Cotard's Syndrome: Two Case Reports and a Brief Review of Literature
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Paranoid – Suspicious; Argumentative; Paranoid; Continually on The
Disorder Gathering 34, 36, 49 Answer Keys A N S W E R K E Y, Disorder Gathering 34 1. Avital Agoraphobia – 2. Ewelina Alcoholism – 3. Martyna Anorexia – 4. Clarissa Bipolar Personality Disorder –. 5. Lysette Bulimia – 6. Kev, Annabelle Co-Dependant Relationship – 7. Archer Cognitive Distortions / all-of-nothing thinking (Splitting) – 8. Josephine Cognitive Distortions / Mental Filter – 9. Mendel Cognitive Distortions / Disqualifying the Positive – 10. Melvira Cognitive Disorder / Labeling and Mislabeling – 11. Liat Cognitive Disorder / Personalization – 12. Noa Cognitive Disorder / Narcissistic Rage – 13. Regev Delusional Disorder – 14. Connor Dependant Relationship – 15. Moira Dissociative Amnesia / Psychogenic Amnesia – (*Jason Bourne character) 16. Eylam Dissociative Fugue / Psychogenic Fugue – 17. Amit Dissociative Identity Disorder / Multiple Personality Disorder – 18. Liam Echolalia – 19. Dax Factitous Disorder – 20. Lorna Neurotic Fear of the Future – 21. Ciaran Ganser Syndrome – 22. Jean-Pierre Korsakoff’s Syndrome – 23. Ivor Neurotic Paranoia – 24. Tucker Persecutory Delusions / Querulant Delusions – 25. Lewis Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder – 26. Abdul Proprioception – 27. Alisa Repressed Memories – 28. Kirk Schizophrenia – 29. Trevor Self-Victimization – 30. Jerome Shame-based Personality – 31. Aimee Stockholm Syndrome – 32. Delphine Taijin kyofusho (Japanese culture-specific syndrome) – 33. Lyndon Tourette’s Syndrome – 34. Adar Social phobias – A N S W E R K E Y, Disorder Gathering 36 Adjustment Disorder – BERKELEY Apotemnophilia -
Monothematic Delusions: Towards a Two-Factor Account Davies, Martin, 1950- Coltheart, Max
Monothematic Delusions: Towards a Two-Factor Account Davies, Martin, 1950- Coltheart, Max. Langdon, Robyn. Breen, Nora. Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology, Volume 8, Number 2/3, June/September 2001, pp. 133-158 (Article) Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press DOI: 10.1353/ppp.2001.0007 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/ppp/summary/v008/8.2davies.html Access Provided by Australian National University at 08/06/11 11:33PM GMT DAVIES, COLTHEART, LANGDON, AND BREEN / Monothematic Delusions I 133 Monothematic Delusions: Towards a Two-Factor Account Martin Davies, Max Coltheart, Robyn Langdon, and Nora Breen ABSTRACT: We provide a battery of examples of delu- There is more than one idea here, and the sions against which theoretical accounts can be tested. definition offered by the American Psychiatric Then we identify neuropsychological anomalies that Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual could produce the unusual experiences that may lead, of Mental Disorders (DSM) seems to be based on in turn, to the delusions in our battery. However, we argue against Maher’s view that delusions are false something similar to the second part of the OED beliefs that arise as normal responses to anomalous entry: experiences. We propose, instead, that a second factor Delusion: A false belief based on incorrect inference is required to account for the transition from unusual about external reality that is firmly sustained despite experience to delusional belief. The second factor in what almost everyone else believes and despite what the etiology of delusions can be described superficial- constitutes incontrovertible and obvious proof or evi- ly as a loss of the ability to reject a candidate for belief dence to the contrary (American Psychiatric Associa- on the grounds of its implausibility and its inconsis- tion 1994, 765). -
Department of Veterans Affairs § 4.130
Department of Veterans Affairs § 4.130 agency shall evaluate it using a diag- termine whether a change in evalua- nostic code which represents the domi- tion is warranted. nant (more disabling) aspect of the (Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1155) condition (see § 4.14). [61 FR 52700, Oct. 8, 1996] (Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1155) § 4.130 Schedule of ratings—Mental [61 FR 52700, Oct. 8, 1996, as amended at 79 FR disorders. 45099, Aug. 4, 2014] The nomenclature employed in this § 4.127 Intellectual disability (intellec- portion of the rating schedule is based tual developmental disorder) and upon the American Psychiatric Asso- personality disorders. ciation’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edi- Intellectual disability (intellectual tion (DSM–5) (see § 4.125 for availability developmental disorder) and person- information). Rating agencies must be ality disorders are not diseases or inju- thoroughly familiar with this manual ries for compensation purposes, and, to properly implement the directives in except as provided in § 3.310(a) of this § 4.125 through § 4.129 and to apply the chapter, disability resulting from them general rating formula for mental dis- may not be service-connected. How- orders in § 4.130. The schedule for rating ever, disability resulting from a men- for mental disorders is set forth as fol- tal disorder that is superimposed upon lows: intellectual disability (intellectual de- 9201 Schizophrenia velopmental disorder) or a personality 9202 [Removed] disorder may be service-connected. 9203 [Removed] 9204 [Removed] (Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1155) 9205 [Removed] [79 FR 45100, Aug. 4, 2014] 9208 Delusional disorder 9210 Other specified and unspecified schizo- § 4.128 Convalescence ratings fol- phrenia spectrum and other psychotic lowing extended hospitalization. -
The Effect of Depersonalization and Derealization Symptoms
THE EFFECT OF DEPERSONALIZATION AND DEREALIZATION SYMPTOMS ON OLFACTION AND OLFACTORY HEDONICS Thesis Submitted to The College of Arts and Sciences of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Master of Arts in Psychology By Rhiannon A. Gibbs UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON Dayton, Ohio May 2018 THE EFFECT OF DEPERSONALIZATION AND DEREALIZATION SYMPTOMS ON OLFACTION AND OLFACTORY HEDONICS Name: Gibbs, Rhiannon A. APPROVED BY: _______________________________________ Julie Walsh-Messinger, Ph.D. Faculty Advisor ______________________________________ Roger R. Reeb, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________________ Jackson A. Goodnight, Ph.D. Committee Member Concurrence: _______________________________________ Lee Dixon, Ph.D. Chair, Department of Psychology ii © Copyright by Rhiannon A. Gibbs All rights reserved 2018 ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF DEPERSONALIZATION AND DEREALIZATION SYMPTOMS ON OLFACTION AND OLFACTORY HEDONICS Name: Gibbs, Rhiannon A. University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. Julie Walsh-Messinger. Depersonalization and derealization symptoms affect sensation, perception, and emotion, producing subjective experiences of unreality and affective numbing (Simeon, 2004). Abnormalities in the amygdala, which is associated with emotional reactions such as anxiety and fear (LeDoux, 1993), have been observed in depersonalization and derealization and other psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression (Sierra & Berrios, 1998). Olfactory deficits have been posited as a potential marker for psychiatric -
Dissociative Experiences in Bipolar Disorder II: Are They Related to Childhood Trauma and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms?
Original article Dissociative experiences in bipolar disorder II: Are they related to childhood trauma and obsessive-compulsive symptoms? GUL ERyılmaz1, SERMıN KESEBıR1, IşIl GöğceGöz Gül1, eylem özten1, KayIhan Oğuz KaramustafalIOğlu1 1 Uskudar University Neuropsychiatry Hospital, Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey. Received: 12/29/2014 – Accepted: 3/2/2015 DOI: 10.1590/0101-60830000000045 Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of dissociative symptoms and whether they are related to childhood trauma and obsessive- -compulsive symptoms in bipolar disorder type II (BD-II). Methods: Thirty-three euthymic patients (HDRS<8, YMRS<5) and 50 healthy subjects were eva- luated by SCID-I and SCID-NP. We excluded all first and second-axis comorbidities. All patients and healthy subjects were examined with the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-53), and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder scale (Y-BOCS). Results: In pairwise comparisons between the BD-II and control groups, the total CTQ, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, DES, and total Y-BOCS scores in the BD-II group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). There were five cases with DES scores over 30 (15.2%) and one case (2%) in the control group. DES was weakly correlated with total CTQ and Y-BOCS in patients diagnosed with BD-II (r = 0.278, p < 0.05 and r = 0.217, p < 0.05, respectively). While there was no correlation between total CTQ and Y-BOCS, the CTQ sexual abuse subscale was found to be related to Y-BOCS (r = 0.330, p < 0.05). -
Cotard's Syndrome
MIND & BRAIN, THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY REVIEW ARTICLE Cotard’s Syndrome Hans Debruyne1,2,3, Michael Portzky1, Kathelijne Peremans1 and Kurt Audenaert1 Affiliations: 1Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium; 2PC Dr. Guislain, Psychiatric Hospital, Ghent, Belgium and 3Department of Psychiatry, Zorgsaam/RGC, Terneuzen, The Netherlands ABSTRACT Cotard’s syndrome is characterized by nihilistic delusions focused on the individual’s body including loss of body parts, being dead, or not existing at all. The syndrome as such is neither mentioned in DSM-IV-TR nor in ICD-10. There is growing unanimity that Cotard’s syndrome with its typical nihilistic delusions externalizes an underlying disorder. Despite the fact that Cotard’s syndrome is not a diagnostic entity in our current classification systems, recognition of the syndrome and a specific approach toward the patient is mandatory. This paper overviews the historical aspects, clinical characteristics, classification, epidemiology, and etiological issues and includes recent views on pathogenesis and neuroimaging. A short overview of treatment options will be discussed. Keywords: Cotard’s syndrome, nihilistic delusion, misidentification syndrome, review Correspondence: Hans Debruyne, P.C. Dr. Guislain Psychiatric Hospital Ghent, Fr. Ferrerlaan 88A, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Tel: 32 9 216 3311; Fax: 32 9 2163312; e-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION: HISTORICAL ASPECTS AND of the syndrome. They described a nongeneralized de´lire de CLASSIFICATION negation, associated with paralysis, alcoholic psychosis, dementia, and the ‘‘real’’ Cotard’s syndrome, only found in Cotard’s syndrome is named after Jules Cotard (1840Á1889), anxious melancholia and chronic hypochondria.6 Later, in a French neurologist who described this condition for the 1968, Saavedra proposed a classification into three types: first time in 1880, in a case report of a 43-year-old woman. -
The Misidentification Syndromes As Mindreading Disorders
COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2010, 15 (1/2/3), 233Á260 The misidentification syndromes as mindreading disorders William Hirstein Elmhurst College, Elmhurst, IL, USA The patient with Capgras’ syndrome claims that people very familiar to him have been replaced by impostors. I argue that this disorder is due to the destruction of a representation that the patient has of the mind of the familiar person. This creates the appearance of a familiar body and face, but without the familiar personality, beliefs, and thoughts. The posterior site of damage in Capgras’ is often reported to be the temporoparietal junction, an area that has a role in the mindreading system, a connected system of cortical areas that allow us to attribute mental states to others. Just as the Capgras’ patient claims that that man is not his father, the patient with asomatognosia claims that his arm is not really his. A similar account applies here, in that a nearby brain area, the supramarginal gyrus, is damaged. This area works in concert with the temporoparietal junction and other areas to produce a large representation of a mind inside a body situated in an environment. Damage to the mind-representing part of this system (coupled with damage to executive processes in the prefrontal lobes) causes Capgras’ syndrome, whereas damage to the body-representing part of this system (also coupled with executive damage) causes asomatognosia. Keywords: Capgras’ syndrome; Misidentification; Asomatognosia; Theory of mind; Mindreading; Executive processes. INTRODUCTION Capgras’ syndrome is a misidentification disorder in which people deny the identities of people close to them, claiming that they have been replaced by impostors. -
The Burden of Care and Burnout in Individuals Caring for Patients with Alzheimer’S Disease
Community Mental Health Journal (2019) 55:304–310 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-018-0276-2 BRIEF REPORT The Burden of Care and Burnout in Individuals Caring for Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Eren Yıldızhan1 · Nesibe Ören2 · Ayten Erdoğan3 · Fatih Bal3 Received: 10 March 2017 / Accepted: 19 April 2018 / Published online: 21 April 2018 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Alzheimer’s disease imposes a severe burden upon patients and their caregivers. We examined the relationship between the sociodemographic factors, burden of care and burnout level of 120 of 203 professional caregiving staff dealing with Alzheimer’s disease patients in eight geriatric care centers in Istanbul/Turkey. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale was used to measure the level of burden of care, and the Maslach burnout inventory to measure the level of burnout. High levels of emotional exhaustion were present in 25% of our sample, and depersonalization was found in 30% reduced personal accom- plishment was present in 26% of the caregivers. Keywords Burnout syndrome · Alzheimer’s disease · Caregiver · Dementia Introduction between the caregiver and the patient, and no payment is offered for the time and money spent. Formal care is the Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, ordinary health care or community-based support offered to representing between 50 and 70% of all cases. The numbers persons defined as patients or clients (Hickman et al.2016 ). of rest homes, geriatric care centers and daytime hospitals ‘Staff Burnout’ is a phenomenon appearing in the form planned for Alzheimer’s patients in Turkey are inadequate. -
Supreme Court of the United States ______JAMES K
No. 18-6135 IN THE Supreme Court of the United States __________ JAMES K. KAHLER, Petitioner, v. STATE OF KANSAS, Respondent. __________ On Writ of Certiorari to the Supreme Court of Kansas __________ BRIEF OF AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PSYCHIATRY AND THE LAW, THE JUDGE DAVID L. BAZELON CENTER FOR MENTAL HEALTH LAW, AND MENTAL HEALTH AMERICA AS AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONER __________ DAVID W. OGDEN AARON M. PANNER PAUL R.Q. WOLFSON Counsel of Record ALEXANDRA STEWART KEVIN D. HORVITZ WILMER CUTLER PICKERING MICHAEL S. QIN HALE AND DORR LLP KELLOGG, HANSEN, TODD, 1875 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. FIGEL & FREDERICK, Washington, D.C. 20006 P.L.L.C. (202) 663-6000 1615 M Street, N.W. Suite 400 NATHALIE F.P. GILFOYLE Washington, D.C. 20036 DEANNE M. OTTAVIANO (202) 326-7900 AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ([email protected]) ASSOCIATION Counsel for American 750 First Street, N.E. Psychiatric Association Washington, D.C. 20002 and American Academy of (202) 336-5500 Psychiatry and the Law Counsel for American Psychological Association June 7, 2019 (Additional Counsel Listed On Inside Cover) IRA ABRAHAM BURNIM JENNIFER MATHIS BAZELON CENTER FOR MENTAL HEALTH LAW 1101 15th Street, N.W. Suite 1212 Washington, D.C. 20005 (202) 467-5730 Counsel for The Judge David L. Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law MARK J. HEYRMAN CLINICAL PROFESSOR OF LAW UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LAW SCHOOL 1111 East 60th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 (773) 702-9611 Counsel for Mental Health America TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ...................................... iii INTEREST OF AMICI CURIAE ............................... -
Dissociative Disorders Types of Dissociative Disorders Dissociative
Dissociative Disorders • Similar to somatoform in some ways • Often not that concerned about memory loss • Often can be seen as form of escape Types of Dissociative Disorders • Depersonalization Disorder • Dissociative Amnesia (Generalized vs. Selective). • Dissociative Fugue • Dissociative Trance Disorder • Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly Multiple Personality Disorder). Dissociative Disorders Involves sudden and temporary alteration in functions of consciousness Avoids stress and gratifies needs in manner allowing person to deny personal responsibility Escapes from core personality and personality processes Quite rare Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Disorders are typified by alterations in sense of self and reality Characteristic features include a sense of depersonalization or derealization. Dissociative Disorders Depersonalization is when one’s sense of your own reality is altered (your own personality and sense of self may be fragmented). Derealization is best described as when your sense of reality of the external world is altered. The external world feels unreal and unfamiliar Depersonalization •Feelings of detachment or estrangement •External world is perceived as unreal •May have : • Sensory anesthesia • Lack of affective response Depersonalization Characteristics • Feelings that you're an outside observer of your thoughts, feelings, your body or parts of your body —as if you were floating in air above yourself • Feeling like a robot or that you're not in control of your speech or movements • The sense that your -
De-Rationalising Delusions
De-Rationalising Delusions Authors: Vaughan Bell,1,2 Nichola Raihani,3 Sam Wilkinson4 1. Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London 2. Psychological Interventions Clinic for outpatients with Psychosis (PICuP), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust 3. Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London 4. Department of Sociology, Philosophy and Anthropology, Exeter University 1 Abstract Due to the traditional conceptualisation of delusion as ‘irrational belief’, cognitive models of delusions largely focus on impairments to domain-general reasoning. Nevertheless, current rationality-impairment models do not account for the fact that i) equivalently irrational beliefs can be induced through adaptive social cognitive processes, reflecting social integration rather than impairment; ii) delusions are overwhelmingly socially-themed; iii) delusions show a reduced sensitivity to social context, both in terms of how they are shaped and how they are communicated. Consequently, we argue that models of delusions need to include alteration to coalitional cognition – processes involved in affiliation, group perception, and the strategic management of relationships. This approach has the advantage of better accounting for both content (social themes) and form (fixity) of delusion. It is also supported by the established role of mesolimbic dopamine in both delusions and social organisation, and the ongoing reconceptualisation of belief as serving a social organisational function. -
Cotard's Syndrome in a Patient with Schizophrenia: Case Report And
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Case Reports in Psychiatry Volume 2016, Article ID 6968409, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6968409 Case Report Cotard’s Syndrome in a Patient with Schizophrenia: Case Report and Review of the Literature Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria,1,2 Mario Ledesma-Gastañadui,2 and Maria Huete-Cordova2,3 1 School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru 2Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Peru 3School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru Correspondence should be addressed to Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria; [email protected] Received 23 July 2016; Revised 23 October 2016; Accepted 9 November 2016 AcademicEditor:ErikJonsson¨ Copyright © 2016 Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Jules Cotard described, in 1880, the case of a patient characterized by delusions of negation, immortality, and guilt as well as melancholic anxiety among other clinical features. Later this constellation of symptoms was given the eponym Cotard’s syndrome, going through a series of theoretical vicissitudes, considering itself currently as just the presence of nihilistic delusions. The presentation of the complete clinical features described by Cotard is a rare occurrence, especially in the context of schizophrenia. Here we present the case of a 50-year-old male patient with schizophrenia who developed Cotard’s syndrome. The patient was treated with aripiprazole, showing improvement after two weeks of treatment. A review of the literature is performed about this case.