The Game of Thrones in the Early Kingdoms of Danmark
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The Early Intercourse of the Franks and Danes. Part II Author(S): Henry H
The Early Intercourse of the Franks and Danes. Part II Author(s): Henry H. Howorth Reviewed work(s): Source: Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol. 7 (1878), pp. 1-29 Published by: Royal Historical Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3677882 . Accessed: 30/12/2012 11:59 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Royal Historical Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded on Sun, 30 Dec 2012 11:59:53 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYALHISTORICAL SOCIETY. THE EARLY INTERCOURSE OF THE FRANKS AND DANES. PART II. BY HENRY H. HOWORTH, ESQ., F.S.A., Fellow of the Royal HistoricalSociety. THERE is a passage in one of the Frankish annals which has not received the attentionwhich it deserves,and which I believe throws a great deal of light on the historyof the Danish revolutionsof the early part of the ninth century. This chronicle was writtenin verse by a Low Saxon monk some time during the reign of Arnulph, who died in 899. -
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Digitalisering av redan tidigare utgivna vetenskapliga publikationer Dessa fotografier är offentliggjorda vilket innebär att vi använder oss av en undantagsregel i 23 och 49 a §§ lagen (1960:729) om upphovsrätt till litterära och konstnärliga verk (URL). Undantaget innebär att offentliggjorda fotografier får återges digitalt i anslutning till texten i en vetenskaplig framställning som inte framställs i förvärvssyfte. Undantaget gäller fotografier med både kända och okända upphovsmän. Bilderna märks med ©. Det är upp till var och en att beakta eventuella upphovsrätter. SWEDISH NATIONAL HERITAGE BOARD RIKSANTIKVARIEÄMBETET Mwtwl ^ bfikj O Opw UmA mwfrtMs O Cme-fou ö {wert* RoA«l O "liWIøf'El'i'fcA Birka Bente Magnus National Heritage Board View from the Fort Hill towards the Black Earth and Hemlanden (“The Homelands ”) at Birka. Birka is no. 2 in the series “Cultural Monuments in Sweden”, a set of guides to some of the most interesting ancient and historic monuments in Sweden. Author: Bente Magnus wrote the original text in Norwegian Translator: Alan Crozier Editor: Gunnel Friberg Layout: Agneta Modig ©1998 National Heritage Board ISBN 91-7209-125-8 1:3 Publisher: National Heritage Board, Box 5405, SE-114 84 Stockholm, Sweden Tel +46 (0)8 5191 8000 Printed by: Halls Offset, Växjö, 2004 Aerial view of Birka, 1997. The history of a town In Lake Mälaren, about 30 kilometres west protectedlocation, it attracted people from of Stockholm, between the fjords of Södra far and near to come to offer their goods Björkfjärdenand Hovgårdsfjärden,lies the and services. Today Birka is one of Swe island of Björkö. Until 1,100 years ago, den’s sites on Unesco’s World Heritage List there was a small, busy market town on and a popular attraction for thousands of the western shore of the island. -
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Numen 68 (2021) 272–297 brill.com/nu The Role of Rulers in the Winding Up of the Old Norse Religion Olof Sundqvist Department of Ethnology, History of Religions and Gender Studies, Stockholm University, Sweden [email protected] Abstract It is a common opinion in research that the Scandinavians changed religion during the second half of the Viking Age, that is, ca. 950–1050/1100 ce. During this period, Christianity replaced the Old Norse religion. When describing this transition in recent studies, the concept “Christianization” is often applied. To a large extent this histo- riography focuses on the outcome of the encounter, namely the description of early Medieval Christianity and the new Christian society. The purpose and aims of the present study are to concentrate more exclusively on the Old Norse religion during this period of change and to analyze the questions of how and why it disappeared. A special focus is placed on the native kings. These kings played a most active role in winding up the indigenous tradition that previously formed their lives. It seems as if they used some deliberate methods during this process. When designing their strate- gies they focused on the religious leadership as well as the ritual system. These seem to have been the aspects of the indigenous religion of which they had direct control, and at the same time, were central for the modus operandi of the old religion. Most of all, it seems as if these Christian kings were pragmatists. Since they could not affect the traditional worldview and prevent people from telling the mythical narratives about the old gods, they turned to such aims that they were able to achieve. -
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Issue 63: How the Vikings Took up the Faith Conversion of the Vikings: Did You Know? Fascinating and little-known facts about the Vikings and their times. What's a Viking? To the Franks, they were Northmen or Danes (no matter if they were from Denmark or not). The English called them Danes and heathens. To the Irish, they were pagans. Eastern Europe called them the Rus. But the Norse term is the one that stuck: Vikings. The name probably came from the Norse word vik, meaning "bay" or "creek," or from the Vik area, the body of water now called Skagerrak, which sits between Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. In any case, it probably first referred only to the raiders (víkingr means pirate) and was later applied to Scandinavians as a whole between the time of the Lindesfarne raid (793) and the Battle of Hastings (1066). Thank the gods it's Frigg's day. Though Vikings have a reputation for hit-and-run raiding, Vikings actually settled down and influenced European culture long after the fires of invasion burned out. For example, many English words have roots in Scandinavian speech: take, window, husband, sky, anger, low, scant, loose, ugly, wrong, happy, thrive, ill, die, beer, anchor. … The most acute example is our days of the week. Originally the Romans named days for the seven most important celestial bodies (sun, moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn). The Anglo-Saxons inserted the names of some Norse deities, by which we now name Tuesday through Friday: the war god Tiw (Old English for Tyr), Wodin (Odin), Thor, and fertility goddess Frigg. -
The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A)
The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A) David K. Faux The goal of the present work is to assemble widely scattered facts to accurately record the story of one of Europe’s most enigmatic people of the early historic era – the Cimbri. To meet this goal, the present study will trace the antecedents and descendants of the Cimbri, who reside or resided in the northern part of the Jutland Peninsula, in what is today known as the County of Himmerland, Denmark. It is likely that the name Cimbri came to represent the peoples of the Cimbric Peninsula and nearby islands, now called Jutland, Fyn and so on. Very early (3rd Century BC) Greek sources also make note of the Teutones, a tribe closely associated with the Cimbri, however their specific place of residence is not precisely located. It is not until the 1st Century AD that Roman commentators describe other tribes residing within this geographical area. At some point before 500 AD, there is no further mention of the Cimbri or Teutones in any source, and the Cimbric Cheronese (Peninsula) is then called Jutland. As we shall see, problems in accomplishing this task are somewhat daunting. For example, there are inconsistencies in datasources, and highly conflicting viewpoints expressed by those interpreting the data. These difficulties can be addressed by a careful sifting of diverse material that has come to light largely due to the storehouse of primary source information accessed by the power of the Internet. Historical, archaeological and genetic data will be integrated to lift the veil that has to date obscured the story of the Cimbri, or Cimbrian, peoples. -
3. the Movement South and South-T7est to 9542 the British Isles
Tbe Mopemcnt Soatb and Soath-Wett t0 954 zos which, helped by a civil war instigated by the priest-king of Mun- srer, he spread his elbows to good effect throughout Ulster. By the capture of Armagh, at once a chief town of the north, the most important ecclesiastical centre oflreland, and one ofthe holy places ofwestern Christendom, he acquired wealth, power, reputation, and his place in Irish tradition. To him and his kind is attributed the esta^blishment of harbour-strongholds at Anagassan, Dublin, Wex- ford, Waterford, Cork and Limerick, with important consequences 3. The Movement South and South-T7est for the subsequent history of both Norse and Irish Ireland. He is to 9542 the British Isles, the Frankish Empire, the Mediterranean .r Io ror,r-ow rN DETATL THE vrKrNG oNSLAUGHT oN Europe whether nation b1' nationr decade, ninth-century r -decade.by or under thl fou.^ generally accepted heads of individual raids for plunder, expeditlons ol political significance and intention, colonial venture; seeking new land for settlement, and enterprises whose main concern was mercantile and commercial, would be a bis task-and in terms of this book a distorting one' It must be en"ough to trace it in general though one hopes indicative outline' We biein with Ireland in the 83os. thJ Irish coast had suffered sporadically from Norwegian plunderers ever since the first raid on Lambeyin Tg5rand sometimes ihe raiders had penetrated far inland. These were painful depreda- tionsrl but bearable, and left the character of country.and-people unchaneed. But nothing could ever be the same again after the arrival6f the famous Tuigeis from Norway shortly before 84o' Our knowledge of him, unfortinately, is at once inflated and diminished bv the leEendary material associated wjth him several hundred years aiter his"death, when he had become a favourite receptacle for Christian.indignation and alarm. -
King of the Danes’ Stephen M
Hamlet with the Princes of Denmark: An exploration of the case of Hálfdan ‘king of the Danes’ Stephen M. Lewis University of Caen Normandy, CRAHAM [email protected] As their military fortunes waxed and waned, the Scandinavian armies would move back and forth across the Channel with some regularity [...] appearing under different names and in different constellations in different places – Neil Price1 Little is known about the power of the Danish kings in the second half of the ninth century when several Viking forces ravaged Frankia and Britain – Niels Lund2 The Anglo-Saxon scholar Patrick Wormald once pointed out: ‘It is strange that, while students of other Germanic peoples have been obsessed with the identity and office of their leaders, Viking scholars have said very little of such things – a literal case of Hamlet without princes of Denmark!’3 The reason for this state of affairs is two-fold. First, there is a dearth of reliable historical, linguistic and archaeological evidence regarding the origins of the so-called ‘great army’ in England, except that it does seem, and is generally believed, that they were predominantly Danes - which of course does not at all mean that they all they came directly from Denmark itself, nor that ‘Danes’ only came from the confines of modern Denmark. Clare Downham is surely right in saying that ‘the political history of vikings has proved controversial due to a lack of consensus as to what constitutes reliable evidence’.4 Second, the long and fascinating, but perhaps ultimately unhealthy, obsession with the legendary Ragnarr loðbrók and his litany of supposed sons has distracted attention from what we might learn from a close and separate examination of some of the named leaders of the ‘great army’ in England, without any inferences being drawn from later Northern sagas about their dubious familial relationships to one another.5 This article explores the case of one such ‘Prince of Denmark’ called Hálfdan ‘king of the Danes’. -
The Danish Vikings -- Three Centuries of the Viking
THE DANISH VIKINGS The three centuries of the Viking era In the year 793 The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle refers to a Viking raid on the Lindisfarne Monastery on an island off the coast of northeastern England: “In this year dire forewarnings came over the land of the Northumbrians and miserably terrified the people; dragons were seen flying in the air. A great famine soon followed these tokens; and a little after that, in the same year, on the VIth of the Ides of January (Jan. 8th) the havoc of heathen men miserably destroyed God’s church at Lindisfarne, through rapine and slaughter.” This raid, the first registered Viking raid in Europe, is now traditionally used as the date of the beginning of the Viking era. We do, though, have indirect information about earlier Viking raids on England and in Scandinavia several of the features characteristic of the social order of the Viking era go back to the earlier 700s so that the beginning of the period may well be dated to the first half of the eighth century. During the following three hundred years or so Scandinavia played a prominent part in many important and dramatic events in Europe. In their open square rigged vessels the Vikings plied the coastal waters of Europe and disembarked as traders, buccaneers or colonisers –whichever the scenario might recommend. The word Viking is seen on several contemporary Scandinavian runic stones, probably in the context of “one fighting at sea” or “battle at sea”. Elsewhere in the world the Norsemen were otherwise referred to. The Franks called them “ascomans” or “normanni” while the Anglo-Saxon sources frequently used the designation “dani”. -
Slesvig Och Birka Lindqvist, Sune Fornvännen 21, 245-265 Ingår I: Samla.Raa.Se Slesvig Och Birka
Slesvig och Birka Lindqvist, Sune Fornvännen 21, 245-265 http://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/fornvannen/html/1926_245 Ingår i: samla.raa.se Slesvig och Birka. Av SUNE LINDQVIST. min föregående uppsats "Hedeby och Birka" (sid.l—26 ovan) utgick jag bl. a. från den förutsättningen, att det vid Danmarks forna sydgräns belägna Hedeby, staden inom halvkretsvallen vid Haddeby Nor, begynnt sin tillvaro som mer betydande handelsort med stadigvarande bosättning omkring år 900, medan det ur 800-talets historia be kanta danska Slesvig är att söka inom de äldsta delarna av den nutida staden med samma namn, på norra sidan Slien och en dast omkring 2 km. fågelvägen frän 900-talets Hedeby. En övertygande bevisning för denna åsikt är, såsom jag ävenledes nämnde, framlagd i de danska arkeologerna SOPHUS MULLERS och CARL NEERGAARDS värdefulla arbete Danevirke (Nordiske Fortidsminder I, sid. 197—302). En enkel hänvisning till detta för lösningen av hithörande problem grundläggande arbete borde rätteligen i och för sig vara tillfyllestgörande. Emellertid har un der senaste tiden en motsatt mening med stor bestämdhet häv dats av professor ELIS WADSTEIN i arbetet Norden och Västeuropa i gammal tid (Populärt vetensk. föreläsn. vid Göteborgs Hög skola, n. f. XXII), varom jag först tog kännedom, sedan föregå ende uppsats i huvudsak fullbordats. Wadstein är övertygad om, att staden inom halvkretsvallen existerat redan omkr. 800 och var det ursprungliga Slesvig, medan staden pä norra sidan Slien uppkommit tidigast under 900-talet genom överflyttning av in byggare i halvkretsvallen. Då jag i det följande skall undersöka förhållandet mellan 800-talets Birka och dess danska motsvarig- 246 Sune Lindqvist. -
The Devil in the Writings and Thought of Pope Gregory the Great (590-604)
The Devil in the Writings and Thought of Pope Gregory the Great (590-604) Charlotte Emily Kingston PhD University of York Department of History October 2011 2 ABSTRACT This thesis explores the portrayal of the devil in the writings and thought of Pope Gregory the Great (590-604). It examines his exegetical, hagiographical and homiletic works in addition to his correspondence. It analyses the ways in which Gregory described, understood, and used the figure of the devil, and places this within Gregory's wider conceptual framework. It proposes new ways of approaching the topic, particularly in his exegetical works, and looks as much into the associations that he drew as the doctrines that he preached. By looking at a wide selection of his works, this thesis gives an insight into how this one idea manifested itself across a variety of genres, and also how it affected his practical politics and interpretation of real-life situations. As part of this it explores the relationship between Gregory's diabology and ecclesiology, and the influence of this upon his understanding of the Roman primacy. Whilst Gregory the Great has been subject to vast amounts of scholarship, as of yet no such study has been done which takes into consideration so many of his works. This thesis therefore offers a fresh perspective and provides new ways of thinking about how Gregory used and understood the idea of the devil. 3 CONTENTS Acknowledgements 6 A Note on Translations and Biblical References 7 Author's Declaration 8 1.0 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 2 1.1 Gregory's Writings -
The Life of Ansgar by Rimbert Translation and Footnotes by Scott A. Mellor
The Life of Ansgar By Rimbert Translation and footnotes by Scott A. Mellor Chapter 1 [The Introduction to the life and conversion of Saint Ansgar, the first archbishop of Nordalbing1 and holy archbishop of the land of the Swedes and the Danes as well as the Slavs.] The sons and disciples of the most reverend Father Ansgar, to whom has been granted everlasting happiness, greet the blessed fathers and brothers who are soldiers for God at the sacred cloister of Corbie. Special veneration and affection out of the love for Christ are due to these soldiers, and we disciples of Ansgar pray for the peace and welfare of those who rule over them in the name of the Lord. ... Chapter 2 [As a child Ansgar lacked an enlightened spirit, but he is inspired by heavenly revelation. Soon after the death of his mother, he was sent to be educated. Ansgar learned that his mother was in the company of Saint Mary through a vision, and through this vision he was reminded of the Lord. Fleeing his own vanity, he began to be serious about life.] Already as a young boy, Ansgar’s sanctity and piety began to increase. The older he grew, the more copious his holiness became. Even in his infancy, he received spiritual revelations from heaven. By the grace of God, he was visited from above and told to turn his thoughts from earthly things and to embrace with all his heart the heavenly. He confessed these revelations to some of us who were close to him with the understanding that they should not be told to others during his life. -
From the Viking Age to the Middle Ages
Part III: Ritual Actions in Different Areas of Confrontation Hostages in peace processes The purpose of this part of the book is to elucidate how the giv- ing and taking of hostages can be understood within a ceremony (or several ceremonies). The analysis must in part be carried out as a reconstruction because the medieval writers sometimes saw the giving and taking of hostage as irrelevant during negotiations: there were more important events to describe, such as the con- version of heathens. At the same time it is important to under- stand the use of a hostage as a major or essential part of a wider context: the peace process. The central parts of ceremonies are also analysed in this part, the treatment of the hostages, and how they were valued as persons. These ceremonial patterns may have taken altering expressions – regulations, and procedures – in dif- ferent areas of confrontation and must therefore be understood by identifying their contextual factors. Initially Anglo-Saxon areas of confrontation are described and analysed, as well as some other contexts. In particular, it is emphasized that there were specific conditions for each individual conflict, with a subsequent peace, where personal interests may have been decisive for the outcome as well as other social mechanisms related to competitive group- ings. Additional examples will also be taken from other confron- tational areas involving Scandinavians: the Carolingian Empire, Denmark, and Norway. How to cite this book chapter: Olsson, S. 2019. Ritual Actions in Different Areas of Confrontation. In: Olsson, S. The Hostages of Northmen: From the Viking Age to the Middle Ages.