No Lugar = Lugar Gay Friendly

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No Lugar = Lugar Gay Friendly PROYECTO DE GRADUACION Trabajo Final de Grado No Lugar = Lugar Gay-friendly Un planner en búsqueda de tendencias de un mercado emergente Fabio Alvarez Cuerpo B del PG 10 / 12 / 12 Licenciatura en Publicidad Ensayo Nuevos Profesionales 1 Índice Introducción 1 Capítulo 1: El planner como buscador de tendencias 9 1.1 Publicidad actual 9 1.2 La emergencia del planner en las agencias 11 1.3 El planeamiento estratégico y el planner 13 1.3.1 Planner y equipo creativo 14 1.3.2 Briefings y briefs 15 1.3.3 Planner y la planificación de medios 17 1.3.4 Planner y la investigación 18 1.4 Insights 19 1.5 Tendencias 21 1.5.1 Tomando al mercado gay para explorar sus tendencias 23 Capítulo 2: El mercado gay 25 2.1 Breve historia del segmento LGBT 25 2.2 LGBT en la Argentina 27 2.2 Rasgos actitudinales 29 2.3 Nuevas tendencias en el mercado 31 2.2.1 Tendencias de consumo 33 2.2.2 Tendencias en la publicidad 34 2.4 Por donde se mueve el mercado gay 38 Capítulo 3: No Lugares 40 3.1 Globalización y sobremodernidad: productoras de no lugares 40 3.2 Lugar antropológico versus no lugar 42 3.2.1 Lugar antropológico 43 2 3.2.2 No lugar 44 3.3 Red global 49 3.4 Las marcas en los no lugares 50 3.5 Internet como un no lugar 51 Capítulo 4: No lugar = Lugar gayfriendly 53 4.1 El método y la investigación 53 4.2 Factores para analizar 55 4.3 El circuito gay 56 4.3.1 Exclusivos 58 4.3.2 No exclusivos - No lugares 60 Capítulo 5: Análisis de casos 70 5.1 Turismo 70 5.2 Gimnasio 76 5.3 Internet y redes sociales 80 5.4 Centro comercial 85 5.5 Los baños públicos y otros no lugares 88 Conclusiones 94 Referencias Bibliográficas Bibliografía 3 Índice de Figuras Figura 1: Circuito Gay. Fuente: Elaboración propia. (2012) 57 Figura 2: Cuadro de relación, No lugar – Mercado Gay. Fuente: Elaboración Propia, con base en los postulados de la teoría de los No Lugares propuesta por Marc Augé. (1992) 65 Figura 3: Interface aplicación Grindr. Fuente: Sitio web Grindr e indicadores elaboración propia. (2012). 85 Figura 4: Mapa del circuito de teteras de Capital Federal. Fuente: Nosotros y los Baños, en Googlemaps y Blogspot (2012) Disponible en: http://usandbath.blogspot.com.ar/p/mapa-de-teteras-en- capital.html?zx=6af10d7576e2af4d 91 Figura 5: Primera publicidad gay de Ivory Soap. Fuente: Comercial Closet. (2012) Disponible en: http://www.commercialcloset.org/ 93 Figura 6: Publicidad dirigida al segmento gay para Arrow Underwear. (2012) Fuente: Comercial Closet. Disponible en: http://www.commercialcloset.org/ 93 4 Introducción El siguiente Proyecto de Graduación (PG) se enmarca bajo la categoría de ensayo, de la carrera Licenciatura en Publicidad y se desarrolla bajo la línea temática de nuevos profesionales. En el mismo se realiza un análisis de tendencias de un mercado emergente como lo es el segmento conformado por los individuos homosexuales; bajo la premisa de los No Lugares como la gran tendencia gay. Dicho análisis se sustenta de manera teórica y con base en la utilización de la herramienta de investigación, la observación de campo, que en términos publicitarios se asocia directamente a la búsqueda de tendencias en los consumidores, que realiza un planner. Cabe señalar que la originalidad en cuanto a reflexión y aportes, se centra en el hecho de asociar conocimientos impartidos en diferentes asignaturas a lo largo del desarrollo de la carrera. La capacidad académica de confluir nociones que en apariencia resultan inconexas, pero que a través de una cualidad traspolativa, pueden de manera eficaz ser amalgamadas. La teoría de los No Lugares, un tópico áulico de estudio en asignaturas como Teorías de la Comunicación y Ciencias Económicas y Políticas, entrelazando postulados de la teoría mencionada, con conocimientos meramente publicitarios como el avistamiento de tendencias y segmentos de mercados potenciales. Por lo antedicho surge la problemática a investigar, que da origen a este PG: ¿Por qué los no lugares, sufren una apropiación por parte del mercado gay? Básicamente se tiene la finalidad de dar un sustento teórico, de las razones por las que dicho segmento se relaciona con este tipo de espacios; ya sea por motivos que emparentan el consumo o razones de sociabilidad y encuentro. De éste modo se intenta crear un esquema de funcionamiento del sector, a través de la definición por parte del autor de un circuito de lugares en donde el target consume y socializa. Las razones por las que se eligió esta temática son, en primer lugar a través de la indagación de proyectos concebidos en la Facultad de Diseño y Comunicación, se aclaró 5 la idea de que dicha temática no ha sido abordada desde la perspectiva que el presente PG quiere otorgar. En segundo lugar, el PG trata un tópico que resulta de un gran entender para el autor, además de caracterizarse como de fácil acceso y exploración para el mismo, permitiendo detectar comportamientos en el público homosexual, que se suman a su background de conocimientos que tiene sobre publicidad. Es prudente advertir que en el PG se hace exclusión de cualquier juicio de valor y moral, preponderando el análisis objetivo y contundente, con el fin de que los resultados otorgados se puedan aprovechar en un futuro cercano. Por añadidura, el presente ensayo podrá servir de puntapié para investigaciones de mayor envergadura, que permitan conocer de manera profunda las características del nombrado segmento, además el afán ha sido convertir el texto en una herramienta para la planificación estratégica. En el primer capítulo se brinda un marco referencial sobre el surgimiento del rol del planner en las agencias publicitarias, bajo el contexto de la publicidad actual y la agencia publicitaria argentina. Seguidamente se explican las funciones que cumple dicho profesional, tanto dentro como fuera de la agencia. Se puede distinguir su labor en relación con los diferentes departamentos que conforman una agencia, la correlación del planner con el equipo creativo, con la planificación de medios, con la investigación y con la elaboración del brief y el briefing, añadiendo la pertinente diferenciación de dichos términos. Anticiparse al conocimiento del consumidor y sus demandas se ha convertido en un quehacer elemental para las empresas y sus marcas, por ende las agencias a través de los planners, se han visto en la necesidad de indagar insights y tendencias en los diferentes targets. Tomando a las mismas como materia prima para la consecución de campañas creativas, con conceptos únicos que permitan la efectividad publicitaria y la planificación de estrategias que lleven a la creación de lazos de lealtad que perduren. 6 El capítulo dos abre la perspectiva para comprender el origen del grupo LGBT, como un segmento de mercado poderoso. Las siglas LGBT delimitan a Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales y Trans (Transexuales, Transgénero y Travestis). Se hace un breve repaso sobre la historicidad de los individuos LGBT, como un grupo social que continúa luchando por la concesión de sus derechos y la aceptación, tanto en el mundo, la región y específicamente en la Argentina. El análisis en adelante se centra en el Pink market o mercado gay, agrupando a los individuos homosexuales, excluyendo a lesbianas, bisexuales, transexuales, transgénero y travestis. Se hará una reflexión de los rasgos de actitud y personalidad que caracterizan a este segmento, además de realizar una prospección de las tendencias de consumo, en cuanto a marcas y tipos de productos. En adhesión, se examinan las tendencias publicitaras dirigidas a dicho segmento o que hagan referencia al mismo en cuanto al uso de medios, al tono de comunicación y al estilo publicitario. Para el tercer capítulo el propósito es afrontar la teoría de los No Lugares, término acuñado por el antropólogo francés Marc Augé. El fin es proporcionar un conocimiento sobre el origen de los mismos con base en la sobremodernidad y la globalización, se hace una distinción entre un lugar antropológico y el no lugar. Se administran las características que permiten que un espacio pueda ser considerado un no lugar, además de conferir un entendimiento sobre la relación que tienen los individuos con dichos espacios cuando los transitan. Se habla de la construcción de una red global de no lugares, el rol que cumplen las marcas en estos sitios y se tomará al Internet como un no lugar. Queda por aclarar que el tópico de los no lugares, a sido utilizado desde diferentes perspectivas profesionales, arquitectos, fotógrafos, diseñadores de interiores, cineastas, sociólogos, antropólogos, entre otras. Se debe añadir también que dicha teoría a pesar de haber sido publicada en el año 1992, resulta contemporánea y aún vigente. El más reciente artículo publicado por un medio de comunicación, que da relevancia a los 7 postulados de Marc Augé, bajo el título espacios de anonimato, fue por parte de la revista Enie perteneciente al diario argentino Clarín, el diecisiete de septiembre del 2012, de esta manera se valida el uso de bibliografía referente a dicho tópico. El cuarto capítulo concebido como el capítulo central de expresión y desarrollo, conjuga el marco teórico propuesto en capítulos anteriores. En cuánto al método y la investigación, se realiza un relevamiento de tendencias mediante observaciones en no lugares de la ciudad de Buenos Aires en la zona de Capital Federal, bajo la previa consideración del autor en un periodo de tres años, 2010 - 2012. El autor brinda una clasificación tentativa de los sitios del circuito gay, dividiéndolos entre exclusivos y no exclusivos, dando relevancia a los segundos. Puesto que de cierta manera cumplen con las características del no lugar.
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