I INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS _______________________________________________________________ JOSE ALFREDO A. MARTINEZ DE HOZ v. THE REPUBLIC OF ARGENTINA _______________________________________________________________ COMPLAINT FOR VIOLATIONS OF THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS _______________________________________________________________ December 19, 2012 #335802 i TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION I ......................................................................................................... 1 DATA ................................................................................................................. 1 A. PETITIONER ............................................................................................... 1 B. VICTIM ...................................................................................................... 1 C. STATE DENOUNCED ................................................................................... 2 D. LIST OF VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS ACKNOWLEDGED IN THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS (THE “C ONVENTION ”) ........................................ 3 E. EXHAUSTION OF DOMESTIC REMEDIES ......................................................... 3 1. The Argentine Supreme Court decision denying review of the preventive detention order exhausted the remedies under domestic law. ... 3 2. The Supreme Court's denial also closes the opportunity of obtaining my father's release ...................................................................................... 4 3. Procedural Steps.................................................................................. 6 F. TIMING OF THE PETITION ............................................................................. 7 G. OTHER INTERNATIONAL PROCEEDINGS ........................................................ 8 H. ADMISSIBILITY OF THIS PETITION AND COMPETENCE OF IACHR AND , AS THE CASE MAY BE , OF THE INTER -AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS ...................... 9 SECTION II ...................................................................................................... 10 SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... A. SUMMARY OF THE FACTS .......................................................................... 11 B. CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL REGIMES ............................................................. 15 1. 1889 Code (Law No. 2,372) ............................................................... 16 2. 1992 Code (Law No. 23,984) ............................................................. 17 3. Option ................................................................................................ 18 4. The preventive detention order .......................................................... 18 C. BRIEF OUTLINE OF THE CRIMINAL CASE AGAINST JOSÉ ALFREDO MARTÍNEZ DE HOZ .................................................................................................................. 19 SECTION III ..................................................................................................... 23 FACTS ................................................................................................................. A. EXCULPATORY JUDGMENT AND REOPENING OF THE CASE 18 YEARS LATER ... 23 B. THE FACTS IMPUTED ON JOSÉ ALFREDO MARTÍNEZ DE HOZ ......................... 25 C. PUBLIC INSTIGATION MADE BY PRESIDENT KIRCHNER TO IMPRISON JOSÉ ALFREDO MARTÍNEZ DE HOZ ............................................................................ 33 D. SECOND PREVENTIVE DETENTION AND NEW IMPRISONMENT ......................... 35 E. OTHER ARBITRARITIES INCURRED TO DENY THE RELEASE OF JOSÉ ALFREDO MARTÍNEZ DE HOZ ........................................................................................... 40 F. INHUMANE AND HUMILIATING TREATMENT ................................................... 42 G. EPILOGUE . THE SUPREME COURT REFUSES TO REVIEW THE VIOLATIONS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEES .................................................................. 45 #335802 ii H. AGE AND HEALTH CONDITION OF JOSÉ ALFREDO MARTÍNEZ DE HOZ ............. 48 SECTION IV ..................................................................................................... 59 VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS ACKNOWLEDGED IN INTERNATIONAL LAW ................................................................................................................. 59 A. VIOLATION OF THE RES JUDICATA STANDARD NON BIS IN IDEM (C ONVENTION , ART . 8.4) ............................................................................................................ 59 1. Legal Standard ................................................................................... 59 2. Non bis in idem in Argentina .............................................................. 65 3. Decisions adopted by the Argentine State ......................................... 69 4. Violation of domestic and international rules ...................................... 76 B. INADMISSIBLE RE -CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CRIMINAL OFFENSE AS A CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY FOR THE SOLE PURPOSE OF AVOIDING STATUTORY LIMITATIONS AND THUS , ENABLING , THE NEW PREVENTIVE DETENTION OF THE ACCUSED . ERRONEOUS CONSIDERATION OF THE CONTEXT ELEMENT (C ONVENTION , ARTICLES 9 AND 7) ......................................................................................................... 79 1. Legal Standard ................................................................................... 79 2. Decision adopted by the Argentine State ........................................... 79 3. Violation of domestic and international rules ...................................... 80 C. VIOLATION OF THE RIGHT TO BE TRIED WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME PERIOD (C ONVENTION , ARTICLE 8.1) AND OF THE PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE PRINCIPLE (C ONVENTION , ARTICLE 8.2). CRUEL , INHUMANE AND DEGRADING TREATMENT (C ONVENTION , ARTICLE 5.2.) ........................................................................... 94 1. Legal Standard ................................................................................... 94 2. Actions and ommissions of the Argentine State ............................... 102 3. Violations of domestic and international rules .................................. 103 D. VIOLATION OF THE RIGHT TO BE TRIED BY AN IMPARTIAL COURT (C ONVENTION , ARTICLE 8.1), OF THE RIGHT TO EQUAL TREATMENT AND NON -DISCRIMINATION (C ONVENTION , ARTICLE 1. 1. LEGAL STANDARD ..................................................................................... 108 2. Constitutional matters, legal organization and lack of independence of the Judiciary in Argentina ........................................................................ 111 a. The Argentine Constitution mandates the independence and separation of the different branches of government ............................ 111 b. Structure of the Judiciary in Argentina .......................................... 112 3. The Judiciary in Argentina lacks independence ............................... 114 a. Domestic and international diagnosis ........................................... 117 b. The reform of the Council of the Judiciary (Consejo de la Magistratura) aggravated the lack of independence of the Argentine Judiciary .............................................................................................. 121 c. The Executive subdues federal judges ......................................... 122 d. Conclusions .................................................................................. 136 4. Acts and omissions of the Argentine State in the specific case of José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz.......................................................................... 139 a. The Judge of First Instance and his relation with the Executive 139 b. The Judges of the current Federal Appellate Court ...................... 150 c. The Justices of the Supreme Court .............................................. 153 #335802 iii d. The former Secretary of Human Rights ........................................ 162 e. The context of federal courts submission in general also impairs José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz's chances of obtaining an impartial trial 162 5. The “Martínez de Hoz” case has been used and timed by the political chronometer ............................................................................................ 165 6. Violation of domestic and international rules .................................... 172 SECCION V CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 175 PETITION ...................................................................................................... 177 #335802 iv DECEMBER 19 VERSION To the Members of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (“IACHR”) 1889 F Street, N. W., Washington, D.C. 20006, USA I, José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz (Jr.), in my capacity as petitioner, attorney-at- law and son of the victim of the facts that will be described hereinbelow, respectfully address this Commission to formally file this complaint, as follows: SECTION I DATA A. Petitioner (1) José Alfredo MARTÍNEZ DE HOZ (Jr.); an Argentine citizen, holder of Argentine I.D. (DNI) No. 13.416.886, domiciled at Suipacha 1111, piso 18, Buenos Aires, Argentina; telephone (54-11) 4114-3017; Email: [email protected] . B. Victim (2) José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz; an Argentine citizen, holder of Argentine I.D. (LE) No. 4.218.909; domiciled at Florida 1065,