Troublesome disguises Managing challenging disorders in psychiatry Troublesome disguises Managing challenging disorders in psychiatry EDITED BY Dinesh Bhugra Professor of Mental Health and Cultural Diversity Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London London, UK Gin S. Malhi Professor and Chair Department of Psychiatry Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Sydney, Australia SECOND EDITION This edition first published 1997 © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 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The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Troublesome disguises : managing challenging disorders in psychiatry / edited by Dinesh Bhugra, Gin S. Malhi. – Second edition. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-119-99314-8 (cloth) I. Bhugra, Dinesh, editor. II. Malhi, Gin S., editor. [DNLM: 1. Mental Disorders–diagnosis. WM 141] RC469 616.89′075–dc23 2014029376 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Cover image: Giuseppe Arcimboldo [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons Set in 9.5/13pt Meridien by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2015 Contents Contributors, vii Preface, xi Part I: Challenging psychiatric conditions 1 Shared pathologies, 3 German E. Berrios and Ivana S. Marková 2 Paraphrenia, 16 Richard Atkinson, David Jolley, and Alistair Burns 3 Brief reactive psychoses, 27 Jüergen Zielasek and Wolfgang Gaebel 4 Cycloid psychoses, 44 Andrea Schmitt, Berend Malchow, Peter Falkai, and Alkomiet Hasan 5 Borderline personality disorder, 57 John M. Oldham 6 Recurrent self-harm, 67 Rohan Borschmann and Paul Moran 7 Finding the truth in the lies: A practical guide to the assessment of malingering, 85 Holly Tabernik and Michael J. Vitacco 8 Recurrent brief depression: “This too shall pass”?, 100 David S. Baldwin and Julia M. Sinclair 9 Conversion disorders, 114 Santosh K. Chaturvedi and Soumya Parameshwaran 10 ADHD controversies: More or less diagnosis?, 129 Florence Levy 11 Post-traumatic stress disorder: Biological dysfunction or social construction?, 140 Richard A. Bryant 12 Bipolar disorder: A troubled diagnosis, 153 Gin S. Malhi and Michael Berk v vi Contents Part II: Rare psychotic disorders 13 Misidentification delusions, 169 Michael H. Connors, Robyn Langdon, and Max Coltheart 14 Delirium, 186 Sean P. Heffernan, Esther Oh, Constantine Lyketsos, and Karin Neufeld 15 Paraphilias and culture, 199 Oyedeji Ayonrinde and Dinesh Bhugra 16 Pseudodementia: History, mystery and positivity, 218 Alistair Burns and David Jolley 17 Culture-bound syndromes, 231 Oyedeji Ayonrinde and Dinesh Bhugra 18 Delusional infestations, 252 Julio Torales 19 Baffling clinical encounters: Navigating a pain and psychiatric Quichua syndrome, 262 Sioui Maldonado-Bouchard, Lise Bouchard, and Mario Incayawar Index, 273 Contributors Richard Atkinson Consultant Old Age Psychiatrist, Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK Oyedeji Ayonrinde Consultant Psychiatrist, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK David S. Baldwin Professor of Psychiatry and Head of Mental Health Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK Michael Berk IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Department of Psychiatry, Orygen Research Centre, and The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia German E. Berrios Emeritus Chair of the Epistemology of Psychiatry, Emeritus Consultant Neuropsychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Dinesh Bhugra Professor of Mental Health and Cultural Diversity, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK Rohan Borschmann Clinical Psychologist, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK Lise Bouchard Director of Research, Runajambi Institute for the Study of Quichua Culture and Health, Otavalo, Ecuador Richard A. Bryant School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia vii viii Contributors Alistair Burns Professor of Old Age Psychiatry, Vice Dean for the Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, National Clinical Director for Dementia in England, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Santosh K. Chaturvedi Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India Max Coltheart ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, and Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia Michael H. Connors Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Peter Falkai Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany Wolfgang Gaebel Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, LVR-Clinics Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany Alkomiet Hasan Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany Sean P. Heffernan Schweizer Fellow in Affective Disorders, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. Mario Incayawar Director, Runajambi Institute for the Study of Quichua Culture and Health, Otavalo, Ecuador David Jolley Honorary Reader in Psychiatry of Old Age, Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Manchester, UK Robyn Langdon ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, and Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia Contributors ix Florence Levy School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales and Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia Constantine Lyketsos Elizabeth Plank Althouse Professor and Chair of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Bayview Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. Berend Malchow Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany Sioui Maldonado-Bouchard Research Associate, Runajambi Institute for the Study of Quichua Culture and Health, Otavalo, Ecuador Gin S. Malhi Professor and Chair, Department of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Ivana S. Marková Reader/Honorary Consultant in Psychiatry, Centre for Health and Population Sciences, Hull York Medical