Upstream-Downstream Water Quality Monitoring in Basin, Indonesia

Syamsul Bachri Director of Operational Affair

Jasa Tirta I Public Corporation River Basin Management Agency of the Brantas and Bengawan Basin Jalan No 2A Malang 65115

WILAYAH KERJA PJT I (DAS BRANTAS) NAMA-NAMA SUNGAI SESUAI PP NO. 46 TAHUN 2010

Bend. Gubeng SURABA 1. Brantas P. Air Wonokromo 40 YA 2. Amprong 38 39 P. Air Mlirip 3. Lesti U 37 P. Air Jagir SELAT 36 4. Metro Bend. Jatimlerek Bend. GunungsariSIDOARJ MADURA 1 5. Lahor 30 31 Bend. Lengkong OBaru 6. Bambang Bend. Glatik 29 Bend. Menturus 7. Lekso 32 MOJOKERT 35 25 JOMBAN 33 8. Semut 25 27 O G 34 9. Jari NGANJU 26 Bend. Bening 10. Putih K 28 23 11. Ewuh

Bend. Mrican 12. Kalidawir G. ARJUNO 13. Parit Agung 22 Bend. Selorejo 14. Parit Raya 15. Ngrowo G. WILIS 24 KEDIR 1 16. Ngasinan Bend. Segawe I Bend. Wonorejo G. BROMO 17. Tawing Bend. Tiudan 21 G. KELUD G. KAWIMALA 2 18. Tugu NG 19. Bodeng TRENGGAL 20 15 8 5 18 19 1 20. Song EK 16 11 10 7 Bend. Lahor TULUNGAGU 9 6 1 21. Badak 17 BLITA 4 NG G. SEMERU 22. Serinjing 14 13 12 R Bend. Lodoyo 23. Konto Bend. Sutami 3 24. Kedak Bend. Wlingi Bend. Sengguruh PLTA Tulungagung Selatan 25. Widas 26. Kedungsoko 27. Ulo 28. Kuncir SAMUDERA 29. Bening INDONESIA 30. Beng 31. Watudakon 32. Brangkal 33. Sadar 34. Kambing 35. Porong 36. Marmoyo 37. Surabaya 38. Kedurus 39. Wonokromo 40. Mas

BRANTAS RIVER BASIN

Surabaya

Bening Dam

Brantas River Basin Indonesia Kediri Selorejo • Catchment Area : 11,800 km2 (25% of East ) Dam Malang • Population (2010) : 15.6 million (43% of ) Wonorejo Sengguruh Dam Wlingi Dam • Annual Rainfall : 2,000 mm Lodoyo Dam Barrage Sutami Dam • Annual Runoff : 11.8 billion m3

• Mainstream Length : 320 km

MASTER PLAN BRANTAS RIVER BASIN WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

FIRST MASTER IMPLEMENTATION FLOOD CONTROL PLAN (1962 - 1972) (1961)

SECOND IMPLEMENTATION IRRIGATION FOR MASTER PLAN (1973 - 1984) AGRICULTURE (1973) WATER SUSTAINABLE RESOURCES WATER PROBLEMS RESOURCES THIRD MASTER PLAN IMPLEMENTATION BULKWATER (1985) (1984 - 2000) SUPPLY

FOURTH MASTER PLAN IMPLEMENTATION CONSERVATION & (1998) (1999 - 2020) MANAGEMENT

INFRASTRUCTURES IN THE BASIN

Master Plan I Master Plan II Master Plan III Bening Dam (84) (1961 - 1973) (1974 - 1985) (1986 - 2000) Gunungsari B. (81)

Waru-Turi B. (92) New Lengkong B (74)

Selorejo Dam (72) Menturus R.D (93)

Wonorejo Dam (00) Jatimlerek R.D (93)

T.Agung Tunnel (91) Lodoyo Dam (83) Wlingi Dam (78) Sutami Dam (72) Lahor Dam (77) Sengguruh Dam (88) JASA TIRTA I PUBLIC CORPORATION (PJT-I)

• PJT-I was formed based on Government Regulation (GR) No 5/1990 and its mandate was amended several times and then by Presidential Decree No. 129 of 2000 stipulating additional basin of Bengawan Solo to be managed. The latest is by GR No. 46/2010 to suit the Law No. 7 of 2004 on Water Resources and to support PJT I business development (drinking water supply system and electric power generation). • PJT-I implements corporatization in Water Resources Management by rendering professional services based on stakeholders’ participations. • Main mandates are: water services, preventive O&M of water resources infrastructures, under a shared system of water governance.

SIX ASPECTS OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Catchment Area Management Water Quantity Management

TERRACING CHECK DAMS RESERVOIR OPERATION IRRIGATION

REFORESTATION SPRING CONSERVATION HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER DOMESTIC SUPPLY Activities to improve the Render water services to land use and restore the all users in a fair and hydrology properties in transparent manner as the catchment area by regulated by the Water means of multi- Resources Coordination COOPERATION INDUSTRY SUPPLY stakeholder cooperation. Body. SIX ASPECTS OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Water Quality Management Flood Control

MOBILE LABORATORY WATER EXAMINATION FLOOD MONITORING RAINFALL MONITORING

FIELD GUIDANCE MONITORING RESULT WATER LEVEL MONITORING EMERGENCY ACTIVITIES Water quality Activities designated to management activities control flood by to improve the river preventive measures as and water bodies in well as emergency accordance to its PUBLIC BASED MONITORING response to disasters. INSPECTIONS designation. SIX ASPECTS OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT River Environment Management O&M of Infrastructures

RIVER TOURISM RESERVOIR TOURISM RESERVOIR DREDGING PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

WATER SPORTS CLEAN RIVER CAMPAIGN RIVER IMPROVEMENT SMALL REHABILITATION

Activities to promote Operation and environmental maintenance of related awareness and public infrastructures within participation. the assigned rivers in the working area. OUTBOUND URGENT MEASURES WATER QUALITY ISSUES • Less of environmental awareness by industries, domestic and agriculture such as:  Waste water treatment in industries which still not well function correctly,  Disposing of waste water and solid waste directly to the river by the people,  Excessive consumption of fertilizer and pesticide by the farmers,  Ineffective institutional arrangement for water quality management sue to less of coordination between concerned agencies, and  Lack of funding coupled with incomplete regulations and ineffective of law enforcement. WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS

• The water quality in the water body are below or exceed the water quality standard, • Eutrophication problem appear in the reservoir due to excessive nutrient in the water cause severe oxygen depletion occur caused fish within the reservoir died and abundance of algae blooming, • Creating water purification difficulties and rises the cost of water treatment. • Domestic water supply companies as the users of the bulk water often can not operated optimally due to the degradation of water quality such as turbidity problem and water pollution. Water Quality Effects at Lower Reach of Brantas River

Eutrophication problem in reservoir

- Effluent Shock loading by bad industries - Inadequate treatment of domestic waste

Low quality of raw water supply for domestic users

Metropolitan City of Surabaya RIVER POLLUTANT CARRYING CAPACITY RESEARCH IN BRANTAS • The river pollutant carrying capacity is an important index which can be measure basin pollutant carrying capacity. It is stipulated in the Decree of State Minister for Environmental Affairs, Government of Indonesia No. 110/2003 regarding Guidelines on Stipulation of Accomodating Capacity of Load of Water Pollution in Water Sources, in order to implement the provision in Article 23 paragraph (4) of Government of Indonesia Regulation No. 82/2001 on the management of quality of water and control over water pollution, it is necessary to calculate the river pollutant capacity. • The study of river pollutant capacity in the Brantas River Basin conducted in 2008-2009 and 2011 in cooperation with an academic institution, Institute of Technology Sepuluh November (ITS) of Surabaya. RIVER POLLUTANT CARRYING CAPACITY IN BRANTAS

Location Water River Water Inflow Pollution Load River Pollutant Reduction Quality Class*) Quality based on Water Carrying Capacity of Monitoring Monitoring Quality Monitoring Pollution Data Period Result Load (years) Upper 2006 – 2010 Brantas River  Batu - New  Class I Exceed 153,942.74 kg TSS/day -36,674.43 kg TSS/day 9 – 98% Gadang Class II Class II 28,097.30 kg BOD/day -2,385.47 kg BOD/day Bridge 89,157.48 kg COD/day -34,661.29 kg COD/day  New  Class Exceed 22,054.31 kg TSS/day 46,283.52 kg TSS/day 68% Gadang II Class II 6,719.91 kg BOD/day 7,373.55 kg BOD/day Bridge- 12,211.94 kg COD/day 43,179.73 kg COD/day Sengguruh Dam Brantas River 2004 – 2008 Class II Exceed 4,190,553.3 kg TSS/day 332,221.8 kg TSS/day 0-89% (middle and Class II 352,076.6 kg BOD/day 54,616.2 kg BOD/day 0-92% lower) 1,005,689.2 kg COD/day 253,345.1 kg COD/day 0-92% 60,846.7 kg NH4-N/day 5,142.8 kg NH4-N/day 0-97% 9,249.6 kg NO3-N/day 59,981.6 kg NO3-N/day 0-100% 15,180.9 kg PO4-P/day 705.4 kg PO4-P/day - Surabaya 2003 – 2007 Class II Exceed 779,831.99 kg TSS/day -93,105.07 kg TSS/day 20-100% River Class I 90,833.24 kg BOD /day 5,727.02 kg BOD/day 0-99.9% (downstream 231,095.18 kg COD/day -2,512.08 kg COD/day 0-99.8% of Brantas 5,240.36 kg NH4-N/day 2,035.46 kg NH4-N/day 0-94.4% river) 2,832.88 kg NO3-N/day 11,566.94 kg NO3-N/day 0-95.6% 792.27kg PO4-P/day -72.14 kg PO4-N/day -

THE RESULTS OF RIVER CARRYING POLLUTION LOADS IN BRANTAS RIVER BASIN • According to the river carrying pollution loads studies, it is indicated that especially in the upper until the downstream of Brantas river, had already no longer has the river carrying pollution load due to the calculation of inflow pollution load existing in the stream. • Most of the river stream needs to reduce the pollution load into the river as much as 0-100%, because most of them had none capacity to the pollution load. • In order to barring the pollution load into the river, it should be considered in planning the spatial of region/city should consider the result of this study. It is recommended to raising awareness to communities around the river for not increase the pollution load of river water in the future by not to dispose of waste and garbage into the river. MACRO-INVERTEBRATES as WATER QUALITY BIOMONITORING • PJT I in cooperation with Non Government Organization (NGO) called Ecological Observations and Wetlands Conservation - ECOTON (Lembaga Kajian Ekologi dan Konservasi Lahan Basah), conducted the research of water quality bio-monitoring using the macro-invertebrates in 2008-2009 in the upper of Brantas River. • The sampling was taken on December, 19 to 22, 2008, in five locations in the upper stream of Brantas River i.e., Brantas Origin, Coban Talun, Punten Bridge, Gedhang Klutuk and Pendem Bridge. The activities followed in June, 8 to 11, 2009, in four locations in the upper of the Brantas River watershed i.e., Coban Rondo (Konto River), Mount Kawi (Lekso River), Mount Kelud (Badak River) and Mount Arjuna-Welirang (Krecek River). TAXA RICHNESS, EPT TAXA RICHNESS, %EPT AND FBI IN THE SAMPLING LOCATION No. Location Taxa richness EPT taxa richness %EPT FBI 1. Brantas Origin 24 8 48.95 4.04 – 5.41 2. Coban Talun 11 6 21.01 4.31 – 4.94 3. Punten Bridge 14 4 44.29 4.20 – 4.89 4. Gedhang Klutuk 17 5 41.41 4.53 – 5.89 5. Pendem Bridge 12 2 7.22 5.67 – 5.97 6. Coban Rondo (Konto River) 22 10 79.42 3.58 – 4.24 7. Mount Kawi (Lekso River) 40 12 81.21 3.57 – 4.17 8. Mount Kelud (Badak River) 30 14 51.97 4.07 – 5.04 9. Mount Arjuna-Welirang 37 10 63.68 3.96 – 4.66 (Krecek River) RESULTS OF HBI IN BRANTAS • According to the water quality classifications for the Hilsenhoff’s Biotic Index/BI (Hilsenhoff 1987), the Coban Rondo (Konto River) and Mount Kawi (Lekso River) was categorized as slight organic pollution; the Mount Kelud (Bladak River) and Mount Arjuna-Welirang (Krecek River) was categorized as slight organic pollution and some organic pollution; the Brantas Origin was categorized as some organic pollution and fairly substansial pollution. • Coban Talun and Punten Bridge were categorized as fairly substansial pollution, and Gedang Klutuk was categorized as fairly substansial pollution and substansial pollution. Pendem Bridge was categorized as fairly substansial pollution and substansial pollution. • In this study, the sampling location is in upper stream of Brantas river basin, some of results indicate that the condition of the river health is good but in some location shown that the pollution has occurs. This may cause by the use of the river as tourism activities and human interference to the ecosystem. PJT I TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT

• PJT I has tasks and responsibility on water quality management but limited to monitoring and evaluation of water quality change and pollution in the water bodies. • PJT I conducts routine monitoring and evaluation of water quality in the rivers (55 locations), reservoirs (10 locations), industrial (50 locations), public sanitation outlets (4 locations), hotels (2 locations) and hospitals (5 locations), And then report the monitoring results and its evaluation to the agencies concerned. • The results on the data analysis of sampling water was tested in PJT I water quality laboratory in Malang and Mojokerto City, then the results compare with water quality standard for public sanitation in accordance with with Government Regulation No 82 of 2001 on Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control. DO CONCENTRATION (MINIMUM, AVERAGE AND MAXIMUM) Along Brantas river, Surabaya river & Mas river Periode : 2011 CONTENT SLIDE TEMPLATE 12

11 Brantas river Surabaya Mas river river 10

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Kota Batu I K.Malang I Kab.Malang I Kab. Blitar I Kab. Tulungagung I Kt. Kediri I Kab.Nganjuk I Kab.Jbg. IKab./Kt.MojokertoIKb.GresikIKt.Surabaya

Monitoring Distance (km)

Water Quality Standard Class II Water Quality Standard Class III Minimum Average Maximum BOD CONCENTRATION (MINIMUM, AVERAGE AND MAXIMUM ) Along Brantas river, Surabaya river & Mas river Periode : 2011

30 CONTENT SLIDE TEMPLATE

27 Surabaya Mas Brantas river 24 river river

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Kota Batu I K.Malang I Kab.Malang I Kab. Blitar I Kab. Tulungagung I Kt. Kediri I Kab.NganjukI Kab.Jbg. IKab/Kt.MojokertoIKab.GresikI Kt.Surabaya Monitoring Distance (km)

Water Quality Standard Class II Water Quality Standard Class III Minimum Average Maximum WATER QUALITY MONITORING STATION ALONG BRANTAS RIVER LEGEND  Location of real time water quality monitoring stations (23 stations)

Type 1 : pH, Temperature, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity Type 2 : pH, Temperature, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, Ammonium, Orthophosphate WQ18 PDAM Kayoon – Tipe 2a Type 3 : pH, Temperature, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity, Ammonium, Orthophosphate WQ19 PDAM Ngagel – Tipe 3a . . . a : Water Level WQ16 Karanglo – Tipe 1a b WQ17 PDAM Karangpilang – Tipe 3a WQ15 PDAM Krikilan – Tipe 3a WQ13 Tambangan Canggu – Tipe 1

WQ14 Downstream Jembatan Jrebeng – Tipe 3a WQ11 Cheil Jedang – Tipe 2 WQ20 Mangetan Gate – Tipe 1 WQ12 Ajinomoto – Tipe 3 b

BANGUNAN STASIUN WQ21 Kertosono Old Bridge – Tipe 1 WQ22 Porong Canal – Tipe 1

WQ05 Selorejo Dam – Tipe 2

WQ10 Mrican Barrage – Tipe 1 AMMONIUM DAN ORTHOPHOSPHATE WQ01 Jembatan Pendem – Tipe 1 ANALYZER WQ09 Jembatan Ngujang – Tipe 2 TURBIDITY SENSOR WQ02 Jembatan Kendalpayak – Tipe 1 WQ08 Tambangan Pakel – Tipe 1 WQ03 Sengguruh Dam – Tipe 3 WQ06 Wlingi Dam – Tipe 1

WQ07 Lodoyo Dam – Tipe 1 WQ04 Sutami Dam – Tipe 2

WQ23 Jembatan Lesti – Tipe 1

Indonesian Ocean pH, TEMPERATURE, b CONDUCTIVITY, b AUTOSAMPLER DISSOLVED OXYGEN WATER QUALITY MONITORING STATION (WQMS) Water Quality Monitoring Station

Master Station WQMS IFM (Industrial Flow Metering)

WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Water Quality Reporting Publication of Water Quality Condition Water Quality Data Management By PJT I Website

River Aeration on Surabaya River Construction Gully Plug and Check Dam in the Upstream to reduce Erosion Reservoir Dredging MEASURES NEED AND HAS TO BE DONE • The problem of accountability for steps up to the polluter is very unclear. • Provincial authorities hold municipal government responsible for not having commitment or capacity to address the issue of urban and industrial pollution, while municipalities and other stakeholders consider the governor too inaccessible to call upon to address it. • There is also a problem of weak penalties for those industries that are prosecuted, which does not make polluting prohibitive. • It is expected to apply the polluter-pays-principle as an economic instrument to encourage industries to limit their level of pollution to that agreed to in their license. In fact, the concept of this instrument is already prepared, but not yet implemented due to lack of the regulations may be required. MEASURES NEED AND HAS TO BE DONE • Fish sow to increase the population of certain fish species in Sutami reservoir • Conducts intensive activities on watershed management • Community empowerment to raise awareness to the river environment • Students as young generation should be involved in activities related to river health and ecosystem in order to have their awareness to conserve water and environment for sustainable water resources. • Conducting incidental inspection (water patrol) to industrial water polluters along the stream with related agencies/parties • Together with other agencies / parties carry out incidental inspections of the industry, especially around Surabaya River, such as water patrol activities in the area in Surabaya where most major industries are located. CONCLUSION • PJT I has tasks and responsibility on water quality management but limited to monitoring and evaluation of water quality change and pollution in the water bodies. Intensive monitoring of water quality, charging a fee for pollution, and having a strong pollution law would all help to improve treatment facilities and to give industries incentive for treatment. Such recommendations for improvement of water quality and pollution control for each district / city / province is expected to: • Improve monitoring and control of water pollution in their respective areas, • To foster participation and public participation in water pollution control activities in their respective areas, and • To provide guidance / action against the industry as well as other potential pollutant sources in compliance with the applicable legislation in order to decrease the burden of pollutants Brantas River Basin. THANK YOU