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Benjamin Woodworth & Cameron Rhode Designer Daniel Grove Cover Photographer UMBC REVIEW JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH 2015 vol.16 Sand (12 cm) (12 (15 cm) (15 Gravel (12 cm) (12 (15 cm) (15 Gravel Sand (15 cm) Sand 27 cm ↕ © Copyright 2015 University of Maryland, 27 cm 27 BaltimoreGravel County All rights reserved cm 27 (12EDITORS cm) Benjamin Woodworth & Cameron Rhode DESIGNER Daniel Grove COVER PHOTOGRAPHER Katrina Janson (12 cm) (12 (15 cm) (15 (12 cm) (12 Gravel (15 cm) (15 Gravel Sand Sand 27 cm 27 27 cm 27 Sand (15 cm) 27 cm 16 vol. 2015 GravelSand (15(12 cm)cm) 27 cm RESEARCH UNDERGRADUATE UNDERGRADUATE JOURNAL OF OF JOURNAL UMBC REVIEW UMBC GravelSand ↕ (15(12 cm) ↕ 27 cm Gravel (12 cm) TABLE OF CONTENTS Kendall Queen Modeling the Building Blocks of the Pancreatic Islet: 10 Connecting a-, b-, and d-cells Hollie Adejumo Evaluating the Ability of Low-Tech Processes to Remove 36 Bacterial Contaminants from Drinking Water in Kenya Sarah Klimek The Tragedy of Reluctant Compassion: Jewish Child Refugees 48 and Britain’s Kindertransport Program before the Second World War Boris Tizenberg 78 Darwinism and Moral Realism Alexis Rubin Effects of Social Skills on Hearing-Impaired Children’s 90 Academic Achievement: A Mediation Analysis Hannah Jones Philanthropy and Reputation in the Lives of Joseph 108 Townsend and Baltimore’s “public spirited citizens” Ryan Kotowski Reanalysis of Modern Colloquial French Subject Clitics 138 as Agreement Features Alexa White Residential Waste Analysis and Achieving Understanding 168 of Waste Management Infrastructure for Improving Sustainability at a University Caitlyn Leiter-Mason Evaluating the Success of Question 6: 190 A Case Study of Abortion Politics in Maryland, 1990-1992 Alana Lescure The Role of RpS9 in Ribosome Assembly and rRNA 210 Processing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 6 UMBC REVIEW 2015 vol.16 EDITORS’ INTRODUCTION Since 2000, the UMBC Review: Journal of Undergraduate Research has been a unique outlet to showcase research from UMBC students working with UMBC faculty. Volume 16 of the UMBC Review continues this tradition, with ten fascinating articles from students working in various departments across campus. The Review has a rigorous selection process: papers are submitted and sent out for review between May and September of each year, and the best among these are selected to become a part of the next edition, to be released in April of the following year. The UMBC Review provides an exclusive opportunity to UMBC students, for many of whom this is only the first foray of many into the publication process. We hope that publication in the UMBC Review will help these authors achieve their academic and professional goals, whatever these may be. We also hope that you, the reader, enjoy the great diversity of disciplines featured in this publication. The following articles are included in Volume 16: 7 Kendall Queen and his colleagues thoroughly analyze the behavior among cells of islets in the pancreas by EDITORS’ INTRODUCTION EDITORS’ simulating their secreted hormone interactions in various scenarios including physiological proportions of cells and spatial diffusion of hormones in a 3 × 3 × 3 islet. Hollie Adejumo and her research team evaluate three different water treatment methods as part of efforts to improve water quality in Isongo, Kenya. Sarah Klimek elucidates the ethical dilemmas surrounding Britain’s Kindertransport program leading up to the Second World War. Boris Tizenberg analyzes a conflict between the moral theories of philosophers Sharon Street and David Copp. Alexis Rubin explores the relationships among hearing ability, social skills, and academic achievement in children. Hannah Jones challenges the narrative surrounding Joseph Townsend, a figure who rose to prominence in Baltimore in the early years of American independence. Ryan Kotowski presents a reanalysis of subject pro- nouns in the grammar of Modern Colloquial French. Alexa White details the current habits and outcomes of waste disposal on the UMBC campus, and gives thorough insight on how to improve them. Caitlyn Leiter-Mason takes a critical stance on the Question 6 debate in Maryland in which the protections of Roe v. Wade were codified into the state constitution. Alana Lescure investigates the role of RpS9 — a ribosomal protein — in yeast cells, and demonstrates the consequences of its depletion. 8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS UMBC REVIEW 2015 Without the work of the faculty advisers and mentors of our student authors, the UMBC Review could not uphold the standard of quality that we strive for in the research that we publish. These faculty advisers provided guidance to their students that allowed them to produce these fine research papers. In addition, these mentors lent their support to authors as well as editors throughout the publication process: vol.16 Amy Bhatt – Department of Gender + Women’s Studies Lee Blaney – Department of Chemical, Biochemical & Environmental Engineering Erle Ellis – Department of Geography & Environmental Systems Marjoleine Kars – Department of History Lasse Lindahl – Department of Biological Sciences Stanley McCray – Department of Modern Languages, Linguistics & Intercultural Communication Bradford Peercy – Department of Mathematics & Statistics Jessica Pfeifer – Department of Philosophy Daniel Ritschel – Department of History Shuyan Sun – Department of Psychology The reviewers who contributed their time and effort to review papers for the UMBC Review have our deepest gratitude. These reviewers, experts in their respective fields, were able to ensure us that the papers in this edition are relevant and novel in their disci- plines. Unfortunately, in the interest of anonymity, we are not able to thank these reviewers by name. We are also grateful to the proofreaders from all over the UMBC campus who lent us their perspectives during the editing process: Lisa Beall – Office of Undergraduate Education Tim Ford – Illustrative Services; Biological Sciences Abby Granger – Department of Media and Communication Studies Delana Gregg – Honors College Sally Helms – Public Policy Janet McGlynn – Office of Undergraduate Education Andrea Miller – Dean’s Office, CNMS 9 Kate Phelps – Career Services Center Carrie Sauter – Interdisciplinary Studies EDITORS’ INTRODUCTION EDITORS’ Brian Souders – International Education Services Brian Thompson – Graduate School We would like to thank the following for their commitment to under- graduate research at UMBC and for their financial support of the UMBC Review: Freeman Hrabowski The Office of Undergraduate Education The President’s Office The Provost’s Office Last but not least, we are indebted to the faculty mentors who guide both the editors and designer through the long process toward publication. Their experience and support have been crucial to the realization of this journal. Susan McDonough – Associate Professor, Department of History Guenet Abraham – Associate Professor, Department of Visual Arts The editors hope that Volume 16 of the UMBC Review is as enrich- ing for the reader as it was for the editors to produce. EDITORS Cameron Rhode – Junior, Biological Sciences Benjamin Woodworth – Senior, Modern Languages, Linguistics & Intercultural Communication MODELING THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE PANCREATIC ISLET CONNECTING a-, b-, AND d-CELLS KENDALL QUEEN Co-Authors: Annie Dai1, David Palensky2, Alex Piatski3,and Gina Vockeroth4 1Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University 2Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park 3Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania 4Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Loyola University Chicago The spring semester of my sophomore year was at its close and I was excited to conduct research here at UMBC. When I joined the Interdisciplin- ary Program in High Performance Computing, an eight-week summer research program offered by the UMBC Department of Mathematics and Statistics, I was both ecstatic and anxious. I really was not sure what to expect, as this was my first research experience. From the first day of classes, my knowledge base was expanded. I had very little experience with high-performance computing and I knew even less about the functions of the pan- creas. What I did know was how to use the tools I needed to be successful in my research. I learned everything I needed to know for my project in just a few weeks. As a computer engineering major, I never thought I would work in biology again. Once I was introduced to the topic, I found that I liked to relate mathematical principles to biologi- cal concepts and processes. I now have a newfound appreciation and respect for biological processes and for the ability of science to cross fields of study to produce new knowledge. 12 UMBC REVIEW 2015 1 INTRODUCTION Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels. Type I diabetes, a result of destroyed β-cells, prevents the body from producing insulin in order to effectively decrease blood glucose levels. Type II diabetes occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin. The portion of the United States population that is affected vol.16 by diabetes grew from 8.3 percent in 2010 to 9.3 percent in 2012, or from 25.8 million people to 29.1 million people.1 The cells responsible for the regulation of blood glucose are found in the islets of Langerhans, located in the pancreas. While these islets contain five types of cells, we focus on the three major types – α-, β-, and δ-cells. The β-cells experience voltage oscillations when glucose is introduced. This is due to the closing of energy- sensitive potassium channels, or K(ATP) channels, leading to the flow of calcium into the cell, which results in insulin release. The α-cells secrete glucagon, whose levels rise when blood glucose levels are low, and glucagon levels are regulated by insulin and somatosta- tin. The δ-cells secrete somatostatin, which inhibits α- and β-cells in order to help control insulin levels. We are interested in modeling islets made up of these cells in order to further understand hormone or paracrine interac- tions among the cells. In order to accomplish this, we extend the Tri-Hormone Model, which simulates the interactions among the three cell types.
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