dendrology, A summary of the current research is geomorphology and hydrology. contained in a monograph of 2014 „The Linking together these types of disciplines Island in Żółte on Lake Zarańskie. Early in course of archaeological research allows Medieval Gateway into West Pomerania” for more accurate understanding of site in edited by Wojciech Chudziak and Ryszard terms of its function or formation during its Kaźmierczak. use. Without this kind of contribution we
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Nili Liphschitz and Smiljan Gluscevic
Zaton Boat 2, Croatia: A Dendroarchaeological Investigation
The Roman harbor at Zaton (a village ca. length is about 15 meters and its estimated 15 km from Zadar) which existed as the width is about 4-5 meters. harbor of the Roman municipium of A comprehensive dendroarchaeological Aenona (today the town of Nin) was research of Zaton 2 boat carried out on discovered in the mid sixties. Remains of 2015 showed that the frames were made of vessels were found there and in 1982 two oak species: Quercus cerris (Turkey excavations have began which continued oak) and Quercus petraea (Sessile oak, with interruptions until 1987. Durmast oak) and the pegs inserted in The Zaton 2 Boat was excavated 28 years those frames were all made of Acer ago (during 1987) by Brusic and pseudoplatanus (Sycamore maple). The Gluscevic. It was attributed with certainty keel was made of Acer pseudoplatanus and to the Liburnian boatbuilding tradition. It its pegs were made of Abies alba was better preserved than the others, with (Common silver fir). The planks were 27 frames and a double base for fixing the mainly made of Fagus sylvatica (European mast. During the next 26 years the boat beech), but few were of Abies alba and of remains were preserved in a basin with Acer pseudoplatanus (a single samples). water and only two years ago, for the first The pegs inserted in those planks were time, Smiljan Gluscevic got the made of Abies alba and Acer opportunity to start working on Zaton Boat pseudoplatnus (one peg). The majority of 2. First were taken all frames, then the the UM floating samples (unidentified planks were cut in transversal direction just members), which were frame pieces, were below the frames and at the end the keel also made of Quercus cerris and Quercus was cut in few parts and taken out as well. petraea.. One UM floating frame sample The pieces which 'floated' around were was of Acer pseudoplatanus and two were collected too. The preserved length of the of Fagus sylvatica. boat is about 8 meters and the preserved Comparison is made with the results of the width is about 2 meters. The estimated dendroarchaeological investigation carried out several years ago on the two Nin boats.
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Andrey Vasilyevich Lukoshkov, Ageev Dmitriy Mikhailovich, Galaida Ivan Igorevich
The Atlas of undersea historical objects in Northwest Russia
The main direction of the National annually in the course of searching. Then Undersea Research Center's expeditions is the examination of findings, their the search for dead ships, the information identification, fixing their condition and about which is included in a special Atlas. position at the bottom of the sea are carried The search covers the waters of the eastern out. Usually the ships are in a good part of the Gulf of Finland and adjacent condition, though the hulls crashed at rivers and lakes, by which the trade depths less than 10 meters in open areas corridors between Europe and Asia have are often disintegrated or buried into the been passing since ancient times. Judging ground. In the latter case, probing of soil by the abundance of findings, the routes layer is used for fixing the remnants. The through the Gulf of Finland and along the methods of fixing the objects lying on the rivers of the region were used with high ground depend on their size, depth and intensity, although specific routes varied water transparency. The initial fixation is depending on the political situation and carried out by the acoustic survey of the military conflicts in different historical bottom relief, which allows receiving periods. Given the large water areas, the accurate images of the remnants, reconstruction of specific sailing routes determining their linear dimensions and made on the basis of archival sources are orientation in space. Then the the basis for the annual searching program. measurements of the structure are carried Areas potentially dangerous due to out, as well as the creation of photoplans or hydrographic conditions are shown in three-dimensional images at sufficient them, as well as the areas of active water transparency. The identification of hostilities, as it was in the case of findings creates more problems, as the reconstructing the Vyborg battle in 1790, variety of types of dead ships in age and during which over 60 vessels crashed in 7 identity is very large. areas. This approach has proven to be effective: up to 50 objects may be detected
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Iván Negueruela et alii
After the Odissey spoil: the archaeological Campaign of August-2015 in "La Mercedes",at 1.200 m. depth
We have made an underwater exploration january 2012 that S. Court decided that in the ship Nuestra Señora de las 600.000 silver coins were the property of Mercedes, the one who was violated by an Spain, and the coins came to my museum american treasure-hunting company, in decembre 2012. "Odissey marine Exploration", in 2007. So, in August 2015 we have made an The spanish government aplied to the exploration af the site at 1150 m. depth. Supreme Court of Washington, and in
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Andonis Neophytou
Managing digital mistakes: restructuring the documentation system of the Mazotos shipwreck site
According to Gould (2000:19) ‘the choice used. Since 2007 we have fine-tuned, of archaeological techniques and controls redefined, altered, complemented, to be employed at a particular site … is developed, subtracted, or abandoned perhaps the most critical decision the various procedures and methods. Seven archaeologist faces.’ The limitations on years of work have produced three surveying methods and the constraints of different kinds of data sets, acquired with the underwater environment often dictate more than seven different types of the objectives of an excavation project. software, suggested by three associates. In Hence, underwater mapping and 2013 the team decided to seriously re- documentation has long been a major assess and restructure the documentation concern for archaeology, especially before methodology. During this process, one the digital era. computer scientist and a multimedia During the last decade, digital technologies graphic designer worked together to and photography in particular, changed the regenerate the excavation, re-create and archaeological fieldwork process correct the position of 795 tagged finds in dramatically. These new tools facilitate the 3D model of the site. This paper detailed photographic documentation and discusses this new approach to underwater mapping. Reliable results, however, archaeological fieldwork since then, with require know-how from disciplines other an emphasis to the lessons learned, the than archaeology both in the fieldwork and choices made and the expectations for the the post-excavation data processing. future. The Mazotos shipwreck project is a Gould, R. A. 2000. Archaeology and the representative example of an excavation Social History of Ships. Cambridge: where such tools have been extensively Cambridge University Press.
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Sergey Olkhovskiy
Acoustic Profiling in Phanagoria water area in 2012-2015
Commonly used method of research of natural sediment stratigraphy. In 2012, bottom surface by side-scan sonar proved 2014, 2015 we tested 3 different profiling ineffective in Phanagoria’ water area: all systems in Phanagoria - SyQuest the ancient objects are covered with sand StrataBox, Bathy 2010PC Chirp, Tritech and silt, main part of the bottom densely SeaKing Parametric SBP. The analysis of covered with tall sea grass. Hydromagnetic these surveys is still going, but good survey shows good results in this case, but potential of acoustic profiling to search for it can not find local objects – like wooden objects of cultural heritage, covered with ships, clusters of local stones. bottom sediments, is already evident. Only acoustic profiler can identify such type of objects – by fixing anomalies in the
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Alessandro Pellegrini
GIS technology as a support for the interpretation of submerged sites and the reconstruction of ancient environmental
In recent years we had the opportunity to through historical, archaeological, test GIS-oriented applications in two very geomorphologic and palaeo-environmental different situations: one is an Intra-site investigations coupled with information project realized in a submerged Bronze retrieved by direct survey, in order to Age lake-dwelling, located on the southern realize an archeological map useful even as shore of Lake Garda (North Italy). This a cultural resource and as a tool for project was oriented to spatial analysis territorial planning. useful for building reconstructions and it’s These experiences testify that GIS based on the interaction among technology can be helpful in managing archaeological data, paleobothanic many different kind of data, coming out information and the results of a from a interdisciplinary research and topographic relief. The second project, connecting them to spatial data in order to conducted in the lagoon of Venice, was perform many analyses useful for the aimed to obtain territorial information at an reconstruction of ancient environmental. inter-site level ,by datasets acquired
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Roman Yuryevich Prokhorov, Igor Valerievich Galaida, Andrey Vasilyevich Lukoshkov. (Saint Petersburg, Russia)
Excavation and conservation of the German ship ‘Archangel Raphael’
The Museum of Navy of Peter I Period is structural elements and rising the small being established in Saint Petersburg. It is valuable items. A special photography to planned to exhibit both replica and create three-dimensional images was authentic ships of the beginning of the conducted at the washed-out sections. eighteenth century, the remains of which Simultaneously, the preservation of items have been found at the bottom of the Gulf raised was conducted. They include of Finland. Among the latter is the German preserved clothing (camisole, pants, leather cargo ship ‘Archangel Raphael’ built in footwear and belt), dishes, navigation Lübeck in 1693 and crashed while tools, guns, scales, etc. The excavations returning from Saint Petersburg in 1724. allowed the ‘opening’ of cargo barrels The ship has been found at a depth of 16 lying in the hold. The next stage involves meters and is relatively well preserved, the raising and conservation of cargo and although its stern part has collapsed. the elements of interior arrangement, as Research works were divided into several well as the raising of structure elements stages after searching for the ship, which previously collected from the marine hull. occurred in a short time. The first was to This enables the beginning of washing-out fix the marine hull and its fragments at the of the hull and its fragments lying around. bottom of the sea and the preparation of a Performing these steps is constrained by photoplan, which became a basis for the the buildup of capacities necessary for excavation planning. The second was the carrying out large volumes of conservation parsing of collapsed structural hull work. This is necessary because there are elements within the marine hull with their parallel works on washing-out, gradual marking and stacking at the bottom of the recovery and preservation of the remains sea. The third was the sediments washing- of the Peter I Navy battleship, which has out within the hull, fixing the found taken all the available capacities.
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Michaela Reinfeld
News from the Red Sea – The Underwater Archaeology Project of the University of Marburg
The ancient seafaring in the Red Sea, In contrast to the literary sources, the especially along the Saudi Arabian coast, is archaeological evidence indicate a archaeologically not well studied so far. different picture of ancient seafaring in the Only occasionally artifacts discovered by Red Sea. Shipwrecks demonstrate that the recreational divers reached the hands of the Saudi Arabian coast was not widely Antiquities Service or museums. A circumnavigated but deliberately systematic localization and documentation approached by ships. As part of a of the archaeological sites has not yet taken multiyear cooperation project between the place, but if one believes the literary Saudi Commission for Tourism and sources for seafaring in the Red Sea, an National Heritage (SCTH) and the archaeological investigation of the Saudi Philipps-University Marburg, these Arabian coast does not seem to be evidence of ancient seafaring will be promising. systematically located, documented and Already in the first century AD, the author studied for the first time. The presentation of the “Periplus Maris Erythraei” describes gives an overview of achievements so far the Arabian coast as inhospitable, with and future challenges. only a few ports but many dangerous reefs. Moreover, the inhabitants of the country Research Assistant Research are malignant. They attack people and Training Group 1878 “Archaeology of Pre- enslave the shipwrecked. It would be best Modern Economies” to make a wide berth around the coast and University of Cologne not to stop until more hospitable places are reached...
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Manuela Ritondale et al.
The Roman shipwreck of Punta dell’Arco (Ventotene) and the lead transport in the late Republic
The pivotal position of the Pontine Islands Manuela Ritondale - PhD Student along the main antique trade routes is IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca testified by the huge number of shipwrecks Piazza San Ponziano, 6 found in the area. Among them is one 55100 Lucca - Italy discovered in 1986 at the west point (Punta http://www.imtlucca.it/ dell’Arco) of the Ventotene Island in a [email protected] depth of around 40 m. It was carrying an uncertain number of lead ingots and Dr. Norbert Hanel amphora Dressel I B. A dolium was also Universität zu Köln found close to the wreck although there is Archäologisches Institut – Archäologie der no evidence that it belongs to the same Römischen Provinzen cargo. Albertus-Magnus-Platz The shipwreck of Punta dell’Arco has D-50923 Köln never been completely excavated and [email protected] documented, nonetheless thanks to chemical and Pb-isotope analyses as well Dr. Michael Bode, as typological and epigraphical Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum investigations carried out on a group of 14 Abteilung Forschung, Fachbereich lead ingots – now stored in the local Materialkunde Museum of Ventotene – important Hernerstr. 45 information like the dating of the D-44787 Bochum shipwreck or the reconstruction of at least [email protected] one stage of the ship’s journey, means where the ingots had been loaded, are now Dr. Peter Rothenhöfer available. Kommission für Alte Geschichte und Epigraphik des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Amalienstr. 73b D-80799 München [email protected]
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Felix Rösch
The late 11th c. Schleswig waterfront – infrastructure and organization of a major trading port between Viking Age and Hanseatic League
Vorbemerkung: Das Referat fällt in die Kategorie der neuesten Untersuchungen bzw. Ergebnisse in der Feuchtbodenarchäologie, geht aber auch auf methodische Fragestellungen ein, indem die Möglichkeiten der Prozessierung von größeren hölzernen Befundkomplexen mithilfe von GIS aufgezeigt werden. Inhaltlich liegt der Fokus des Referats auf der Organisation und dem Aufbau eines Hafenviertels in einem der größten nordeuropäischen Handelszentren des Hochmittelalters.
Schleswig, the mediaeval successor of the quickly reached out into the Schlei fjord well-known Viking Age trading place where large dams were erected in Hedeby, has recently moved into the focus alignment to the plots. While the major of new investigations. One aspect is the initiative behind these actions must be analysis of a number of old excavations, traced back to a high-ranked authority, whose features have always been most structures have been established connected to the harbour of Schleswig. As individually by different actors. settlement layers below the water table Furthermore several specific artifact types provided very good preservation proof the engagement of those people into conditions, large numbers of wooden the long distance trade. With the structures have been uncovered and well construction of plots and dams they created documented. Using GIS and database themselves properties on an advantageous programs these structures have been spot for commercial transactions. The systematically recorded digitally and structures provided easy and secure access analyzed in a whole for the first time. They to the Schlei and therefore to trading ships, draw an image of a complex and rapidly but they were also favorable for foreign developing waterfront in the transition merchants who were according to from the Late Viking Age to the High contemporary sources hosted by the Middle Ages. Within a time span of just 25 inhabitants. This attraction is to be years, a large part of the shore of the old understood as the main reason for the town peninsula as well as neighboring occupation of the Schleswig waterfront, shallow waters have been systematically whose outstanding rapid development occupied. Starting in the 1070ies with a doesn’t accidentally takes place in a period plot layout and a connecting road of increasing professional merchant infrastructure, the building activities seafaring.
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Laura Sanna
Man vs Robot in Underwater Archaeology: Advantages and Limits of Using Technology in the Study of a Wreck-Site
The possibility to investigate a submerged surveys, working with a team of divers and wreck-site by using different research underwater archaeologists to acquire new methods and devices has permitted the information about the shipwreck and its author to compare advantages and limits of load. During these two “human” diving different strategies. In this paper, the campaigns, the author has also been able to author presents a case study through which compare the differences between the use of it is possible to compare the results open-circuit SCUBA systems and obtained while investigating a submerged electronic Closed-Circuit-Rebreather site both with “robotic” and “human” systems. Being located at a depth of about operators. The paper deals with the 25 meters, this site has in fact permitted to research carried out on a Roman shipwreck evaluate which equipment and procedures with a cargo of roof-tiles sunken off can be considered more useful for Terracina coasts, in the Southern Latium underwater archaeological investigation. Region – Central Italy. From 2010, in fact, According to the data achieved thanks to this site has been first surveyed with this multidisciplinary approach, the paper different instruments, like ROV, SSS and will then try to discuss how and when the SBP and then by underwater archaeological instrumental survey can be archaeologists. After the instrumental considered self-sufficient and how and campaign, in fact, the author has when an integrated man-robot approach conducted, on behalf of the Local can provide a greater number of data. Superintendence, two different underwater
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Dimitrios Skarlatos and Eleni Savvidou
Coastal Survey of archaeological sites using drones
Nowadays, the use of 3D maps and attained accuracy, and therefore no orthophotos is widely recognized and attempts are reported for orthophoto accepted in archaeology as a standard tool production over shallow waters. for site documentation and excavation Additionally, lack of control points over progress monitoring. Such products can the sea further reduces accuracy. This provide much more visual information and paper suggests an iterative may be used as a backdrop for existing photogrammetric model for processing information to help interpretation and data over coastal sites, in order to produce understanding οφ the relationship among precise and seamless 3D maps and the site and its surroundings in a context orthophotos over land and shallow waters rich map. The latter is particularly up to 12m, depending on water visibility. important when conducting survey study of Two case studies in Cyprus will be an archaeological site, or in coastal areas. presented; Amathounta and Agia Napa. Existing mapping techniques for shallow The former one, will be used to explain the waters are either too expensive, or provide model and act as a test site with limited information. bathymetric points for model verification. The latter one, is a large coastal area that Drones and the aforementioned products, needed a fast archaeological survey. A are an excellent tool for bridging drone was used to produce a high detailed submerged and coastal structures, as well orthophoto which acted both as an as cost and rich visual information. overview map for planning exploratory Nevertheless, the water refraction in survey dive lines, as well as a backdrop to compination with the unknown depths finds. impose limits to the processing and
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Antonia Sciancalepore and Egidio Severi
New computer technologies applied to the underwater archaeology of Lake Bolsena (Lazio - Italy) excavations are restarted planning the The bottom of Lake Bolsena is an topographical positioning to make an extraordinary ‘container’ of different archaeological complete GIS of the village. archaeological finds: the protohistoric The results of photorestitution have settlement of Gran Carro, the two Bronze allowed us to reconstruct the living Age logboats (Punta Calcino and Monte sequences of the settlement and many Bisenzo); the wrecks of Punta Zingara applications of them permitted to study (Bisentina Island) and the most recent one better all the materials recovered during of Martana Island; the ancient harbours of the excavations on the site. Martana Island and Bisenzo. Since the development of the underwater Antonia Sciancalepore, archaeologist of archaeology, around the '60 years, the Centro Ricerche S.S.B., [email protected] researches have used the documentation techniques of the epoch. Nowadays, to Egidio Severi, president of Centro those documentations, starts to add new Ricerche S.S.B., [email protected] ‘informatic’ technologies that allow the development of the excavation data, to The Research Centre “Lake Bolsena Scuba complete and to make them more legible School” is an Association of volunteers, not only to experts, but also to the public coordinated and led by a highly qualified and the common visitors. Particularly, technical-scientific team and has the among 2012 and 2015, the researches at objective to became a reference for the the villanovian village “Gran Carro” are scientific researches of the lake. All the restarted, using new techniques of relief, operations and researches have been employing tools as the photo-technigraph, performed in collaboration with the that allows to perform a 3D restitution of Archaeological Superintendence for the the excavated layers. Besides, the Southern Etruria.
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Lucy Semaan
Surveying the waters of Anfeh, Lebanon: preliminary results and future prospects
This paper looks at the preliminary results Anfeh. It succeeded in providing a of a recent underwater visual survey of the preliminary assessment of the waters of the Anfeh peninsula and its archaeological potential of the area, while immediate coastal stretch, undertaken in recording the spatial distribution of October 2013. The archaeological site of artefacts, as well as the underwater Anfeh is located on a nose-shaped physical features. In order to carry out promontory called Ras el-Qalaat, some 70 successful and systematic diving km north of Beirut. The occupation of the operations, as well as to record the site stretches back from the Crusaders archaeological and topographical assets, an period to the Bronze Age. accurate bathymetry map of the targeted This underwater survey is the first area was produced. Meanwhile, the visual scientific endeavour to study the survey methodologies were adapted to the underwater cultural heritage at Anfeh. underwater geomorphology. Indeed, previous sporadic surveys were The greater potential of future research at undertaken in the seventies and in the early Anfeh lies in understanding the nineties at the site, and material was relationship its ancient peoples had with unsystematically collected. The 2013 the sea in terms of exploiting the maritime survey is the primary step towards a better resources, navigating its waters, and understanding of the maritime cultural accordingly modifying the landscape landscape of the Ras el-Qalaat and the through time. coastal stretch of the modern village of
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Francesco Tiboni
Instrumental Archaeology in Italy – Ten Years of Experiences in Different Scenarios
From 2004, the author has been involved has permitted to compare how different in different projects of underwater tools can be use, according to the purposes archaeological researches held by the of the projects. Starting from these ten Ministry for Cultural Heritage and years experiences, in the paper the author Activities of Italy around the coasts of would like to discuss the results achieved Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria, Tuscany, from a technical point of view, trying to Latium, Liguria, and recently on the Lake put in evidence the limitations of some of of Garda. During all these projects, the the instruments as well as of the possibility to direct the operations with underwater archaeologists involved in their ROV, SSS, SBP, MBES and use or interpretation. Particularly, this Magnetometers on-board the vessels has paper deals with the problem of the permitted to obtain important information interpretation of acoustic reliefs , of the about how different devices operate in reading of photogrammetry and of the different scenarios. Further, the possibility efficiency of the different instrumental to act often as SSS technician and ROV techniques, comparing what can be pilot, as well as archaeological consultant expected and what is obtained, while during Archaeological Impact Evaluation working in “commercial archaeology" or for marine infrastructure all around Italy, in “institutional research projects”.
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Sebastiano Tusa
The wide role of technology in the management of Underwater Cultural Heritage. Sicilian case studies
According to our experience made in the such device in comparison with ROV. frame of innovative European projects, ROV gave us the possibility to perform traditional sea surveys and excavations, as deep sea excavations using robotic arms well as in the field of underwater and remotely controlled water pumps. Mini archaeological sites management, we are in submarine gave the possibility to our the position to express our idea that archaeologists to investigate deep sea technology could be very important to wrecks staying for ours at few cms from optimize research, protection and their cargoes. The use of chips inserted in management of UCH. The use of archaeological objects left on the sea bed electronic devices (side scan sonar and gave us the possibility to avoid looting and multibeam) gave us the possibility to fulfill give to the visitor divers informations. very important tasks such as the discovery But, according to our experience, it is clear of Egadi Battle site, the discovery and that humane eyes and direct investigation study of deep sea wrecks in the Aeolina and analysis by archaeologists are islands, the study of naves lapidariae absolutely necessary. All those technical wrecks etc. The use of remotely controlled devices could be very important – we can video systems gave us the possibility to say that they are essential for UCH control underwater archaeological sites and research, protection and management – but let the people watch them inside museums only if their use is done in the frame of or directely on the web. Experiments done well settled projects run by human with AUV gave us the possibility to intelligence. understand the advantages and the bias of
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Kateryna Valetryrova
Metal Artifacts and Weapons from the Medieval Shipwreck in the Black Sea: Various Aspects of Research
The Center for Underwater Archaeology of ware, clasps, nails and other items the Taras Shevchenko National University compose the second group. of Kyiv has been excavating a 13th century The study of the weapons and metal Italian galley since 1999. The shipwreck is objects from the shipwreck requires situated in the Sudak bay, in the south- applying various methods. On the one eastern part of the Crimean peninsula, hand, we need to find analogues and to Ukraine. create the typology for our material. On the The archaeological material from the other hand we need to apply chemical and shipwreck site is presented by diversity of physical analysis. The important issues are finds. Weapons and metal artifacts are also the restoration, preservation and separated into two individual groups. The storage. Currently our research is in active first group includes daggers, chaps, phase, thus we hope to get new important fragments of scabbard, pommel of the results. sword and knifes. These steel and iron objects are mostly poorly preserved. Metal
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Chiara Zazzaro, Romolo Loreto and Enzo Cocca
3D Surveying of an Eighteenth-Century Merchantman off the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia
In September 2015 a team of the Saudi methods. Meanwhile, handmade Commission for Tourism and National measurements and drawings have been Heritage (SCTH) and of the Università di used for small objects, such as single Napoli “L’Orientale” started an underwater pottery artefacts and isolated elements of survey in the area comprised between the hull. Yanbu and Umm Lajj on the Red Sea coast A 3D survey of the wreckage area has been of Saudi Arabia. conducted by simply using an underwater The main focus of the survey was to camera. The images have been processed identify the location of an eighteenth- with the structure-from-motion (SfM) century merchantman wrecked at a reef to method. The resulting 3D model has been the north of Umm Lajj, off the Saudi coast. used to obtain orthorectified images which The wreckage area extends about 36 were used as a base map to extrapolate metres in length and 10 metres in width. plan views and sections of the shipwreck Parts of the hull and of the cargo are and its cargo. exposed and are clearly visible. The The results of the 3D survey of the Umm presumed stern area is characterised by the Lajj wreck will be presented. Problems and presence of a large mound of around one advantages of using this survey method thousand jars. will also be discussed. Surveying methods included the use of video recording and 3D reconstruction
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Abstracts
Vesna Zmaić Kralj, Jerko Macura and Igor Miholjek
Underwater Archaeology in Croatia – Scientific diving methods used in underwater research and surveys
The Department for Underwater This lecture provides an overview of Archaeology of the Croatian Conservation various scientific diving methods and Institute carries out systematic and techniques implemented during underwater protective research on underwater archaeological research. It displays archaeological sites along the Croatian examples of documentation techniques, in coastline of the Adriatic Sea. The situ protection, mixed gas diving, Department's field of work covers a large monitoring, remote sensing, underwater time span, and encompasses sites from photogrammetry and airborne laser prehistory, classical antiquity, the bathymetry. Examples shown in the lecture Byzantine period, Medieval and were utilized in the research of the postmedieval shipwrecks, and wrecks particular archaeological sites which were from the First and the Second World War. researched in the last several years.
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Arbeitsgruppe für Maritime und Limnische Archäologie
AMLA, which stands short for „Working allows the AMLA to conduct regular Group of maritime and limnic field trips with the research vessels FB Archaeology“, was founded in 1997. The Polarfuchs and FK Littorina into the Kiel members of AMLA are European Fjord, to survey, monitor and document Scientific Divers, and are mostly wrecks. Together with the Lighthouse archaeologists on different levels of Foundation the AMLA has built an education, but there also members from archaeological park under water, where related sciences like biology, geology or students and recreational divers can be oceanography. trained in proper diving methods at The primary task of the AMLA is to archaeological sites. The AMLA maintains conduct research on the Underwater a close cooperation with the State Cultural Heritage and bring it more into Department of Archaeology and the focus of the terrestrial archaeology. On the State Museum in Schleswig. Over the past other hand the AMLA wants to create a decade members of the AMLA took part in public awareness of the Underwater projects from the Lower Saxony Institute Cultural Heritage, which is endangered due for Historical Coastal Research and the to the building of pipelines, offshore Maritime Archaeology Program of the windparks and the deepening of rivers for University of Southern Denmark in economic purposes. Another important aim Esbjerg. is the education of the next generation of Since 2004, the working group‘s internet archaeologists in the special conservation site is available at www.amla-kiel.de. The situation underwater and the training of visitor will find general information as methods for excavation, investigation and well as news about on-going research interpretation in Maritime and Underwater projects and articles of completed projects. Archaeology. The majority of AMLA members were Arbeitsgruppe für Maritime und Limnische trained as Scientific Divers by the Centre Archäologie for Scientific Diving at the Institute of Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte der Geology at the Christian-Albrechts- CAU Kiel University. Another cooperation exists Johanna-Mestorf-Str. 4-6 with IFM GEOMAR Institute, which 24098 Kiel
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Poster
David Badovinac
Excavation and lift of the roman logboat from Ljubljanica river
The research of the logboat was part of a heritage to future generations. Raising large project partly financed by the EEA awareness of the local com-munity is one Financial Mechanism Programme 2009- of the fundamental tasks of the project. 2014 and conducted by the Municipality of The content and programs that concern the Vrhnika (Občina Vrh-nika), the Museum wider area of the Ljubljanica river create a and galleries of Ljubljana (Muzej in potential for the development of tourism galerije mesta Ljubljane) and the and an expansion of target audiences. Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Excavation and lift of the roman logboat Ljubljana (Univerza v Ljubljani, was lead by Institute of Underwater Biotehniška fakulteta). The project’s Archaeology. In the summer of 2015 we mission is to solve the most acute threat to began an underwater archaeological the unique monument in Slovenia, research which was focused on excavation, threatened due to its location, degree of documentation and lifting of the logboat. degradation and type of material. Our The research was performed by divers further objective is to allow a considerably from the Institute for underwater easier access to the cultural heritage and archaeology (Zavod za podvodno natural attractions of the Ljubljanica River arheologijo) with the help from the to the public and develop an efficient International Centre for Underwater platform for a revitalisation of heritage in Archaeology in Zadar. The poster will Vrhnika and the wider region. present our usage of 3D photogrammetric All results of the project are intended for as the sole method for creating the general public, and we strive to achieve archaeological documentation and the sustainable effects by searching for long- technique we used for the lift of the term solutions, which allow access to the logaboat.
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Poster
Marta Bajtler
Maritime finds from Berenike, Egypt
The Berenike Project is a Polish-American line. A lot still can be said about ancient expedition which is conducted since 2007 maritime activity. Thanks to the very dry in Berenike at Red Sea coast. This mission climate, organic materials at site were is a continuity of American-Dutch preserved very well. To this group belongs excavations from years 1994-2001. also maritime artifacts, like: ropes, brailing Berenike was located in II B.C. by Ptolemy rings, fragments of ship hull or fragments II on the Red Sea coast. At the beginning of rigging. Based on this finds we can also the port was used for reloading transport of try to explain the context. Some of them African elephants, which pharaoh used in were find in rubbish area, but another of his wars. The city very fast grew and them in probable harbor area. Based on became one of the most important coast kind of material, of which were they made center responsible for trade with Arabia we can also say a lot about the origin of and India. artifacts. Were they produced locally or Presently site is covered by sand of Eastern imported? Desert and moved from the present coast
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Poster
Andrea Breda et al.
Deep Water Archaeology in the Garda Lake – A Multi Disciplinary Aproach
The poster will present the methods historic wrecks and sites from 60 to 300 actually in use for deep-water researches in meters in the Garda Lake, providing high the North/Western area of the Garda Lake. quality pictures and maps. Further, it will discuss how the cooperation Lastly, the poster will present a new with the Ministry for Cultural Heritage and project, just launched, that involves local Activities, the ATENA CUMANA divers to map and protect historic sites in association and the local corps of Volontari the Western part of the Lake. del Garda has permitted to achieve important results in the field of underwater Dott. Andrea Breda (Ministry for Cultural archaeology. Starting from the presentation Heritage and Activities - Soprintendenza of the instruments and the techniques in per i Beni Archeologici della Lombardia) use by the latter for the research and Dott.sa Laura Sanna (ATENA CUMANA) rescues activities they use to manage on Dott. Francesco Tiboni (Université Aix- the behalf of the local office of Police and Marseille 1, CCJ UMR 7299) Navy, the poster will discuss how these Luca Turrini (Volontari del Garda – tools and methods can be applied to Nucleo Sommozzatori) archaeological and historical researches. Mauro Fusato (Volontari del Garda – It will even present some important results Nucleo Sommozzatori) achieved, as for instance the discovery of
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Poster
Anna Czerepok
Lake Kucukcekmece – forgotten harbors in the vicinity of Constantinople
Aim of the study was the analysis of the peninsula, under the water surface, there stone piers and underwater structures can be see an interesting structure. It occurring in the area of Lake consisted of precisely machined blocks of Kucukcekmece, located 18 km west of stone, remains of the wall, elements of today's Istanbul. Efforts were made to marble floor, as well as fragments of obtain information on the chronology, pottery and a significant amount of brick materials and function of selected objects. tiles. Summary of researche shows that in Attempt was made to understand the nature this place could be a lantern. The whole of the discovered structures that were complex is divided into three research analyzed in terms of their location, areas. Carried out excavations established cultural context and potential functions. the existence of two harbors, which are Research in this area had been conducted called Great and Little Harbor. Futhermore since 2007 by a team of Turkish Turkish-Polish research team conducted archaeologists. In 2014 a multidisciplinary next excavations in 2014 which revealed Polish team joined the project which another coastal structure. Further work will allowed to conduct direct observations. In be undertaken to determine its chronology 2008 and 2015 there were made and function. Kucukcekmece area is an geophysical surveys and sonar research extremely interesting settlement complex, which showed the existence of a stone which started in prehistoric times and was quay surrounding the peninsula. This existing until XI century. Found traces of a structure is located partly on the ground, great ancient buildings, as well as and partly under water. It may be a relic of byzantine churches, martyrium, large walls the defensive wall. At the shore remains of and cistern shows the great importance of columns, marble blocks and sarcophagus the region, and its character as a harbor are still visible. 250 m to the south of the seems to be undisputed.
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The Society for the Promotion of Underwater Archaeology (FUWA)
FUWA e.V. - Support for archaeological underwater projects
FUWA e.V. has already supported three We bring together interested sports divers archaeological research programmes in the and researchers and provide the former Croatian Adria: Project Gagiana, Project with a chance to actively engage in Caska and new in 2016 Project Šipan. underwater archaeology under professional FUWA e.V. supports official projects guidance. under the supervision of scientific and All FUWA e.V. divers are highly heritage authorities. During weeks of experienced divers in freshwater and excavation, FUWA e.V. divers have maritime environments and have taken part already conducted about 1,000 dives and in recognised training programmes on have supplied technical equipment and underwater archaeology. logistics since 2013. FUWA e.V. can staff extensive dive The Society for the Promotion of projects and will supply complete technical Underwater Archaeology (FUWA) is a and diving equipment, such as compressor, non-profit organisation. A major concern Nitrox filling station and Nitrox dive of FUWA e.V. activities is the training of equipment, diving cylinders, dredges with sports divers in theory and practice of pump, suction pipe and hose, lifting bags, underwater archaeology. A key element is floating work platform, gps-mapping the organisation and delivery of events and device, mobile office and so on. In special dive trainings on underwater addition, the FUWA e.V. can partially archaeology in cooperation with cover financial costs, e.g. of boat use, DEGUWA (German Society for the cylinder filling, board and accommodation, Promotion of Underwater Archaeology through members' fees and donations. e.V.) and VDST (Organisation of German Sports Divers e.V.) for sports divers. We are looking forward to you getting in Lectures, events, trainings: these events touch with us - at any time. serve the purpose of exchanging experience and information.
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Poster
Philipp Grassel
Mobility and sea trade of late Hanseatic merchants with Shetland, Faroe and Iceland. The sea shipping of Hamburg and Bremen with the North Atlantic area
Between the 15th and 17th centuries Bremen size of 60 last (120 - 180 tons) for the and Hamburg were the main Hanseatic bigger ships and an average size of 20 to traders in the North Atlantic area. Trade 30 last (40 - 90 tons) for the smaller ones. reached its greatest volume in the 16th The small quantity of wreck finds from the century. After the direct trade to the Island Hanseatic (and also pre-Hanseatic) periods was permitted in the late 14th century by the and the lack of precise ship measurements Norwegian authorities, Hansa merchants or constructional information in travelled to the North Atlantic area contemporary sources is the main reason regularly. The prohibition of foreign trade for the currently unsatisfactory state of the in the Danish realm, determined after 1604 knowledge of Hanseatic seafaring and A.D. by King Christian IV., finally shipbuilding. Especially in the North blocked the Hanseatic trade at the North Atlantic Islands, the archaeological Atlantic Islands. The main commodity of evaluation of possible medieval/late the north was the well-known stockfish but medieval wreck sites and harbour areas is other goods like sulphur, gyrfalcons, wool still only beginning and a lot of maritime cloth or butter were also traded. The ships archaeological surprises can hopefully be of the Hansa merchants had an average expected here!
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Poster
Lars Kröger
Within the network of fluvial ports Efficiency and infrastructural development of inland waters and their vessels
As a rule, trading centres depend on their A new project situated at the “Deutsches infrastructural links to regional and Schiffahrtsmuseum” in Bremerhaven will transregional traffic systems. The research fill this gap by collecting a suitable amount on ancient overland routes has already a of data, especially concerning the findings long tradition. In contrast, there is a of inland vessels, but also combing them considerable lack of studies concerning with written and iconographic sources. By waterways that eventually transformed comparing and contrasting the usage trading centres into harbours. Navigation histories of the rivers Main and Neckar on seas and larger lakes required human differing patterns of developments will be interference with nature only for the demonstrated and integrated into the binary creation of landing and transshipment correlation of “ships and harbours”. points. In order to make navigation Moreover, a catalogue of archaeologically possible on rivers, however, much larger attested inland vessels in Central Europe is infrastructural changes were required: river going to be prepared. The project aims at beds had to be cleared, towpaths were establishing a model of anthropogenous created, and already existing disturbances river development and transport in the of the cultural landscape (such as mill and Early and High Middle Ages, which will fishing weirs) had to be removed. When, form a solid basis for our understanding of how, and on whose account these measure harbour structures of this age. were implicated in Central Europe, is currently not known.
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Poster
Kuratorium Pfahlbauten, H. Pohl. crazy eye, R. Weßling
Structure from Motion zur systematische 3D-Dokumentation der unterwasserarchäologischen Grabung Seewalchen am Attersee, Österreich.
150 Jahre nach Entdeckung der ersten moderne Sicht auf das Phänomen Pfahlbauten in Österreich können durch Pfahlbauten ermöglichen. Das Pilotprojekt moderne wissenschaftliche Methoden 2015 dient der Sicherung und vollkommen neue und außergewöhnliche archäologischen Aufnahme einer Erkenntnisse aus diesen einzigartigen Abbruchkante in Seewalchen am Attersee. archäologischen Quellen unter Wasser Während dieser ersten gewonnen werden. Um die unterwasserarchäologischen Ausgrabung Oberösterreichischen Landesausstellung in Österreich seit 35 Jahren wurde 2020: „Versunken - Aufgetaucht. Structure from Motion zur systematische Pfahlbaukultur am Attersee und Mondsee“ 3D-Dokumentation eingesetzt. Erste besonders informativ und nach dem letzten Erfahrungsberichte zum Einsatz dieser wissenschaftlichen Stand zu gestalten, Methode für die flächige werden durch das Land Oberösterreich Grabungsdokumentation werden neue Forschungsprojekte realisiert, die eine vorgestellt.
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Poster
Barbora Machová
Archaeology of watercourse and water area. Development and methodology application of underwater archaeology in different underwater environments in the Czech Republic
The paper follows up beginnings of survey methodology of watercourse on the underwater archaeology in the Czech example of the Elbe River (Třikřižkova Republic and its applicable methodology. railroad) and water area survey on the Two underwater surveys were undertaken example of the Orlik Reservoir by 2015 in different environments. The (Korazovice-Vystrkov hillfort). main issue of this poster is to compare the
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Poster
Broder J. Merkel
GAUSS (German Academy of Underwater Sciences) e.V.
Aufgaben, Pflichten, Verantwortung Tasks, duties, responsibilities and und Haftung beim wissenschaftlichen liabilities regarding scientific work Arbeiten unter Wasser under water
Der innerbetriebliche Arbeitsschutz in In-house occupational safety in an einem Unternehmen reicht vom PC- enterprise is a wide field from a PC Arbeitsplatz, über Werkstätten und Labore workplace, working in workshops and labs bis zur Tätigkeit in einem Bergwerk oder or working in a mine or as diver under als Taucher unter Wasser. Für alle water. It is in the employer´s responsibility Bereiche muss der Arbeitsgeber geeignete to make dispositions needed to protect the Vorkehrungen treffen, damit es möglichst health of employees. These aspects will be zu keiner Beeinträchtigungen der discussed using the example of scientific Gesundheit der Arbeitnehmer kommt. work under water. This concerns the Diese Aspekte werden am Beispiel des education of scientific divers, occupational wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens unter Wasser safety regulations and the perspective risk erläutert. Dies betrifft die Ausbildung der assessment analysis with respect to the tauchenden Wissenschaftler, local boundary conditions at the working Arbeitsschutzanweisungen und die site. Notably the boundary conditions in jeweilige Risikoanalyse in Abhängigkeit Germany will be addressed. von den lokalen Gegebenheiten am Arbeitsort. Es werden insbesondere die Randbedingungen in Deutschland angesprochen.
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Poster
Małgorzata Mileszczyk
Wetland Battlefield by Muchawka River – Major Inconvenience or Local Heritage?
With the permission of the Masovian dredging. Moreover, the terrain was a Provincial Heritage Protection Office, in matter of a continuous interest of the September 2015 the University of “amateur antiquarians”, who were Warsaw’s Underwater Expedition began permanently robbing the site of the the new inland project. Muchawka, a small artefacts. river in eastern Masovia, was the landmark As a full-member of UNESCO UniTwin of the victorious battle of Iganie (the Network for Underwater Archaeology, we November Uprising, 10th April 1831). The are working on the basis of the team of archaeologists was joined by Rafał organisation’s statute guidelines Dmowski, the local history researcher and concerning the environment protection, the author of numerous publications therefore the project will be executed in the concerning the battle and supported by possibly least destructing way (on the “Our Iganie” Society. contrary to the deeds of the amateur The decision to catalogue the residues explorers association, that only lately from the river bottom was made because of gained a controversial legal permission to the massive destruction of the local area scavenge the site...). caused by the arrangements of the river
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Poster
Isabell Nittel
Ein Pfahlfeld und ein hölzernes Schiffswrack in Rostock Hohe Düne – Methoden und Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung im Rahmen einer Masterarbeit
Im Rahmen einer Masterarbeit wird von zu gelangen. Ob eine Interpretation mir zurzeit eine Untersuchung zweier möglich ist, kann jedoch noch nicht klar Fundplätze in Rostock Hohe Düne vorhergesehen werden, da die Arbeit noch durchgeführt, welche aus einem Pfahlfeld nicht abgeschlossen ist. Die Ergebnisse sowie eines hölzernen Schiffswracks selbst werden auf dem Poster auch bestehen. Die Fundplätze wurden 2013 vorgestellt werden. durch die Gesellschaft für Bei dem Pfahlfeld handelt es sich um ein Schiffsarchäologie Rostock e.V. gefunden circa 30m x 30m großes Feld, in welchem und seitdem betaucht. Die erhobenen massive Pfähle eine Art Viereck umranden Daten werte ich derzeit aus, beendet wird und zudem in der Mitte des Feldes zu die Arbeit spätestens im März 2016. Die finden sind. Die Distanz zum Ufer beträgt Methoden und Ergebnisse meiner etwa 200m. Das Schiffswrack befindet sich Untersuchung möchte ich gern als Poster an der nordwestlichen Seite des Pfahlfeldes auf der DEGUWA-Tagung im April 2016 und wurde wohl in Klinkerbauweise vorstellen. Dabei soll es eine generelle gebaut. Übersicht des Fundplatzes geben; zudem Bei meinem Poster handelt es sich nicht sollen die Arbeiten unter Wasser sowie die um neue wissenschaftliche Methoden und Methoden vorgestellt werden, welche von Techniken der Unterwasserarchäologie, mir angewendet wurden, um zu einem sondern um die Bearbeitung eines neu zufriedenstellenden Ergebnis, möglichst in entdeckten Fundplatzes. Form einer Interpretation des Fundplatzes,
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Poster
Detlef Peukert
Die mittelalterliche Mühle „mole zu ‚Wyrde‘: Archäologischer Erstnachweis in der Lahn bei Wetzlar - Die älteste Wassermühle in Hessen?
Bei der vom Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Seine Nutzung als Anker oder zum Hessen (Dr. Sabine Schade-Lindig) Festmachen an einem Anleger kann nicht genehmigten Unterwassernachforschung ausgeschlossen werden. wurde per Side-scan Sonar die 1314 Rillen, Gruben und Nuten am erstmalig erwähnte „Werderfurt“ mittelalterlich genutzten Stein im Stil wiederentdeckt. Tauchuntersuchungen der römischer Technologie weisen eine Bayerischen Gesellschaft für Vielzahl von Spuren auf, die den Unterwasserarchäologie (BGfU Technologietransfer nachvollziehen lassen. www.bgfu.de) ergaben ein Mühlenwehr So ist die Arbeitsweise des jüngeren der „mule de Werden“ (Ersterwähnung Müllers beim Schärfen des Steins im 1318). Dieses hatte Roman Scholz (RGK), Detail nachzuvollziehen. Selbst die Größe mit Jürgen Reitz vermessen. Erhalten blieb des mittelalterlichen Müllers ließ sich die ca. 80 cm unter Flussgrund liegende durch die Analyse bogenförmiger Mühlradgrube. Auf einer „Werth“ fanden Schärfrillen auf ca. 1,65 m kalkulieren. sich Bauholzreste und Pfosten der Mühle Die Dendrodatierung der erstmalig die von Dr. Thorsten Westphal zwischen archäologisch nachgewiesenen Mühle 1106 und 1199 AD datiert wurden. ermöglichte eine Datierung um ca. 210 Ein Mühlsteinrest nahe Typ Aventicum B Jahre vor ihrer Ersterwähnung. aus Eifel-Basalt wurde von Dr. Fritz Die Analyse der Urkundenbücher ergab Mangartz (RGZM) zwischen 800 und 1200 Evidenzen für den Untergang der Mühle AD datiert. Der mehrfach sekundär durch die Magdalenenflut vom 19.–25. Juli genutzte Läufersteinrest diente als 1342, einer Jahrtausendflut mit ca. 10 m Achslager des Wellbaums, Hochwasser. Kompositbodenstein und Gegengewicht.
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Inês Vaz Pinto, Ana Patrícia Magalhães, Patrícia Brum and Johann Müller
Troia: the largest fish salting production centre of the Roman Empire
The Roman ruins of Tróia, Portugal, are movement. Many of its fish-salting the remains of the largest fish-salting workshops are presently reached by the production center of the Roman Empire, tides and suffer a process of with 26 fish-salting workshops identified disaggregation. and a production capacity that surpasses In 2007, on the occasion of beach that of all other sites of the kind. Built in nourishment carried out partially in the the first half of the 1st century AD, it affected area, four workshops were developed into an urban settlement with covered with sand as a protective measure. houses, baths, cemeteries and an early Yet the protective effect will be only Christian basilica and was inhabited temporary since the sand is being slowly probably until the 6th century. taken away by natural processes so that the Built very close to the shoreline to ruins will again be exposed to the tides facilitate the transportation of fish, salt and after a few years. So the question is: “How amphorae, this archaeological site is can this important European cultural nowadays threatened by marine erosion, heritage be preserved for future due to the rise of the sea level and the generations?” periodic removal of sand by the tidal
IN POSEIDONS REICH XXI Poster
Marie-Claire Ries
Multidisciplinary Research on a Bronze-Age settlement at Lake Attersee (Austria)
The Austrian Alpine Foreland is home to conducted during an underwater numerous lakes but most of their inundated archaeological survey. The samples were underwater heritage has yet to be explored taken to Kiel University for further on an interdisciplinary level. New analysis. Providing a basic insight into the investigations have been carried out since human influence on the landscape was the 2013 at the protected UNESCO World main focus. The analysis was conducted Heritage site of Abtsdorf I. This lacustrine using a multidisciplinary approach, site is the first and until now, the only, including palynological investigation, in Early Bronze-Age lake settlement located order to develop a better understanding of in Austria. Since the inception of new landscape transformation processes and to investigations, intensive collaboration trace possible subsistence patterns during between paleoecologists and archaeologists prehistoric settlement phases reflected in has been necessary. Pollen analysis, in the palaeoenvironmental record. The particular, was applied to this site to gain results illuminate patterns in vegetation insight into the development of the cultural dynamics associated with human-impact landscape. Therefore systematic core history. extraction of sedimentary archives was