Upstream-Downstream Water Quality Monitoring in Brantas River Basin, Indonesia Syamsul Bachri Director of Operational Affair Jasa Tirta I Public Corporation River Basin Management Agency of the Brantas and Bengawan Solo River Basin Jalan Surabaya No 2A Malang 65115 WILAYAH KERJA PJT I (DAS BRANTAS) NAMA-NAMA SUNGAI SESUAI PP NO. 46 TAHUN 2010 Bend. Gubeng SURABA 1. Brantas P. Air Wonokromo 40 YA 2. Amprong 38 39 P. Air Mlirip 3. Lesti U 37 P. Air Jagir SELAT 36 4. Metro Bend. Jatimlerek Bend. GunungsariSIDOARJ MADURA 1 5. Lahor 30 31 Bend. Lengkong OBaru 6. Bambang Bend. Glatik 29 Bend. Menturus 7. Lekso 32 MOJOKERT 35 25 JOMBAN 33 8. Semut 25 27 O G 34 9. Jari NGANJU 26 Bend. Bening 10. Putih K 28 23 11. Ewuh Bend. Mrican 12. Kalidawir G. ARJUNO 13. Parit Agung 22 Bend. Selorejo 14. Parit Raya 15. Ngrowo G. WILIS 24 KEDIR 1 16. Ngasinan Bend. Segawe I Bend. Wonorejo G. BROMO 17. Tawing Bend. Tiudan 21 G. KELUD G. KAWIMALA 2 18. Tugu NG 19. Bodeng TRENGGAL 20 15 8 5 18 19 1 20. Song EK 16 11 10 7 Bend. Lahor TULUNGAGU 9 6 1 21. Badak 17 BLITA 4 NG G. SEMERU 22. Serinjing 14 13 12 R Bend. Lodoyo 23. Konto Bend. Sutami 3 24. Kedak Bend. Wlingi Bend. Sengguruh PLTA Tulungagung Selatan 25. Widas 26. Kedungsoko 27. Ulo 28. Kuncir SAMUDERA 29. Bening INDONESIA 30. Beng 31. Watudakon 32. Brangkal 33. Sadar 34. Kambing 35. Porong 36. Marmoyo 37. Surabaya 38. Kedurus 39. Wonokromo 40. Mas BRANTAS RIVER BASIN Surabaya Bening Dam Brantas River Basin Indonesia Kediri Selorejo • Catchment Area : 11,800 km2 (25% of East Java) Dam Malang • Population (2010) : 15.6 million (43% of East Java) Wonorejo Sengguruh Dam Wlingi Dam • Annual Rainfall : 2,000 mm Lodoyo Dam Barrage Sutami Dam • Annual Runoff : 11.8 billion m3 • Mainstream Length : 320 km MASTER PLAN BRANTAS RIVER BASIN WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT FIRST MASTER IMPLEMENTATION FLOOD CONTROL PLAN (1962 - 1972) (1961) SECOND IMPLEMENTATION IRRIGATION FOR MASTER PLAN (1973 - 1984) AGRICULTURE (1973) WATER SUSTAINABLE RESOURCES WATER PROBLEMS RESOURCES THIRD MASTER PLAN IMPLEMENTATION BULKWATER (1985) (1984 - 2000) SUPPLY FOURTH MASTER PLAN IMPLEMENTATION CONSERVATION & (1998) (1999 - 2020) MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURES IN THE BASIN Master Plan I Master Plan II Master Plan III Bening Dam (84) (1961 - 1973) (1974 - 1985) (1986 - 2000) Gunungsari B. (81) Waru-Turi B. (92) New Lengkong B (74) Selorejo Dam (72) Menturus R.D (93) Wonorejo Dam (00) Jatimlerek R.D (93) T.Agung Tunnel (91) Lodoyo Dam (83) Wlingi Dam (78) Sutami Dam (72) Lahor Dam (77) Sengguruh Dam (88) JASA TIRTA I PUBLIC CORPORATION (PJT-I) • PJT-I was formed based on Government Regulation (GR) No 5/1990 and its mandate was amended several times and then by Presidential Decree No. 129 of 2000 stipulating additional basin of Bengawan Solo to be managed. The latest is by GR No. 46/2010 to suit the Law No. 7 of 2004 on Water Resources and to support PJT I business development (drinking water supply system and electric power generation). • PJT-I implements corporatization in Water Resources Management by rendering professional services based on stakeholders’ participations. • Main mandates are: water services, preventive O&M of water resources infrastructures, under a shared system of water governance. SIX ASPECTS OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Catchment Area Management Water Quantity Management TERRACING CHECK DAMS RESERVOIR OPERATION IRRIGATION REFORESTATION SPRING CONSERVATION HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER DOMESTIC SUPPLY Activities to improve the Render water services to land use and restore the all users in a fair and hydrology properties in transparent manner as the catchment area by regulated by the Water means of multi- Resources Coordination COOPERATION INDUSTRY SUPPLY stakeholder cooperation. Body. SIX ASPECTS OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Water Quality Management Flood Control MOBILE LABORATORY WATER EXAMINATION FLOOD MONITORING RAINFALL MONITORING FIELD GUIDANCE MONITORING RESULT WATER LEVEL MONITORING EMERGENCY ACTIVITIES Water quality Activities designated to management activities control flood by to improve the river preventive measures as and water bodies in well as emergency accordance to its PUBLIC BASED MONITORING response to disasters. INSPECTIONS designation. SIX ASPECTS OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT River Environment Management O&M of Infrastructures RIVER TOURISM RESERVOIR TOURISM RESERVOIR DREDGING PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE WATER SPORTS CLEAN RIVER CAMPAIGN RIVER IMPROVEMENT SMALL REHABILITATION Activities to promote Operation and environmental maintenance of related awareness and public infrastructures within participation. the assigned rivers in the working area. OUTBOUND URGENT MEASURES WATER QUALITY ISSUES • Less of environmental awareness by industries, domestic and agriculture such as: Waste water treatment in industries which still not well function correctly, Disposing of waste water and solid waste directly to the river by the people, Excessive consumption of fertilizer and pesticide by the farmers, Ineffective institutional arrangement for water quality management sue to less of coordination between concerned agencies, and Lack of funding coupled with incomplete regulations and ineffective of law enforcement. WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS • The water quality in the water body are below or exceed the water quality standard, • Eutrophication problem appear in the reservoir due to excessive nutrient in the water cause severe oxygen depletion occur caused fish within the reservoir died and abundance of algae blooming, • Creating water purification difficulties and rises the cost of water treatment. • Domestic water supply companies as the users of the bulk water often can not operated optimally due to the degradation of water quality such as turbidity problem and water pollution. Water Quality Effects at Lower Reach of Brantas River Eutrophication problem in reservoir - Effluent Shock loading by bad industries - Inadequate treatment of domestic waste Low quality of raw water supply for domestic users Metropolitan City of Surabaya RIVER POLLUTANT CARRYING CAPACITY RESEARCH IN BRANTAS • The river pollutant carrying capacity is an important index which can be measure basin pollutant carrying capacity. It is stipulated in the Decree of State Minister for Environmental Affairs, Government of Indonesia No. 110/2003 regarding Guidelines on Stipulation of Accomodating Capacity of Load of Water Pollution in Water Sources, in order to implement the provision in Article 23 paragraph (4) of Government of Indonesia Regulation No. 82/2001 on the management of quality of water and control over water pollution, it is necessary to calculate the river pollutant capacity. • The study of river pollutant capacity in the Brantas River Basin conducted in 2008-2009 and 2011 in cooperation with an academic institution, Institute of Technology Sepuluh November (ITS) of Surabaya. RIVER POLLUTANT CARRYING CAPACITY IN BRANTAS Location Water River Water Inflow Pollution Load River Pollutant Reduction Quality Class*) Quality based on Water Carrying Capacity of Monitoring Monitoring Quality Monitoring Pollution Data Period Result Load (years) Upper 2006 – 2010 Brantas River Batu - New Class I Exceed 153,942.74 kg TSS/day -36,674.43 kg TSS/day 9 – 98% Gadang Class II Class II 28,097.30 kg BOD/day -2,385.47 kg BOD/day Bridge 89,157.48 kg COD/day -34,661.29 kg COD/day New Class Exceed 22,054.31 kg TSS/day 46,283.52 kg TSS/day 68% Gadang II Class II 6,719.91 kg BOD/day 7,373.55 kg BOD/day Bridge- 12,211.94 kg COD/day 43,179.73 kg COD/day Sengguruh Dam Brantas River 2004 – 2008 Class II Exceed 4,190,553.3 kg TSS/day 332,221.8 kg TSS/day 0-89% (middle and Class II 352,076.6 kg BOD/day 54,616.2 kg BOD/day 0-92% lower) 1,005,689.2 kg COD/day 253,345.1 kg COD/day 0-92% 60,846.7 kg NH4-N/day 5,142.8 kg NH4-N/day 0-97% 9,249.6 kg NO3-N/day 59,981.6 kg NO3-N/day 0-100% 15,180.9 kg PO4-P/day 705.4 kg PO4-P/day - Surabaya 2003 – 2007 Class II Exceed 779,831.99 kg TSS/day -93,105.07 kg TSS/day 20-100% River Class I 90,833.24 kg BOD /day 5,727.02 kg BOD/day 0-99.9% (downstream 231,095.18 kg COD/day -2,512.08 kg COD/day 0-99.8% of Brantas 5,240.36 kg NH4-N/day 2,035.46 kg NH4-N/day 0-94.4% river) 2,832.88 kg NO3-N/day 11,566.94 kg NO3-N/day 0-95.6% 792.27kg PO4-P/day -72.14 kg PO4-N/day - THE RESULTS OF RIVER CARRYING POLLUTION LOADS IN BRANTAS RIVER BASIN • According to the river carrying pollution loads studies, it is indicated that especially in the upper until the downstream of Brantas river, had already no longer has the river carrying pollution load due to the calculation of inflow pollution load existing in the stream. • Most of the river stream needs to reduce the pollution load into the river as much as 0-100%, because most of them had none capacity to the pollution load. • In order to barring the pollution load into the river, it should be considered in planning the spatial of region/city should consider the result of this study. It is recommended to raising awareness to communities around the river for not increase the pollution load of river water in the future by not to dispose of waste and garbage into the river. MACRO-INVERTEBRATES as WATER QUALITY BIOMONITORING • PJT I in cooperation with Non Government Organization (NGO) called Ecological Observations and Wetlands Conservation - ECOTON (Lembaga Kajian Ekologi dan Konservasi Lahan Basah), conducted the research of water quality bio-monitoring using the macro-invertebrates in 2008-2009 in the upper of Brantas River.
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