DOCSLIB.ORG

Exploring Indonesia: Past and Present. INSTITUTION Hawaii Univ., Manoa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Exploring Indonesia: Past and Present. INSTITUTION Hawaii Univ., Manoa DOCUMENT RESUME ED 421 444 SO 029 241 AUTHOR Schelander, Bjorn TITLE Exploring Indonesia: Past and Present. INSTITUTION Hawaii Univ., Manoa. School of Hawaiian, Asian, and Pacific Studies. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, DC. PUB DATE 1996-00-00 NOTE 245p.; Illustrations by Ann Hsu. AVAILABLE FROM Center for Southeast Asian Studies, School of Hawaiian, Asian and Pacific Studies, 1890 East-West Road, Moore 416, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822. PUB TYPE Guides Non-Classroom (055) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Area Studies; *Asian History; *Asian Studies; Foreign Countries; Global Education; Instructional Materials; Multicultural Education; *Non Western Civilization; Secondary Education; Social Studies IDENTIFIERS *Indonesia ABSTRACT This book provides an overview of Indonesia's history and culture. The book begins with prehistoric times and continues through nationhood. Each chapter provides background information along with student activities and project suggestions. Chapters include: (1) "Introduction to the Lands and Peoples of Indonesia"; (2) "Early Indonesian Societies"; (3) "The Development of the Spice Trade and the Coming of Islam"; (4) "The Age of Mataram and the Voc"; (5) "Dutch Colonization and the Growth of Nationalism: 1800-1940"; and (6)"The Road to Independence." The volume concludes with an answer key to chapter exercises and a 50-item bibliography. (EH) **************************************************************:****************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Exploring Indonesia Past and Present Bjorn Schelander Center for Southeast Asian Studies PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL IN MICROFICHE, Office of Educational Research and Improvement School of AND IN ELECTRONIC MEDIA FOR ERIC EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION COLLECTION SUBSCRIBERS ONLY, CENTER (ERIC) Hawaiian, C.) HAS BEEN GRANTED BY This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Asian and Fl onre rtc.E. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Pacific Studies u._)( Points of view or opinions stated in this University of Ci) TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES document do not necessarily represent 2A INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) official OERI position or policy. Hawai'i 1996 Exploring Indonesia: Past and Present by Bjorn Schelander with illustrations by Ann Hsu Partially funded by the U.S. Department ofEducation Published by the Center for SoutheastAsian Studies School of Hawaiian,Asian and PacificStudies University of Hawai'i 1996 3 Acknowledgements Many thank- are due to all the faculty and staff at the Universityof Hawaii at Manoa who have helped with this project. In particular I wouldlike to acknowledge the support and guidance of Dr. Leonard Andayaand Dr. James Collins. both of whom have encouraged my study of Indonesian language, culture andhistory. A special note of gratitude is also reserved for Florence Lamoureux, coordinatorof the University of Hawaii's Center for Southeast Asian Studies textbookproject, for her patience, sound editorial advice and ever-present good humor. Finally,I would like to thank my wife Ann for all of her support and assistance during the writing of thisbook. Bjorn Schelander Honolulu. Hawaii March 1996 Batik design on front cover: Lung Kurda Table of Contents PREFACE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE LANDS AND PEOPLES OF INDONESIA 1 THE GEOGRAPHY OF INDONESIA 1 The Southeast Asian Setting. 2 The Major Island Groups of Indonesia 3 The "Ring of Fire" 5 Climate 6 Fauna and Flora 8 Resources and Land Use 11 THE PEOPLE AND CULTURES OF INDONESIA 14 Major Ethnic Groups of Indonesia 20 Languages and Dialects 26 Patterns of Religious Beliefs 28 Music, Arts, and Crafts 32 Food and Drink 39 The Cycle of Life 41 Summary: 43 EXERCISES 44 CHAPTER 2 49 EARLY INDONESIAN SOCIETIES 49 THE SOURCES OF EARLY INDONESIAN HISTORY 50 Linguistic Evidence 51 Early Inscriptions and Chronicles 52 Ethnographic Evidence: Studying Present-day Societies 53 Legends and Folk Tales 55 Accounts from Foreign Traders and Rulers 57 Weighing the Evidence 59 EARLY FOREIGN CONTACTS 61 China 61 India 62 Madagascar, Malaysia, and the Philippines 64 EARLY INDONESIAN EMPIRES 65 Sri vijaya 65 Shailendra 70 Mat aram 71 Maj apahit 74 EXERCISES 76 5 CHAPTER 3 83 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPICETRADE AND THE COMING OF ISLAM 83 THE RISE OF MELAKA 83 84 THE WORLD OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN TRADE The Spread of Malay 87 The Spread of Islam 88 THE WORLD OF INDONESIA IN THE SIXTEENTHCENTURY 92 EUROPEAN PARTICIPATION IN THE ASIAN TRADEROUTES 97 Economic Motives: 97 99 Scientific Advances: Religious Motives: 100 Portuguese Presence in Southeast Asia. 101 1 Other Early European Presence in Indonesia: 106 109 SUMMARY 111 EXERCISES CHAPTER 4 115 THE AGE OF MATARAM AND THEVOC 115 115 THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIANSOCIETIES 1600-1800 1 116 JAVA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE AGE OFMATARAM 118 SUNDA AND SOUTHERN SUMATRA 121 ACEH 123 MAKASSAR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DUTCH EASTINDIA COMPANY (VOC) 125 128 THE VOC IN MALUKU 130 JAVA AND THE VOC From Sunda Kelapa to Batavia 131 132 Amangkurat I 1 133 Amangkurat lI 134 The Javanese Wars of Succession .137 VOC GAINS AND LOSSES 1 138 SUMMARY 140 EXERCISES 145 CHAPTER 5 145 DUTCH COLONIZATION AND THEGROWTH OF NATIONALISM:1800-1940 145 BEGINNINGS OF THE DUTCH COLONIALGOVERNMENT 147 THE BRITISH SEIZE CONTROL 150 THE DUTCH REGAIN THEIR COLONIES ANDEXTEND CONTROL Diponegoro and The Java War 151 154 The Cultivation System 156 The Liberal Period (1870-1900) 1 6 CHAPTER 5 (continuedl The Outer Islands 157 THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT 162 THE ETHICAL POLICY (1900-1930) 163 NATIONALIST ORGANIZATIONS 165 SUMMARY 170 EXERCISES 171 CHAPTER SIX 177 THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE 177 WORLD WAR II 177 178 JAPANESE OCCUPATION 181 THE END OF WWII STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM 184 DUTCH ATTEMPTS TO REGAIN THE COLONY 186 187 NEGOTIATIONS THE SUKARNO YEARS 189 ESTABLISHING A UNITED INDONESIA 190 190 Social Development Economic Development 192 Political Development 193 194 THREATS TO UNITY 198 GUIDED DEMOCRACY 200 LIVING DANGEROUSLY From West New Guinea to Irian Jaya 201 Confrontation with Malaysia 201 203 THE 30TH SEPTEMBER MOVEMENT 206 SUHARTO AND THE NEW ORDER DEVELOPMENT AND THE ECONOMY 206 POLITICAL DIMENSIONS OF THE NEW ORDER 210 Structure of the Government 211 211 Domestic Issues 213 Foreign Policy Issues 214 SUMMARY 216 .EXERCISES 222 KEY TO EXERCISES 235 BIBLIOGRAPHY 7 LIST OF MAPS 2 1.1 SOUTHEASTASIA 4 1.2 GEOGRAPHICALFEATURES OFINDONESIA 14 1.3 INDONESIA (MAJOR ISLANDS) 66 2.1 EARLYTRADE ROUTES 67 2.2 SRIVIJAYA 2.3 EARLY HISTORICAL SITES IN JAVA 74 3.1 MAJOR SEA ROUTES OF THE SPICE TRADE 85 93 3.2 PASISIR (NORTH COAST) JAVA 102 3.3 PORTUGUESE TRADE STATIONS 4.1 JAVA DURING THE AGE OF MATARAM 118 119 4.2 SUMATRA 124 4.3 SULAWESI AND THE SPICE ISLANDS 137 4.4 GROWTH OF DUTCH CONTROL IN JAVA 150 5.1 INDONESIA- 213 6.1 PROVINCES OF INDONESIA LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS KENONG (GONG) 36 REBAB (STRINGED INSTRUMENT) 39 KRIS (WAVYBLADEDDAGGER) 55 KENDANG (DRUM) 70 BOROBUDUR 86 NUTMEG 96 CLOVE 98 PEPPER 130 MASK AND NAGA (SERPENT) ORNAMENTATION ATPALACE OF YOGYAKARTA 153 MUSIC PAVILLION AT PALACE OF YOGYAKARTA 156 WOMEN PLANTING RICE 191 MINANGKABAU HOUSE 199 BEMO (MINIBUS) 8 Preface The land of Indonesia is home to a rich diversity of people and cultures and has a long and fascinating history. It would be impossible in this book to present more than a brief sketch of some of the most important of Indonesia's people, places and events. The reader is encouraged to consult additional works, such as those listed in the bibliography, for a more in depth coverage of specific topics. A Note on Indonesian Spelling and Names: The Indonesian language is easy to pronounce. In general one should try to pronounce Indonesian words as they are written, bearing in mind the followingfew rules: the letter "c" always represents the sound "ch" (as in chair, never like the "c" in cider or car), the letters "ng" are pronounced like the "ng" in singer, while "ngg" is pronounced like the "ng" in finger. However, there have been several changes in spelling conventions, which explains why one may find alternate spellings of the same name (eg. Suharto and Soeharto). For more information on spelling and language, consult a good Indonesian- English dictionary, such as that by Echols and Shadily. A Note to Teachers: This book has been designed so that it may be utilised in several ways. Used in its entirety it can serve as the main text for a course on Indonesian history or social studies. It can also be used as a supplementary source of material to be integrated intoother history or social studies courses. Selected chapters may be used in order to add aSoutheast Asian perspective or to highlight particular historical themes. Chapter 1 provides a brief overview of the country, including the geography, natural resources, and cultural diversity to be found in Indonesia. Chapter 6 discusses the politics and economy of modern Indonesia. Taken together, these two chapters may be used to provide a general country profile of Indonesia. Chapters 2 through 5 concentrate on the historical development of Indonesian society. Individual chapters may be selected to provide examples of general themes that are covered in a world history course. For example, chapter 2 focuses ondescribing early societies, the role of inter-regional trade, and the challenges of historiography. This chapter deals with the question of "what is history?" and with the need to evaluate critically the sources of information used to build a reconstruction of past events. Chapter 3 continues with the themes of international trade. It also introduces the role of Islam, both as an influence within Indonesia and as a dynamic religious force throughout the Asian region.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Concise Ancient History of Indonesia.Pdf
    CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY OF INDONESIA CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY O F INDONESIA BY SATYAWATI SULEIMAN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION JAKARTA Copyright by The Archaeological Foundation ]or The National Archaeological Institute 1974 Sponsored by The Ford Foundation Printed by Djambatan — Jakarta Percetakan Endang CONTENTS Preface • • VI I. The Prehistory of Indonesia 1 Early man ; The Foodgathering Stage or Palaeolithic ; The Developed Stage of Foodgathering or Epi-Palaeo- lithic ; The Foodproducing Stage or Neolithic ; The Stage of Craftsmanship or The Early Metal Stage. II. The first contacts with Hinduism and Buddhism 10 III. The first inscriptions 14 IV. Sumatra — The rise of Srivijaya 16 V. Sanjayas and Shailendras 19 VI. Shailendras in Sumatra • •.. 23 VII. Java from 860 A.D. to the 12th century • • 27 VIII. Singhasari • • 30 IX. Majapahit 33 X. The Nusantara : The other islands 38 West Java ; Bali ; Sumatra ; Kalimantan. Bibliography 52 V PREFACE This book is intended to serve as a framework for the ancient history of Indonesia in a concise form. Published for the first time more than a decade ago as a booklet in a modest cyclostyled shape by the Cultural Department of the Indonesian Embassy in India, it has been revised several times in Jakarta in the same form to keep up to date with new discoveries and current theories. Since it seemed to have filled a need felt by foreigners as well as Indonesians to obtain an elementary knowledge of Indonesia's past, it has been thought wise to publish it now in a printed form with the aim to reach a larger public than before.
    [Show full text]
  • The Borobudur Ship: Recreating the First Trans-Ocean Voyaging
    The Borobudur Ship: recreating the first trans-ocean voyaging Nick Burningham Indonesia is the cradle of trans-oceanic voyaging. tical terms probably derived from the language of the The people of Indonesia Bajau – the so-called Sea-Gypsies of Southeast Asia. are nearly all representatives of a large linguistic group The current theory about the Indonesian colonisa- called Austronesians or Malayo-polynesians. A mari- tion of Madagascar is that they went there for iron ore time people, they moved out of mainland south China mining and smelting. Whatever the reason for their about 6,000 years ago, spreading southwards from voyaging, there is no doubt that they reached Mada- Taiwan, through the Philippines into Indonesia, and gascar and undertook the first regular, purposeful, from there they spread over seas and oceans to popu- trans-oceanic voyaging. Direct contact between Indo- late more of the world’s surface than any other people nesia and Madagascar continued for about 1000 years. in pre-modern times. The Maori of New Zealand, the More controversially, some researchers have Polynesians, Melanesians and Micronesians spread pointed to evidence from linguistics, musicology, met- over the vastness of the Pacific Ocean – they all speak allurgy and archaeology suggesting that Indonesians related languages and have related maritime technolo- established some sort of culture in equatorial west Af- gies. It used to be assumed that the spread across the rica by rounding the Cape of Good Hope. Pacific had occurred through accidental drift voyages, British adventurer Philip Beale, a former RN offi- driven by storms, but the initial spread was to the east- cer who once sailed on EYE OF THE WIND, had an south-east, against the southeast trade winds, and it abiding fascination with that little known aspect of was rapid.
    [Show full text]
  • A Moving History of Middle Sumatra, 1600–
    VU Research Portal A moving history of middle Sumatra, 1600-1870 Colombijn, F. published in Modern Asian Studies 2005 DOI (link to publisher) 10.1017/S0026749X04001374 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Colombijn, F. (2005). A moving history of middle Sumatra, 1600-1870. Modern Asian Studies, 39(1), 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X04001374 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 23. Sep. 2021 Modern Asian Studies 39, 1 (2005) pp. 1–38. C 2005 Cambridge University Press DOI: 10.1017/S0026749X04001374 Printed in the United Kingdom A Moving History of Middle Sumatra, 1600–18701 FREEK COLOMBIJN Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (KITLV), Leiden Introduction The history of the early modern Malay world has been told largely in terms of processes of Islamization, the rise and demise of states, European voyages of discovery, trade with China, India and Europe, and colonial conquest.
    [Show full text]
  • A Short History of Indonesia: the Unlikely Nation?
    History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page i A SHORT HISTORY OF INDONESIA History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page ii Short History of Asia Series Series Editor: Milton Osborne Milton Osborne has had an association with the Asian region for over 40 years as an academic, public servant and independent writer. He is the author of eight books on Asian topics, including Southeast Asia: An Introductory History, first published in 1979 and now in its eighth edition, and, most recently, The Mekong: Turbulent Past, Uncertain Future, published in 2000. History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page iii A SHORT HISTORY OF INDONESIA THE UNLIKELY NATION? Colin Brown History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page iv First published in 2003 Copyright © Colin Brown 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10 per cent of this book, whichever is the greater, to be photocopied by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act. Allen & Unwin 83 Alexander Street Crows Nest NSW 2065 Australia Phone: (61 2) 8425 0100 Fax: (61 2) 9906 2218 Email: [email protected] Web: www.allenandunwin.com National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Brown, Colin, A short history of Indonesia : the unlikely nation? Bibliography.
    [Show full text]
  • NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM OTOBIOGRAFI KENANG-KENANGAN HIDUP BUYA HAMKA” Benar Karya Asli Saya, Kecuali Kutipan-Kutipan Yang Disebut Sumbernya
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository UIN Sumatera Utara NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM OTOBIOGRAFI KENANG-KENANGAN HIDUP BUYA HAMKA Oleh: Mahlil Harahap NIM: 91214033226 Program Studi PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016 SURAT PERNYATAAN Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : Mahlil Harahap Nim : 91214033226 Tampat/tgl. Lahir : Sialagundi, 07 Juli 1989 Pekerjaan : Mahasiswa Pascasarjana UIN-SU Medan Alamat : Jl. Sutomo Ujung, No 1 UIN-SU Medan Menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa tesis yang berjudul “NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM OTOBIOGRAFI KENANG-KENANGAN HIDUP BUYA HAMKA” benar karya asli saya, kecuali kutipan-kutipan yang disebut sumbernya. Apabila terdapat kesalahan dan kekeliruan di dalamnya, sepenuhnya menjadi tanggungjawab saya. Demikian surat pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sesungguhnya. Medan, 19 Juni 2016 Mahlil Harahap NIM. 91214033226 ii PERSETUJUAN Tesis Berjudul: NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM OTOBIOGRAFI KENANG-KENANGAN HIDUP BUYA HAMKA Oleh: Mahlil Harahap Nim. 91214033226 Dapat disetujui dan disahkan sebagai persyaratan untuk memperoleh gelar Magister Pendidikan (M.Pd) pada Program Studi Pendidikan Islam Pascasarjana UIN Sumatera Utara Medan, Juni 2016 Pembimbing I Pembimbing II Prof. Dr. Hasan Asari, MA Prof. Dr. Amroeni Drajat, M. Ag NIP.19641102 199003 1 007 NIP.19650212 199403 1 001 iii PENGESAHAN Tesis berjudul “NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM OTOBIOGRAFI KENANG-KENANGAN HIDUP BUYA HAMKA” an. Mahlil Harahap NIM 91214033226 Program Studi Pendidikan Islam telah dimunaqasyahkan dalam Sidang Munaqasyah Pascasarjana UIN-SU Medan pada tanggal 19 Agustus 2016. Tesis ini telah diterima untuk memenuhi syarat memperoleh gelar Master Pendidikan (M.Pd) pada Program Studi Pendidikan Islam.
    [Show full text]
  • Cileunyi – Sumedang – Dawuan (Cisumdawu) Toll Road
    LEGAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT WITH PPP SCHEME INDONESIA INVESTMENT COORDINATING BOARD Director of Infrastructure Planning Seoul, 31st March 2014 (c) 2014 by Indonesian Investment Coordinating Board. All rights reserved South Korea’s Investment Realization in Indonesia INVESTMENT REALIZATION 2010-2013 FDI & DDI : 41.52 US$ Billion BIG 5 SECTORS OF SOUTH KOREA’S INVESTMENT TO INDONESIA 2009-2013 REALIZATION SECTORS PROJECT (US $ Million) (In US$ Billion) Metal Industry, Metal Goods, 1 231 3.398,5 Machine, and Electronic 2 Power, Gas, and Water 719 637,3 3 Textile Industry 318 482,2 Industrial Rubber, Rubber and Plastic 4 121 402,8 Goods Basic Chemical Industries, Chemical In 2013, South Korea is the fourth biggest 5 91 358,1 and Pharmaceutical Goods country of investment realization in Indonesia. Along 2013, 7,7% of FDI realization in Sources: BKPM, 2014 Indonesia derived from South Korea. Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board Economic Growth and Investment Need in Infrastructure Sectors According to the Five Years Development Plan 2010-2014, in order to achieve economic growth of 7% in 2014, Indonesia’s total investment from 2010-2014 should reach IDR 14,705.6 Trillion (USD 1.33 Trillion USD) Indonesia’s Investment Needs 2010-2014 (USD 1,420 Billion) ESTIMATED FINANCING CAPACITY: • Central Government budget can only cover 29.1 % of total investment need. • Big opportunity for private investment through PPP (Private + Gap = USD 74.26 Billion or 34.7%). Indonesia’s Infrastructure Needs (Rp. 1923.7 Trillion)
    [Show full text]
  • Narratology and New Historicism in Keong Mas
    NARRATOLOGY AND NEW HISTORICISM IN KEONG MAS Retnowati1; Endang Ernawati2 1, 2English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Bina Nusantara University Jln. Kemanggisan Illir III No. 45, Palmerah, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT The goal of this research was to know how the folktale Keong Mas was narrated based on Vladimir Propp’s Narratology (1968). Then the evidence in the story was compared to the historical evidence happening during the reign of the two dynasties in the Kediri Kingdom in the eleventh century using the theory of New Historicism. This research used a qualitative method which was based on library research. Furthermore, the research is to know that the work of literature is not always independent. It can be traced through the historical evidence in the folktale which becomes their clues. It is to inform the readers that a work of literature is actually the imitation, that is the reflection of the society. Keywords: elements of folktale, Propp’s narratology, new historicism, historical events INTRODUCTION Indonesian culture produces many kinds of the folktale. They are variously based on the tribes and the areas where the folktales come from. The characters in folktale would be the mirror of human life in the society (Hendra, 2013). Some of the folktales are now written, and some are translated into foreign languages such as English. The elements of folktale are generally part of the oral tradition of a group, more frequently told than read, passing down from one generation to another, taking on the characteristics of the time and place in which they are told, sometimes taking on the personality of the storyteller, speaking to universal and timeless themes, trying to make sense of our existence, helping humans cope with the world in which they live, or explaining the origin of something, often about the common person and may contain supernatural elements.
    [Show full text]
  • Walikota Bengkulu Provinsi Bengkulu Peraturan
    - 1 - WALIKOTA BENGKULU PROVINSI BENGKULU PERATURAN WALIKOTA BENGKULU NOMOR 45 TAHUN 2020 TENTANG STANDAR BIAYA PEMERINTAH KOTA BENGKULU TAHUN ANGGARAN 2021 DENGAN RAHMAT TUHAN YANG MAHA ESA WALIKOTA BENGKULU, Menimbang : a. bahwa berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 51 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 12 Tahun 2019 tentang Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah, Pasal 3 Peraturan Presiden Nomor 33 Tahun 2020, maka untuk menjamin efisiensi dan efektifitas dalam proses penganggaran dan pelaksanaan anggaran pada Perangkat Daerah di lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Bengkulu, perlu adanya tolok ukur dan standar biaya; b. bahwa berdasarkan pertimbangan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam huruf a, perlu menetapkan Peraturan Walikota tentang Standar Biaya Pemerintah Kota Bengkulu Tahun Anggaran 2021; Mengingat : 1. Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Drt. Tahun 1956 tentang Pembentukan Daerah Otonom Kota Kecil, Dalam Lingkungan Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Selatan (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1956 Nomor 57, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 1091); 2. Undang-Undang Nomor 9 Tahun 1967 tentang pembentukan Provinsi Bengkulu (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1967 Nomor 19, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun Nomor 2828); 3. Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 1999 tentang Penyelenggaraan Negara yang Bersih dan Bebas dari Korupsi, Kolusi dan Nepotisme (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1999 Nomor 75, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 3851); 4. Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2003 Nomor 47, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4286); - 2 - 5. Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2004 tentang Perbendaharaan Negara (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2004 Nomor 5, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4355); 6. Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemeriksaan Pengelolaan dan Tanggungjawab Keuangan Negara (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2004 Nomor 66, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4400); 7.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Electors with Authorised Representatives Appointed for the Labour Advisory Board Election of Employee Representatives 2020 (Total No
    List of Electors with Authorised Representatives Appointed for the Labour Advisory Board Election of Employee Representatives 2020 (Total no. of electors: 869) Trade Union Union Name (English) Postal Address (English) Registration No. 7 Hong Kong & Kowloon Carpenters General Union 2/F, Wah Hing Commercial Centre,383 Shanghai Street, Yaumatei, Kln. 8 Hong Kong & Kowloon European-Style Tailors Union 6/F, Sunbeam Commerical Building,469-471 Nathan Road, Yaumatei, Kowloon. 15 Hong Kong and Kowloon Western-styled Lady Dress Makers Guild 6/F, Sunbeam Commerical Building,469-471 Nathan Road, Yaumatei, Kowloon. 17 HK Electric Investments Limited Employees Union 6/F., Kingsfield Centre, 18 Shell Street,North Point, Hong Kong. Hong Kong & Kowloon Spinning, Weaving & Dyeing Trade 18 1/F., Kam Fung Court, 18 Tai UK Street,Tsuen Wan, N.T. Workers General Union 21 Hong Kong Rubber and Plastic Industry Employees Union 1st Floor, 20-24 Choi Hung Road,San Po Kong, Kowloon DAIRY PRODUCTS, BEVERAGE AND FOOD INDUSTRIES 22 368-374 Lockhart Road, 1/F.,Wan Chai, Hong Kong. EMPLOYEES UNION Hong Kong and Kowloon Bamboo Scaffolding Workers Union 28 2/F, Wah Hing Com. Centre,383 Shanghai St., Yaumatei, Kln. (Tung-King) Hong Kong & Kowloon Dockyards and Wharves Carpenters 29 2/F, Wah Hing Commercial Centre,383 Shanghai Street, Yaumatei, Kln. General Union 31 Hong Kong & Kowloon Painters, Sofa & Furniture Workers Union 1/F, 368 Lockhart Road,Pakling Building,Wanchai, Hong Kong. 32 Hong Kong Postal Workers Union 2/F., Cheng Hong Building,47-57 Temple Street, Yau Ma Tei, Kowloon. 33 Hong Kong and Kowloon Tobacco Trade Workers General Union 1/F, Pak Ling Building,368-374 Lockhart Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong HONG KONG MEDICAL & HEALTH CHINESE STAFF 40 12/F, United Chinese Bank Building,18 Tai Po Road,Sham Shui Po, Kowloon.
    [Show full text]
  • Pergolakan Andi Azis Di Makassar
    PERGOLAKAN ANDI AZIS DI MAKASSAR Bustan Buhari Dosen Jurusan Pendidikan Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM) E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Andi Azis was born in Barru, South Sulawesi 19 September 1924. He had attended Europe Leger School but was not finished. Andi Azis was later taken by a Dutch Resident Assistant Resident to the Netherlands. Andi Aziz by many people is believed to be a member of the military with a good person but in the scale of military unity KNIL in South Sulawesi itself more inclined as a puppet. Colonel Schotborg and Sumokil are the main controllers of KNIL force in Makassar City. When the Andi Aziz rebellion in Makassar, to anticipate the RIS Government in Jakarta has formed a joint forces Expedition East Indonesia. These troops consist of battalions from West Java, Central Java and East Java supported and Police. Commander of the Command appointed Colonel Kawilarang Panglima. Keyword: Upheval, Andi Azis, Makassar. Abstrak Andi Azis dilahirkan di Barru, Sulawesi Selatan 19 September 1924. Beliau pernah sekolah di Europe Leger School namun tidak sampai tamat. Andi Azis kemudian dibawa oleh seorang pensiunan Asisten Residen bangsa Belanda ke negeri Belanda. Andi Aziz oleh banyak kalangan diyakini sebagai anggota militer dengan pribadi yang baik. Namun dalam skala kesatuan militer KNIL di Sulawesi Selatan dirinya lebih condong sebagai boneka. Kolonel Schotborg dan Sumokil adalah pengendali utama kekuatan KNIL di Kota Makassar. Ketika berlangsung pemberontakan Andi Aziz di Makassar, untuk mengantisipasinya Pemerintah RIS di Jakarta telah membentuk pasukan gabungan Expedisi Indonesia Timur. Pasukan ini terdiri dari batalyon dari Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur didukung dan Kepolisian.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Trade Networks in Maluku in the 16Th, 17Th and 18Th Centuries
    CAKALELEVOL. 2, :-f0. 2 (1991), PP. LOCAL TRADE NETWORKS IN MALUKU IN THE 16TH, 17TH, AND 18TH CENTURIES LEONARD Y. ANDAYA U:-fIVERSITY OF From an outsider's viewpoint, the diversity of language and ethnic groups scattered through numerous small and often inaccessible islands in Maluku might appear to be a major deterrent to economic contact between communities. But it was because these groups lived on small islands or in forested larger islands with limited arable land that trade with their neighbors was an economic necessity Distrust of strangers was often overcome through marriage or trade partnerships. However, the most . effective justification for cooperation among groups in Maluku was adherence to common origin myths which established familial links with societies as far west as Butung and as far east as the Papuan islands. I The records of the Dutch East India Company housed in the State Archives in The Hague offer a useful glimpse of the operation of local trading networks in Maluku. Although concerned principally with their own economic activities in the area, the Dutch found it necessary to understand something of the nature of Indigenous exchange relationships. The information, however, never formed the basis for a report, but is scattered in various documents in the form of observations or personal experiences of Dutch officials. From these pieces of information it is possible to reconstruct some of the complexity of the exchange in MaJuku in these centuries and to observe the dynamism of local groups in adapting to new economic developments in the area. In addition to the Malukans, there were two foreign groups who were essential to the successful integration of the local trade networks: the and the Chinese.
    [Show full text]
  • Designing Cities for Tsunami Impact Mitigation: Evaluating Physical Planning Using Structural Equation Models in Makassar City, Indonesia
    DESIGNING CITIES FOR TSUNAMI IMPACT MITIGATION: EVALUATING PHYSICAL PLANNING USING STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELS IN MAKASSAR CITY, INDONESIA By FAHMYDDIN ARAAF TAUHID A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2017 © 2017 Fahmyddin Araaf Tauhid To my mother Fatimah, and Father Habuddin To my wife Astuty, my son Reza, Raihan, Rifaat, my daughter Jasmine To my mother and father in-law To our big families in Makassar, thank you for your supports and prayers ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Supervisor, Prof. Dr. Christopher Silver, AICP, for his excellent guidance, kindness and patience to provide me with an academic support for conducting my research. I would like also to thank my committee members Prof. Pierce H. Jones, PhD, Dr. Kathryn Frank, and Dr. Jocelyn Widmer for their guidance and insight for the past two years. Without the participation of my supervisor and committee members, I would not be able to complete my doctoral program. My sincere thanks go to the institutions and individuals that provided facilities or generous funding for my doctoral research: Fulbright Scholarships Indonesia and Directorate of Islamic Higher Education, The Ministry of religious affair of Indonesia, staff of The American Indonesian Exchange Foundation (AMINEF) in Jakarta Indonesia, Prof. Dr. Phil H. Kamaruddin, M.A (Directorate General of Islamic Education, The Ministry of Religious Affair of Indonesia), Dr. Wasilah, ST. MT. (Academic Vice Dean of Science and Technology, Islamic Alauddin University, Makassar, Indonesia). I would like to thank all the faculty members and administrators in the College of Design, Construction, and Planning, University of Florida.
    [Show full text]