A View from Afar: Canadian Studies in a European Context
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A VIEW FROM AFAR: CANADIAN STUDIES IN A EUROPEAN CONTEXT UNE VISION LOINTAINE: LES ÉTUDES CANADIENNES DANS UN CONTEXTE EUROPÉEN CANADIAN STUDIES IN EUROPE ÉTUDES CANADIENNES EN EUROPE VOLUME 9 ccanadian_studies_vol9.inddanadian_studies_vol9.indd 1 119.4.20109.4.2010 220:13:120:13:12 Published by / publié par the European Network for Canadian Studies / le Réseau européen d’études canadiennes (ENCS / RÉEC) in collaboration with Masaryk University, Brno 1st edition, 2010 Edited by Niamh Nestor, Caitriona Ni Chasaide, Isabelle Lemée, Vera Regan Selected proceedings of the SEVENTEENTH EUROPEAN SEMINAR FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS IN CANADIAN STUDIES Dublin, Ireland / 23-25 October 2008 Th is publication has been made possible with the aid of fi nancial support from Foreign Aff airs and International Trade Canada. © 2010, Th e European Network for Canadian Studies All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or means, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher and appropriate contributors. Printed and bound by Reprocentrum, a. s., Blansko ISBN 978-80-210-5166-9 ISSN 1214-0562 ccanadian_studies_vol9.inddanadian_studies_vol9.indd 2 119.4.20109.4.2010 220:13:310:13:31 Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 6 “Either I am Canadian, or the word means nothing”: George Elliott Clarke’s Creation of “Africa- dia” as a Critique of the Politics of Multiculturalism / Jenny Bingold ........................................... 9 Converging v. Diverging Health Care Policies in Western Canada (1990-2007) / Florence Cartigny ........................................................................................................................... 23 Th e Italian Community in Canada and Ireland: Language Practices / Elena Castellari ........... 37 Language Policy and Planning in the Context of Immigration in Canada and Quebec / Paula Donovan .......................................................................................................... 45 Culture, cultures ou Transculture? – Les romans de Lise Tremblay dans le système littéraire franco-canadien / Martin Fürlinger ............................................................................... 57 Savez-vous parler neuf langues ? Les connaissances linguistiques et les chances sur le marché du travail des migrants qualifi és vivant en Allemagne et au Canada / Yvonne Henkelmann ............................................................................................. 67 “A Courageous Project”: Publishing Margaret Atwood’s Work in Romania between 1978 and 1995 / Cristina Ivanovici .............................................................................................. 79 Th e Artist in a Media-Driven Society: Th eory and Practice of Neo-Avant-Garde Art in the Interpretation of Marshall McLuhan / Kalina Kukielko ................................................... 93 Canadianité et américanité dans le cinéma de David Cronenberg / Marie Lemercier ........... 103 Issues of Regulation of Social and Economic Development of Regions in Canada / Ramilya Mukhitdinova ........................................................................................... 117 Semantics of the South: A Cognitive Semantic View of the Concept of South as Illustrated in two North American Gothic Traditions: Davies’s Fifth Business and McCullers’s Th e Heart is a Lonely Hunter / Dušan Stamenković .................................................................... 125 ccanadian_studies_vol9.inddanadian_studies_vol9.indd 3 119.4.20109.4.2010 220:13:310:13:31 Les créations de Réjean Ducharme / Petr Vurm .......................................................................... 137 Paleo-Eskimo Shamanism – Miniature Carvings in the Canadian Dorset Culture: Some Problematic Issues and Possible Additional Interpretations to the Dorset Bear Cult / László Zsolt Zságer .................................................................................................... 153 Summaries ......................................................................................................................................... 162 ccanadian_studies_vol9.inddanadian_studies_vol9.indd 4 119.4.20109.4.2010 220:13:310:13:31 ccanadian_studies_vol9.inddanadian_studies_vol9.indd 5 119.4.20109.4.2010 220:13:310:13:31 Introduction Th is volume is a collection of the contributions to the 17th European Seminar for Graduate Students in Canadian Studies 2008 that took place in the Humanities Institute of Ireland in University College Dublin, Ireland, from the 23rd to the 25th volume of October 2008. Th e conference was organised by the Association for Canadian Studies in Ireland to promote the development of high-calibre graduate research 9 relating to Canada among European post-graduate students. In doing so, it aimed to further the knowledge and understanding of Canada and initiate an international network of new Canadianist researchers in Europe. Th e conference brought together graduate researchers from over ten countries in Western and Central Europe to present and discuss their innovative fi ndings on a wide range of issues relating to Canadian Studies. Th is volume presents the outcomes of this seminar. Th e scope of the papers closely refl ects Canada’s foreign policy priorities including managing diversity, economics and democracy* and includes research on literature, the arts, and linguistic and social portraits of immigrant communities in Canada. Th e range of papers is indicative of the ongoing interest in and the dynamic nature of research in Canadian Studies among young European researchers. * http://www.iccs-ciec.ca/pages/newweb/sample2/FRP_en.asp?shownav=4 (accessed 5 August 2009) # 6 CANADIAN STUDIES IN EUROPE ccanadian_studies_vol9.inddanadian_studies_vol9.indd 6 119.4.20109.4.2010 220:13:310:13:31 Introduction Ce volume rassemble les contributions au 17ième Séminaire Européen pour les Étudiants Gradués en études Canadiennes, lequel s‘est déroulé au Humanities Institute of Ireland, University College Dublin. Il s‘est tenu du 23 au 25 octobre 2008. Le séminaire était organisé par l’Association Irlandaise d’Études Canadiennes volume et avait pour but de promouvoir le développement des recherches de pointe sur le Canada par les étudiants du troisième cycle en Europe. Il visait ainsi à avancer 9 la compréhension et les connaissances au sujet du Canada et ainsi faciliter le développement d’un réseau international de nouveaux Canadianistes en Europe. Ceci fut l’occasion de réunir de jeunes chercheurs venant de nombreux pays de l’Europe centrale et occidentale afi n de présenter et débattre les résultats de leur recherches sur une panoplie de thèmes portant sur les Études Canadiennes. Ces actes sont le témoignage du dynamisme des Études Canadiennes en Europe. L’étendue de ces communications refl ète les priorités de politique étrangère du Canada, y compris la gestion de la diversité, le développement économique, la démocratie* et viennent s’y ajouter les communications sur l’art, la littérature ainsi que les portraits linguistiques et sociaux des communautés immigrées au Canada. La large variété des communications de ce volume montre l’intérêt continu et le dynamisme des recherches en Études Canadiennes parmi les jeunes chercheurs Européens. * http://www.iccs-ciec.ca/pages/newweb/sample2/FRP_en.asp?shownav=4 (site consulté 5 août 2009) ÉTUDES CANADIENNES EN EUROPE 7 # ccanadian_studies_vol9.inddanadian_studies_vol9.indd 7 119.4.20109.4.2010 220:13:310:13:31 ccanadian_studies_vol9.inddanadian_studies_vol9.indd 8 119.4.20109.4.2010 220:13:310:13:31 JENNY BINGOLD UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE, GERMANY “Either I am Canadian, or the word means nothing”1 : George Elliott Clarke’s Creation of “Africadia” volume as a Critique of the Politics of Multiculturalism 9 Abstract The article discusses George Elliott Clarke’s verse-novel Whylah Falls (1990) as an attempt to argue for a more inclusive conceptualization of Canadianness that does not construct African- Canadians as marginal Others to a white Canadian mainstream. Clarke’s transgression of genre boundaries and his use of intertextuality are examined as strategies to establish African-Canadian culture as a signifi cant component of any notion of Canadianness. Finally, it is demonstrated that by embracing a regional Nova Scotian perspective and by taking recourse to neglected histories of oppression, Clarke constructs patterns that allow African-Canadians to identify as both black and Canadian. Résumé Cet article voit dans le roman en vers de George Elliott Clarke Whylah Falls (1990) une tentative d’élargir un concept de «Canadianness» dans lequel les Afro-Canadiens ne seront plus construits comme les marginaux d’une société majoritairement blanche. Clarke dépasse les frontières du genre, il utilise des références intertextuelles comme stratégies pour faire de la culture afro-ca- nadienne un élément signifi catif de la notion de « Canadianness ». Finalement il est démontré qu’en se servant d’une perspective spécifi quement régionale et en reprenant des faits histori- ques refoulés, Clarke réussit à ne plus considérer « Blackness » et « Canadianness » comme des concepts opposés. 1 Clarke “Complex Face”, 279. ÉTUDES CANADIENNES EN EUROPE 9 # ccanadian_studies_vol9.inddanadian_studies_vol9.indd 9 119.4.20109.4.2010 220:13:310:13:31 JENNY BINGOLD “Either I am Canadian,