DOCSLIB.ORG

1 Psychiatric Knowledge on the Soviet Periphery: Mental Health And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1 Psychiatric Knowledge on the Soviet Periphery: Mental Health And Psychiatric knowledge on the Soviet periphery: mental health and disorder in East Germany and Czechoslovakia, 1948-1975 Sarah Victoria Marks UCL PhD History of Medicine 1 Plagiarism Statement I, Sarah Victoria Marks confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract This thesis traces the development of concepts and aetiologies of mental disorder in East Germany and Czechoslovakia under Communism, drawing on material from psychiatry and its allied disciplines, as well as discourses on mental health in the popular press and Party literature. I explore the transnational exchanges that shaped these concepts during the Cold War, including those with the USSR, China and other countries in the Soviet sphere of influence, as well as engagement with science from the 'West'. It challenges assumptions about the 'pavlovization' and top-down control of psychiatry, demonstrating that researchers were far from isolated from international developments, and were able to draw on a broad range of theoretical models (albeit providing they employed certain political or linguistic man). In turn, the flow of knowledge also occurred from the periphery to the centre. Rather than casting the history of psychiatry as one of the scientific community in opposition to the Party, I explore the methods individuals used to further their professional and personal interests, and examples of psychiatrists who engaged ± whether explicitly or reluctantly ± in the project of building socialism as a consequence. I also address broader questions about the history of psychiatry after 1945, a period which is still overshadowed in the literature by 19th century asylum studies and histories of psychoanalysis. I argue that the generation of new theories of mental disorder often occured through interaction with other fields in science and technology; including cybernetics, genetics, pharmacology and ecology, with the resulting nosologies, aetiologies and therapies often sitting in theoretical incoherence with one other. The place of these scientific disciplines in the broader political culture of Cold War Eastern Europe is fundamental to disentangling how both normal and abnormal human behaviour was understood, and how this in turn shaped social and political thought under socialism. 3 Acknowledgments My first thanks goes to my supervisors, Sonu Shamdasani and Susan Morrissey for their support and advice during the PhD. I also wish to thank a number of members of staff at UCL who have informed this work, especially Brian Balmer and Jon Agar for their advice on the Science Studies aspect of the project, as well as Roger Cooter, Helga Satzinger, Carole Reeves and Wendy Bracewell. ,¶PHVSHFLDOO\JUDWHIXOWRWKHPHPEHUVRIWKH8&/&HQWUHIRUWKH+LVWRU\RI Psychological Disciplines for innumerable informative discussions, especially Matei Iagher, Sarah Chaney, Corina Dobos, Martin Liebscher and Arthur Eaton. In addition, the UCL STS History of Science Reading Group has been especially helpful, as were discussions with my students on the µ0DGQHVVDQG6RFLHW\¶FRXUVHWKHUH, µ(DVWHUQ Europe 6LQFH¶DW8&/ SSEESDQGµ(DVWHUQ(XURSHVLQFH¶DW6W0DU\¶V University, Twickenham. Many other colleagues have informed the project, most especially Mat Savelli ZLWKZKRP,¶YHEHHQWDONLQJDERXWSV\FKLDWU\XQGHU&RPPXQLVPIRUDORQJWLPH now, as well as Dora Vargha, Joao de Almeida, Oriana Walker, Lynne Williams, Chantal Marazia, Fabio de Sio, Richard Rawles, Claire Shaw, Paul Vickers, Simon Pawley, Nadège Ragaru, Rhodri Hayward, Bradley Matthys Moore, Benjamin =DMLFHN,YDQD9DMGRYi.DWHĜLQD/LãNRYi-HOHna Martinovic, Alisher Latypov, John Forrester, Hasok Chang, and Claudia Stein. ,¶PHVSHFLDOO\JUDWHIXOWRWKH,QVWLWXWIU*HVFKLFKWHGHU0HGL]LQXQG(WKLNLQ Berlin for hosting my research trip in Spring 2013, particularly Volker Hess, Maria Schlotter and the members of the Psychiatriegeschichte Arbeitsgruppe. Meanwhile, 0LOHQD-RVHIRYLþRYiDQG-DQ&KRGČMRYVNêDWWKH$UFKLYHVRIWKH$FDGHP\RI Sciences of the Czech Republic were immensely helpful and patient with my requests. I have also received generous funding and bursaries from the AHRC, the DAAD, the German Historical Society, the former Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, the British Society for the History of Science, and the European Society for the History of the Human Sciences. In addition, I was lucky to be awarded a six month Junior Research Fellowship at the Institute for Historical Research, University of London and would like to thank Miles Taylor for his advice while I was there. 4 Finally I would like to thank Robert Priest for always being there to cheer me up, in addition to his sound academic advice; and my husband Michael Marks for his support and patience, and his unsurpassed 24-hour editorial assistance. 5 Table of Contents Psychiatric knowledge on the Soviet periphery: mental health and disorder in East Germany and Czechoslovakia, 1948-1975 .................................................................... 1 Plagiarism Statement ..................................................................................................... 2 Abstract: ......................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgments: ........................................................................................................ 4 Table of Contents ........................................................................................................... 6 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 1: The Limits of Sovietization and Pavlovization: Psychiatry in the Early Years of Communism. ................................................................................................. 29 1.1 Narratives of late-Stalinism and Sovietization: Periodizations in the USSR .... 29 1.2 Czechoslovakia .................................................................................................. 33 1.2.1 Before 1956 ................................................................................................. 33 1.2.2 Destalinzation and Thaw ± From the Soviet Union to Czechoslovakia ..... 39 1.3 East Germany ..................................................................................................... 50 1.4 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 60 Chapter 2: Nosologies and Diagnostic Categories ....................................................... 63 2.1 Diagnostic Categories in the GDR and Czechoslovakia .................................... 65 2.2 Neurasthenia ...................................................................................................... 67 2.3 Schizophrenia and the Endogenous Psychoses: Karl Leonhard and Andrei Snezhnevsky ............................................................................................................ 74 2.4 Social and Political Functions of Diagnostic Categories ................................... 91 Figure 12GYUiFHQiWYiĜ$PHULN\ ...................................................................... 96 2.5 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 97 Chapter 3: Aetiologies ................................................................................................. 99 3.1 Environmental Aetiologies .............................................................................. 103 'LDOHFWLFDO0DWHULDOLVP3DYORYDQGDQµ2UWKRGR[¶0DU[LVW3V\FKLDWU\"103 3.1.2 Cybernetics in Czechoslovakia ................................................................. 105 3.1.2.1 Cybernetics, Medicine and Psychopathology .................................... 114 3.1.3 Human Ecology ........................................................................................ 127 3.2 Biological Aetiologies ..................................................................................... 138 6 3.2.1 Hereditary and Neuroanatomical Factors ......................................................... 139 3.2.2 Experimental psychosis and biochemical hypotheses .............................. 143 3.2.2.1 Pharmaceuticals, LSD and Psychosis Research ................................. 146 3.3 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 156 Chapter 4: Therapies .................................................................................................. 159 4.1 Sleep Therapy: Implementing Orthodox Pavlovian Therapeutics ................... 160 4.2 Autogenic Therapies: Innovation and Integration of Pavlov with Somatic Approaches ............................................................................................................ 162 4.3 Insulin Coma Therapy ...................................................................................... 168 4.4 Looking to China: Bringing Acupuncture to Czechoslovakia ......................... 169 4.5 The Prague LSD Psychotherapy Projects ........................................................ 175 4.6 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 181 Concluding Chapter. .................................................................................................. 183 Appendix 1: ICD-6 (1948) .......................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Medical Feminism, Working Mothers, and the Limits of Home: Finding A
    ARTICLE Received 1 Mar 2016 | Accepted 3 Jun 2016 | Published 12 Jul 2016 DOI: 10.1057/palcomms.2016.42 OPEN Medical feminism, working mothers, and the limits of home: finding a balance between self-care and other-care in cross-cultural debates about health and lifestyle, 1952–1956 Frederick Cooper1 ABSTRACT Post-war medical debates about the psychiatric consequences of married women’s economic behaviour witnessed far more divergence and collision between per- spectives than has often been acknowledged. Practitioners who approached women primarily as facilitators of family health—as wives and mothers—were mistrustful of the competing demands presented by paid employment. They were faced by a growing spectrum of opinion, however, which represented women as atrophying in the confines of domestic life, and which positioned work as a therapeutic act. Advocates of work tapped into anxieties about family instability by emphasizing the dangers posed by frustrated housewives, shifting clinical faith away from full-time motherhood, but nevertheless allowing responsibilities towards husbands and children to continue to frame argument about women’s behaviour. Doctors, researchers and social critics, in this context, became preoccupied with questions of balance, mapping a path which sought to harmonize public and private fulfilment, identity and responsibility. This article traces this discursive shift through a series of conferences held by the Medical Women’s International Association during the early-to-mid 1950s, connecting debates in Britain with systems of broader intellectual exchange. It enriches and complicates historical knowledge of post-war relationships between medicine and feminism, at the same time as offering a conceptual and linguistic context for modern discussion about work-life balance and gender.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development Concept of “Endogenous Psychoses” Helmut Beckmann, MD; Hermann Jakob, MD; Dieter Senitz, MD
    Clinical research The development concept of “endogenous psychoses” Helmut Beckmann, MD; Hermann Jakob, MD; Dieter Senitz, MD Entorhinal region he entorhinal region is an outstanding, differ- T 1 entiated “association center” within the allocortex. It is intimately connected with the hippocampus by way of the perforant pathway. It thus forms, together with the hippocampus, a multineuronal regulatory circuit at the center of the limbic system. Signals arriving in the entorhinal cortex proceed to the hippocampus, pass Several structural deviances in the brain in “endogenous through several synapses, and return, in part, to the psychoses” have been described over the last decades. The entorhinal cortex. This regulatory circuit seems to be of enlargement of the lateral ventricles and the subtle struc- major importance for the storage of orientation and also tural deficits in temporobasal and orbital frontal struc- for memory.2 tures (hypofrontality) are reasonably well established in Studies in primates have shown that primary cortical the majority of schizophrenic patients. We examined the fields and all secondary cortical fields with visual, audi- cytoarchitecture of these important central structures, tory, and somatosensory functions have reciprocal con- namely the entorhinal region and the orbitofrontal cor- nections with the entorhinal cortex, either directly or by tex (Brodmann area 11), which have been under meticu- way of the perirhinal area.3-5 The multisensory areas in lous investigation in our laboratories over the last few caudal portions of the orbitofrontal region, and the ros- decades. In a new series of schizophrenic patients and nor- tral and ventral fields of the claustrocortex, project mal controls, we made serial cuts of the whole rostral mainly onto the rostral fields of the entorhinal area entorhinal cortex on both sides.
    [Show full text]
  • Peter Riederer
    Profiles (List of Publications) February 25, 2016 Peter Riederer 1 1992 (419) Frölich L, Riederer P (1992) Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ: Biochemische Befunde und ätiologische Hypothesen. Therapiewoche 42 (9):500-505 (420) Riederer P, Lange KW, Kornhuber J, Danielczyk W (1992) Glutamatergic-Dopaminergic Balance in the Brain. Arzneim-Forsch/Drug Res 42 (I):265-268 (421) Gerlach M, Riederer P (1992) Biochemische Grundlagen der Psychosen. In: Der Medizinische Notfall VI. Proceedings, Interdisziplinäres Forum für Med. Fortbildung, Neuhofen/Ybbs, pp 65-71 (422) Riederer P, Laux G, Pöldinger W (1992) Neuro-Psychopharmaka, Bd. 1, SpringerVerlag WienNewYork (423) Berger W, Riederer P (1992) 10.2 Neurotransmitter-Regelkreise. Riederer P, Laux G, Pöldinger (eds) Neuro-Psychopharmaka, Bd. 1. Springer-Verlag WienNewYork, pp 225-271 (424) Müller WE, Riederer P, Kienzel E (1992) 9. Grundlegende Aspekte zur Neurotransmission. Riederer P, Laux G, Pöldinger (eds) Neuro-Psychopharmaka, Bd. 1. Springer-Verlag WienNewYork, pp 222-248 (425) Sofic E, Riederer P, Schmidt B, Fritze J, Kollegger H, Dierks T, Beckmann H (1992) Biogenic amines and metabolites in CSF from patients with HIV infection. Biogenic Amines 8 (5):293-298 (426) Riederer P, Lange KW (1992) Pathogenesis of Parkinson´s disease. Current Opinion in Neurology and Neurosurgery 5:295-300 (427) Gerlach M, Riederer P, Youdim MBH (1992) The molecular pharmacoloy of L-deprenyl. European Journal of Pharmacology - Molecular Pharmacology Section 226:97-108 (428) Hiemke C, Baumann P, Breyer-Pfaff U, Gold R, Klotz U, Müller-Oerlinghausen B, Rao M-L, Riederer P, Wetzel H, Wiedemann K (1992) Drug Monitoring in Psychiatric Patients: Which Approach is Useful to Improve Psychopharmacotherapy? Pharmacopsychiat 25:72-74 2 (429) Youdim MBH, Riederer P (1992) Iron in the Brain, and Parkinson´s Disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Isps Newsletter Use the Newsletter Objectives of ISPS ISPS Secretariat
    newsletter vol.4 no.2 - desember 2000 3 News from the chairman and the executive committee Quo vadis, ISPS 4 Quo vadis, ISPS? . we have to make efforts to develop an empathic 8 Task force on and individualized understanding of the many- revision of the faceted problems of our patients and to help their PORT recom- growth as human beings, based on this understand- mendations ing. This is the crucial starting-point of all genuine 10 News from the psychotherapeutic work. It should also form the ISPS networks centre of ISPS activities, the only world wide com- munity established for this purpose. 12 Speach of Prof. Yrjõ Alanen queen Sonja at the ISPS 2000 14 Review of ISPS Task Force on the PORT Psychosis: Psychological book Study Revision Approaches and their effectiveness 16 Review of book on group The ISPS Executive Board, This volume provides psychotherapy in its November 26, 2000 excellent reading of psychoses meeting established a Task throughout. It is also well Force on the upcoming edited and has an 11 How to form revision of the PORT Study exhaustive introductory local groups recommendations. essay by Brian Martindale which reviews the present 18 ISPS website state of therapeutic research. This chapter 19 Order form for alone justifies the purchase ISPS book of the book. 20 Membership (from the book review ) application form vol.4 no.2 - desember 2000 1 isps newsletter Use the newsletter Objectives of ISPS ISPS secretariat In this newsletter Yrjõ Alanen, • promote the appropriate use of The ISPS secretariat is a link one of the ISPS honorary life time psychotherapy and psychological between members and the executive members, is reminding us about the treatments for persons with committee, updates the website, prints developement for ISPS and raising schizophrenias and other psychoses and distributes the newsletter, keeps a important questions about its database of ISPS members and local present and future course.
    [Show full text]
  • On Freuds Construction in Analysis
    ON FREUD’S “CONSTRUCTIONS IN ANALYSIS” CONTEMPORARY FREUD Turning Points and Critical Issues Series Editor: Leticia Glocer Fiorini IPA Publications Committee Leticia Glocer Fiorini (Buenos Aires), Chair; Samuel Arbiser (Buenos Aires); Paulo Cesar Sandler (São Paulo); Christian Seulin (Lyon); Gennaro Saragnano (Rome); Mary Kay O’Neil (Montreal); Gail S. Reed (New York) On Freud’s “Analysis Terminable and Interminable” edited by Joseph Sandler Freud’s “On Narcissism: An Introduction” edited by Joseph Sandler, Ethel Spector Person, Peter Fonagy On Freud’s “Observations on Transference-Love” edited by Ethel Spector Person, Aiban Hagelin, Peter Fonagy On Freud’s “Creative Writers and Day-Dreaming” edited by Ethel Spector Person, Peter Fonagy, Sérvulo Augusto Figueira On Freud’s “A Child Is Being Beaten” edited by Ethel Spector Person On Freud’s “Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego” edited by Ethel Spector Person On Freud’s “Mourning and Melancholia” edited by Leticia Glocer Fiorini, Thierry Bokanowski, Sergio Lewkowicz On Freud’s “The Future of an Illusion” edited by Mary Kay O’Neil & Salman Akhtar On Freud’s “Splitting of the Ego in the Process of Defence” edited by Thierry Bokanowski & Sergio Lewkowicz On Freud’s “Femininity” edited by Leticia Glocer Fiorini & Graciela Abelin-Sas Rose On Freud’s “Beyond the Pleasure Principle” edited by Salman Akhtar and Mary Kay O’Neil ON FREUD’S “CONSTRUCTIONS IN ANALYSIS” Edited by Sergio Lewkowicz & Thierry Bokanowski, with Georges Pragier CONTEMPORARY FREUD Turning Points and Critical Issues KARNAC Chapter 2, “Construction: The Central Paradigm of Psychoanalytic Work”, by Jacques Press, first published in French in Revue Française de Psychanalyse, © PUF, 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • American Psychiatric Press Review of Should Be Highly Interactive
    1998 SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM COMMITTEE Seated (left to right): Drs. Butterfield, Panzer, Winstead, Muskin, Reifler, Balon. 1st Row Standing (left to right): Drs. Pena, McDowell, Levin, Mega, Shafii, Ishiki, Spitz, Millman, Clark, Goldfinger. 2nd Row Standing (left to right): Drs. Lu, Wick, Ratner, Belfec Hendren, Tamminga, Book, Freebury. 3rd Row Standing (left to right): Drs. Skodol, Greiner, Cutler, Weissman, Schneider, Hamilton. May 30,1998 Dear Colleagues and Guests: Welcome to the 151st Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. The theme for this meeting, which reflects our determination, vision and concern for every sector of American psychiatry, is: New Challenges for Proven Values: Defending Access, Fairness, Ethics, Decency As we work hard to build a better future for our patients, including children, minorities, the elderly and their families, there are some fundamentals we must keep in mind. Indeed, much of the scientific program addresses these issues. There are sessions on confidentiality, psychiatric education, ethics, the doctor/patient relationship, private practice, economics and managed care, as well as many excellent sessions on the latest developments in research and clinical practice. Two special "Days of Creation" have been planned for Monday and Tuesday, during which several sessions will highlight creativity. On Wednesday, selected sessions will examine "A Time of Violence." I am delighted that our international registration has grown so considerably over the past several years. That so many colleagues from around the world attend our Annual Meeting is a tribute to its high quality and diversity. At this meeting we will have a number of outstanding international guests, including leaders from the World Psychiatric Association, some of whom will make presentations and many of whom will represent their organizations at the Opening Session.
    [Show full text]
  • The Japan Psychoanalytic Society
    Newsletter No. 16 The Japan Psychoanalytic Society Scientific activities, news and events: July to December 2019 Scientific Activities 1. Founding Symposium of JPS Allied Centre: “On Learning Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy” September 29, 2019 I. Opening Lecture: “Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy in Japan: Learning from its History and Culture” Lecturer: Prof. Emeritus Dr. Osamu Kitayama Chaired by Prof. Mizue Takahashi II. Main Symposium “On Learning Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy” Chaired by Dr. Aya Wakamatsu and Prof. Takeo Tanaka Speakers: Dr. Tomomi Suzuki, Prof. Dr. Akiyoshi Okada, Dr. Aki Takano Discussant: Prof. Emeritus Dr. Naoki Fujiyama III. Clinical Discussion: “Learning from Dialogue: Case Presentation and Discussion” Case 1: Chaired by Prof. Atsushi Yamazaki Case Presenter Dr. Hideyuki Nawata Discussant: Prof. Dr. Masatoshi Ikeda Case 2: Chaired by Dr. Yuji Kawabata Case Presenter Dr. Nobuo Aida Discussant: Dr. Eri Kono 1 / 7 2. Invited Lectures at the 65th Annual Congress of the Japan Psychoanalytical Association, October 18 - 20, 2019 1. Symposium: “Oedipus Complex in Today’s Clinical Practice” Chaired by Prof. Dr. Arata Oiji, with one co-chair Speakers: Dr. Yasuhiko Koga, and two other speakers Discussant: Prof. Dr. Naoki Fujiyama and Prof. Hiroyuki Myoki 2. Luncheon Seminar: “Talking about Psychoanalysis in the Northern Japan” Speakers: Prof. Emeritus Dr. Masahisa Nishizono, and another Of the eight Clinical Case Seminar Courses, three JPS members served as supervisors. Sixteen JPS members served as lecturers and chairs for fourteen educational seminars. There were more than 900 participants in the Annual Congress including psychoanalysts, psychotherapists, psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses and other professionals. As shown above, members of the JPS continued to play leading and integrative roles in this event as before.
    [Show full text]
  • |||GET||| Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy 1St Edition
    PSYCHOANALYTIC PSYCHOTHERAPY 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Nancy McWilliams | 9781609181116 | | | | | Termination In Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy (Revised Edition) (Book Review) Strachan and D. RehfeldtOmission Training. Firestein, S. Sledge and S. Unpredictable factors influence the course of every analysis Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy 1st edition its termination. Zvolensky and G. Namespaces Article Talk. Fricker, and R. Phil might be especially interested in having these volumes Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy 1st edition to them These mechanisms become pathological when they inhibit pursuit of the satisfactions of living in a society. Kohlmaier, and M. SummersObject Relations Psychotherapy. MontgomeryBiofeedback. AciernoBehavioral Therapy: Instructions. When I protested that I had already said everything I had to say, she told me that had never stopped anyone else from writing a second book. PenixRelapse Prevention. However, due to transit disruptions in some geographies, deliveries may be delayed. LinehanDialectical Behavior Therapy. McKay and W. All rights reserved. Psychodynamic Community Intervention DowneyInterpretation. ShanfieldSupervision in Psychotherapy. WoodsHOme-Based Reinforcement. Most entries about therapies include a descriptive overview of the treatment, its theoretical basis, applications and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy 1st edition with regard to population, empirical studies, case illustrations, and a summary; all entries include an outline, glossary, cross-references, and list of further readings. First impressions of long ago were not completely off the mark. Freud, S. DowdVicarious Extinction. Behavior Therapy. Get exclusive access to content from our First Edition with your subscription. Parent-infant Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Psychoanalytic diagnosis : Understanding personality structure in the clinical process 2nd ed. These works may be read online, downloaded for personal or educational use, or the URL of a document from this server included in another electronic document.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicine@Yale
    may 2012 volume 8, issue 2 Advancing Biomedical Science, Education, and Health Care Honoring an RNA pioneer, backing science’s next generation In 2007, Natalia B. Ivanova, ph.d., provides young scientists with sup- deceased), a Yale College alumnus arrived at the School of Medicine port that allows them to focus on and physician-scientist at Harvard with ambitious plans. A rising star in science during their earliest years as Medical School and Massachusetts stem cell biology, she had just left a independent researchers rather than General Hospital for five decades. postdoctoral fellowship at Princeton, scramble for funding. Now McCluskey has created a and her first order of business was to The brainchild of Dean Robert J. second Yale Scholar endowment, hire a team for her Yale laboratory. Alpern m.d., the Yale Scholars Award named for Joan A. Steitz, ph.d., Most medical investigators are provides $250,000 per year for four Sterling Professor of Molecular Bio- funded not from a central budget, years to cover salary and start-up physics and Biochemistry, Howard but through grants from the govern- costs for a promising new faculty shapiro harold Hughes Medical Institute investiga- ment or other institutions. Young member at the School of Medicine. (From left) Joan Steitz has been honored by a tor, and pioneer in the study of rna. scientists are pressed to win sup- “This was a tremendous advan- new Yale Scholar fund endowed by Donald Mc- Steitz has said that she “fell in port from these backers, who tend tage, allowing me to get right to Cluskey, the eighth such fund in the initiative love with rna” as a college student in to favor established researchers.
    [Show full text]
  • DP-Depression and Immune System.Pdf
    Reviews/Mini-reviews Information Processing and Attentional Dysfunctions as Vulnerability Indicators in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Rikke Bredgaard and Birte Y. Glenthøj 5 Stress, Depression and the Activation of the Immune System Brian Leonard 17 A Review of 19 Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Studies in Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) Marcio Versiani 27 Original Investigations/Summaries of Original Research The Genetic Heterogeneity of "Schizophrenia" Helmut Beckmann and Ernst Franzek 35 Viewpoints Reappraisal of Dementia Praecox: Focus on Clinical Psychopathology Carlos Roberto Hojaij 43 Case Reports/Case Series Psychopathological Changes Preceding Motor Symptoms in Huntington's Disease: A Report on Four Cases Benedikt Amann, Andrea Sterr, Heike Thoma, Thomas Messer, Hans-Peter Kapfhammer and Heinz Grunze 55 Amantadine-Induced Multiple Spike Waves on an Electroencephalogram of a Schizophrenic Patient Katsuya Ohta, Eisuke Matsushim, Masato Matsuura, Michio Toru and Takuya Kojima 59 World J Biol Psychiatry (2000) 1, 5 - 15 L REVIEW/MINI-REVIEW Information Processing and Attentional Dysfunctions as Vulnerability Indicators in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Rikke Bredgaard and Birte Y. Glenthøj University of Copenhagen, Department of Psychiatry, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Summary Introduction The schizotypal personality disorder is believed to The theory of a schizophrenic spectrum be part of the schizophrenic spectrum of disorders originates from the observation that including schizophrenic patients as well as some of schizophrenics and schizotypal disordered their seemingly unaffected relatives with discreet subjects share common clinical traits, and from symptoms. Spectrum-individuals are characterised genetic studies which have documented an by a genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia. The etiologic relationship (Parnas 1997). The vulnerability is connected with neurocognitive spectrum encompasses a continuum of deficits independent of clinical state.
    [Show full text]
  • Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard Phenotypes of Endogenous Psychoses: a Review of Their Validity Jack R
    Original article Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard phenotypes of endogenous psychoses: a review of their validity Jack R. Foucher, MD, PhD; Micha Gawlik, MD; Julian N. Roth, MD; Clément de Crespin de Billy, MD; Ludovic C. Jeanjean, MD, MNeuroSci; Alexandre Obrecht, MPsych; Olivier Mainberger, MD; Julie M. E. Clauss, MD, MPhilSt; Julien Elowe, MD; Sébastien Weibel, MD, PhD; Benoit Schorr, MD, MNeuroSci; Marcelo Cetkovich, MD; Carlos Morra, MD; Federico Rebok, MD; Thomas A. Ban, MD; Barbara Bollmann, MD; Mathilde M. Roser, MD; Markus S. Hanke, MD; Burkhard E. Jabs, MD; Ernst J. Franzek, MD; Fabrice Berna, MD, PhD; Bruno Pfuhlmann, MD While the ICD-DSM paradigm has been a major advance in clinical psychiatry, its usefulness for biological psychiatry is debated. By defining consensus-based disorders rather than empirically driven phenotypes, consensus classifications were not an implementation of the biomedical paradigm. In the field of endogenous psychoses, the Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard (WKL) pathway has optimized the descriptions of 35 major phenotypes using common medical heuristics on lifelong diachronic observations. Regarding their construct validity, WKL phenotypes have good reliability and predictive and face validity. WKL phenotypes come with remarkable evidence for differential validity on age of onset, familiality, pregnancy complications, precipitating factors, and treatment response. Most impressive is the replicated separation of high- and low-familiality phenotypes. Created in the purest tradition of the biomedical paradigm, the WKL phenotypes
    [Show full text]
  • December 2013
    HEBREW TABERNACLEBULLETIN NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2013 CHESHVAN-TEVET/TEVET-SH’VAT 5774 VOLUME LXXXII | ISSUE 25 RABBI’S MESSAGE ngraved on the walls of the exit of Yad V’Shem are immortal words attributed to the Baal ShemTov:“Forgetfulness leads to T’FILLAHSCHEDULE Eexile, but remembrance is the beginning of redemption.”Per- November 2013 CHESHVAN-TEVET 5774 haps in response to these words, Herman Wouk undertook a thir- Friday, November 1, 2013 CHESVAN 28 teen-year project to chronicle, through the art of Yction, the events 5:30 pm: Hands-on Crafts Activity of World War II. The Winds of War and War and Remembrance focus on 6:30 pm: Family Service (Piano)-Kita Vav and the enormity and grotesqueness of the human casualties, particularly Hay present the six million Jews who were murdered during the Holocaust. Wouk 7:30 pm: BuNet Dinner (reservation required) eloquently states,“The beginning of the end of war lies in remem- Saturday, November 2, 2013 CHESVAN 29 brance.” 10:00 am: Shabbat Toldot Given the fact that I was ordained in London in 1980 and worked there an additional four years, it is no surprise that I have worked with Friday, November 8, 2013 KISLEV 5 Holocaust survivors for over thirty three years. Perhaps, it was God 7:30 pm: Kabbalat Shabbat-Kristallnacht who directed my path to the Hebrew Tabernacle at this particular Commemoration (Choir and Organ) 9:30 pm: Art Opening: Portraits of Spirited stage in my career. What lessons have I learned from my experiences? Holocaust Survivors (Please see page 12) The Yrst lesson is the importance of loving the stranger.
    [Show full text]