DOCSLIB.ORG

Kim, Bokyoung (2013) a Study on Korean Monolingual Learner's

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kim, Bokyoung (2013) a Study on Korean Monolingual Learner's Kim, Bokyoung (2013) A study on Korean monolingual learner’s dictionaries for foreign learners focusing on grammatical information. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18559 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. A Study on Korean Monolingual Learner’s Dictionaries for Foreign Learners Focusing on Grammatical Information Bokyoung Kim Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Japan and Korea Language Research 2013 Department of the Languages and Cultures of Japan and Korea School of Oriental and African Studies University of London 1 Declaration for SOAS PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the SOAS, University of London concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination. Signed: ____________________________ Date: ________________________ Bokyoung Kim 2 Abstract A Study on Korean Monolingual Learner’s Dictionaries for Foreign Learners - Focusing on Grammatical Information This thesis explores how to improve grammatical information provided by the Learner’s Dictionary of Korean which is the first Korean monolingual learner’s dictionary for foreign learners in order to help advanced learners of Korean produce their language accurately. In it I analyse whether the information of the dictionary is appropriate and on what principles the information is presented focusing on five selected items, which advanced learners find most difficult to use in their production. In order to look at the characteristics of target users, I gathered data using both a questionnaire and interviews as well as undertaking a dictionary compiling project. Furthermore, I built up user profiles for Korean monolingual dictionaries used for encoding activities. I then analysed advanced learners’ production based on a learners’ corpus which I designed for my research and selected five main items which learners had difficulty in using in their production. The findings show that the Learner’s Dictionary of Korean provides a considerable amount of grammatical information in various ways according to the characteristics of each item. However, there is still room for improvement in terms of the contents and presentation of the dictionary. Firstly, I recommend that when the dictionary describes a certain item, the dictionary should also deal with other items which it commonly occurs with as a pattern or phrase rather than separately. Secondly, it is necessary to compare the different function and usage of words using example sentences or syntactic codes which are often substituted incorrectly for each other in usage notes of the Learner’s Dictionary of Korean. Thirdly, there needs to be greater consistency in choosing the list of headwords and describing grammatical information. I conclude by offering some suggestions about the macro- and micro structure of dictionaries on the basis of these findings. 3 Table of contents Abstract 3 Table of contents 4 Acknowledgements 8 Note on transcriptions 9 Chapter 1: Introduction 11 1. Objectives 11 2. Previous approaches to Korean lexicography 14 3. Overview of methodology 17 4. The structure of the dissertation 19 5. Terminology 19 Chapter 2: Lexicography for teaching foreign languages 21 1. Introduction 21 2. Dictionary typology for teaching foreign language 21 2.1 Monolingual dictionaries 22 2.2 Bilingual dictionaries 27 2.3 Bilingualised dictionaries 29 3. Conclusion 30 Chapter 3: Grammatical information in dictionaries 31 1. Introduction 31 2. Learning vocabulary in SLA 31 2.1 Receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge 31 2.2 Grammar knowledge and vocabulary learning 32 3. Theoretical background of grammatical information in a 35 dictionary 3.1 Phraseology in SLA 35 3.2 Phraseology and grammar descriptions 37 4. Grammatical issues in Korean lexicography 40 5. Conclusion 44 4 Chapter 4: Learner corpora and SLA 45 1. Introduction 45 2. Error analysis in SLA 45 2.1 The definitions and classification of errors 46 2.2 Error analysis movement 47 3. Corpus linguistics in SLA research 49 3.1 The roles of learner corpora in SLA 49 3.2 Pedagogical applications of learner corpora in 51 lexicography 3.3 Learner corpus research in KLT 54 4. Conclusion 56 Chapter 5: Dictionary user profiles 58 1. Introduction 58 2. Methodology 59 2.1 Questionnaire 60 2.2 Interviews 62 3. Results and analysis 64 3.1 Questionnaire analysis 64 3.1.1 Dictionary use 65 3.1.2 Writing activities and dictionary information 68 3.1.3 Dictionary reference skills 74 3.2 Interviews analysis 76 3.2.1 Learners’ difficulties in writing activities 76 3.2.2 Interviewees’ comments on references for writing 82 4. Discussions 85 4.1 Learners’ general dictionary use and reference skills 86 4.2 Learners’ needs and difficulties in writing activities 88 4.3 Learners’ use of resources for writing activities 91 5. Conclusion 92 Chapter 6: Dictionary compiling project 94 1. Introduction 94 2. Research methods 95 5 3. Data analysis and results 96 3.1 Macrostructure 97 3.1.1 Arrangements 97 3.1.2 Types of entry 97 3.2 Microstructure 100 3.2.1 Number of different types of entry 100 3.2.2 Description of information 107 3.3 Students’ comments on dictionary compiling project 113 4. Discussion 114 4.1 Macrostructure 114 4.1.1 Arrangements 114 4.1.2 Types of entry 115 4.2 Microstructure 120 4.2.1 Types of information 120 4.2.2 Presentation of information 125 5. Conclusion 126 Chapter 7: Analysis of learner corpus 127 1. Introduction 127 2. Research methods 128 2.1 The corpus of Korean learners 129 2.2 Error analysis 130 3. Results 135 4. Conclusion 161 Chapter 8 Critical dictionary review 162 1. Introduction 162 2. Critical review of grammatical descriptions in the LDK 163 2.1 Verbs 163 2.2 Connectives 192 2.3 Nominal forms 198 2.4 Adverbs 201 3. Grammatical descriptions in KFL dictionaries 206 6 4. Conclusion 213 Chapter 9 Discussion and conclusion 215 1. Overview 215 2. Dictionary user profiles 215 2.1 Target users 215 2.2 Current dictionary usage situation 216 2.3 Satisfaction with dictionaries 216 2.4 Users' pre-existing reference skills 217 2.5 Learners’ general needs and difficulties for production 217 3. Dictionary user research 218 3.1 Learners’ preference for linguistic items 218 3.2 Learners’ strategies for solving their language problems 218 4. Learner corpus research 219 4.1 Error analysis 219 4.2 Pedagogical implications of analysis of learner corpus 220 5. Critical review of the LDK 221 5.1 Dictionary reviews 221 5.2 Suggestions for improvement of the LDK 221 6. Conclusion 228 Appendices 230 Appendix 1 Questionnaire 230 Appendix 2 Dictionary user profiles 236 Appendix 3 Interview transcription 241 Appendix 4 Exam samples 248 Appendix 5 Dictionary compiling project 250 Appendix 6 Analysis of learner corpus 259 Appendix 7 Error sentence samples 264 Appendix 8 Dictionary entry examples 287 Appendix 9 Grammatical item examples 305 Bibliography 309 7 Acknowledgements I would like to extend my thanks to all those who generously gave their time and helped me complete this project. First of all, my most sincere thanks go to my supervisor Professor Yeon Jaehoon at SOAS, for his support, patience and encouragement during this project. I am also grateful to the two other members of my supervisory committee: Dr. Noriko Iwasaki and Dr. Koh Grace. I owe special words of thanks to all those who assisted me and motivated my interest in Korean linguistics and applied linguistics. These include Professors Kim Chungsook and Seong Kwangsoo at Korea University, Professor Um Jungho at Donga University and Dr. Tony Lynch at The University of Edinburgh. I am also grateful to Sochon foundation for the award of Sochon foundation scholarship in 2009 that enabled me to start my doctoral course. Furthermore, I wish to record my appreciation to the Korean Language and Cultural Centre at Korea University who offered me assistance during my fieldwork in South Korea. I also need to say a big “thank you” to Dr. Lee Seungyeon and Dr. Kim Iilhwan, who gave me invaluable help with this dissertation. In addition, there are other kinds of help that make this dissertation possible: I would like to thank my colleagues and friends for their support and advice including: Dr. Lee Youkyung, Chin Okhee, Jeong Seyjeong, Dr. Nancy Jiwon Cho, Cho Jaehee, Xi Chen, Simon George Barnes-Sadler, Dr. Elizabeth Evershed, Oliver Mayeux and Luke Saunders. I am particularly grateful to my students who participlated in the data collection for this dissertation. It goes without saying that my research would not have been possible without their understaning, help and input. I would also like to thank Nicholas Duvivier and Mai Tanaka for their kind encouragement and care over the period in which this dissertation was written.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GS Energy Brochure Download
    Company Introduction COPYRIGHT © 2012 GS ENERRGY. All RIGHTS RESERVED GS Energy Profile p.03 Subsidiaries p.04 Business Portfolio Refining & Petrochemicals p.05 Gas & Power p.07 Exploration & Production p.12 Green Growth p.14 GS Energy R&D Center p.18 Financial Information p.19 Contact Us p.20 History p.21 COPYRIGHT © 2012 GS ENERRGY. All RIGHTS RESERVED Corporate Profile GS Energy was incorporated on January 3, 2012 as a result of GS Holdings’ spinoff of GS Caltex, its refining, marketing, chemicals and transportation arm, creating a new independent Korean energy company. Subsequently, GS Energy assumed the high growth businesses previously operated by GS Caltex including, exploration & production and renewable energy operations. Further, by acquiring GS Caltex’s electric & gas utilities operations, GS Energy has solidified its position as an integrated energy-specialized holding company. Value chain integration and operational agility are fundamental to GS Energy’s long term growth strategy. GS Energy is organized into four interrelated segments: Exploration & Production, Refining & Petrochemicals, Gas & Power and Green Growth. Our integrated business model allows us to capture synergies among our different segments and activities. Our upstream businesses include the development of oil & gas projects across the globe, from the Middle East to the Americas and Southeast Asia. Further downstream, GS Energy is currently constructing a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) terminal in South Chungcheong Province to optimize value chain integration and to ultimately provide a steady flow of electric power and gas to customers through various subsidiaries and affiliates. Furthermore, given our focus on sustainable growth, we have been actively developing our technical know-how in the alternative energy sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Lunar New Year Macarthur, General Douglas
    894 Lunar New Year The lunar New Year, known as 561, W6ndan, W6ni! or Cbongch '0, is one of the most important holidays in Korea. During this holiday, there are traffic jams throughout the country as people rush to see their family and relatives. On the morning of Lunar New Year, people don traditional dress (hanbok). Various foods and wine are prepared, and then set in front of an ancestral tablet. The table is meticulously arranged according to Confucian tradition; however, many families also have their own traditions governing details of the arrangement. In general, fish is put on the east, meat on the west, fruit in front, rice and soup behind and liquor on the front table. A ceremony is then held during which the male family members pay respect to their deceased ancestors up to the fourth generation by making three full bows. Family members also visit the graves of their deceased ancestors. On this holiday, after cutting the grass from around the grave, they make a simple offering and then bow three times. In addition to paying respect to the deceased, each family member is expected to make two formal bows to his or her elders. According to custom, the elders then give the person a gift of money, particularly if the person is a child. Special foods are prepared for this holiday. In particular, rice-cake soup is typically served instead ofrice. For this reason, the question 'How many bowls of rice-cake soup have you eaten?' is sometimes used to ask one's age. In North Korea and China, mandu (dumpling) soup is often eaten instead.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reves Center Celebrates 25 Years of Globalization
    World Minded A PUBLICATION OF THE REVES CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES AT WILLIAM & MarY Vol. 6, No. 2, spring 2014 The Reves Center Celebrates 25 Years of Globalization Also: La Plata’s legacy: Igniting passion and freedom White House taps William & Mary, U.Va., Presidential Homes to support new Africa initiative World Minded a Publication of the Reves Center for International Studies at William & Mary VOL. 6, NO. 2, spring 2014 Contents Letter from the Director 1 Around the World Alumnus Profile: Mike Holtzman ‘92 2 VIMS alumna strives to put Africa on climate-change map 3 World Minded Staff La Plata’s legacy: Igniting passion and freedom 4 Editor: Georganne Hassell, She’ll always have Paris: Kaitlin Noe ’14 Reves Center for International reflects on being a French-speaking foodie 6 Studies Features Graphic Designer: Rachel Around the world in 25 years: Reves celebrates Follis, Creative Services global connections 8 Contributors: Erin Kelly, 10 questions with Hua Ma 10 VIMS; Sarah Caspari ’15; Secretary John Kerry holds town hall meeting with Kaitlin Noe ’14; Georganne W&M Diplomacy Lab students 12 Hassell, Reves Center; TechCon: Reviewing the past, improving the future 13 Ellie Kaufman, AidData; White House taps William & Mary, U.Va., Presidential Jim Ducibella, University Homes to support new Africa initiative 14 Relations; Graham Bryant J.D. ’16 and Erin Zargusky, Announcements University Relations William & Mary leads nation in study abroad among public universities 15 Robert M. Gates to give papers and $1.5 million to William & Mary 16 Global Film Festival focuses on Journeys & Passages 17 2014 Reves Faculty Fellows Announced 18 A new record for Fulbright grants 20 WORLD MINDED Letter from the Director This year marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of the Wendy and Emery Reves Center for International Studies at the College of William & Mary, designed to be the nexus of global teaching, learning, research and engagement across the university.
    [Show full text]
  • The Korean Peninsula, 1973-1976Download
    Approved For Release 2000/04/18: CIA-RDP84-00825R000300120001-7 CONFIDENTIAL Central Intelligence Agency Directorate of Intelligence January 1974 THE WEST COAST KOREAN ISLANDS 1. In recent. months North Korea has begun what appears to be a deliberate series of provocations against South Korea in the offshore waters northwest of the port of Inch'on. Since late October 1973, North Korean naval craft have established a patrol pattern that threatens access to five island groups claimed by South Korea and occupied by South Korean civilian and military personnel.* The provocations have thus far been minor in nature -- high speed approaches by North Korean patrol boats toward South Korean vessels and intrusions t~ithin the 3-mile-limit of South Korean islands. -Neither side has yet fired on the other. 2. The purpose of these North Korean actions surface d at the 1 December 1973 meeting of the t-1ilitary Armistice Commission t~hen North Korea claimed the waters surrounding each of the five island groups -- Paengnyong Do, Taech'ong Do, Soch'ong Do, Yonp'yong Do, and U Do as part of its territorial seas (Hap 1). P'yongyang demanded that prior permission be obtained for even civilian vessels to transit these waters and land at the islands. Although the United Nations Command (UNC) has not taken a position on the relative merits of the territorial waters claims, it has specifically upheld the right of free access to these islands. * The isLand groups Lie onLy 2 to L3 miLes from the North Korean mainLand~ and one of the isZands is UJithin Z.3 mil-es of a North Korean isLand (Map LJ.
    [Show full text]
  • A Sia Po Lic Y
    the national bureau of asian research 19 asia policy a s i a p january 2015 o 19 l roundtable i Asia’s Multipolar Nuclear Future c Christopher P. Twomey, Rajesh Basrur, Benjamin Schreer, y Noboru Yamaguchi, Kang Choi, P.K. Singh, Aaron L. Friedberg january 2015 january essays and articles The Development of Japanese Security Policy Bhubhindar Singh Russia’s Asia Pivot Jeffrey Mankoff Indian Foreign Policy Responds to the U.S. Pivot Harsh V. Pant and Yogesh Joshi South Korea’s Search for Nuclear Sovereignty Toby Dalton and Alexandra Francis the national bureau of asian research 1414 nethe 42nd national street, bureau suite 300 book review roundtable seattofl asiane, wa researchshington 98105 http://www.nbr.org http://www.asiapolicy.nbr.orghttp://asiapolicy.nbr.org Recent Books on Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan asia policy • http://asiapolicy.nbr.org • a peer-reviewed journal devoted to bridging the gap between academic research and policymaking on issues related to the Asia-Pacific editors C. Christine Fair and Mark W. Frazier editors Georgetown University The New School Jessica Keough managing editor Joshua Ziemkowski copy and style editor Hannah Haegeland, Craig Scanlan, and McKenzie Templeton copyeditors editorial advisory committee C. Christine Fair Bhubhindar Singh Georgetown University S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies Mark Frazier Michael Wills The New School The National Bureau of Asian Research editorial board Muthiah Alagappa Mark Katz Kenneth Pyle (co-chairman) Institute of Strategic and George Mason University
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Outlook Democratic People’S Republic of Korea Environment and Climate Change Outlook
    Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Environment and Climate Change Outlook Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Environment and Climate Change Outlook Pyongyang 2012 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Environment and Climate Change Outlook Copyright © 2012, Ministry of Land and Environment Protection, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea ISBN: 978-9946-1-0170-5 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the Ministry of Land and Environment Protection, DPR of Korea. DISCLAIMER The contents and views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies, or carry the endorsement of the contributory organizations or the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the contributory organizations or UNEP concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Data and information contained in this report were provided by agencies and experts from the DPR of Korea and other sources. Although UNEP has provided technical assistance in the preparation of the report, it is not responsible for the contents of the report and does not warrant the accuracy, adequacy or completeness of the data and information.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationality Classification Using Name Embeddings
    Nationality Classification Using Name Embeddings Junting Ye1, Shuchu Han4, Yifan Hu2, Baris Coskun3* , Meizhu Liu2, Hong Qin1, Steven Skiena1 1Stony Brook University, 2Yahoo! Research, 3Amazon AI, 4NEC Labs America fjuyye,shhan,qin,[email protected],fyifanhu,[email protected],[email protected] ABSTRACT Ethnicity Nationality (Lv1) Ritwik Kumar Ravi Kumar Ethnicity Nationality identication unlocks important demographic infor- Muthu Muthukrishnan Mohak Shah Black mation, with many applications in biomedical and sociological Deepak Agarwal White Ying Li research. Existing name-based nationality classiers use name sub- Lei Li API Jianyong Wang AIAN strings as features and are trained on small, unrepresentative sets Yan Liu Shipeng Yu 2PRACE of labeled names, typically extracted from Wikipedia. As a result, HangHang Tong Hispanic Aijun An these methods achieve limited performance and cannot support Qiaozhu Mei Jingrui He ne-grained classication. Xiaoguang Wang Tiger Zhang We exploit the phenomena of homophily in communication pat- Jing Gao Faisal Farooq Nationality (Lv1) terns to learn name embeddings, a new representation that encodes Rayid Ghani Usama Fayyad African gender, ethnicity, and nationality which is readily applicable to Leman Akoglu European Danai Koutra CelticEnglish building classiers and other systems. rough our analysis of 57M Evangelos Simoudis Evangelos Milios Greek Marko Grobelnik Jewish contact lists from a major Internet company, we are able to design a Tijl De Bie Claudia Perlich Muslim ne-grained nationality classier covering 39 groups representing Charles Elkan Nordic Diana Inkpen over 90% of the world population. In an evaluation against other Jennifer Neville EastAsian published systems over 13 common classes, our F1 score (0.795) is Derek Young SouthAsian Andrew Tomkins Hispanic Tina Eliassi-Rad substantial beer than our closest competitor Ethnea (0.580).
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Study Abroad Programs
    2021 Study Abroad Programs Term Location Course Description Dates Program Cost Specialist Professor Minimester (May 11 - May 29, 2020) Minimester Costa Rica ENGL 4340 Living, Reading, Writing Nature 2021 May 14 - May 28 - Luis Pamela Herring Minimester South Korea MGMT 4300 Project Mangement in Korea May 9 - May 25 - Luis Joo Jung Minimester United States CRIJ 4356 Law and Society in Washington DC May 9 - May 25 - Luis Elizabeth Devenhernandez Minimester China CHIN 2313 Business Chinese in China May 10 - May 28 - Lizette Xin Zhang Minimester England CSCI 4341 / CSCI 6370 The History of Computing May 11 - May 29 $2,935 Lizette Timothy Wylie Minimester Italy ENGL 3346 Writing and Cultural Engagement in Florance, Italy May 8 - May 29 - Lizette Joe Noe Minimester Panama CRIJ 4362 Justice Reform in Latin America May 6 - May 17 $2,322 Lizette Robert Magee Summer I (June 1 - July 7, 2020) Summer I Costa Rica MGMT 4304 Business and Society in Costa Rica - - Luis Maria Leonard Summer I Ecuador ANTH 4365 / ANTH 4395 / ANTH 6390 Archaelogical Field School in Ecuador June 13 - July 17 - Luis Sarah Rowe / Guy Duke Summer I China ARTS 4337 / ARTS 4391 / ARTS 6387 Digital Photography & Internship in China & Japan May 15 - June 28 - Luis Ping Xu Summer I England ENGL 3300 English Studies in England June 1 - June 14 $3,283 Lizette Marianita Escamilla Summer I South Korea POLS 3321 / POLS 3331 Development and Global Security in South Korea June 7 - June 18 - Lizette Mi-son Kim / Dongkyu Kim Summer I Peru ARTS 4352 Ancient Coastal Archaeology, Superb Regional Museums and the Cloud Forest June 8 - June 29 - Lizette Robert Bradley PHIL 1366 / PHIL 3317 / ENGL 2341 Summer I United Kingdom Science and Culture in the City of London June 9 - June 30 $2,893 Lizette Gregory Gilson / Caroline Miles ENGL 4300 / ENGL 6316 Summer II (July 9 - August 14, 2020) Summer II Spain CJIJ 4362 / CRIJ 6333 Colonialism & Imperialism in Sevilla, Spain July 15 - July 30 $1,630 Lizette Rosalva Resendiz *Program Fees may change..
    [Show full text]
  • Language and Family Dispersion: North Korean Linguist Kim Su-Gyŏng and the Korean War
    Language and Family Dispersion: North Korean Linguist Kim Su-gyŏng and the Korean War Ryuta Itagaki, Doshisha University Abstract This article analyzes the unpublished memoir of Kim Su-gyŏng (1918–2000), a linguist who was active in North Korea from the mid-1940s until the late 1960s, and situates his account of his experience of the Korean War within the context of his linguistic essays and correspondence. In doing so, the article considers the role that the personal and the social play in language, utilizing Saussure’s theoretical framework, with which Kim himself was well versed. Kim wrote his memoirs in the 1990s to his family, from whom he had become separated during the Korean War and who now lived in Toronto. In this text, he writes in “personal” language that reveals his uncertainty and his feelings for his family, but then immediately negates these feelings through the use of “social” language, which resonates with his interpretation of the linguistic thesis that Josef Stalin developed during the Korean War on language and national identity. For Kim, the relationship between language and nation was not at all self-evident, but something that he idealized in response to the dispersal of his family. By offering a reflexive reading of a memoir written by a North Korean linguist, this article makes a breakthrough in the investigation of North Korean wartime academic history, which has not risen above the level of analyzing articles in the field of linguistics that were published at the time. Keywords: North Korea, linguistics, family dispersion, Korean War, Kim Su-gyŏng, Ferdinand de Saussure, Josef Stalin Reading a Linguist’s Text Reflexively This article examines the memoir written by a North Korean man of his experience during the Korean War（1950–1953).
    [Show full text]
  • Vanadium ·~O 1968
    Bibliography on ·~he Geology and Resources of ·vanadium ·~o 1968 }~y R. P. FISCHER and JANE P. OHL '1EOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1316 'JNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1970 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 73-606274 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1 (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Introduction------------------------------------------------------ v Purpose and scope__ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ v Geologic distribution of vanadium __________________________ ----- v Bibliographic references________________________________________ VI Index explanation __ ------------------------------------------- VIII List of vanadium minerals__________________________________________ VIII Serials___________________________________________________________ XI BibliographY------------------------------------------------------ 1 Index------------------------------------------------------------ 131 m BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE GEOLOGY AND RESOURCES OF VANADIUM TO 1968 By R. P. FISCHER and JANE P. 0HL INTRODUCTION PURPOSE AND SCOPE This bibliography, which contains nearly 1,400 bibliographic references, was compiled to aid studies on the geology and resources of vanadium. It covers literature published through 1967 and contains references to a few papers published in the early part of 1968. Most references
    [Show full text]
  • New Evidence on the Korean War Edited by James Person June 2010
    NORTH KOREA INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENTATION PROJECT DOCUMENT READER New Evidence on the Korean War Edited by James Person June 2010 NEW EVIDENCE ON THE KOREAN WAR NORTH KOREA INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENTATION PROJECT DOCUMENT READER Prepared for the conference: New Documents and New Histories: Twenty-First Century Perspectives on the Korean War June 16-17, 2010 Harry S. Truman Presidential Library Independence, Missouri Organized by The Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars’ North Korea International Documentation Project Dear Participant The North Korea International Documentation Project (NKIDP) is pleased to present you with this “document reader,” which is intended to facilitate and enrich the discussion at the June 16-17 conference “New Documents and New Histories: Twenty-First Century Perspectives on the Korean War,” held at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library in Independence, Missouri. The volume consists of select Russian and Polish archival documents that we hope will provide context for discussion on the Korean War as we mark the 60th anniversary of the conflict. The collection, compiled by NKIDP is by no means comprehensive, however, in selecting the materials, the editors sought to include some of the most important materials available and made a substantial effort to mine relevant official archives. The document reader is organized chronologically, starting with March 1949 and ending in April 1954. In compiling these documents, the editors received much appreciated cooperation and assistance from scholars from several countries, reflecting the multinational scope of this project. NKIDP is particularly grateful to Jakub Poprocki for contributing documentation from the Polish Foreign Ministry Archives and Dongkil Kim for contributing new Russian documents.
    [Show full text]
  • Can China Back Down? Can China Back Kai Quek and Down? Alastair Iain Johnston Crisis De-Escalation in the Shadow of Popular Opposition
    Can China Back Down? Can China Back Kai Quek and Down? Alastair Iain Johnston Crisis De-escalation in the Shadow of Popular Opposition Many pundits and an- alysts, both inside and outside China, claim that public sentiment is an impor- tant driver in China’s coercive diplomacy in the East and South China Seas. They argue that China’s leadership faces potential domestic instability arising from ethnic unrest, socioeconomic inequality, environmental degradation, and a slowing economy. The regime therefore has an interest in pursuing tough ex- ternal policies, as variants of diversionary conºict theory might suggest. More- over, owing to socialization into the “Century of Humiliation” narrative (namely, that China was bullied by stronger imperialist powers from 1840 to 1949), the Chinese public reacts angrily to any hints of government conces- sions on territory and sovereignty issues. Public opinion, therefore, can create the worst of all worlds for Chinese leaders’ ability to control the escalation of conºicts. It explains coercive external behavior that could give rise to milita- rized crises, but it also limits the regime’s options to de-escalate once mil- itarized crises have broken out. We are not yet convinced that the potential for domestic political unrest can fully explain China’s maritime behavior over the last decade. The top leader- ship exercises considerable control over ofªcial media messaging. It sits on a massive coercive apparatus, consisting of internal security services, a paramili- tary, and the military. Moreover, it does not face elections. Thus, other factors may be at work as well—among them, a reaction to activities of other contend- ers in the East and South China Seas that Beijing perceives as challenging its deªnition of the status quo distribution of territory; an increasingly intense se- curity dilemma with the United States; organizational interests being pushed Kai Quek is Assistant Professor of Politics at the University of Hong Kong.
    [Show full text]